2026年高考英语二轮复习专题突破-专题一 阅读理解 课件

这是一份2026年高考英语二轮复习专题突破-专题一 阅读理解 课件，共163页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，第一讲　细节理解题，命题特点，直接信息题，题型解读，技巧图解，真题典例，间接信息题，数字计算题，第二讲　推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【命题概述】1.选材:取材广泛,话题新颖,材料来源仍是主流媒体;语言地道,表达明确,确保语言原汁原味。2.热点:体现“五育并举”,融入中国优秀传统文化,引导考生坚定理想信念,增强文化自信,培养考生自信自强的品质。3.变化:(1)和百姓生活息息相关,倡导健康生活,如2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷A篇的交通运输领域的碳排放问题以及D篇的微塑料污染问题;(2)与新时代生活同频,提高学生的核心素养,如2025年浙江1月卷C篇介绍了新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植;
(3)语篇用词更加丰富,含有大量派生词、合成词、熟词生义以及英语习语等,词汇量大且长难句多,越来越注重细节理解题和推理判断题的考查。4.建议:掌握阅读方法。阅读理解要注意精读。高考阅读语篇保留了其原有的语言风格,语言信息十分丰富。复杂语块、一词多义、熟词生义、长难句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。语篇不只是平铺直叙,而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式;语篇也不仅有直接描写及简单的介绍说明;还有抒情、阐释、比较、评论等多种方式。所以,阅读理解应该从整体入手,了解文章大意、语篇类型、主题语境、作者的写作目的等;然后再过渡到对细节的理解。
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节的理解,该题型在高考英语阅读中占了较大的比重,考点主要有直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题。它要求考生能够读懂文章中的具体细节内容,如事件发生的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果等诸多细节信息。
直接信息题一般都能在文中直接找到明确的信息,往往只考查文章中的个别事实,通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。题目相对比较简单,但由于命题人会把文中语言(词汇或结构)“改头换面”来表达相同的意思,因此还需考生进行更进一步地理解和比对才能得出答案。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,A篇片段)Mevagissey,CrnwallEven if yu haven’t been t the small fishing village Mevagissey,yu’ve prbably seen it in a mvie r British TV shw.The wrking harbur(港口) tk shape in 1774.Fishermen g ut t sea daily and sell their fish in harbur-side markets.Dn’t leave the harbur withut a traditinal Crnish pie.It’s delicius.
(　　)23.What des the authr suggest visitrs d in Mevagissey?A.Try the Crnish a British TV fishing in the pictures f the harbur.
答案及剖析:A　直接信息题。根据题干in Mevagissey定位到Mevagissey,Crnwall部分,根据该部分中的最后两句可知,作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝一尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A。
相比直接信息题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注原文与选项的同义转述和关注原文信息的归纳概括。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇片段)Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text,and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies—say,assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.Hwever,psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries,they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
(　　)30.Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?A.They can hld students’ are mre cnvenient t help develp advanced are mre infrmative than text.
答案及剖析:A　间接信息题。根据段中第一句可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。engaging意为“有吸引力的”,与A项中的 “hld students’ attentin”相呼应,故选A。
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,找出计算关系,通过计算得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据。弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法,问题便迎刃而解了。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A篇片段)Mving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins(排放).As the wrld races t decarbnise everything,it faces particular prblems with transprtatin—which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins.Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
(　　)21.What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?A.11.6%.B.45.1%%.D.86.1%.
答案及剖析:C　数字计算题。根据图中的“ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”及“ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%”可知,公路车辆总排放占比需将客运与货运数据相加,即45.1% + 29.4% = 74.5%。故选C。
推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题。一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和细节的提示,作出一定的判断和推理。该题型在高考阅读中难度较大。其考点主要有隐含推断题、观点态度题、意图推断题、写作手法题、文章出处推断题和目标读者推断题。
隐含推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节,但却要求考生依据原文对具体信息进行推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇片段)But things were different fr their first essay,which was abut the questin:“Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page,and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement.I was shcked.Then I realised that the prblem was the questin itself.They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers,but writing,in and f itself,simply didn’t strike them as imprtant.This wuld have t change.
(　　)25.Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?A.They were nt given enugh had a very limited misunderstd the had little interest in the tpic.
答案及剖析:D　隐含推断题。根据所给段落中的“Then I realised that the prblem was the questin itself.They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers,but writing,in and f itself,simply didn’t strike them as imprtant.”可知,学生们在写第一篇议论文时表现不佳是因为学生认为这个话题本身不重要,即学生们对这个话题缺乏写作兴趣。strike有“打动”之意,had little interest in 为didn’t strike them的同义替换,故选D。
作者的观点和态度就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或者态度的理解能力,要求考生在理解文意的基础上进行推理判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立和反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。
(2025·浙江1月卷,B篇片段)I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive,they d make better decisins.“Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey.“The fd yu have available makes a huge difference.Even if they dn’t eat it,they’ re seeing it.And then all f a sudden it clicks.”
