高考英语二轮-七选五（说明文）：逻辑衔接，复原文章骨架（题型专练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-七选五（说明文）：逻辑衔接，复原文章骨架（题型专练）（全国通用）（教师版），共28页。
题型简介
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
阅读理解七选五的备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
设题类型
在高考英语“七选五”的说明文题型上寻求突破。要攻克这类题目，关键在于掌握两大核心能力：还原文章的宏观结构，以及理清句与句之间的微观逻辑。
把握设题角度：从宏观到微观——“七选五”题型本质上是考查对语篇“骨架”与“脉络”的理解。其设题角度可以分为以下三个层面：
考向1 文章的结构骨架
说明文通常有清晰的整体结构（如总分总、并列、递进），设题时可能抽掉其中承上启下的关键段落或句子。同时，每个段落内部，也遵循着“主题句→展开说明→结论句”的基本结构。考题常会挖去段首的主题句或段尾的结论句，让你去补充。
考向2 段落的逻辑脉络
这是考查最频繁的层面，即句子之间的衔接与连贯。设题点主要分布在以下几种逻辑关系处：
顺承关系：上下文在意义上是延续、并列或递进的，常伴有 and, als, furthermre, mrever, in additin 等信号词。
转折关系：后文突然转向相反或相对的方面，常伴有 but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, instead 等信号词。
因果关系：一句是另一句的原因或结果，常伴有 because, since, as, therefre, thus, s, as a result, cnsequently 等信号词。
例证关系：用具体的例子来解释或证明前面的观点，常伴有 fr example, fr instance, such as, like 等信号词。
指代关系：利用代词（it, they, this, that, these, thse等）或定冠词 the 来指代前文提及的内容，形成衔接。如果选项里包含代词，它的指代对象必须能在前文中明确找到。
考向3词汇的语义粘连
作者会通过词汇的重复、同义替换、反义对比或使用上下义词，来维系文章的连贯性。
原词/同义词复现：相同的词、或其同义词、近义词在上下文不同位置重复出现。
反义词复现：意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。
上下义词复现：上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 furniture），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 chair, table）。
解题思路
考向01：文章的结构骨架 - 解题技巧
此考向考查对文章及段落宏观结构的把握。解题关键在于 “定位空格功能”，即根据空格在文中的位置，判断其应起的作用。
若空格位于段首
功能判断：它通常是该段的主题句，用以概括段落核心思想。
解题技巧：向后看。重点阅读空格后面的句子，这些句子是对主题句的展开、解释或例证。正确选项必须能统领后文，后文内容必须紧紧围绕该选项展开。选项中若出现表示概括、定义的表达（如 In general,..., There are tw main reasns...），需重点考虑。
若空格位于段中
功能判断：它通常起承上启下的作用，是细节逻辑的高发区。
解题技巧：瞻前顾后。精读空格前一句和空格后一句，分析它们之间的逻辑关系（是顺承、转折、因果还是例证）。选择的选项必须能够完美地衔接前后文意，使逻辑流畅。
若空格位于段尾
功能判断：它可能是该段的结论句，也可能是引出下文的过渡句。
解题技巧：向前看。回顾本段主旨。若为结论句，选项应是对本段内容的总结、概括或提出结论，常伴有 Therefre, Thus, In cnclusin, In a wrd 等信号词。若为过渡句，则需与下一段开头有所呼应，为下一段内容做铺垫。
考向02：段落的逻辑脉络 - 解题技巧
此考向考查句与句之间的微观逻辑关系。解题关键在于 “识别逻辑信号”。
识别逻辑关系词
顺承/递进：关注 and, als, furthermre, mrever, in additin, first... secnd... 等。看到这些词，说明上下文是并列或意思递进的关系。
转折/对比：注意 but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, instead, while 等。这些词提示前后文意发生转折或形成对比。
因果：留意 because, since, as, s, therefre, thus, as a result, cnsequently 等。这些词明确指出了原因与结果的关系。
例证：注意 fr example, fr instance, such as, like 等。这些词表明后面是对前面观点的具体举例说明。
关注代词指代
这是一个非常重要的解题线索。留意空格前后出现的代词（如 it, they, this, that, these, thse, such 等）。
如果选项中含有代词，你必须确保其指代的内容在上下文中是明确且单一的。正确选项往往能与上下文中的代词形成合理的指代关系，或者其本身的代词能在上下文中找到指代对象。
考向03 词汇的语义粘连 - 解题技巧
此考向考查通过词汇手段实现的语篇连贯。解题关键在于 “寻找词汇复现”。
原词复现
相同的词汇在上下文不同的位置重复出现。这是最直接、最明显的线索。正确选项中常常会包含与上下文（尤其是空前空后）相同的核心名词、动词或形容词。
同义/近义复现
上下文使用意义相同或相近的词汇。例如，上文中出现 slve，下文中可能出现 deal with 或 address；上文中出现 imprtant，下文中可能出现 significant 或 crucial。解题时需要具备一定的同义词转换意识。
反义复现
意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。例如，上文中出现 advantage，下文中可能出现 disadvantage 或 drawback；easy 对应 difficult。这种对比关系也是重要的衔接手段。
上下义/范畴词复现
上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 vehicle），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 car, bus, bicycle）。或者围绕一个核心话题（如 envirnmental prtectin），会出现一系列相关词汇（如 pllutin, recycle, green energy）。找到这些属于同一语义场的词汇，有助于确定答案。
考向01 文章的结构骨架
【例1-1】（2026届四川省“元三维大联考”高三上学期第一次诊断考试）
Challenging, fun and engaging hbbies have the pwer t make us happier and healthier. 1 Here is hw yu can start and discver things yu dn’t yet knw yu’ll like.
Start small. Ease in t figure ut if it’s right fr yu. Fr instance, sign up fr a ne-time dance class rather than a set f eight. 2 Say yu enjy learning t swim, but the next step is cmpeting, and yu dn’t want t d that. Just stp there — yu have spent enugh f the day pushing yurself.
3 When yu were a kid, what did yu want t be when yu grew up? The answer culd lead yu t an appealing hbby. Revisiting activities yu lved when yu were yung is a really helpful place t start. Thse little things that nce made yu lse track f time ften hld clues t what still excites yu.
Ask yurself hw yu want t feel. 4 They can help yu clear yur mind and relax. Cnsider hw exactly yu want an activity t make yu feel. If yu lng fr a break frm verthinking, knitting culd be a gd chice t relax yu. If yu want t be scially cnnected, jining a bk club can let yu interact with thers and build warm cnnectins.
Keeping an pen mind, even if it desn’t seem yur thing. We’re wired as humans t be curius and pen, but in a very burned-ut wrld, we frget that. S next time smene hands yu a flier r invites yu t tag alng t an event, seize the pprtunity. 5
A．Take a trip back in time.
B．Hbbies present an escape.
C．Think abut yur future career.
D．Plus, they ften fster cnnectins with thers.
E．Yur skills imprve as yu practise new hbbies.
F．It’s als smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit.
G．It culd be smething yu never imagined yu’d lve.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养兴趣爱好的好处，并给出从小事做起、回顾过去等开启新爱好的方法。
1．由上文“Challenging, fun and engaging hbbies have the pwer t make us happier and healthier. (有挑战性、有趣且有吸引力的爱好能让我们更快乐、更健康)”可知，本空应继续说明爱好的好处；下文引出开启爱好的方法，需用过渡句衔接。D选项“Plus, they ften fster cnnectins with thers. (此外，它们还能促进人与人之间的联系)”中“they”指代前文“hbbies”，既补充了爱好的另一好处，又自然过渡到下文，符合题意。故选D。
2．由上文“Start small. Ease in t figure ut if it’s right fr yu. (从小处着手，慢慢尝试判断它是否适合你)”和举例“sign up fr a ne-time dance class rather than a set f eight. (报名一节舞蹈课而不是八节)”可知，本空应围绕“避免过度投入”展开；下文“Just stp there — yu have spent enugh f the day pushing yurself. (到此为止就好 —— 你已经花了足够多时间逼迫自己了)”进一步强调不勉强。F选项“It’s als smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit. (抵制过度投入的压力也是明智的做法)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“When yu were a kid, what did yu want t be when yu grew up? The answer culd lead yu t an appealing hbby. Revisiting activities yu lved when yu were yung is a really helpful place t start.(当你还是个孩子的时候，你长大后想成为什么？答案可能会引导你找到一个吸引人的爱好。重新审视你年轻时喜欢的活动是一个很好的起点)”可知，本空要说跟“回顾过去”有关的话题，A选项“Take a trip back in time.(时光倒流)”能概括下文，说明了要回顾过去，符合题意。故选A。
4．由上文“Ask yurself hw yu want t feel. (问问自己你想拥有怎样的感受)”和下文“They can help yu clear yur mind and relax. (它们能帮你理清思绪、放松身心)”可知，本空应说明爱好能带来的感受或作用；“They”指代本空所提内容。B选项“Hbbies present an escape. (爱好能提供一种解脱)”既呼应“想拥有的感受”，又能被下文“they”指代，符合题意。故选B。
5．由上文“Keeping an pen mind, even if it desn’t seem yur thing. We’re wired as humans t be curius and pen, but in a very burned-ut wrld, we frget that. S next time smene hands yu a flier r invites yu t tag alng t an event, seize the pprtunity. (保持开放的心态，即使它看起来不是你的菜。作为人类，我们天生好奇且开放，但在一个非常疲惫的世界里，我们忘记了这一点。所以下次有人递给你传单或邀请你一起去参加活动时，抓住机会)”可知，本空要说跟“尝试新事物”有关的话题，G选项“It culd be smething yu never imagined yu’d lve.(它可能是你从未想象过你会喜欢的东西)”能承接上文，说明了尝试新事物可能会带来惊喜，符合题意。故选G。
【例1-2】（安徽省江南十校2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）
Every day, we speak t and spend time with the peple wh mean the mst t us. Hwever, think abut hw many peple yu interact with in a typical week are the nes yu wuldn’t cnsider as clse cnnectins. 1 . In scilgy, these are knwn as ur “weak ties”, referred t as such t differentiate them frm ur strng ties, like clse friends and family members.
2 . Fr example, if yu spke abut yur jb hunt t a grup f clse friends, they might nly be aware f the same jb pprtunities as yu because yu mve in the same circles. Hwever, mentining it t an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, cnnects yu t peple utside yur wn scial circle, which can prvide unexpected jb pprtunities.
“Weak ties can serve special functins nt served by clse ties, including prviding access t unique infrmatin and resurces,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished prfessr at Illinis State University. “Additinally, many peple interact with mre weak ties thrughut a day than they d with clse ties. 3 .”
Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health bst. A recent study dne by Sprecher indicated peple with wider cnnectins f weak ties tend t be happier. 4 . They reprted feeling mre happiness and greater feelings f belnging n days when they interacted with mre classmates than usual.
Given they have such a strng impact n ur lives, why nt create weak ties? 5 . Often, this will mean ging utside and speaking t peple, whether it’s thse yu pass in the street, wh serve yu in shps, r with whm yu share a class.
