2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义语法填空第一讲有提示词之动词（Word版附解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义语法填空第一讲有提示词之动词（Word版附解析），共4页。学案主要包含了三年高考命题大数据，考情特点总结，解题攻略，真题感悟，名师点拨等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【考情特点总结】
一、选材特点：文以载道，语境真实
①语篇题材广泛，富有时代性与文化内涵，兼具育人价值。
②结构清晰、逻辑性强，语言规范地道，要求考生适应不同语体并在真实语境中运用语言。
二、考查特点：基础综合化，语境逻辑化
①语境化基础：名词复数、主谓一致、冠词等基础考点均深度嵌入语篇逻辑中考查。
②系统化词法：构词法(词形转换)是核心考点，系统性考查词汇体系(词根、词缀、词性转换)。
③关联性句法：重点考查从句与连词，测试把握句子成分间逻辑关系的能力。
三、能力指向：超越语法，指向核心素养
题目综合考查英语学科核心素养：
①语言能力：词汇、语法、语篇知识的综合运用。
②思维品质：逻辑推理与信息处理能力。
③文化意识：通过语篇理解中外文化。
④学习能力：运用构词法等规律猜测词义、拓展词汇的策略。
总之，高考语法填空题是以富有文化与时代价值的语篇为载体，在真实语境中系统考查语法知识综合运用、逻辑推理及文化理解能力的综合素养考查。备考需转向“读篇章、理逻辑、析结构、用规律”，促进语言能力、思维品质与文化意识协同发展。
第一讲 有提示词之动词
在语法填空中，谓语、非谓语一直是重要的考点，近几年高考语法填空在题目设置上增加了语篇理解的难度，增强了句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，对辨别谓语、非谓语的能力提出了更高要求，如句中生僻词较多、非核心信息较多、从句嵌套、出现多个动词等，这些增加了考生判断谓语、非谓语的难度。
【解题攻略】
【真题感悟】
(限时：5分钟，正答率： /10)
1.(2025·全国一卷)“The players’ persnalities are revealed (reveal) during the game，and ne’s weaknesses are expsed t the ppnent，” she adds.
2.(2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always tries (try) t beat the ppnent by n mre than ne r tw pints as a gesture (姿态) f respect fr the ther side.
3.(2025·全国二卷)And in the prcess，I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” f freshly sunned clthes is (be) ne f them.
4.(2025·浙江1月卷)The cncept is (be) certainly nt new—men have been renting gd suits fr decades—but fr female shppers，it is just taking ff.
5.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were (be) als Shakespeare’s cncerns.
6.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Tw years later，a six-meter-tall pavilin，inspired by The Peny Pavilin，was built (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
7.(2024·全国甲卷)They were (be) part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
8.(2024·全国甲卷)What shuld be dne (d) with such a beautiful place？ They wndered ut lud.
9.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last tw years，sme supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
10.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable develpment f this city，which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld，means(mean) there is always smething new t discver here，and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
【名师点拨】
(一)5大方法破解谓语动词时态
1.时间标志法
2.语境暗示法
从近几年高考真题来看，解决时态问题要注意上下文语境暗示。正确理解语境，尤其是上下文的时态对照，是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
3.并列谓语法
同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。常见的并列连词有and，but，r，rather than，，nt (als)...等。
4.固定句式法
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。例如：
·was/were ding sth when＋一般过去时
·was/were abut t d sth when＋一般过去时
·had (just) dne sth when＋一般过去时
·This/It/That was the that＋过去完成时
·It’s (high) time that sb did/shuld d sth
·It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时
5.主从时态呼应法
在宾语从句中，如果主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句如果表示客观事实或真理则用一般现在时。
(二)逻辑关系法突破谓语动词语态
1.结合语境，分析所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果主语是该动作的发出者，则用主动语态；若主语是该动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
2.被动语态的基本形式：be dne。
3.做题步骤：先考虑时态，再考虑语态。
4.主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。
(三)3大原则确定主谓一致
【真题感悟】
(限时：6分钟，正答率： /12)
1.(2025·全国一卷)We hpe t present (present) the rather abstract G game and AI in a visual cntext，and initiate dialgues with minimalist art，cnceptual art and expressinism.