(　　)27.What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?A.Cstly.D.Cntradictry.
答案及剖析:C　观点态度题。本段提到作者一直在尝试这些策略,并发现当自己减少限制时,孩子们确实能做出更好的决定,说明作者认为这些策略是有效的。故选C。
意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇片段)Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives,we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future,and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in.This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革) will affect us all,and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject,this is it.
(　　)35.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?A.T recmmend a bk n give a brief accunt f AI clarify the definitin f hnr an utstanding AI expert.
答案及剖析:A　意图推断题。根据所给段落内容可知,本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著的AI by Design:A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书,所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A。
写作手法题要求考生针对某些段落、某些内容进行深入挖掘,判断其行文逻辑。最常见的写作手法是举例说明、对比等。考生应学会借助于语境关键词和特定术语作答。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas,stuck inside vlcanic rcks,filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw.They are even appearing inside humans.
(　　)32.Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?A.By quting an defining a giving prviding statistics.
答案及剖析:C　写作手法题。由所给段落中的“ have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas,stuck inside vlcanic rcks,filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw.They are even appearing inside humans.”可知,作者通过列举具体的例子,展示了微塑料出现的各种环境:深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩内部、海鸟的胃里和南极的新雪中。最后提到微塑料甚至出现在人类体内。由此可见,作者通过举例子来引入这个话题。故选C。
文章出处推断题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的文体和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇片段)Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk,represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.The image f the reader appears thrughut histry,in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being.In artists’ representatins f bks and reading,we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks”,artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures.We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl,with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume,deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag,but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
(　　)28.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A.An intrductin t a essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum.D.A review f mdern paintings.
答案及剖析:A　文章出处推断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句和第二段第一句可知,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。由此可推知,本书最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
目标读者推断题要求考生根据文章内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象,即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。
(2024·广州天河区二模,A篇)Sme f the greatest discveries in science have been cmpletely accidental.Then again,maybe science had a little help...
Ice CandyOne f America’s favrite summertime treats came abut thanks t a particularly cld night in the San Francisc Bay area in 1905.That’s when 11-year-ld Frank Eppersn frgt a glass cntaining pwdered sda mix,water and a wden stick ut at the drway vernight.The next mrning,Frank discvered the mixture had frzen arund the stick.He ppped it ut f the cup,licked summers were never the same!
Safety GlassIn 1903,French chemist Éduard Bénédictus accidentally drpped a glass bttle.T his surprise,the glass cracked but wasn’t brken int pieces.Out f curisity,he checked it carefully.As it turned ut,the bttle hadn’t been cleaned prperly and was cated with a thin film f a kind f liquid plastic.A happy accident led t the discvery f safety glass.
YInMn BlueIn 2009,Mas Subramanian,a prfessr f materials science at Oregn State University,was testing ut new materials fr electrnics in his lab with graduate students.A mixture f metals went int the furnace.What came ut was a striking blue mixture.The first new blue since cbalt (深蓝) was discvered in 1802,is called “YInMn Blue”.
PenicillinIn 1928,Scttish researcher Alexander Fleming returned t his lab after a tw-week vacatin nly t discver that mld (霉菌) frm an pen windw had made an uncvered dish f bacteria dirty.Strangely enugh,the mld stpped the bacteria frm grwing,giving the wrld its first antibitic.
(　　)23.Wh are the intended readers f the text?A.Science students.B.Curisity researchers.D.The general public.
答案及剖析:D　目标读者推断题。根据第一段中的“Sme f the greatest discveries in science have been cmpletely accidental.”以及下文对冰棒、安全玻璃、钇铟锰蓝、盘尼西林的发现过程的介绍可知,这四个偶然的发现都与生活相关,故其目标读者为大众,是向大众介绍这些发现。故选D。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章的主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。此类题目可分为三大类,即段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。有时候该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可以位于段中、段尾或者段首、段尾前后呼应。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架,在框架下判断主旨,准确性更高。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇片段) It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish cllars,rejected sweet ptates,and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and,with the help f a number f gd chefs,turned int excellent cuisine.
(　　)34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?A.Why the ingredients were dishes were best the dishes were made the ingredients were bught.
答案及剖析:C　段落大意题。根据所给段落的内容可知,本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料,如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等,所以本段主要讲的是这些菜品是由什么制成的。故选C。
文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇)We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd.Hwever,mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney,Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system.It can be set up fr a family.Additinally,it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital,restaurant r schl.The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically,it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy.By cnnecting thrugh the Clud,BMF is remtely mnitred.Als,there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time.Because the system is autmated,it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants.Rather than watering rws f sil,the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant.After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.In additin,there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice,they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste,carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
(　　)31.What des the text mainly talk abut?A.BMF’s majr ’s general ’s glbal ’s technical standards.