A．The research invlved students
B．Yu find yurself in a better md
C．We just need t engage with ther peple
D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than yu might think
E．This diverse scial netwrk is related with gd health and well-being
F．Fr example, yu chat with the guys wh regularly serve yu at the stre
G．Strng ties tend t frm clsed scial grups with limited new infrmatin
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会学中的“弱连接”概念（指非亲密朋友或家人的人际关系），阐述了其在提供独特信息资源、促进心理健康等方面的作用，并给出建立弱连接的建议。
1．根据上文“Hwever, think abut hw many peple yu interact with in a typical week are the nes yu wuldn’t cnsider as clse cnnectins.(然而，想一想在一个典型的星期里，你与之互动的人中有多少是你认为不亲密的人)”可知，上文提到了你认为不亲密的人，可推理出空白处在举例说明那些不亲密的人，与F项“Fr example, yu chat with the guys wh regularly serve yu at the stre(例如，你和经常在商店为你服务的人聊天)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
2．根据下文“Fr example, if yu spke abut yur jb hunt t a grup f clse friends, they might nly be aware f the same jb pprtunities as yu because yu mve in the same circles. Hwever, mentining it t an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, cnnects yu t peple utside yur wn scial circle, which can prvide unexpected jb pprtunities.(例如，如果你和一群亲密的朋友谈论你的求职，他们可能只知道和你一样的求职机会，因为你们在同一个圈子里。然而，如果你对一个熟人，比如一个经常为你服务的服务员提起这件事，就会把你和你社交圈之外的人联系起来，这可能会提供意想不到的工作机会)”可知，此处是在对比亲密关系和弱连接在信息获取上的不同，与G项“Strng ties tend t frm clsed scial grups with limited new infrmatin(牢固的关系往往形成封闭的社会群体，导致新信息有限)”表达的含义一致，通过对比说明弱连接的优势，故选G项。
3．根据上文““Weak ties can serve special functins nt served by clse ties, including prviding access t unique infrmatin and resurces,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished prfessr at Illinis State University. “Additinally, many peple interact with mre weak ties thrughut a day than they d with clse ties (伊利诺伊州立大学的杰出教授苏珊·斯普雷彻说：“弱连接可以发挥亲密关系无法发挥的特殊功能，包括提供独特的信息和资源。”“此外，许多人一天中与弱连接的互动比与亲密关系的互动更多”)”可知，此处是在说明弱连接的好处，与E项“This diverse scial netwrk is related with gd health and well-being(这种多样化的社交网络与良好的健康和幸福有关)”表达的含义一致，进一步阐述弱连接带来的积极影响，故选E项。
4．根据下文“They reprted feeling mre happiness and greater feelings f belnging n days when they interacted with mre classmates than usual.(他们报告说，在与比平时更多的同学互动的日子里，他们感到更快乐，更有归属感)”可知，此处是在说明研究的对象，与A项“The research invlved students(这项研究涉及学生)”表达的含义一致，引出下文对研究结果的描述，故选A项。
5．根据上文“Given they have such a strng impact n ur lives, why nt create weak ties?(鉴于它们对我们的生活有如此大的影响，为什么不建立弱连接呢？)”以及下文“Often, this will mean ging utside and speaking t peple, whether it’s thse yu pass in the street, wh serve yu in shps, r with whm yu share a class.(通常，这意味着走出去和别人交谈，无论是你在街上遇到的人，在商店里为你服务的人，还是和你一起上课的人)”可知，此处是在说明建立弱连接的方法，与C项“We just need t engage with ther peple(我们仅仅需要和其他人交往即可)”表达的含义一致，承接上文的问题，引出下文具体的做法，故选C项。
解｜题｜技｜巧
文章的结构骨架——解题的关键在于 “定位空格功能”。
一、核心解题技巧：根据位置，判断功能
1. 段首设空：通常考查“主题句”
功能判断：段首句通常是全段的总领句或主题句，用以概括本段的核心思想。
解题技巧：向后看，找主旨。重点阅读空格后面的内容，后文必须是对该句的展开、解释、例证或分解。正确选项必须能高度概括或直接引出后文的内容。
实战应用（例1-2 - 第2空）
位置：段首。分析：空后以“Fr example”开头，举例说明当你向亲密朋友求职时，他们提供的信息有限，而向熟人（弱连接）求助则能获得新机会。这个例子是为了证明一个观点。解题：因此，这个段首句必须是一个能够被此例证证明的概括性观点。G选项“Strng ties tend t frm clsed scial grups with limited new infrmatin”正是这个观点，后文的例子完美地解释了为什么强连接会“信息有限”。这就是典型的“主题句 + 例证”的段落结构。
2. 段中设空：通常考查“承上启下句”
功能判断：段中的句子通常起支撑、转折、递进或举例的作用，是细节逻辑的衔接点。
解题技巧：瞻前顾后，分析逻辑。精读空格前一句和后一句，分析它们之间的逻辑关系（顺承、转折、因果、举例等）。选择的选项必须使前后文意流畅、逻辑通顺。
实战应用（例1-1 - 第2空）
位置：段中。分析：空前讲“从小事做起”，并举例“只报一节舞蹈课”。空后讲“学会停止，不必强迫自己”。解题：空前是“开始”，空后是“停止”，二者看似相反，实则统一于“避免过度投入”这一核心建议。F选项“It’s als smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit.”中的 “als” 承接了上文的建议，“resist... vercmmit” 既总结了前面的“只报一节”（避免开始时就过度），又引出了后面的“适时停止”（避免过程中过度），是完美的承上启下句。
3. 段尾设空：通常考查“结论句”或“过渡句”
功能判断：可能是对本段内容的总结、升华，也可能是为下一段内容做铺垫。
解题技巧：向前看，定结论；向后看，寻呼应。回顾本段主旨，若为结论句，选项应含有总结性信号词（如Therefre, Thus, In a wrd）或是对本段观点的重申。若为过渡句，其内容需与下一段开头存在语义上的关联。
实战应用（例1-1 - 第5空）
位置：段尾，也是全文结尾。分析：前文在倡导“保持开放心态”，并建议“抓住别人给你的机会”。解题：作为结尾句，它需要起到总结升华或给出积极展望的作用。G选项“It culd be smething yu never imagined yu’d lve.” 正是对“保持开放心态”这一建议的美好结果展望，完美收束全段，属于结论句。
注｜意｜事｜项
先整体，后局部：在解题前，花30秒快速浏览全文首段和各段首句，把握文章核心话题（如例1-1：如何开启爱好；例1-2：弱连接的好处）和整体结构（总分、并列等），这对定位段首空尤其有帮助。
严防“以偏概全”：选择段首主题句时，要确保它能覆盖整个段落，而不仅仅是与紧接着的下一句相关。反过来，填入选项后，检查整个段落是否都在支撑这个主题句。
关注“指代”与“复现”的辅助作用：在分析结构时，词汇线索是重要辅助。
例1-1第4空：空后的“They”决定了空格必须是一个复数名词或概念。B选项“Hbbies present an escape.”中的“Hbbies”正好可以被“They”指代，这印证了该选项在结构上作为“被说明对象”的正确性。
例1-2第3空：空前的“mre weak ties”与E选项中的“This diverse scial netwrk”形成同义复现，证明了E选项是对前文现象的总结，符合段尾结论句的特征。
总结：攻克“结构骨架”类题目，本质上是训练一种结构化思维。看到空格，第一反应应是 “它在哪儿？” ，从而推断 “它该做什么？” 。通过大量练习，将“位置-功能”的对应关系内化于心，你就能更快更准地还原文章的骨架。
【变式1-1】（2025届山东省大教育联盟高三下学期质量检测第二次联考英语试题）
It has lng been knwn that sleep als plays a significant rle in physical and emtinal health. Nw, researchers frm the University f Suth Australia have published a new study in the Jurnal f Neurscience. 1 This is gd news fr anyne wh wants t study a freign language.
Accrding t a blg n Everywhere English, there are tw phases that the brain cycles thrugh when sleeping. 2 During this phase, which usually happens abut an hur and a half after a persn has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shws levels that are similar t when that persn is awake. This is when dreams ccur. In nn-REM sleep, brain activity is lw.
3 But in fact, the researchers frm the University f Suth Australia fund that just the ppsite is true.
Accrding t a University f Suth Australia press release, the researchers cnducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half f the students learned the language in the mrning and then went n with their days. 4 This way the researchers culd recrd their brainwaves. Bth grups were tested n their knwledge in the mrning. The grup that had slept sn after they studied perfrmed significantly better than thse wh had nt.
“ 5 It’s an active, transfrmative state fr the brain,” Dr. Sctt Cusins, a researcher at the University f Suth Australia, said in the press release.
A．Sleep is nt just restful.
B．The first is called REM sleep.
C．Is sleep help yu learn language?
D．If yu are active, yu’ll have a gd memry.
E．It investigates the way sleep helps peple learn language.
F．But the ther half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.
G．One may think that memry and learning are gained when the brain is active.
【答案】1．E 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过南澳大利亚大学的研究，揭示了睡眠在语言学习中的关键作用，指出睡眠的REM阶段并非被动休息，而是大脑主动巩固记忆的过程，并通过实验证明睡前学习结合睡眠能显著提升语言学习效果。
1．前文提到“Nw, researchers frm the University f Suth Australia have published a new study in the Jurnal f Neurscience.(现在，来自南澳大利亚大学的研究人员在《神经科学杂志》上发表了一项新研究。)”以及后文“This is gd news fr anyne wh wants t study a freign language.(这对任何想学外语的人来说都是个好消息。)”说明此处需要填入一个研究内容于语言学习相关的选项。E项“It investigates the way sleep helps peple learn language.(该研究阐述了睡眠如何帮助语言学习)”该项提到了研究的内容，即睡眠对于人们语言学习方式的帮助，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。
2．前文提到“Accrding t a blg n Everywhere English, there are tw phases that the brain cycles thrugh when sleeping. (根据Everywhere English的一篇博客，睡眠时大脑会经历两个阶段。)”由此判断，该段介绍了睡眠的两个阶段，后文中“this phase(这个阶段)”应指代第一个阶段，并描述其特点。B项“The first is called REM sleep.(第一个阶段是REM睡眠阶段)”与后文衔接自然，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。
3．后文提到“But in fact, the researchers frm the University f Suth Australia fund that just the ppsite is true.(但事实上，南澳大学的研究人员发现，事实恰恰相反。)”后文提到“事实恰恰相反”，需先引出大众普遍认为的某一观点，与该句形成对比。G项“One may think that memry and learning are gained when the brain is active.(人们可能会认为记忆和学习是在大脑活跃的时候获得的。)”该项与后文形成转折，逻辑合理，符合文意。故选G。
4．前文提到“Half f the students learned the language in the mrning and then went n with their days.(一半的学生在早上学习语言，然后继续他们的日常活动。)”第四段提到分组实验，前文提到“一半学生早上学习”，空处则需填入另一半的对比情况。F项“But the ther half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.(而另一半则在晚上学习，然后在实验室睡觉。)”该项与前文形成完整对照，符合实验设计描述。故选F。
5．后文提到“It’s an active, transfrmative state fr the brain(对大脑来说，这是一种活跃的、变革的状态。)”该段强调“睡眠是大脑的主动转化状态”，空处需填入对睡眠本质的总结。A项“Sleep is nt just restful.(睡眠不仅是休息)”直接呼应后文，点明该段核心观点。符合文意。故选A。
【变式1-2】（2025届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第二次联考英语试题）
Mental resilience (韧性) has becme a vital skill in tday’s fast-paced wrld. 1 Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % mre likely t maintain mental health during lng-term stress. Let’s explre scientific ally prven methds t strengthen this ability.
The Main Idea Explained
Resilience is nt abut reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurbilgical evidence sheds light n this psitively adaptive prcess. 2 Neurscientists (神经学家) cmpare it t muscle training: facing prper challenged regularly imprved mental ability t adjust. Fr instance, A 2023 Harvard study shwed that prper stress increased brain thickness in areas related t making decisins.
Physical Activity as a Fundatin
Exercise is universally recgnized as a key resilience-building tl. During aerbic wrkuts, the bdy prducers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a prtein imprtant fr brain develpment. 3 Meanwhile, this chemical prcess nt nly imprved md but als strengthens mental abilities. T maximize benefits, experts suggest cmbining 30 minutes f daily exercise with relaxatin methds such as deep breathing.