2.(2025·全国二卷)Grwing up，my family and ur neighbrs never used cltheslines t dry clthing，denying me the chance t discver (discver) ne f the great wnders f sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clthes fr an entire day.
3.(2025·全国二卷)If yu’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” frm a sheet r shirt left (leave) t sun fr a day，well，yu’re missing ut n ne f life’s wnders.
4.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen t rent (rent) rather than purchase them utright prviding a less expensive slutin t ne-time event dressing.
5.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want t make this wrk fr peple’s lives tday，and I knw that desn’t always mean returning (return) a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend，” she says.
6.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals pen n warm days t give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
7.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Recalling (recall) watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin...
8.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal visibility，said Edmndsn，adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed t find (find) the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
9.(2024·全国甲卷)Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level，the natinal parks，in particular，tend t catch (catch) ur attentin because f their large size and variety.
10.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)T eat ne，yu have t decide whether t bite (bite) a small hle in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth，letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue (舌头).
11.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xia lng ba have a fine skin，allwing them t be lifted (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
12.(2022·全国甲卷)I was unwilling t talk with him and ften disbeyed his rule f nt staying (stay) ut with my friends t late.
【名师点拨】
判断非谓语动词形式的5大招
1.逻辑关系法
(1)现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
①The mbile phne lying (＝which lies) n the desk belngs t me.(the mbile phne 和 lie为主谓关系，故用现在分词)
②The mbile phne laid (＝which is laid) n the desk belngs t me.(the mbile phne和 lay为动宾关系，故用过去分词)
(2)现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别
在句首的分词相当于时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句；在句末的分词常作伴随状语、方式状语、结果状语，不能改成从句。
①Seen (＝When it is seen) frm space，the earth lks blue.(the earth和see为动宾关系，故用过去分词)
②Seeing (＝When we see) the earth frm space，we will find it blue.(we和see为主谓关系，故用现在分词)
(3)现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
在make、have、see、bserve、ntice、watch、hear等动词后可用现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。
①Can yu hear smebdy singing in the next rm？(宾语smebdy 和 sing 为主谓关系，故用现在分词)
②I ften hear this sng sung in English.(宾语this sng和 sing 为动宾关系，故用过去分词)
2.关键词标志法
3.归类对比法
4.专项突破法攻克不定式
从最近几年高考来看，对非谓语动词中的不定式考查较多，因此要熟记不定式的用法，专项突破不定式。
(1)不定式作状语——4情况
①作目的状语一定用不定式；
②nly t d sth表示出乎意料的结果；
③某些形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见形容词有：happy、delighted、pleased、prud、anxius、disappinted、lucky、frtunate等；
④牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词easy、difficult、cmfrtable等)＋t d”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)不定式作定语——3标志
①由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
②由the nly、the last、the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
③被修饰的名词(代词)是ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、ptential、reasn、right、time、way、wish、smething、anything等词时，常用不定式作定语。
(3)不定式作表语——1特点
不定式作表语表示尚未发生的动作，主语常为wish、ambitin、plan等。
My wish is t becme a dctr in the future.我的愿望是将来成为一名医生。
5.新考向应对法——根据逻辑与时间关系，突破非谓语的时态语态
分析2022年之前的高考试卷可知，非谓语动词主要考查其一般式，但2023年新课标Ⅰ卷和全国乙卷中，分别考查了不定式一般式的被动语态和现在分词的完成式。这一新考向要引起考生的格外关注。
(1)不定式的时态和语态
①t be ding表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
He is thught t be hiding in the wds.
人们认为他正躲在树林里。
②t have dne表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。
I’m srry t have given yu s much truble.
我很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。
③t have been dne表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作，且与逻辑主语是被动关系。
The nvel was said t have been published.
据说这部小说已经出版了。
(2)动词-ing形式的时态和语态
①当一个动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是该动作的承受者，这个动词-ing形式要用被动形式。
He entered the rm withut being seen.
他走进了房间，没有被人看见。
②如动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，这个动词-ing形式要用完成式。
He frgt having prmised t write t her.
他忘了答应过她要给她写信的。
Tm regretted nt having been invited t the party.