答案及剖析:A　文章大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇) When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants,she didn’t have high hpes fr it.But the ppsite happened: She was flded,shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne.In the past year,Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants.Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth,a researcher frm the University f Flrida.“Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating,” she says.“Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl,the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth.“This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults.Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants,dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it.“Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant.Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care f it,but if it dies,g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
(　　)31.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Time t Replace HuseplantsB.Plants Bst Yur MdC.Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD.Plants Brighten Yur Hme
答案及剖析:B　标题归纳题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起;第二段和第三段通过Knuth的研究发现,说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、降低请病假的比率,从而提高生产率;第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。B项最能概括文章主旨,适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词意义,也可以考查熟词生义,还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候一定要遵循就近原则,找出离代词最近的名词、短语或句子等。代词多是“him,them,it,that”等,可以指代上文提到的人或物,it 和 that 还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,B篇片段)There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class.She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls.Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says.“They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
(　　)26.What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in Paragraph 4?A.Offering regular extra n n sympathy.
答案及剖析:C　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句及其上一句可知,“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。
猜测单词/短语题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语意义的理解;所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要通过阅读上下文,根据短文提供的语境、信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
[典例1] (2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇片段)As a new unit started,I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice.This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting.Fr the next tw assignments,a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp,I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre(体裁)and that it cntain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries,10 t 20 pages each,with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
(　　)26.What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Mixed.D.Disturbing.
答案及剖析:B　猜测单词题。根据所给段落的最后一句可知,关于接下来的作文,学生们写的话题多样,篇幅长达10到20页,内容丰富,打动人心,和之前的表现形成了鲜明对比,因此作者感到惊叹。由此可推知,staggering意为“令人惊叹的”,与amazing同义。故选B。
[典例2] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇片段)When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre,learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than n screen.A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text.
(　　)28.What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Seem unlikely t hard t ready t easy t ntice.
答案及剖析:D　猜测短语题。根据画线短语上下文语境可推知,此处是指“当实验人员从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时,纸质文本的好处就变得显而易见了”,所以画线短语shine thrugh意为“显而易见”,和D项意思相近。故选D。
猜测句意题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中,需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子。有时会考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解,要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意。
(2019·浙江6月卷,B篇片段)Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day.But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth,a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What Yu Can,Take What Yu Need.”
(　　)24.What des the expressin “Mney with n strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Mney spent withut nt legally ffered withut nt tied tgether.
答案及剖析:C　猜测句意题。根据本段内容并结合木板上写的“Give What Yu Can,Take What Yu Need.”可知,附在木板上的钱是可以随意取走的,并不附带任何条件,故选C。
第五讲　利用文章体裁解题
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A篇)The greening f planes,trains and autmbilesMving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins(排放).As the wrld races t decarbnise everything,it faces particular prblems with transprtatin—which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins.Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
The fuels fr transprt need t be nt just green,cheap and pwerful,but als lightweight and safe enugh t be carried arund.Each mde f transprt has its specific fuel needs.Much is still t be settled,but here are sme f the slutins t get us ging green.
This energy transitin(变革)is glbal,and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry.It’s estimated that the glbal demand fr electricity culd mre than duble by 2050.Frtunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up t the task.“We need t speed up the develpment f green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
【解题思路】语篇解读:本文是应用文。 文章介绍了交通运输领域的碳排放问题,并探讨了不同交通方式的未来绿色燃料解决方案。
答案及剖析:21.C　细节理解题。根据图中的“ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”及“ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%”可知,公路车辆总排放占比需将客运与货运数据相加,即45.1% + 29.4% = 74.5%。故选C。
(　　)22.Which mde f transprt can g green cmparatively easily?A.Planes.D.Ships.
答案及剖析:22.C　细节理解题。根据“TRAINS—Electricity”部分的内容可知,部分火车已实现电气化,且其他火车可通过相当简单的方式改造,再对比FUTURE FUELS部分的其他交通方式面临的转型问题可知,火车是转型难度最低的交通工具。故选C。
(　　)23.What des Wipke suggest regarding energy transitin?A.Limiting fuel mre effrt int energy electricity mre affrdable.
答案及剖析:23.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容尤其是Wipke所说的话可知,Wipke的核心建议是加速发展绿色能源,即加大对可再生能源的投入力度。故选B。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇)In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cwby wh saved his twn,a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s,and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life.Mre than nce,I fund myself wndering just hw my students,wh’d created these peple,knew their subjects s well.
But things were different fr their first essay,which was abut the questin:“Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page,and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement.I was shcked.Then I realised that the prblem was the questin itself.They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers,but writing,in and f itself,simply didn’t strike them as imprtant.This wuld have t change.