The Pwer f Scial Bnds
Human beings succeed thrugh meaningful cnnectins. Strng scial netwrks act as psychlgical safety nets during c rises. 4 A Stanfrd University study ver many years fund that peple with strng scial supprt recvered 50 % faster frm emtinal difficulties than thse wh were islated. Surprisingly, nline cmmunicatin thrugh vide calls was 80 % as effective as face-t-face meetings in recent tests.
Methds t Change Negative Thughts
Hw we view difficulties shapes ur mental resilience. Psychlgists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” int psitive views such as “This is hard but pssible.” 2022 study fund that daily gratitude practice lwers stress hrmnes by 25 % in three weeks. 5
A．Therefre, building strng cnnectins shuld be a key gal.
B．Creative activities like painting unexpectedly better stress tlerance.
C．Wrkplace culture significantly impacts emplyees’ stress management.
D．This natural prcess helps maintain stable emtins and enhanced clear thinking.
E．Mrever, actively nticing small daily successes helps develp psitive thinking.
F．This psychlgical training strengthens the brain’s ability t handle future challengers.
G．It refers t the ability t recver frm difficulties while keeping basic peratins running.
【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．A 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在当今快节奏的世界中，心理韧性已成为一项至关重要的技能，并探讨了科学证实的增强心理韧性的方法，包括正确理解韧性、进行体育活动、建立社会联系以及改变消极想法等。
1．根据上文“Mental resilience (韧性) has becme a vital skill in tday’s fast-paced wrld. (心理韧性在当今快节奏的世界中已成为一项至关重要的技能)”以及下文“Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % mre likely t maintain mental health during lng-term stress. (研究表明，具有高韧性水平的人在长期压力下保持心理健康的可能性要高出 35%)”可知上文提到了“心理韧性”，下文说的是“心理韧性”的重要性，可推理出空白处需要对“心理韧性”这一概念进行解释说明，与G项“It refers t the ability t recver frm difficulties while keeping basic peratins running. (它指的是在保持基本功能正常运行的同时从困难中恢复的能力)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
2．根据上文“Resilience is nt abut reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurbilgical evidence sheds light n this psitively adaptive prcess. (韧性不是减少压力，而是有效地管理压力。新出现的神经生物学证据揭示了这一积极的适应过程)”以及下文“Neurscientists (神经学家) cmpare it t muscle training: facing prper challenged regularly imprved mental ability t adjust. (神经学家将其比作肌肉训练：定期面对适当的挑战可以提高心理调节能力)”可知，这里阐述的是这种适应过程对大脑能力的积极影响，与F项“This psychlgical training strengthens the brain’s ability t handle future challengers. (这种心理训练增强了大脑处理未来挑战的能力)”表达的意思一致，故选F项。
3．根据上文“During aerbic wrkuts, the bdy prducers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a prtein imprtant fr brain develpment. (在有氧运动中，身体会产生脑源性神经营养因子，这是一种对大脑发育很重要的蛋白质)”以及下文“Meanwhile, this chemical prcess nt nly imprved md but als strengthens mental abilities. (同时，这个化学过程不仅改善了情绪，还增强了心理能力)”可知此处提到了产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程，可推理出空白处应是在说产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程对人的积极的作用，与D项“This natural prcess helps maintain stable emtins and enhanced clear thinking. (这个自然过程有助于保持稳定的情绪并增强清晰的思维)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
4．根据上文“Human beings succeed thrugh meaningful cnnectins. Strng scial netwrks act as psychlgical safety nets during c rises. (人类通过有意义的联系取得成功。强大的社交网络在危机期间充当心理安全网。)”以及下文“A Stanfrd University study ver many years fund that peple with strng scial supprt recvered 50 % faster frm emtinal difficulties than thse wh were islated. (斯坦福大学多年的一项研究发现，有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%)”可知有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%，可推理出此处应是在强调建立强大联系的重要性，与A项“Therefre, building strng cnnectins shuld be a key gal. (因此，建立强大的联系应该是一个关键目标)”表达的意思一致，故选A项。
5．根据上文“Psychlgists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” int psitive views such as “This is hard but pssible.” 2022 study fund that daily gratitude practice lwers stress hrmnes by 25 % in three weeks (心理学家建议将“我无法处理这个问题”等极端消极想法转变为“这很难但有可能”等积极观点。2022年的一项研究发现，每天进行感恩练习可以在三周内将压力荷尔蒙降低 25%)”可知，此处应是在进一步说明培养积极思维的方法，与E项“Mrever, actively nticing small daily successes helps develp psitive thinking. (此外，积极关注日常的小成功有助于培养积极的思维)”表达的含义一致，且“Mrever”进一步递进，符合语境，故选E项。
考向02段落的逻辑脉络
【例2-1】（2025届广东省高三下学期3月综合能力测试（CAT） 英语试题）
Thrughut ur lives, we usually lk fr just ne answer t each questin we encunter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals r what the capital f India is. 1 The “ne-prblem, ne-answer” mindset is deeply rted in hw we think.
But what happens if we’re asked t generate different respnses instead f ne crrect answer? 2 I asked them, “What if there is mre than ne way t recrd the answer t 2+2?” They viced varied answers, such as ½ f 8, hw Lincln began “The Gettysburg Address”, the number f runners n a relay team, and the number fllwing 3, etc. These kids weren’t “bxed in” by the artificial “requirement” f finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a questin beginning with the tw wrds “What if……?” 3
What lies behind the issue then? Ken Rbinsn has bserved that ur educatinal systems ften dn't help students develp their natural creativity. 4 Studies have shwn that teachers claim t value qualities f independent thinking and curisity, yet they reward behavirs f bedience. Thus, a wrkfrce emerges that priritizes cnfrmity(顺从) ver creativity. Simply stated, we tell students t clr inside the lines and then expect adults t think utside the bx.
5 Ask pen-ended questins mre ften t encurage students t explre different ways f thinking. On tp f this, a safe envirnment shuld be created where students feel cmfrtable taking risks and making mistakes. By ding s, students are better equipped t face cmplex prblems with greater flexibility and innvatin in the future.
A．Aviding risks is a natural tendency.
B．Hwever, they have the ptential t succeed.
C．T find ut, I apprached a grup f furth-graders.
D．Instead, they prmte unifrmity and standardizatin.
E．The results, as yu can see, were diverse and inventive.
F．Seldm d we cnsider the pssibility f multiple answers.
G．It’s time t break free frm the “single right answer” mindset.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是原有的唯一正确答案模式禁锢着学生的思维，所以我们应该摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式，多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维模式。
1．根据空前“Thrughut ur lives, we usually lk fr just ne answer t each questin we encunter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals r what the capital f India is.(在我们的一生中，我们通常只为遇到的每个问题寻找一个答案，比如当我们问2+2等于多少或印度的首都是什么时。)”可知此处指出我们通常只为每个问题寻找一个答案，同时列举了2+2等于几或印度的首都是什么的例子，F项Seldm d we cnsider the pssibility f multiple answers.(我们很少考虑多个答案的可能性。)指出对于一个问题我们很少考虑答案的多样性，承接上文，同时与空后“The “ne-prblem, ne-answer” mindset is deeply rted in hw we think.(“一个问题，一个答案”的思维方式深深植根于我们的思维方式。)”构成因果关系，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选F项。
2．根据空前“But what happens if we’re asked t generate different respnses instead f ne crrect answer?(但如果我们被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案，会发生什么呢？)”可知此处提出了如果被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案的情景假设，根据空后“I asked them, “What if there is mre than ne way t recrd the answer t 2+2?”(我问他们：“如果记录2+2答案的方法不止一种呢？”)”可知此处提到了作者向一些人提出了如果记录2+2答案的方法有不止一种的问题，由them知空处应提到这些人是谁，C项T find ut, I apprached a grup f furth-graders.(为了找到答案，我找到了一群四年级学生。)承上启下，引出下文，空后的them指代选项中的a grup f furth-graders，符合上下文语境，故选C项。
3．根据空前“These kids weren’t “bxed in” by the artificial “requirement” f finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a questin beginning with the tw wrds “What if……?”(这些孩子不会被人为的“要求”所“束缚”，只需要找到一个正确的答案。相反，他们被问了一个以“如果……会怎么样？”开头的问题。)”可知此处指出孩子们没有被要求只需要找到一个正确的答案，而是被问了一个“如果……会怎么样？”的问题，孩子们就给出了各种各样的答案，E项The results, as yu can see, were diverse and inventive.(结果，正如你所看到的，是多样化和创造性的。)对上文进行总结，与上文衔接紧密，选项中的The results指的是上文所提到问题的答案，diverse and inventive与本段第一句中的different相互照应，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
4．根据空前“Ken Rbinsn has bserved that ur educatinal systems ften dn’t help students develp their natural creativity.(肯·罗宾逊观察到，我们的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力。)”可知肯·罗宾逊发现我们现有的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力，根据空后“Studies have shwn that teachers claim t value qualities f independent thinking and curisity, yet they reward behavirs f bedience.(研究表明，老师声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们奖励服从的行为。)”可知研究表明我们的老师虽声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们更奖励服从，D项Instead, they prmte unifrmity and standardizatin.(相反，他们提倡统一和标准化。)指出我们现有的教育系统提倡答案的统一和标准化，承接上下，引出下文，选项中的Instead与上文构成转折关系，they指代空前的ur educatinal systems，符合上下文语境，故选D项。
5．空处位于段首，应为主旨句。根据空后“Ask pen-ended questins mre ften t encurage students t explre different ways f thinking. On tp f this, a safe envirnment shuld be created where students feel cmfrtable taking risks and making mistakes. By ding s, students are better equipped t face cmplex prblems with greater flexibility and innvatin in the future.(多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式。最重要的是，应该创造一个安全的环境，让学生敢于冒险和犯错。通过这样做，学生们能够更好地面对复杂的问题，在未来具有更大的灵活性和创新性。)”指出要多问一些开放式的问题并鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式及这样做的意义，换句话说就是我们要摆脱传统的唯一正确答案的模式，G项It’s time t break free frm the “single right answer” mindset.(是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了。)指出是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了，概括全段内容，符合上下文语境，故选G项。
【例2-2】（湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题）
Whether yu like it r nt, fall is here. Sn the weather will get clder. The leaves will die and the nights will stretch lnger than the days. Anther year is dying; that’s just hw it ges.
Studies suggest that if yu are deeply preccupied with yur thughts, in the autumn, yu may be at mre risk fr depressin in the winter. Changing the clcks in the fall is assciated with depressive episdes (changing them back in spring is nt). 1
Psychlgists say that the feelings that ften crp up in autumn cme frm ur discmfrt with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty abut what that change will bring.
2 And f these things the anxiety, the prmise and even the careful thughts — make it the ideal seasn t build resilience and practice mindfulness. Psychlgists have als fund that the thught f change, the ending f ne thing, the beginning f anther, and perhaps ur wn mrtality, underlies a great deal f anxiety. Sme f us struggle with “intlerance f uncertainty,” mre than thers.
But intlerance f uncertainty is a part f being human; everyne has it n sme level. 3 One way t build tlerance is t lean int it — t cultivate uncertainty rather than running away frm it.
4 Quietly sit n a park bench and watch a tree drp its leaves, fr instance, examine the rses in the garden that need pruning ... in such mments, it’s imprtant t stp thinking, analyzing, r having internal cnversatins abut wrk r trubles r even whatever yu are witnessing.
Autumn will prbably hld sme whisper f decay and mrtality. 5 If yu are always trying t avid difficult feelings, yu might end up als cutting yurself ff frm lve, richness and sweetness. Dr. Wilsn said, “this is hw life is: sweet and sad, pured frm the same vessel in equal measure.”
A．And it is changeable.
B．But it is nt that bad.
C．But embracing that sadness is imprtant.
D．Mre recently, it’s becme a time t appreciate ur surrundings.
E．Fall als brings with it bright, briskdays, pumpkin patches and czy sweaters.
F．It is n wnder that the seasn has s many celebratins t attempt t keep ur spirits up.
