新外研版初中英语八下Unit 5 grammar （课件）

这是一份新外研版初中英语八下Unit 5 grammar （课件），共36页。
第三课时：Understanding ideas(2) : GrammarUnit 5 Looking into naturedinosaurs had feathers.the flower grew here 35 million years ago.this is a new ant species.学习理解应用实践迁移创新eg. I buy a book.主语谓语宾语eg. I help him.主语谓语宾语eg. I stop talking.主语谓语宾语eg. I want to go there.主语谓语宾语n.名词pron.代词V+ing.动名词to+do 不定式简单句有一种句型是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。其中名词、代词、动词的ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。学习理解应用实践迁移创新一· 什么是宾语从句？ I buy a book. I think (that) it is an interesting story.主语谓语宾语动词后： I think (that) it is an interesting story. 置于动词、介词、形容词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句。 简单句复合句介词后： I'm interested in what the story is about.形容词后：I'm happy (that) you like the story. 主语谓语宾语宾语从句【设计意图】引导学生观察例句，比较、总结宾语从句的特点。动词动词宾语宾语从句：放在动词后面作宾语的句子宾语从句宾语从句Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.5However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong.They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago.In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time.Research shows that they are a completely new species.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?Read and find.表示肯定或陈述内容时，用that引导宾语从句。表示“是否”这种不确定的概念时，用if或whether引导宾语从句。Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.宾语从句分三类：that引导的宾语从句1. I hope (that) it will snow this winter.我希望这个冬天会下雪。 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”、“相信”、“知道” 或“说”时，其后面的句子一般用that 引导。that 没有任何词汇意义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语的，多数情况下that可以省略。注意： 并非所有的动词后面都可接that 引导的宾语从句。常接that引导的并于从句的谓语动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等宾语从句分三类：whether/if 引导的宾语从句2. He doesn't know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.3. He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday. 如果我们要表达“他不知道他们周六是否会去种树”，“他问是否我们在周日将会去钓鱼”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用whether或if 来引导，不能用that。注意： 这里有两个引导词，一个是whether， 一个是if, 应如何选择呢？ 在宾语从句中没有or not的情况下，一般来说两个词都可以用。如果从句中有or not的话，一般就要选择whether, 构成 whether...or not的结构。宾语从句分三类：疑问词引导的宾语从句4.They couldn’t believe what they heard on the news. 他们简直不敢相信从新闻中听到的消息。 这类宾语从句用what, when, where, how或why等疑问词引导，这是从句意思表达的需要。 宾语从句的时态1.Do you know why amber can keep ancient insects well?2.We hope that scientists will unlock more secrets of nature.3.The passage tells us that perseverance is the key to scientific research.4.Professor Wang said that he could name a new plant species carefully.5.People thought that the boiling river would be heated by the sun.6.Scientists didn't know if the new ant species came from Africa.7.Our teacher says that curiosity helps one to make great discoveries. Our teacher said/says that modesty helps one to make progress.时态总结：1. 主句一般现在时， _________________ ；（1,2,3） 2. 主句若是过去时， _________________；（4,5,6 ) 3. 宾从表达是真理， _________________。 (7) 从句时态不受限 从句时态变过去 一般现在不用变宾语从句的语序语序总结：_________语序，即________________________的顺序。 陈述 1. People believed that dinosaurs looked like big lizards. 2. I want to know.... Did dinosaurs have feathers? I want to know whether dinosaurs had feathers.主语在前，谓语在后Scientists aren’t sure if / whether there is life in outer space.John told his parents that he wanted to be a scientist and study plants.Emily wants to know if / whether Mr Brown is interested in insects or birds.Connect the sentences with that, if or whether.6Option AScientists aren’t sureJohn told his parentsif / whetherthere is life in outer space.thathe wanted to be a scientist and study plants. if / whetherEmily wants to know一般疑问句，表示“是否”，用if或whether引导肯定句，表示肯定或陈述内容，用that引导一般疑问句，表示“是否”，用if或whether引导一般过去时Mr Brown is interested in insects or birds.Connect the sentences with that, if or whether.6Option BHave you been to the museum to see the planets in the model of the solar system?What are names of the eight planets?学习理解应用实践迁移创新if / whetherthatif / whetherthatthatif / whetherComplete the messages with that, if or whether..7原太阳系第九大行星冥王星 Pluto /ˈpluːtəʊ/ 英 /ˈpluːtoʊ/ 美2006年被划为矮行星（dwarf planet）留言板对话（Message Board ），属于实用交际文体。留言者头像和名字 State a fact→Raise a question→Express confusionDaniel：Prof. Jones： Review the history→ Explain the dispute→ Provide scientific standards→ Draw a conclusion→Further questions are invited.【设计意图】分析文本文体及结构特点，对文本内容进行分析，同时在语境中理解宾语从句的用法。1. What is Daniel’s question on the message board? Daniel saw that the museum missed Pluto in the model of the solar system. He wants to know if / whether this is a mistake.2. Why isn’t Pluto one of the planets in the solar system?In 2006, scientists agreed that a true planet: (1) moves around the sun; (2) is round (or nearly round); (3) can clear things in its way. Pluto doesn’t meet the third point.3. What can you learn from the messages? People's understanding of nature keeps changing.4. What discoveries of nature do you know? Read and answer.【设计意图】借助问题，引导学生对语篇内容进行深入思考，进一步了解自然是在不断地改变，理解自然探索的重要意义，为后面更多的跨学科学习做好知识铺垫。v. 