As a new unit started,I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice.This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting.Fr the next tw assignments,a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp,I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre(体裁) and that it cntain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries,10 t 20 pages each,with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin.Hwever,my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance—the ability t cnnect peple,t put us in anther’s skin,t teach us what it means t be human.
【解题思路】语篇解读:本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位写作老师的教学反思。在教学过程中,她发现学生们在写虚构故事时能创造出深刻的人物,但在完成关于“写作为何重要”的议论文时却表现不佳。后来她调整了教学策略,结果学生们的作品令其惊叹。这让她对写作的本质有了新的认识和感悟。
(　　)24.Wh are the peple mentined at the beginning f Paragraph 1?A.Ninth ’ characters.
答案及剖析:24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a mdern-day Juliet”及“my students,wh’d created these peple”可知,这些人物是作者的学生创作的角色,即虚构人物。故选D。
答案及剖析:25.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Then I realised them as imprtant.”可知,学生们在写第一篇议论文时表现不佳是因为学生认为这个话题本身不重要,即学生们对这个话题缺乏写作兴趣。故选D。
答案及剖析:26.B　猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句可知,关于接下来的作文,学生们写的话题多样,篇幅长达10到20页,内容丰富,打动人心,和之前的表现形成了鲜明对比,因此作者感到惊叹。由此可推知,staggering意为“令人惊叹的”,与amazing同义。故选B。
(　　)27.What des the authr’s experience shw?A.Teaching is waters run is makes perfect.
答案及剖析:27.A　推理判断题。根据全文内容并结合最后一段中的“my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me...”可知,作者通过教学实践从学生的表现中获得了对写作本质的新的认识和感悟,体现了“教学相长”。故选A。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇)Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des.Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns,fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing.But last mnth,ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled.Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut.Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems,but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish cllars,rejected sweet ptates,and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and,with the help f a number f gd chefs,turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability,and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
【解题思路】语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了纽约一家餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材来提高人们对食物浪费的认识。
(　　)32.What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?A.He witnessed fd enjyed the lcal dnated fd t helped t ck at hme.
答案及剖析:32.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe that feeling cmes a prayer at dinner time.” 可知,作者曾在南非生活过,那里有孩子挨饿是事实,由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
(　　)33.Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?A.T custmise dishes fr make the public aware f fd test a fd prcessing imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
答案及剖析:33.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句并结合语境可知,这些食物原本的结局是被丢弃,但现在因Blue Hill餐厅进行的这个实验避免了这种浪费,由此可知,进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
答案及剖析:34.C　段落大意题。根据第五段的内容可知,本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料,如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等,所以本段主要讲的是这些菜品是由什么制成的。故选C。
(　　)35.What can we learn abut wastED?A.It has ended as is creating new has regained is criticized by tp chefs.
答案及剖析:35.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验,现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单,从而推断,实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇)While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years,transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian(行人)mbility,especially amng yung children.Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl,s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these.In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives,they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag.Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere.Sme cmmunities fught back.Mst famusly,a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park.Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacbs called n her mayr(市长)t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live,and nt just rush thrugh.”Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car.The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple,amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh,but we fail t accunt fr the true csts.D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
【解题思路】语篇解读:本文是议论文。文章深入剖析了现代城市街道设计偏向机动车交通,导致儿童活动受限的问题;并通过数据与案例论证了街道安全与公共空间的重要性,呼吁重构街道功能,营造宜居环境。
(　　)28.What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in Paragraph 1?A.Cars ften get stuck n the accidents ccur walk less and drive fail t fllw the rules.
答案及剖析:28.C　细节理解题。 由第一段中的“declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility,especially amng yung children”及“they pack them int the car instead”可知,行人(尤其儿童)步行减少而汽车使用增加,即人们步行更少、开车更多。故选C。
(　　)29.What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?A.Keep their cities cultural the needy expressways accessible.
答案及剖析:29.A　推理判断题。 由第三段中加拿大记者Jane Jacbs呼吁市长将纽约打造为“a decent place t live”并反对修建高速路可知,她与其他抗议者的核心目标是保持城市宜居性。故选A。
(　　)30.What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?A.They bsted the sales f turned ut largely wn gvernment advcated building new parks.
答案及剖析:30.B　推理判断题。 由第四段首句中的“the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car”及澳大利亚汽车拥有率全球领先的数据可知,尽管举行过抗议,城市规划仍以汽车为中心,即这些运动基本未奏效。故选B。
(　　)31.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Why the Rush?B.What’s Next?C.Where t Stay?D.Wh t Blame?
答案及剖析:31.A　标题归纳题。通读全文,特别是根据文章最后一段可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象,A项质问“rush thrugh”的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题。故选A。