G．Anther strategy experts suggest fr sthing anxiety is t step back and simply bserve the wrld arund yu.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秋天会出现的情绪波动甚至抑郁，并提出了一些调整方法。
1．根据上文“Studies suggest that if yu are deeply preccupied with yur thughts, in the autumn, yu may be at mre risk fr depressin in the winter. Changing the clcks in the fall is assciated with depressive episdes (changing them back in spring is nt).(研究表明，如果你在秋天被自己的想法深深占据，那么你在冬天患抑郁症的风险可能更大。在秋天调时钟与抑郁发作有关（在春天调时钟则不然）。)”可知，上文解释了选项发生的原因。故F选项“难怪这个季节有这么多的庆祝活动试图让我们振作起来。”切题。故选F项。
2．根据上文“Psychlgists say that the feelings that ften crp up in autumn cme frm ur discmfrt with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty abut what that change will bring.(心理学家说，秋天经常出现的感觉来自于我们对变化的不适，以及对变化会带来什么的焦虑和不确定。)”和下文“And f these things the anxiety, the prmise and even the careful thughts— make it the ideal seasn t build resilience and practice mindfulness.(焦虑，承诺，甚至是仔细的思考，这些都使它成为建立适应力和练习正念的理想季节。)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明情况也没有那么糟糕。故B选项“但也没那么糟糕。”切题。故选B项。
3．根据上文“But intlerance f uncertainty is a part f being human; everyne has it n sme level.(但不能容忍不确定性是人类的一部分；每个人在某种程度上都有这种感觉。)”和下文“One way t build tlerance is t lean int it— t cultivate uncertainty rather than running away frm it.(培养宽容的一种方法是向宽容靠拢——培养不确定性，而不是逃避不确定性。)”可知，选项承接上下文说明上文情况具有变化性。changeable呼应uncertainty。故A选项“而且它是多变的”切题。故选A项。
4．根据下文“Quietly sit n a park bench and watch a tree drp its leaves, fr instance, examine the rses in the garden that need pruning ... in such mments, it’s imprtant t stp thinking, analyzing, r having internal cnversatins abut wrk r trubles r even whatever yu are witnessing.(比如，静静地坐在公园的长椅上，看着一棵树落叶，审视花园里需要修剪的玫瑰……在这样的时刻，重要的是停止思考，分析，或对工作或麻烦甚至你所目睹的任何事情进行内心对话。)”可知，本段主要在说缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。故G选项“专家建议的另一个缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。”切题。故选G项。
5．根据下文“If yu are always trying t avid difficult feelings, yu might end up als cutting yurself ff frm lve, richness and sweetness.(如果你总是试图避免困难的感觉，你可能最终也切断了自己与爱，丰富和甜蜜的联系。)”可知，不能逃避悲伤而是要拥抱悲伤。故C选项“但拥抱悲伤是很重要的”切题，承接下文。故选C项。
解｜题｜技｜巧
段落的逻辑脉络 - 解题技巧与实战应用。此考向的核心是考查句与句之间的微观逻辑衔接。解题的关键在于像侦探一样，识别出连接上下文的“逻辑信号词”和“语义线索”，从而理清思路的流向。
一、核心解题技巧：识别逻辑，理清脉络
1. 识别逻辑关系词，逻辑关系词是解题中最直接、最明显的信号。看到它们，就如同看到了路标。
因果关系
信号词: because, since, as, fr, s, therefre, thus, as a result, cnsequently, hence。
解题思路：明确空缺处是“因”还是“果”。
实战应用（例2-1 - 第1空）分析：空前描述了“我们通常只为每个问题寻找一个答案”的现象。空后说“‘一个问题，一个答案’的思维模式根深蒂固”。解题：空后是“果”，那么空前描述的普遍现象就是“因”。但空格本身是现象的一部分，需要填入一个能强化这个“因”的句子。F项“我们很少考虑多个答案的可能性”是对空前现象的进一步强调，与空后构成了 “现象→结果” 的因果关系。这里的逻辑信号是隐含的，需要通过语义判断。
转折/对比关系
信号词: but, hwever, yet, instead, rather, n the cntrary, cnversely, while, whereas。
解题思路：寻找意义相反或相对的方面。
实战应用（例2-2 - 第2空）分析：空前描述了秋天带来的负面情绪（不适、焦虑、不确定）。空后却说“这些焦虑……使它成为培养韧性的理想季节”。解题：空后开始转向积极面，与空前构成明显的转折。因此，空格需要填入一个承上启下的转折句。B选项“But it is nt that bad.”中的 “But” 是强烈的转折信号，完美地衔接了上下文的情绪转向。
例证关系
信号词: fr example, fr instance, such as, like, an example。
解题思路：空格前后通常呈现“总述—举例”或“举例—总结”的关系。
实战应用（例2-1 - 第2空）分析：空前提出一个假设性问题“但如果要求给出不同答案会怎样？”。空后立即以“我问他们...”开始，并给出了具体对话内容。解题：空后是一个具体的例子。因此，空格需要填入一个能引出该例子的句子。C选项“T find ut, I apprached a grup f furth-graders.” 正是为了回答前面的问题而采取的具体行动，起到了“总起事例”的作用，其中的 “them” 也完美地被空后的 “They” 所指代。
顺承/递进关系
信号词: and, als, furthermre, mrever, in additin, what’s mre, then。
解题思路：上下文在意义上是延续、并列或递进的。
实战应用（例2-2 - 第4空）分析：空前在介绍一种缓解焦虑的方法（培养不确定性）。空后开始描述另一种具体做法（静静地坐着观察）。
解题：空后的内容是与前文方法并列的另一种策略。G选项“Anther strategy experts suggest...” 中的 “Anther” 是典型的递进/并列信号词，清楚地表明这是在原有基础上增加新的方法。
2. 关注代词指代——代词是维系逻辑连贯的生命线。如果选项中含有代词，其指代内容必须在上下文中明确无误。
实战应用（例2-1 - 第3空）
分析：空前详细描述了孩子们在“What if”问题下给出的各种富有创意的答案。
解题：E选项“The results, as yu can see, were diverse and inventive.” 中的 “The results” 精准地指代了前文孩子们给出的所有答案。这个选项起到了总结前述例子的作用，没有这个指代，逻辑链就不完整。
注｜意｜事｜项
逻辑信号词是“路标”，但需结合语义：找到路标后，一定要确认前后句的语义关系是否与该路标指示的逻辑一致。例如，看到 but，就要确认前后是否真的存在对比或转折。
警惕“隐性逻辑”：并非所有逻辑关系都有明显的信号词。很多时候需要依靠语义进行判断，如例2-1的第1空是“因果”，例2-2的第5空是“转折”（通过下文“避免...会切断...”反推“拥抱...是重要的”）。这时，仔细体会上下文的语气和情感走向至关重要。
确保指代明确：当选项中含有代词（it, they, this, that, these, the results等）时，必须在空前或空后找到其确切的指代对象。指代模糊的选项通常是干扰项。
遵循“就近原则”：在分析逻辑时，优先考虑与空格紧邻的句子。通常情况下，最直接的逻辑关系存在于空格的前一句和后一句之间。
【变式2-1】（2024届广东省高三下学期二模英语试题）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) gelcatin (互联网定位技术) slutins are changing the way researchers track and mnitr wildlife, enabling mre pwerful cnservatin effrts. These systems use advanced sensrs, satellite imagery, and machine learning algrithms (算法) t gather real-time data n animal mvements, habitat preferences, and migratin patterns. 1
Traditinal tracking methds ften rely n nn-autmatic tracking r incnvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discmfrt t the animals. 2 The devices can wrk as tags and the camera traps can be set up remtely, which decreases human impact n wildlife.
In additin, AI-pwered devices cllect and analyze data precisely. Thrugh their assistance, scientists can gain insights int habitat chices and evaluate the effect f glbal warming n wild animal lcatins. 3 Fr example, by analyzing the cllected data, cnservatinists can prmte targeted habitat restratin effrts accrding t the patterns and cnnectins they discvered with the help f AI gelcatin devices.
4 By mnitring animals’ behaviral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs f envirnmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s mvements culd indicate threats r prblems. Researchers can then respnd immediately, ptentially saving the animal’s life.
Sharing gelcatin data thrugh nline platfrms can als help raise awareness abut prtecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel mre cnnected t the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bnd prmtes a sense f respnsibility amng individuals and encurages them t cntribute t wildlife cnservatin effrts thrugh varius means, such as dnatins, vlunteer wrk, and s n.
A．This knwledge enables them t make accurate and efficient decisins.
B．Hwever, AI tracking des nt require disturbing cntact with the animals.
C．AI mnitring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditinal methds.
D．The slutins have ffered the fllwing key benefits t wildlife cnservatin.
E．Directly engaging with cnservatin effrts gives peple a first-hand experience.
F．The AI gelcatin technlgy significantly reduces the need fr massive fieldwrk.
G．With real-time data, the AI slutins als functin as an early warning fr wildlife risks.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能定位技术如何改变研究人员追踪和监控野生动物的方式，使保护工作更加有力。这些系统利用先进的传感器、卫星图像和机器学习算法收集有关动物运动、栖息地偏好和迁徙模式的实时数据。
1．根据上文“Artificial Intelligence(AI) gelcatin(互联网定位技术) slutins are changing the way researchers track and mnitr wildlife, enabling mre pwerful cnservatin effrts.(人工智能地理定位技术解决方案正在改变研究人员跟踪和监测野生动物的方式，使更有力的保护工作成为可能。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案对野生动物保护有很大的帮助，D 选项“The slutins have ffered the fllwing key benefits t wildlife cnservatin(这些解决方案为野生动物保护提供了以下关键好处)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选D。
2．根据上文“Traditinal tracking methds ften rely n nn-autmatic tracking r incnvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discmfrt t the animals.(传统的追踪方法通常依赖于非自动追踪或不方便的项链式系统，这可能会给动物带来压力和不适。)”可知，传统追踪方法会给动物带来压力和不适，B 选项“Hwever, AI tracking des nt require disturbing cntact with the animals(然而，人工智能追踪不需要与动物进行干扰性接触)”与上文形成转折，符合语境。故选B。
3．根据上文“Thrugh their assistance, scientists can gain insights int habitat chices and evaluate the effect f glbal warming n wild animal lcatins.(通过它们的帮助，科学家可以深入了解栖息地的选择，并评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以帮助科学家评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响，A 选项“This knwledge enables them t make accurate and efficient decisins(这些知识使他们能够做出准确和有效的决定)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选A。
4．根据下文“By mnitring animals’ behaviral changes in real-time,researchers can quickly detect signs f envirnmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal's mvements culd indicate threats r prblems. Researchers can then respnd immediately, ptentially saving the animal's life.(通过实时监测动物的行为变化，研究人员可以快速发现环境问题的迹象。动物运动的突然变化可能表明存在威胁或问题。研究人员可以立即做出反应，有可能挽救动物的生命。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以实时监测动物的行为变化，对野生动物面临的风险起到预警作用，G 选项“With real-time data, the AI slutins als functin as an early warning fr wildlife risks(通过实时数据，人工智能解决方案还可以作为野生动物风险的预警系统)”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据上文“Sharing gelcatin data thrugh nline platfrms can als help raise awareness abut prtecting endangered species.(通过在线平台共享地理位置数据也有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识。)”可知，共享地理位置数据有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识，E 选项“Directly engaging with cnservatin effrts gives peple a first-hand experience(直接参与保护工作能让人们获得第一手经验)”是对上文的进一步解释，符合语境。故选E。
【变式2-2】（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题）
Hw t prtect yur privacy when yu travel
It hasn’t been an easy year fr the privacy f travelers, at least s far. Data leaks, surveillance (监视) wrries and thse trublesme cameras in airplane seatbacks and htel rms are enugh t make passengers anxius. 1 Frtunately, there are ways t safeguard yur privacy n land and in the air. These tips can help yu deal with these trubles.