汤姆对没有被邀请去参加这个聚会感到遗憾。
【真题感悟】
(限时：4分钟，正答率： /8)
1.(2025·全国一卷)“In a G game，each mve shuld serve a lng-term gal.Yu try t lead the ppnent int yur trap and frce them t fllw yur ‘guidance (guide)’ till they lse，” explains Wang Wei，a G player amng the visitrs t the exhibitin.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen t rent rather than purchase them utright prviding a less expensive slutin (slve) t ne-time event dressing.
3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the criticism (criticize) that they lead t waste.
4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017，right befre the arrival(arrive) f the tw new pandas，Meng Meng and Jia Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
5.(2022·全国甲卷)Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad，in rder t prmte envirnmental prtectin (prtect).
6.(2022·浙江1月卷)When the answer was n，she declined the invitatin (invite).
7.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated (educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics，and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the develpment (develp) f the lcal areas.
8.(2021·浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bught it fr 1，200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser，wh perfrmed their marriage (marry) ceremny in 1842.
【名师点拨】
1.判断动词变名词的方法
(1)作主语、及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语，以及作表语时；
(2)被形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、冠词、形容词修饰时；
(3)修饰名词时。
2.动词变名词的常见后缀
3.判断动词变形容词的方法
作定语、表语或补足语时。
4.动词变形容词的常见后缀
Ⅰ.语法填空小题练——动词提示题专练
1.(2025·浙江五校高三联考)Many Chinese cmplained their cuntry’s inability t prduce a vide game as thrilling as “Grand Theft Aut” r “Wrld f Warcraft”，which riginated (riginate) in Sctland and America respectively.
2.(2025·河北衡水高三模拟)The meat is later chpped，stuffed int the flatbread and served (serve) with a little gravy (肉汁) frm the stck.
3.(2025·浙江六校高三联考)The calls fllw a piece published by the Glbal Times which argued，“The wrld-renwned British museum has failed (fail) t take gd care f ‘cultural prperty belnging t ther cuntries’ up t these years.”
4.(2025·金丽衢高三联考)Prduced by Light Chaser Animatin，a Beijing-based animated studi knwn fr its fcus n tales inspired by traditinal culture and legends，the film was scheduled (schedule) fr a natinwide release n July 8.
5.(2025·江苏镇江高三统考期末)With jint effrts，a library with ten reading rms was built (build) last year.
6.(2025·烟台高三一模)The manager is said t have arrived (arrive) back frm Paris where he met sme Eurpean business partners.
7.(2025·湖南长沙高三一模)This system，which functins (functin) similarly t wetlands in purifying water，is lw bth in cst and maintenance.
8.(2025·广东深圳高三期末)The prblem with cncrete-based slutins is (be) that they are expensive，lack flexibility and require cnstant maintenance.
9.(2025·江苏南京高三期中)Named after the ancient name fr Xi’an in Shaanxi Prvince，which served (serve) as the capital f the Tang Dynasty fr ver 280 years，the mvie brings t life sme f the mst icnic figures in Chinese literary histry.
10.(2025·江苏连云港高三上期中)They enjyed accmpanying each ther s much that Su Ming，aged 16，said he hped t return t the nursing hme regularly t spend (spend) time with the senirs that he made friends with.
11.(2025·长沙高三一模)Their creatins were cllected in Messengers frm the Vernal Wd，which was released (release) in Germany n Octber 18，2024.
12.(2025·黑龙江高三校考期末)Nwadays，being equipped (equip) with a knwledge f cmputer is an essential qualificatin fr mst f the psts in the jb market.
13.(2025·江苏连云港高三一模)Instead f taking place in hspitals r clinics during ffice hurs，cnsultatins，prescriptins，acupuncture，and dietary advice ffered by certified TCM dctrs in the busy atmsphere f night markets have attracted (attract) a significant number f yung peple s far.
14.(2025·江苏盐城高三期末)By the time the flding fan became ppular in the cuntry in the 14th century，bamb had entered (enter) the Chinese visual and literary images.
15.(2025·山东淄博高三一模)Frmed in the Han Dynasty，the Regular Script (楷书) was mre simplified and easier t write (write).
16.(2025·浙江高三阶段练习)As the Winter Slstice is the first term t be established (establish)，it is ften regarded as the starting pint f China’s 24 slar terms.