清除跨地理学科：八大行星的中英文名字介绍（选作）地理学科---介绍八大行星位置、特点及其动态公转示意图点击图标，展示太阳系八大行星动态示意图（选作）Inner Planets 类地行星(节选部分)The first four planets from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These inner planets also are known as terrestrial planets because they have solid surfaces.离太阳最近的四颗行星是水星、金星、地球和火星。这些内行星也被称为类地行星，因为它们都有固体表面。跨地理学科学习材料（选作）Step 1: Match the TermsUse the provided images to match the terms to their definitions.? Task : Vocabulary & Classification跨地理学科学习任务单（选作）Step 2: Fill in the TableUse the information from the images to complete the table.They are the four closest to the Sun and have solid, rocky surfaces.They are far from the Sun; Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants with thick hydrogen and helium atmospheres, while Uranus and Neptune are ice giants with thick atmospheres and icy cores.They are round, orbit the Sun, but have not cleared their orbital path.跨地理学科学习任务单（选作）It's an interesting idea that might explain some current mysteries, but direct evidence of another planet has yet to be found.Homework: （跨学科作业）Doing research: Find out more about the Kuiper Belt and other dwarf planets.【设计意图】跨学科作业则帮助学生思考和探索更多关于行星的天体知识。Evaluation跨学科学习过程评价标准：8Work in pairs. Look at the notice and write a short passage about exploring nature. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you.【设计意图】了解写作任务和要求。学习理解应用实践迁移创新写作任务主题 (Topic)Write a short passage about a discovery in nature exploration内容框架 (Content Framework)What the discovery is (发现是什么)Who made the discovery (谁发现的)What’s amazing about it (神奇之处)What you can learn from it (收获/启发)具体要求 (Requirements)语法结构 (Grammar)至少使用2-3个宾语从句：that + if/whether 语篇表达 (Vocabulary)至少复用5个语篇核心表达：Useful Expressions & Key Wordsdiscover, explore, unlock the secrets of, carry out research, put effort intoScientists unlock the secrets of nature through amber.prove that..., help us understand that..., change old beliefs, a window on the pastThe find proves that the flower grew 35 million years ago.believe that..., wonder if/whether..., research shows that...People wondered whether dinosaurs had feathers.Review the text “The secrets caught in time” and get some useful expressions三段式写作框架模板1. 开头引入 (Introduction)I have made a surprising discovery about... It is interesting to find that...By ..., scientists have discovered that ....2. 主体描述 (Body)Scientists believe that... We now know that... The research shows that...3. 总结升华 (Conclusion)In conclusion, it is clear that... This discovery teaches us that ...范文片段示范 (Sample)"After studying whales for years,scientists have found that these sea animals can communicate with each other through special songs.We now understand that their language is far more complex than we thought."1. What is the discovery?For hundreds of years, people believed that...; The discovery of... has changed old beliefs about...; By..., ... found / realised / saw that...; Research shows that...2. Who made the discovery?By..., ... found / realised / saw that...; ... made an amazing discovery.3. What’s amazing about it?It’s amazing that...; What’s amazing is that...; It proves that...; Research shows that...; ... unlock the secrets of nature.4. What can you learn from it?It teaches us that...; I can learn that...; We should put more effort into...Group work. Decide on one discovery and answer the questions. ExampleBy watching and listening carefully, scientists have discovered that whales use these sounds to talk to each other in the ocean.Example In the 1960s, a scientist named Roger Payne studied humpback whales. He made an amazing discovery. Their sounds were special repetitive patterns, just like human songs. His research shows that whale songs can travel very far underwater. Whales use these songs to share information, find food and look for friends. Sometimes, many whales sing the same song, and the song can change over time.ExampleThis discovery teaches us that animals have smart ways to communicate. If we pay attention, we can learn many wonderful things about nature.Write your passage.SampleLet’s check in pairs. Then share in class. 【设计意图】学生通过评价量表进行互评，互相学习，共同提高。（总分：优秀9-10；良好7-8；合格6）Let’s check in pairs. Then share in class. Self-evaluation for the lessonHomework Must-do:Finish the exercise on Mubiao.Finish polishing the passage with the theme of “exploring nature” by using the Object Clause and useful expressions learnt from the reading passage.Choose-to-do:Search more reading materials about nature to further understand the meaning of exploring nature.学习理解应用实践迁移创新拓展资源：填歌词并学唱歌曲--As long as you love me. Although loneliness had always been a friend of mine,I'm leaving my life in your hands,People say I'm crazy that I'm blind,Risking it all in a glance.How you got me blind is still a mystery,I can't get you out of my head.Don't care what is written in your history,As long as you're here with me.I don't care _____ _____ _____,_____ _____ _____ _____,_____ _____ _____.As long as you love me._____ _____ _____,_____ _____ _____ _____,Don't care _____ _____ _____,As long as you love me.……Thanks for your listening!