2 “It’s nt clever t declare n Facebk that yu’re travelling t smewhere, reminding a wide range f peple that yur prperty is sitting empty,” says Danny McLughlin. “That puts yur security at risk.” Wait until yu return t start psting vacatin phts.
Sme hmewners renting their residences may install security cameras. Travelers shuld find ut if the hsts are required t disclse the presence f surveillance devices. If the rental cmes with cameras, ensure they aren’t in a sensitive area by cnducting a careful sweep. 3
Althugh yu can’t cntrl hw a htel r airline handles—r mishandles—yur data, yu can take reasnable steps t ensure the infrmatin it has wn’t get yu int truble. 4 But sme f the wrst data leaks happen when yu’re staying at a htel. Fr example, a htel clerk smetimes asks fr yur name and then annunces yur rm number after yu’ve checked in. Yu’re better ff handing the emplyee yur ID when he r she asks fr yur name and asking him/her t write yur rm number n a piece f paper. Why? 5 Just t be sure, never leave the custmer cpy behind. Yu can destry it later, but keep it under yur cntrl.
A．It’s never been better.
B．Perhaps they shuldn’t be.
C．Never bradcast yur jurney n scial media.
D．There are ther peple n the ther side f the wall.
E．Hwever, travelers are nt pwerless against these threats.
F．Sme travelers nly ffer the bare minimum, such as a instead f a hme address.
G．Reprt anything dubtful t the hst immediately—and if yu dn’t like what yu hear, leave.
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了旅行中如何保护个人隐私的问题，提供了一系列实用的建议和措施来应对隐私泄露的风险。
1．根据上文“Data leaks, surveillance(监视) wrries and thse trublesme cameras in airplane seatbacks and htel rms are enugh t make passengers anxius.(数据泄露、对监视的担忧，以及飞机座椅靠背和酒店房间里那些令人讨厌的摄像头，这些都足以让旅客感到焦虑。)”可知，上文提到旅行者面临数据泄露等问题感到焦虑；而下文“Frtunately, there are ways t safeguard yur privacy n land and in the air.(幸运的是，无论是在陆地上还是在空中，都有一些方法可以保护你的隐私。)”则指出有办法保护隐私。选项E“Hwever, travelers are nt pwerless against these threats.(然而，旅行者并非对这些威胁无能为力。)”起到承上启下的作用，说明尽管有问题，但旅行者可以采取措施。故选E。
2．根据下文““It’s nt clever t declare n Facebk that yu’re travelling t smewhere, reminding a wide range f peple that yur prperty is sitting empty,” says Danny McLughlin. “That puts yur security at risk.” Wait until yu return t start psting vacatin phts. (Danny McLughlin说：“在脸书上宣布你要去某个地方旅行可不是明智之举，这会提醒很多人你的房子正空着，这会让你的安全面临风险。”等到你回来之后再开始发布度假照片吧。)”可知，下文提到不要在脸书上宣布自己去旅行了，等回来再发照片，可知此段讲的是不要在社交媒体上公布自己的旅行信息。选项C“Never bradcast yur jurney n scial media.(永远不要在社交媒体上公布你的行程。)”与本段内容相符，符合语境。故选C。
3．根据上文“Sme hmewners renting their residences may install security cameras. Travelers shuld find ut if the hsts are required t disclse the presence f surveillance devices. If the rental cmes with cameras, ensure they aren’t in a sensitive area by cnducting a careful sweep.(一些出租房屋的房主可能会安装安全摄像头。旅行者应该了解房东是否被要求告知是否存在监控设备。如果租的房子配有摄像头，要通过仔细检查确保它们不在敏感区域。)”可知，上文讲述的是租房时遇到摄像头的情况。选项G“Reprt anything dubtful t the hst immediately—and if yu dn’t like what yu hear, leave.(如果有任何可疑情况，立即向房东报告——如果你对听到的解释不满意，就离开。)”是对发现问题后的处理建议，符合上下文逻辑。故选G。
4．根据上文“Althugh yu can’t cntrl hw a htel r airline handles—r mishandles—yur data, yu can take reasnable steps t ensure the infrmatin it has wn’t get yu int truble.(虽然你无法控制酒店或航空公司如何处理——或错误处理——你的数据，但你可以采取合理的措施，确保他们所掌握的信息不会给你带来麻烦。)”可知，上文说要采取合理措施确保信息安全。选项F“Sme travelers nly ffer the bare minimum, such as a instead f a hme address.(一些旅行者只提供最基本的信息，比如用邮政信箱代替家庭住址。)”自然延续上文内容，指出具体的保护隐私的做法。故选F。
5．根据上文“Fr example, a htel clerk smetimes asks fr yur name and then annunces yur rm number after yu’ve checked in. Yu’re better ff handing the emplyee yur ID when he r she asks fr yur name and asking him/her t write yur rm number n a piece f paper. Why?(例如，酒店职员有时会询问你的姓名，然后在你办理入住手续后公布你的房间号。当职员询问你的姓名时，你最好把身份证递给他或她，并让他或她把你的房间号写在一张纸上。为什么呢？)”可知，上文提问为什么要让员工把房间号写在纸上。选项D“There are ther peple n the ther side f the wall.(墙的另一边可能还有其他人在听呢。)”解释了原因，即防止别人听到房间号，保障隐私。故选D。
考向03词汇的语义粘连
【例3-1】（2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班5月高考适应性监测）
While mst f us wrk hard t shine at the presentatins and speeches we can prepare fr, we may find imprmptu (即兴的) cmmunicatin scary. Actually, yu just need t learn specific skills t cmmunicate effectively when put n the spt. Here are a few pinters.
1 What d yu want yur audience t knw? Hw d yu want them t feel, and what d yu want them t d? Having a clear bjective paired with an awareness f yur audience will narrw yur fcus. Then yu can priritize what t say and chse yur exact wrds mre wisely.
Organize Yur Thughts. When making frmal presentatins, mst peple give a lgical structure that audiences can easily fllw. But few f us adequately rganize thughts in imprmptu situatins. 2 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints, ideas, fr example.
Listen as well as yu talk. 3 Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening s that yu can better understand the in-the-mment needs and interests f yur cnversatin partners and respnd mre effectively. Paraphrasing r asking pen-ended fllw-up questins can help cnfirm yur understanding and prvide extra time t think abut yur respnse.
Dare t be dull. Dn’t feel yu need t give a standut perfrmance. One ppular saying applies here, “ 4 ” Listeners are mre likely t trust and apprve f yu when yu speak like a human being rather than an actr r a rbt. Research shws that the mst effective speech includes mderate use f fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real prblem in imprmptu cmmunicatin isn’t an inability t cmmunicate. 5 Frtunately, a measure f experimentatin thught, and practice f the skills can make imprmptu speaking pprtunities yur time t shine.
A．Identify a cmmunicatin gal.
B．He knws mst wh speaks least.
C．Dn’t let the perfect be the enemy f the gd.
D．It’s being s nervus that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impssible t d s n the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement.
G．Mst peple bsess ver what t say during imprmptu encunters.
【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况下有效沟通。
1．下文“Having a clear bjective paired with an awareness f yur audience will narrw yur fcus. (拥有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a cmmunicatin gal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中的关键词gal和本段相符，故选A。
2．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints, ideas, fr example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此F项“A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。
3．下文“Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening s that yu can better understand the in-the-mment needs and interests f yur cnversatin partners and respnd mre effectively. (你应该做相反的事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Mst peple bsess ver what t say during imprmptu encunters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的d the ppsite逻辑相符，故选G。
4．下文“Listeners are mre likely t trust and apprve f yu when yu speak like a human being rather than an actr r a rbt. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一些小错误，因此C项“Dn’t let the perfect be the enemy f the gd. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下文相一致，故选C。
5．下文“Frtunately, a measure f experimentatin thught, and practice f the skills can make imprmptu speaking pprtunities yur time t shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，因此D项“It’s being s nervus that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。
【例3-2】（山东省泰安市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
A Cmmunity Garden Brings Peple Tgether
Tired f the dull gray f the city, sme residents in ur cmmunity decided t take actin. They transfrmed an empty lt int a vibrant garden. 1 It is a place where peple cnnect with nature and each ther.
The garden is divided int small plts. Families and individuals can apply t grw their wn vegetables and flwers. 2 “I never thught I’d enjy getting my hands dirty s much,” said Mr. Davis, a retired teacher. “Seeing the seeds I planted grw int healthy plants gives me a great sense f achievement.”
3 Every Sunday mrning, yu can see neighbrs watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially lve t help, learning where their fd cmes frm. The garden has becme an utdr classrm fr them.
The benefits g beynd fresh prduce. 4 Peple wh used t be strangers nw stp t chat. The garden hsts parties, like a harvest festival in the autumn, which strengthens the cmmunity bnd.
“This garden is mre than just a piece f land,” said Mrs. Chen, ne f the funders. “It’s a symbl f hpe and cperatin.” 5 Indeed, the prject shws hw a small idea can grw int smething that truly enriches everyne’s life.
A．Fr many, it’s the first time they have experienced the jy f gardening.
B．Hwever, maintaining the public areas is a shared respnsibility.
C．But this garden is much mre than just a surce f fd and beauty.
D．It has als becme a pwerful tl fr building friendships.
E．The prject has encuraged a spirit f teamwrk amng residents.
F．Sme even vlunteer t take care f the cmmn areas.