17.(2025·南京师大附中期末)In rder t avid being caught (catch) fr vilating visa cnditins，many freign drivers use ther peple’s accunts.
18.(2025·广东模拟预测)This editin f the Asiaal has integrated Hangzhu’s rich histrical heritage，surging innvatin (innvate)，vitality and distinct value pursuit int varius aspects.
19.(2025·山东泰安高三模拟)We sincerely aplgize t have caused (cause) such significant delays fr all passengers waiting patiently at the terminal due t unexpected technical issues.
20.(2025·临沂高三一模)The flatbread used fr Rugam is called “Bai Ji M”，which is made frm wheat flur first tasted (tast) n a flat pan and then baked in a clay r mud ven.
21.(2025·江苏南京六校高三联考)Cmpsed (cmpse) f ver 40 members frm diverse backgrunds—including teachers，engineers，and retirees—this amateur trupe has a shared passin fr preserving and prmting the traditinal art frm f Yue Opera.
22.(2025·淄博高三模拟)Thusands f cmputer enthusiasts find cmputer shws arund the cuntry s attractive (attract) that they buy parts，take them hme and assemble (组装) their wn cmputers.
23.(2025·河南名校调研)Li Weipeng，wh flies the J-20，said the engines f the J-20 jets displayed this time had been cmprehensively updated，thugh their appearance (appear) remained the same.
24.(2025·山东潍坊高三一模)A standut traditin in Xiamen is chazhuzi，which，literally meaning “tea table”，refers (refer) t a gathering centered arund tea drinking.
25.(2025·山东德州高三二模)His stall (摊位) quickly gained ppularity amng lcal peple and drew (draw) greater attentin t the authentic (正宗的) flavrs f Chinese cuisine.
26.(2025·广东广州一模)Ethipian pet Seife Temam，impressed by Tang pet Li Bai，penned (pen) a rmantic line： I am a child f the Nile，but I am drawn t the Fuchun River.
27.(2025·湖南长郡中学高三毕业班模拟考试)The Ming Dynasty’s N.1 shipwreck，measuring (measure) 37 meters lng and 11 meters wide，has yielded 543 artifacts，suggesting it sailed frm Fujian r Guangdng t Sutheast Asia trade centers like Malacca.
28.(2025·江苏镇江高三调研)Elegant pieces f glassware (玻璃器皿) frm the Palace Museum’s cllectin，representing (represent) the creativity brn f cperatin between wrkmen frm the East and the West in the 17th century，g n display in Beijing.
29.(2025·石家庄高三质检)The nging exhibitin，titled (title) “Crystal and Splendr”，displays ver 120 glass pieces frm the 17th t the 20th century，fully demnstrating the diversity and innvatin in glassmaking between China and Eurpe.
30.(2025·湖北七校高三联考)Puyuan，referred (refer) t as the cuntry’s “knitwear fashin capital”，is nt far frm Xitang.
Ⅱ.语法填空语篇练——动词提示词专练
The rapid expansin f mdern cities ften 1.cmes (cme) at the expense f natural landscapes.As urban areas grw，a significant challenge that 2.is faced (face) by city planners is hw t integrate nature int the cncrete jungle.Green spaces，which are vital fr residents’ well-being，3.are sacrificed (sacrifice) fr new cnstructin prjects，leading t a decline in bidiversity.
T cunteract this trend，many cities have started t implement 4.innvative (innvative) greening strategies.One ppular apprach is the 5.creatin (create) f vertical gardens n skyscrapers，6.transfrming (transfrm) dull building facades int living ecsystems.Anther slutin，7.prpsed (prpse) by envirnmentalists，invlves cnverting abandned industrial sites int public parks.These effrts，aimed 8.t imprve (imprve) the quality f urban life，require cnsiderable investment and lng-term cmmitment.
Fr residents，9.living (live) near a park can be incredibly 10.beneficial (benefit).It prvides a sanctuary fr relaxatin and recreatin，reminding us that even in a bustling metrplis，a cnnectin t nature is essential fr the human spirit.
(二十)语法填空专练1
A
(2025·合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测)A standut traditin in Guangzhu is Yum Cha，1. (literal) meaning “drinking tea.”Yum Cha is mre than just a drink—it’s a kind f scial activity and a distinct characteristic f Lingnan culture，2. (ffer) in family gatherings，business meetings，r casual chats amng friends.