G．We hpe it will inspire ther cmmunities t start their wn prjects.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个社区花园如何将人们聚集在一起。
1．上文“Tired f the dull gray f the city, sme residents in ur cmmunity decided t take actin. They transfrmed an empty lt int a vibrant garden. (厌倦了城市单调的灰色，我们社区的一些居民决定采取行动。他们把一块空地变成了一个生机勃勃的花园。)”说明居民们把空地变成了花园，下文“It is a place where peple cnnect with nature and each ther. (这是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方。)”说明花园是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方，由此可知，空处应该是一个过渡句，说明花园不仅仅是一个提供食物和美丽的地方，还有更多的意义。选项C“但这个花园不仅仅是一个食物和美丽的来源。”符合语境。故选C。
2．下文“I never thught I’d enjy getting my hands dirty s much. (我从没想过我会这么喜欢弄脏我的手。)”说明说话者之前没有体验过园艺的乐趣，现在却很喜欢，空处应该提到许多人是第一次体验园艺。选项A“对许多人来说，这是他们第一次体验到园艺的乐趣。”符合语境，进一步说明了许多人第一次体验园艺的乐趣。故选A。
3．下文“Every Sunday mrning, yu can see neighbrs watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially lve t help, learning where their fd cmes frm. The garden has becme an utdr classrm fr them.(每个星期天早上，你都可以看到邻居们在浇花、拔草、分享园艺技巧。孩子们尤其喜欢帮忙，他们借此了解食物的来源。这个花园已经成为了他们的一间户外课堂。)”说明邻居们在这个花园里一起劳作，共同维护花园，空处应该提到维护花园是共同的责任。选项B“然而，维护公共区域是共同的责任。”符合语境，进一步强调了维护花园是共同的责任。故选B。
4．下文“Peple wh used t be strangers nw stp t chat. (过去是陌生人的人现在会停下来聊天。)”说明花园促进了人们之间的交流，空处应该提到花园在建立友谊方面的作用。选项D“它也成为建立友谊的有力工具。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园在建立友谊方面的作用。故选D。
5．上文““This garden is mre than just a piece f land,” said Mrs. Chen, ne f the funders. “It’s a symbl f hpe and cperatin” (“这个花园不仅仅是一块土地，”创始人之一的陈太太说，“它是希望和合作的象征”)”说明花园是希望和合作的象征，空处应该进一步说明花园的意义或影响。选项G“我们希望它能激励其他社区开始他们自己的项目。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园的意义和影响。故选G。
解｜题｜技｜巧
词汇的语义粘连 - 此考向的核心是考查通过词汇手段（而非语法或逻辑连接词）实现的语篇连贯。解题的关键在于像侦探一样，寻找上下文之间在词汇上的“呼应”与“共鸣”，这些词汇线索如同散落的珍珠，能将语义串联起来。
一、核心解题技巧：寻找词汇复现与同范畴词
1. 原词复现——这是最直接、最有力的粘连方式。相同的词汇在上下文不同的位置重复出现。
实战应用（例3-1 - 第1空）分析：本段第二句和第三句连续出现 “bjective”, “what t say”, “chse yur exact wrds”。解题：这些词汇都围绕一个核心概念：沟通的目标和内容。A选项 “Identify a cmmunicatin gal.” 中的 “gal” 与下文的 “bjective” 是典型的同义复现，同时 “cmmunicatin” 原词出现，与本段核心话题高度一致。这使得A选项成为本段当之无愧的主题句。
2. 同义/近义复现——上下文使用意义相同或相近的词汇。这比原词复现更灵活，也更为常见。
实战应用（例3-1 - 第2空）分析：本段核心话题是 “Organize Yur Thughts” 和 “lgical structure”。空后提到 “demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints”。解题：F选项 “A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement.” 中的 “structure” 与前文的 “lgical structure” 是原词复现，而 “engagement” (参与度) 与空后的 “maintain audience interest” (保持听众兴趣) 构成了精彩的同义复现。这种双重粘连，极大地锁定了正确答案。
3. 上下义/范畴词复现——上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词），下文出现其具体类别或组成部分（下义词），或者围绕一个核心话题出现一系列相关词汇。
实战应用（例3-2 - 第1空）分析：上文说把空地变成了 “a vibrant garden”。下文说它是人们与自然和彼此 “cnnect” 的地方。解题：C选项 “But this garden is much mre than just a surce f fd and beauty.” 中的 “garden” 是原词复现，而 “fd and beauty” 是花园所能提供的具体功能（下义词），与下文的抽象意义 “cnnect” 形成对比，用 “mre than” 引出花园更深层的价值，完美衔接。
4. 反义复现
意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比，从而强化语义关联。
实战应用（例3-1 - 第3空）分析：空后提出 “Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening”。解题： “ppsite” (相反) 是一个强烈的反义信号。那么，空格处必须描述一种与 “listening” 相反的行为。G选项 “Mst peple bsess ver what t say...” 中的 “what t say” (说什么) 正与 “listening” (倾听) 构成反义复现，明确了 “ppsite” 所指代的对象。
注｜意｜事｜项
核心词原则：在分析选项和上下文时，要迅速抓住并圈出各句的核心实词（名词、动词、形容词），尤其是那些与文章主线密切相关的词汇。这些词是语义粘连的锚点。
“粘连网络”而非“单一对应”：一个正确的选项，往往与上下文存在多处词汇粘连（如例3-1的第2空，同时有原词复现和同义复现）。不要仅仅因为一个词对应就匆忙下结论，要寻找更强的证据网络。
结合逻辑与结构：词汇粘连是强大的工具，但不能脱离逻辑和结构孤立使用。例如，在例3-2的第3空，B选项中的 “public areas” 与下文的 “watering plants, pulling weeds” 构成范畴对应，但选项中的 “Hwever” 和 “shared respnsibility” 则同时体现了逻辑转折和段落主旨，需要结合判断。
警惕“伪复现”：干扰项可能会使用文章中出现过的词汇，但其核心语义与上下文不符。因此，在找到复现词后，一定要通读语句，确保整体意思连贯，而不仅仅是词汇的简单匹配。
【变式3-1】（江苏省连云港市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
The Surprising Benefits f Adding Adventure t Yur Life
When feeling blue, the thught f intense physical activity may seem like the wrst idea. All yu want t d is sit and maybe watch TV. 1
Research by J. Reese McLain (2025) shws adventure therapy (AT) is being used t treat psychlgical disrders. Defined as the structured use f adventure experiences in nature led by prfessinals, AT can include practices such as wilderness therapy and activities like kayaking r rck climbing. 2 The less adventurus r physically fit culd still benefit as lng as they’re getting utside and being as active as their abilities permit.
3 Thrugh a cmprehensive analysis f ver 73,000 publicatins, researchers identified 12 quality studies invlving mre than 2,000 participants with anxiety symptms. The results shwed that 90% f participants experienced measurable benefits. N negative effects were reprted — even with adults averaging 43 years ld.
Several psychlgical prcesses explain why adventure therapy wrks. One is grunded in existential therapy, which emphasizes persnal respnsibility when facing utdr challenges. 4 It suggests that by vercming physical challenges, individuals can build their cnfidence. Additinally, the team building and friendship develped when tackling difficult gals can help create a greater sense f cnnectedness.
Yu dn’t need t g kayaking t benefit. Outdr activities can take many frms, frm spending an hur pulling up weeds r planting flwers t using yur lunch break t visit a lcal park. 5 When yu cmbine that with enjying the weather r scenery, yu might be ding yur mind a favr alng with yur bdy.
A．Adlerian thery ffers anther explanatin.
B．Psitive effects were seen even in 2-1/2 hurs.
C．These are tailred t individual needs and abilities.
D．It als strengthens their bnd with the natural wrld.
E．The research evidence supprting AT’s effectiveness is cnvincing.
F．Physical activity alne is a valuable additin t cnventinal therapy.
G．Yet research suggests that utdr activity culd be exactly what yu need.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了将冒险活动融入生活可以带来诸多益处，冒险疗法被用于治疗心理疾病，且效果显著，同时介绍了冒险疗法起作用的心理机制，并指出户外活动形式多样，有益身心。
1．由上文“When feeling blue, the thught f intense physical activity may seem like the wrst idea. All yu want t d is sit and maybe watch TV. (当情绪低落时，进行剧烈的体育活动似乎是最糟糕的想法。你只想坐着，也许看看电视)”可知，人们在心情不好时通常不愿动。下文则要引出相反的观点或转折。G项“Yet research suggests that utdr activity culd be exactly what yu need. (然而研究表明，户外活动可能正是你需要的)”中的“Yet”与上文形成鲜明对比和转折，“utdr activity”引出下文主题，且“exactly what yu need”直接反驳了上文的消极想法。故选G。
2．由上文“Research by J. Reese McLain (2025) shws adventure therapy (AT) is being used t treat psychlgical disrders. Defined as the structured use f adventure experiences in nature led by prfessinals, AT can include practices such as wilderness therapy and activities like kayaking r rck climbing. (J. Reese McLain（2025）的研究表明，冒险疗法（AT）正被用于治疗心理障碍。AT被定义为在专业人士的带领下，在大自然中有组织地进行冒险体验，包括野外治疗和皮划艇或攀岩等活动)”可知，本段在介绍AT的定义和形式。C项“These are tailred t individual needs and abilities. (这些是根据个人需求和能力量身定制的)”中的“These”指代上文提到的各种AT活动，说明其个性化特点，能很好地衔接上文，并为下一句“The less adventurus r physically fit culd still benefit... (不太喜欢冒险或身体素质较差的人仍然可以从中受益……)”提供了依据，即因为活动是可调整的，所以不同能力的人都能参与。故选C。
3．由下文“Thrugh a cmprehensive analysis f ver 73,000 publicatins, researchers identified 12 quality studies invlving mre than 2,000 participants with anxiety symptms. (通过对超过73,000篇出版物的综合分析，研究人员确定了12项高质量研究，涉及2000多名有焦虑症状的参与者)”可知，本段的核心是引用具体的研究数据来证明AT的效果。E项“The research evidence supprting AT’s effectiveness is cnvincing. (支持AT有效性的研究证据是令人信服的)”是一个总结性的观点句，完美地概括了下文即将展开的实证研究内容，起到了引领段落的作用。故选E。
4．由上文“One is grunded in existential therapy, which emphasizes persnal respnsibility when facing utdr challenges. (一种基于存在主义疗法，强调在面对户外挑战时的个人责任)”可知，此处正在解释AT起效的一种心理学理论。A项“Adlerian thery ffers anther explanatin. (阿德勒理论提供了另一种解释)”中的“anther”与上文的“ne”相呼应，表明接下来将介绍第二种不同的理论，逻辑连贯，结构清晰。故选A。
5．由上文“Yu dn’t need t g kayaking t benefit. Outdr activities can take many frms, frm spending an hur pulling up weeds r planting flwers t using yur lunch break t visit a lcal park. (你不需要去划皮划艇来受益。户外活动可以有多种形式，从花一个小时拔草或种花到利用午休时间去当地的公园。)”可知，任何简单的户外体力活动都是有益的。F项“Physical activity alne is a valuable additin t cnventinal therapy. (仅凭体力活动本身就是对传统疗法的宝贵补充)”总结了这类简单体力活动的价值，与上文列举的例子紧密相关，并通过“additin t cnventinal therapy”呼应了文章开头提到的心理健康治疗主题。故选F。
【变式3-2】（福建省福州第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
Oceans are an appealing target fr renewable energy prductin. Waves prduce 32,000 terawatt-hurs f natural energy per year — by cmparisn, the entire wrld uses arund 23,000 terawatt-hurs f energy every year.
The advantages f wave pwer are clear. 1 Turbines prduce electricity thrugh the pwer f waves, making them a cmpletely pllutin-free, renewable energy surce. And the amunt f kinetic energy in a wave is s huge that the energy is used t prduce electricity. There is als a lt f ptential because many cuntries have access t an cean that can help pwer their electricity system. Als, waves are hardly interrupted and almst always n the mve. 2
But the disadvantages f wave energy are serius t. Building factries r installing electrical wires directly n the beach might prve challenging. 3 Lcal fishing znes culd be affected r the factries culd lead t mre castal ersin. High csts are a prblem t. Wave pwer is a rising energy technlgy in the early stages f develpment, s calculating the csts is difficult. 4 Because cnstant mvement can lead t mre damage, wave energy factries will mst likely need regular and cstly maintenance.
5 Fr many cean-brdering cuntries, wave energy will be a great additin t the renewable energy mix. The bttm line is that wave pwer has enrmus glbal ptential. Hwever, the industry needs mre funding and research t finalize the technlgies invlved s that cuntries can begin adding wave energy t their renewable energy surce list.
A．Wave energy still needs t be explred.
B．They are nt affrdable t many cuntries.
C．Despite the challenges, there is a future f wave energy.
D．Wave energy des nt give ff greenhuse gases when prduced.
E．They can cause damage t sea life and the surrunding ecsystems.
F．Maintenance f the factries in mving saltwater is very expensive.
G．This makes electricity frm wave energy a mre reliable energy surce.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．E 4．F 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了海浪能作为可再生能源的优缺点及发展潜力。
1．前文提到“The advantages f wave pwer are clear. (海浪能的优势很明显)”，空处应是对其优势的具体说明。D选项“Wave energy des nt give ff greenhuse gases when prduced. (海浪能在产生过程中不会排放温室气体)”体现了其环保的优势，符合语境。故选D项。
2．前文提到“Als, waves are hardly interrupted and almst always n the mve. (而且，海浪几乎不会中断，几乎一直处于运动状态)”，空处是对这一特点的进一步推导，需承接前文。G选项“This makes electricity frm wave energy a mre reliable energy surce. (这使得海浪能发电成为更可靠的能源)”说明该特点带来的结果，符合逻辑。故选G项。
3．前文提到“Building factries r installing electrical wires directly n the beach might prve challenging. (在海滩上直接建造工厂或安装电线可能很有挑战性)”，空处应是对其挑战性的具体说明。E选项“They can cause damage t sea life and the surrunding ecsystems. (它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害)”阐述了在海滩上建设相关设施的危害，指出了具有挑战性的原因，符合语境。故选E项。
4．后文提到“Because cnstant mvement can lead t mre damage, wave energy factries will mst likely need regular and cstly maintenance.(由于持续的运动可能会造成更多的损害，海浪能工厂很可能需要定期且昂贵的维护)”，空处应是对后文造成损害需要维护的引出。F选项“Maintenance f the factries in mving saltwater is very expensive. (在流动的盐水中对工厂进行维护是非常昂贵的)”点明了维护成本高的问题，与后文语境契合。故选F项。
5．前文提到“The bttm line is that wave pwer has enrmus glbal ptential. Hwever, the industry needs mre funding and research t finalize the technlgies invlved s that cuntries can begin adding wave energy t their renewable energy surce list. (归根结底，海浪能具有巨大的全球潜力。然而，该行业需要更多的资金和研究来完善相关技术，以便各国可以开始将海浪能加入其可再生能源清单)”，空处是对海浪能发展现状的总结。C选项“Despite the challenges, there is a future f wave energy. (尽管存在挑战，但海浪能的未来是光明的)”总结了其虽有挑战但潜力巨大的情况，符合语境。故选C项。
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025年全国高考二卷英语真题）
Unexpected Benefits f Vlunteering as a Family
Are yu lking fr a way t bring yur family tgether? Hping t find a hbby that can be shared by bth the little nes and adults? 1 Yu may knw the “feel-gd” emtins that cme with helping thers, but there are even mre unexpected ways vlunteering will psitively affect the whle family.
●Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time.
Peple ften feel they are t busy t vlunteer. Yet, research has fund that giving yur time t cmmunity causes actually makes yu feel like yu have mre f it. 2
●Yu can live lnger if yu vlunteer regularly.
3 Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age. Vlunteers are als mre likely t lk after their wn health and are mre fcused n adding physical activity int their lives.
● 4
Vlunteering during teenage years has been linked t sme majr psitive effects such as imprved grades and increased self-cnfidence. These effects aren’t just shrt-term but have been prved t affect a teen’s well-being in the years t cme.
●Yu’ll have mre time with family.
Families wh vlunteer tgether have the unique experience f wrking tward a cmmn gal. 5 Everyne brings smething unique t the table and can cnnect with each ther in a new way. And, there are tasks fr every age and ability, s all yur children can feel prud f their wrk.
A．Helping the cmmunity lwers rates f depressin.
B．Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need.
C．Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers.
D．Vlunteering can be the first step in breaking dwn prejudice.
E．Fr adults, vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits.
F．Yu may even learn that yur kid has a talent yu didn’t knw abut befre.
G．Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day.
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。
1．根据上文“Are yu lking fr a way t bring yur family tgether? Hping t find a hbby that can be shared by bth the little nes and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Vlunteering as a family”直接回应“bring yur family tgether”和“shared hbby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。
2．根据段落主题句“Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has fund that giving yur time t cmmunity causes actually makes yu feel like yu have mre f it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes yu feel capable”和“inspires yu t make the mst f each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like yu have mre time”形成因果关联。故选G项。
3．根据下文“Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“Fr adults, vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“Fr adults”对应“adults 55 and lder”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memry”和“maintained verall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。
4．根据下文“Vlunteering during teenage years has been linked t sme majr psitive effects such as imprved grades and increased self-cnfidence. These effects aren’t just shrt-term but have been prved t affect teen’s well-being in the years t cme. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelng effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years t cme”，“n kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。
5．根据上文“Families wh vlunteer tgether have the unique experience f wrking tward a cmmn gal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyne brings smething unique t the table and can cnnect with each ther in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“Yu may even learn that yur kid has talent yu didn’t knw abut befre. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that yur kid has talent”体现“Everyne brings smething unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。
B
（浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题）
One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much. 1 There’s n value in delivering any kind f cmmunicatin, whether written, spken, frmal, r infrmal, if the message desn’t cme acrss clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything yur listeners need t knw — is a high-level cmmunicatin skill.
Here are sme tips wrth fllwing in rder t cmmunicate mre effectively.
Keep yur audience in mind.
Yur audience will naturally be mre interested and engaged when yu tailr yur cmmunicatins t their interests. 2 This will engage their desire t understand and interact with the infrmatin.
Dn’t use ten wrds when ne will d.
Even the mst engaged and cmmitted audience will eventually get bred. Keeping yur message simple and clear will make it easier fr peple t understand. 3 Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time. Keep it simple.
4
If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr, manager, trainer r cach, yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it. Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers. Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills.
Cnsider the best methd t deliver yur message.
If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent, cnsider sending an email. Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it, think it ver, and fllw up with questins. 5
Building effective cmmunicatin skills takes time, but the effects are wrth the effrt.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience invlved.
C．The best messages are ften simple.
D．Speak directly t what matters t them.
E．Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F．It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
G．As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。
1．上文“One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are ften simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“t much”形成对比。故选C项。
2．上文“Yur audience will naturally be mre interested and engaged when yu tailr yur cmmunicatins t their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly t what matters t them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。
3．下文“Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what yu’re ging t say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。
4．下文“If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr, manager, trainer r cach, yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it. Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience invlved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。
5．上文“If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent, cnsider sending an email. Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it, think it ver, and fllw up with questins.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。
C
(2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题)
Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. 1 Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. 2
●Get creative. The best way t ease pressure n ver-turisted destinatins is t g smewhere else. Thugh verturism is described as a prblem affecting the entire wrld, it’s actually cncentrated t a small number f extremely ppular spts. That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm. 3 Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?
● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
Visiting a place that thers call hme is a privilege (荣幸). D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place. 5 Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.
A．Visit during ff-peak times.
B．S, shuld we stp traveling?
C．Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D．Can verturism be avided then?
E．Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F．Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G．Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
1．前文“Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly nt.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，B选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。
2．前文“Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。
3．前文“That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。
4．空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
5．前文“D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
（2026届江西省景德镇高三上学期一模英语试题）
We all knw that first impressins cunt. Whether interviewing r meeting new friends, the initial mments f an encunter can set the tne fr the entire relatinship. But what’s actually ging n inside ur brains when we make these snap (仓促的) judgments?
1 . This cmplex structure, deep in the brain, is invlved in prcessing emtins and memry. When we meet smene new, it quickly assesses their faces fr ptential threats r rewards, triggering instant like r dislike. It’s a primitive respnse belw ur cnscius awareness.
Hwever, first impressins aren’t merely based n primitive instincts. 2 . Fr instance, smene with eye cntact and a firm handshake is ften immediately perceived as mre cnfident and trustwrthy. These nn-verbal cues are prcessed rapidly and cntribute significantly t the verall assessment.
Interestingly, research suggests that due t a phenmenn knwn as cnfirmatin bias (偏见), these initial judgments can be surprisingly persistent. 3 . We tend t seek infrmatin cnfirming initial beliefs, ignring cntradictry evidence. A first impressin, nce frmed, can be difficult t change.
S, is it pssible t make a better first impressin? Abslutely. Experts recmmend fcusing n being fully present in the interactin. 4 . This signals respect and engagement. Secndly, paying attentin t yur bdy language. An pen psture and a genuine smile cnvey warmth and penness better than wrds alne.
First impressins are pwerful, but nt infallible. 5 . Understanding the science behind them allws us t be mre mindful f ur wn autmatic judgments and perhaps a little mre effrtful in presenting ur best selves t the wrld.
A．Our cnscius mind als matters.
B．This means nce we frm a view, we stick.
C．Therefre, cnscius effrt t listen actively is key.
D．Fr example, put away yur phne and give yur full attentin.
E．Studies shw such judgments quickly frm in the first seven secnds.
F．They are simply ur brain’s initial, rapid assessment based n limited data.
G．Neurscientists nte the rle f the amygdala, a small almnd-shaped regin.
【答案】1．G 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍第一印象的重要性，揭示其由大脑杏仁核本能反应和意识思维共同作用形成，同时给出提升第一印象的方法，指出其并非绝对可靠。
1．根据后文“This cmplex structure, deep in the brain, is invlved in prcessing emtins and memry. When we meet smene new, it quickly assesses their faces fr ptential threats r rewards, triggering instant like r dislike. It’s a primitive respnse belw ur cnscius awareness.(这个位于大脑深处的复杂结构与情绪和记忆的处理密切相关。当我们遇到新的人时，它会迅速评估他们的面部特征，以判断是否存在潜在的威胁或利益，从而引发立即的喜欢或不喜欢的反应。这是一种潜藏在我们意识之外的原始反应)”可知，后文明确提到“This cmplex structure”，需前文先引出具体大脑部位。选项G“神经科学家指出杏仁核的作用，这是一个杏仁状的小区域”，既点明大脑结构，又呼应后文对该结构功能的描述，衔接自然。故选G。
2．根据上文“Hwever, first impressins aren’t merely based n primitive instincts.(然而，第一印象并非仅仅基于原始的本能反应)”以及后文“Fr instance, smene with eye cntact and a firm handshake is ften immediately perceived as mre cnfident and trustwrthy. These nn-verbal cues are prcessed rapidly and cntribute significantly t the verall assessment.(例如，有人若能进行眼神交流并有坚定的握手动作，通常会让人立刻觉得此人更加自信和值得信赖。这些非语言信号处理迅速，对整体评价有着重要的影响)”可知，前文说第一印象“不仅基于原始本能”，需转折引出其他影响因素。选项A“我们的意识思维也很重要”，与前文“primitive instincts”形成对比，且后文“非语言线索”属于意识可感知的判断依据，逻辑连贯。故选A。
3．根据上文“Interestingly, research suggests that due t a phenmenn knwn as cnfirmatin bias, these initial judgments can be surprisingly persistent.(有趣的是，研究表明，由于存在一种被称为“确认偏差”的现象，这些最初的判断竟会异常地持久不变)”以及后文“We tend t seek infrmatin cnfirming initial beliefs, ignring cntradictry evidence. A first impressin, nce frmed, can be difficult t change.(我们往往会寻找能证实自己初始信念的信息，而会忽略与之相悖的证据。一旦形成第一印象，就很难再改变它了)”可知，前文提到“确认偏差导致初始判断持久”，需进一步说明该现象的表现。选项B“这意味着一旦形成观点，我们就会坚持”，直接解释了“persistent”的含义，且与后文“寻求确认信息、忽视矛盾证据”呼应。故选B。
4．根据上文“S, is it pssible t make a better first impressin? Abslutely. Experts recmmend fcusing n being fully present in the interactin.(那么，有没有可能给人留下更好的第一印象呢？当然。专家建议要全身心地投入到交流之中)”可知，前文建议“在互动中全情投入”，需具体举例说明如何做。选项 D“比如，放下手机，给予全部注意力”，是“全情投入”的具体行动，符合“fr example”的举例逻辑。故选D。
5．根据上文“First impressins are pwerful, but nt infallible.(第一印象虽具有很强的影响力，但并非绝对准确)”可知，前文说“第一印象有力但非绝对可靠”，需收尾说明其本质。选项F“它们只是我们大脑基于有限数据做出的初步快速评估”，既解释了“非绝对可靠”的原因，又呼应文章第一段中“snap judgments”，总结到位。故选F。
B
（山东省菏泽市2025--2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
Mtivatin is the frce that drives yu t take actin tward yur gals. 1 There are many strategies t strengthen mtivatin. Let’s explre a few effective nes that can make a significant impact.
One effective strategy is setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Related and Time-limited) gals, which helps clarify gals, making them mre achievable. Fr example, instead f saying, “I want t get fit,” yu might set a SMART gal like, “I will run three times a week fr 30 minutes fr the next mnth.” 2
Carrying ut reward systems can significantly imprve mtivatin. 3 Mrever, having an accuntability partner encurages cmmitment and prvides extra supprt. Sharing yur gals with smene else can create a scial cmmitment that keeps yu mtivated.