Early-rising 3. (lcal)，especially senirs，usually greet each ther with“Have yu drunk tea？” t start the day.A native saying，“The nly thing 4. can interrupt a Yum Cha gathering is a typhn，” jkingly but vividly 5. (shw) the strng cmmitment f Guangzhu peple t their daily tea traditin.In teahuses r restaurants，peple cme tgether 6. (explre) a wide variety f traditinal bite-sized fds，enjying the scial atmsphere and rich cultural heritage (遗产) that accmpany the meal，which adds 7. tuch f depth and enjyment t the tea gathering.
Over the last ten years，the traditin f Yum Cha 8. (accept) by many yung peple as a way t recnnect with their rts.Mrever，they are innvating n the classic Yum Cha by experimenting 9. lw-sugar，lw-il，and high-fiber dim sum (点心)，using recyclable and ec-friendly tea ware.This 10. (cmbine) f traditin and innvatin helps ensure that Yum Cha culture remains relevant in tday’s fast-paced wrld.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了广州饮茶(Yum Cha)，其既是社交活动又体现了岭南文化。
1.literally 2.ffered 3.lcals 4.that 5.shws 6.t explre 7.a 8.has been accepted 9.with 10.cmbinatin
B
(2025·济南市高三模拟考试)Lndn’s fd scene has witnessed an inrush nt nly f traditinal Cantnese (广东省的) restaurants but als a diverse range f reginal Chinese cuisines.While fr decades Lndn’s Chinatwn has been clsely assciated with classic dishes 1. (rt) in Guangdng Prvince，Lndn’s Chinese fd has expanded far beynd that，reflecting a much 2. (brad) cultural shift.
While Cantnese-centric fferings have laid the fundatin f familiarity with Chinese culinary (烹饪的) culture，the increasing variety makes it 3. big challenge fr restaurants t meet lcal British tastes.T adapt t the trend，they manage t intrduce new dishes and enhance existing nes 4. (cntinuus) fr bettering the menu.Additinally，larger culinary schls cmmit t teaching authentic (真正的) Chinese cking，5. (strengthen) greater appreciatin and mastery f the cuisine.
Htpt，a typical Chinese dish，has taken centre stage in Lndn，described as an “ adventure” 6. the lcals culd enjy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences.Meanwhile，hearty hand-pulled ndles f Xi’an are als making waves，driven by the grwing 7. (present) f Chinese custmers and Lndners’ appetite fr authentic reginal flavrs.
Chen Xin，chief rganizer f the 2024 Lndn Chinese Cuisine Internatinal Develpment Cnventin，8. (emphasize) that Lndn was becming a true glbal centre f Chinese cuisine，staying true 9. ne single missin—prviding Chinese custmers with a taste f hme and shwcasing the depth f Chinese culinary culture t internatinal 10. (diner).
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了伦敦的中国餐饮文化发展，它从传统的广东菜扩展到更多样化的中国地方菜系以更好地满足本地品味。
1.rted 2.brader 3.a 4.cntinuusly
5.strengthening 6.where 7.presence
8.emphasized 9.t 10.diners
试卷
名称
考试
年份
体裁
主题
语境
文章
话题
篇章
词数
考点统计
有提示词
无提示词
谓语动词
非谓语
动词
词性转换
名词的
数或格
代词
比较等级
数词
冠词
介词
并列连词
从句引导词
新课标
Ⅰ卷
2025
说明文
人与
社会
以围棋为灵感
的艺术展览
234
2
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2024
说明文
人与
社会
玻璃温室与
丝路花园
243
1
1
4
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
2023
说明文
人与
社会
小笼包
207
0
4
2
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
新课标
Ⅱ卷
2025
记叙文
人与
自我
从美国到中
国浙江农村
225
1
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2024
说明文
人与
社会
汤显祖与
莎士比亚
212
2
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2023
记叙文
人与
社会
教熊猫管
理员英语
209
1
1
3
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
时态
时间标志词(或时间状语)
一般现在时
every day、always、ften、seldm、smetimes、usually等
一般过去时
yesterday、last night、a few days ag、the ther day等
时态
时间标志词(或时间状语)
一般将来时
tmrrw、next year、in a week等
现在进行时
at present、nw、at this mment等
现在完成时
already、s far、fr＋一段时间、since＋过去时间点、ever since、in the last/past＋一段时间等
过去完成时
by、by the end f、by the time＋过去时间点等
语法一
致原则
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；
2.插入语不影响主谓一致：主语后跟有with，tgether with，alng with，as well as，in additin t，like，but，except，rather than，including等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致；
3.在定语从句中，关系代词that，wh，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致
就近一
致原则
1.主语由r，，，nt (als)...，等连接时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语一致；
2.由there，here引起的句子中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致
意义一
致原则
1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数；指的是不同的人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用复数。
2.动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数
第一步：找出分词的逻辑主语
①作状语→逻辑主语是句子主语
②作定语→逻辑主语是被修饰词
③作表语→逻辑主语是句子主语
④作宾补→逻辑主语是句子宾语
第二步：判断逻辑关系
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义
②在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
enjy，cnsider，escape，include，avid，miss，risk，appreciate，admit，mind，imagine，delay，finish，suggest，deny，practise，excuse，be wrth，insist n，keep n，succeed in，give up，cannt help等
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
hpe/wish/expect，agree/prmise，demand/ask，refuse，manage，learn，decide/determine，pretend，chse/select，plan，ffer，intend，apply，fail，affrd，prepare，desire，happen，aim，wait，threaten等
既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
frget t d sth忘记要去做某事(未做)frget ding sth忘记已经做过某事(已做)
remember t d sth记得将要做某事(未做)remember ding sth记得已经做过某事(已做)
regret t d sth遗憾去做某事(未做)regret ding sth后悔做过某事(已做)
g n t d sth继续做另一件事(对象变了)g n ding sth继续做正在做的事(对象不变)
stp t d sth停下来去做另一件事(对象变了)stp ding sth停止做某事 (对象不变)
can’t help t d sth不能帮助做某事can’t help ding sth情不自禁做某事
mean t d sth打算做某事(未做)mean ding sth意味着做某事 (解释作用)
try t d sth努力做某事(不一定成功)try ding sth尝试做某事 (强调尝试和行动)
只能跟带t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
tell，rder，allw，permit，enable，persuade，frce，warn，encurage，inspire，expect等
疑问词＋不定式结构
“疑问词(what/which/hw/when/where)＋t d”在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语等
介词后作宾语要用动名词
有关介词t的固定短语：
①lk frward t盼望
②get dwn t着手
③be used/accustmed t 习惯于
④stick t坚持
⑤pay attentin t注意
⑥devte/cmmit/apply neself t致力于
⑦bject t反对
⑧be ppsed t反对
⑨When it cmes t 当谈到……
⑩attach imprtance t 重视
with复合结构
①with＋宾语＋t d(未发生)
②with＋宾语＋ding(主动、进行)
③with＋宾语＋dne(被动、完成)
have的固定用法
①have sb/sth ding让某人/某物一直做
②have sth dne让某事被做
③have sb d sth让某人做某事
固定结构中ding
①spend...(in) ding 花费时间做某事
②waste...(in) ding浪费时间做某事
③be busy ding＝be ccupied (in) ding 忙于做某事
④prevent/stp...(frm) ding
阻止某人做某事
⑤have a hard time (in) ding
做某事有困难
⑥have difficulty/truble (in) ding做某事有困难
⑦have fun (in) ding在做某事中获得乐趣
⑧There is n pint/sense (in) ding做……没有用
⑨There is n harm (in) ding
做……没有坏处
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
t d
t be dne
进行式
t be ding
无
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
后缀
示例
-ment
develp→develpment
amaze→amazement
argue→argument
-in
attract→attractin
-atin
expect→expectatin
-s(z)in
cnclude→cnclusin
admit→admissin
-ance
guide→guidance
-ence
exist→existence
-al
arrive→arrival
-ure/-ture
press→pressure
-y
discver→discvery
-age
marry→marriage
后缀
示例
-able
suit→suitable
-ful
dubt→dubtful
-ive
attract→attractive
-ary
imagine→imaginary
-us
cntinue→cntinuus
-ing/-ed
amaze→amazing/amazed