4 Break time allws yur mind t recharge, preventing burnut. Including shrt breaks in yur schedule can lead t increased prductivity and mtivatin. Remember, a well-rested mind is a mtivated mind!
Getting feedback (反馈) frm thse arund yu can prvide valuable perspectives (视角) n yur mtivatin levels. 5 Additinally, discussing yur challenges can help yu feel supprted and understd, further increasing yur mtivatin t keep ging.
A．Rest is as imprtant as hard wrk.
B．They can ffer suggestins that yu haven’t cnsidered.
C．The surrunding envirnment greatly influences yur mtivatin.
D．It helps yu vercme difficulties and ultimately achieve yur gals.
E．It prvides clarity and structure, increasing yur mtivatin t take actin.
F．Treating yurself fr reaching each small gal can create a sense f achievement.
G．Strategies fr imprving mtivatin are imprtant tls fr persnal develpment.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要围绕“激励”展开，核心内容是介绍多种能够有效增强个人激励、助力实现目标的实用策略。
1．前文“Mtivatin is the frce that drives yu t take actin tward yur gals.(激励是驱使你朝着目标采取行动的力量)”强调了激励对于实现目标的重要性，即动机能帮助人们克服困难并最终达成目标。D选项“It helps yu vercme difficulties and ultimately achieve yur gals.(它帮助你克服困难，最终实现你的目标)”与前文逻辑紧密相连，进一步阐述了激励的作用，因此符合语境。故选D。
2．前文“One effective strategy is setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Related and Time-limited) gals, which helps clarify gals, making them mre achievable. Fr example, instead f saying, “I want t get fit,” yu might set a SMART gal like, “I will run three times a week fr 30 minutes fr the next mnth.”(一个行之有效的策略是设定SMART（具体明确、可衡量、可实现、相关联且有时限）目标，这有助于明确目标，使其更具可实现性。例如，与其说“我想变得健康”，不如设定一个SMART目标，像“接下来的一个月，我每周跑步三次，每次30分钟”)”通过举例说明了设定SMART目标能让目标更清晰具体，从而增加采取行动的动机，E选项“It prvides clarity and structure, increasing yur mtivatin t take actin.(它提供了清晰和结构，增加了你采取行动的动力)”总结了设定SMART目标的好处，与前文内容相符。故选E。
3．前文“Carrying ut reward systems can significantly imprve mtivatin.(实施奖励制度可以显著提高动机)”表明奖励系统对提高动机有重要作用，接下来应该具体说明奖励系统是如何起到激励作用的。F选项“Treating yurself fr reaching each small gal can create a sense f achievement.(为每一个小目标的实现犒劳一下自己，这会给你带来成就感)”解释了奖励系统通过创造成就感来提高激励，与前文话题一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
4．后文“Break time allws yur mind t recharge, preventing burnut. Including shrt breaks in yur schedule can lead t increased prductivity and mtivatin. Remember, a well-rested mind is a mtivated mind!(休息时间能让你的大脑恢复精力，防止过度疲惫。在日程安排中加入短暂休息，能够提升工作效率和积极性。记住，休息良好的大脑才是充满干劲的大脑！)”主要强调了休息对提高激励的重要性。A选项“Rest is as imprtant as hard wrk.(休息和努力工作一样重要)”引出了后文关于休息重要性的讨论，符合语境，故选A。
5．前文“Getting feedback (反馈) frm thse arund yu can prvide valuable perspectives (视角) n yur mtivatin levels.(从你周围的人那里获得反馈可以为你的动力水平提供有价值的视角)”提到他人的反馈能提供有价值的视角，接下来应该说明这些视角能带来什么好处。B选项“They can ffer suggestins that yu haven’t cnsidered.(他们可以提供你没有考虑过的建议)”进一步阐述了他人反馈的作用，即提供新建议，与前文逻辑连贯，故选B。
C
（湖北省黄冈市部分高中2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
The ways t turn ne day ff int a 24-hur vacatin
Fr peple with inflexible schedules r limited time ff frm wrk, flying fr a day trip can be an attainable way t experience a place withut cmmitting t a lnger vacatin. Kevin Drniak says he is “addicted” t 24-hur travel.
Drniak, a cntent creatr, has dcumented ver a dzen trips riginating frm New Yrk n TikTk. 1 Typically, it invlves an early-mrning flight, a perid f explring a city r a specific attractin, then a departure in the evening r the fllwing mrning. “I want t shwcase that travel can have an incredible impact even if time isn’t n yur side,” said Drniak, 28. Fast-paced travel and 24-hur jurneys appear earlier than scial media and viral fads. Hwever, this hardcre style f travel taps int ur mdern desire fr quick, impactful experiences that are easily dcumented and shared. 2
Drniak says the key t jet-setting day trips is nt t ver-plan. 3 On a trip t Puert Ric, fr instance, his bjective was simply t g t the beach. In Cair (yes, Drniak spent ne day there frm New Yrk), his nly gal was t see the pyramids. 4 Mst peple might cnsider a rute like this extremely exhausting, but Drniak insists that he embraced and enjyed the sweaty adventure.
“I knw it’s nt fr everyne, but, fr me, I lve just sitting n a plane, s flying is part f the fun. It’s als helpful that I can sleep upright,” he said. The idea f flying anywhere fr a day trip is incnceivable, but Drniak cnsiders the mst wrthwhile experiences are nes that fully get yu ut f the huse. “ 5 Because it makes it pssible t experience a childlike sense f wnder again,” he said.
A．Yu shuldn’t ver-plan yur trip.
B．It’s travel’s versin f instant satisfactin.
C．Even a shrt trip is better than staying hme.
D．And in Paris, his purpse was t visit the Eiffel Twer.
E．That means having nly ne “mtive” fr each place.
F．24-hur travel is nt a new idea and has been ppular since it appeared.
G．Of these trips, he usually sticks t a “24-hur whirlwind check-ff” frmat.
【答案】1．G 2．B 3．E 4．D 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“24小时一日游旅行”展开，介绍了博主Kevin Drniak对这种旅行方式的实践与看法，并分析了其背后的社会心理。
1．根据上文“Drniak, a cntent creatr, has dcumented ver a dzen trips riginating frm New Yrk n TikTk.(Drniak是一名内容创作者，他在TikTk上记录了十几次从纽约出发的旅行)”及下文“Typically, it invlves an early-mrning flight, a perid f explring a city r a specific attractin, then a departure in the evening r the fllwing mrning.(通常，它包括一个清晨的航班，一段时间探索一个城市或一个特定的景点，然后在晚上或第二天早上离开)”可知，前文提到Drniak作为一名博主，在TikTk记录了十几次从纽约出发的旅行，后文直接描述了他的典型行程，由此可知，G. Of these trips, he usually sticks t a “24-hur whirlwind check-ff” frmat.(在这些旅行中，他通常坚持“24小时旋风式打卡”的模式)符合语境，既承接前文“记录旅行”，又为后文他的具体描述做铺垫。故选G项。
2．根据上文“Fast-paced travel and 24-hur jurneys appear earlier than scial media and viral fads. Hwever, this hardcre style f travel taps int ur mdern desire fr quick, impactful experiences that are easily dcumented and shared.(快节奏的旅行和24小时旅行比社交媒体和病毒式传播更早出现。然而，这种硬核风格的旅行迎合了我们现代人对快速、有影响力的体验的渴望，这种体验很容易被记录和分享)”可知，指出高强度快节奏旅行符合现代人对快速体验的渴望。由此可知，B. It’s travel’s versin f instant satisfactin.(这是旅行版的即时满足)符合语境。故选B项。
3．根据上文“Drniak says the key t jet-setting day trips is nt t ver-plan.(Drniak说，坐飞机一日游的关键是不要过度计划)”及下文“On a trip t Puert Ric, fr instance, his bjective was simply t g t the beach. In Cair (yes, Drniak spent ne day there frm New Yrk), his nly gal was t see the pyramids. (例如，在一次去波多黎各的旅行中，他的目标只是去海滩。在开罗（是的，Drniak离开纽约在那里待了一天），他唯一的目标就是看金字塔)”可知，前文强调“一日游的关键是不过度计划”，后面举出实例解释一次只有一个目标。由此可知，E. That means having nly ne “mtive” fr each place.(这意味着每个地方只有一个“动机”)符合语境。故选E项。
4．根据上文“On a trip t Puert Ric, fr instance, his bjective was simply t g t the beach. In Cair (yes, Drniak spent ne day there frm New Yrk), his nly gal was t see the pyramids. (例如，在一次去波多黎各的旅行中，他的目标只是去海滩。在开罗（是的，Drniak离开纽约在那里待了一天），他唯一的目标就是看金字塔)”可知，前文举了两个例子证明他每次只有一个旅行目标。由此可知，D. And in Paris, his purpse was t visit the Eiffel Twer.(在巴黎，他的目的是参观埃菲尔铁塔)符合语境，又举了例子证实一次只有一个动机。故选D项。
5．根据上文“The idea f flying anywhere fr a day trip is incnceivable, but Drniak cnsiders the mst wrthwhile experiences are nes that fully get yu ut f the huse.(飞到任何地方进行一日游的想法是不可想象的，但德龙尼亚克认为，最有价值的经历是那些让你完全走出家门的经历)”及空后“Because it makes it pssible t experience a childlike sense f wnder again(因为它让人们有可能再次体验到孩子般的惊奇感)”可知，德龙尼亚克认为能让人走出家门看世界的经历都是值得的，后文解释这样可以重获孩童般的好奇。由此可知，C. Even a shrt trip is better than staying hme.(即使是短途旅行也比待在家里好)即使是短途旅行也能获得好处，符合语境。故选C项。
D
（2026届浙江省宁波市海曙区等5地高三一模英语试题）
As ur dgs enter their glden years, what they need fr their cntinued cmfrt and happiness will change. 1 It invlves a cmprehensive apprach that cvers their changing health, mbility, and emtinal well-being.
It’s imprtant t stay n tp f their health with regular vet check-ups t help detect any age-related issues early n. This way, cnditins such as jint pain r mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring yur senir dg is getting the care they need. Remember t keep a clse eye n their behavir. 2
As yur dg ages, their nutritinal needs will change, t. It’s essential t change their diet and mnitr their weight t prevent any besity-related health issues. 3 Als cnsider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes jint-supprting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help imprve brain functin and supprt healthy skin.
Yur dg might nt be as lively as they nce were, s adjusting their exercise rutine makes sense. 4 Activities like swimming are great, t, as they prvide all-rund exercise t maintain muscle mass and jint flexibility withut putting stress n their ld bnes.
5 Spend quality time with yur senir dg, engaging in activities they lve. Yur cmpaninship is invaluable t them. With a thughtful apprach t their needs, yu can ensure that yur lyal cmpanin enjys their later years with dignity, cmfrt, and the lve they deserve.
Remember, yu’re nt alne in this. Get in tuch with yur vet r fellw pet parents if yu need advice r supprt.
A．Chse high-quality senir dg fd.
B．But preventive care is better than treatment.
C．Any small relevant shifts are ften the first clues.
D．Emtinal well-being shuld nt be verlked.
E．Think gentle walks instead f intense fetch sessins.
F．Dn’t frget t reward them with their favrite treats after exercise.
G．Taking care f yur senir dg ges beynd regular walks and meals.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何照顾进入老年期的狗狗。
1．下文“It invlves a cmprehensive apprach that cvers their changing health, mbility, and emtinal well-being.(这需要一种全面的方法，涵盖它们不断变化的健康状况、行动能力和情感福祉。)”提到照顾老年狗狗需要全面的方法。G选项：照顾老年狗狗不仅仅是日常散步和喂食。引出下文的论述。选项G中的“ges beynd regular walks and meals”引出下文“全面的方法”，“taking care f yur senir dg”对应下文“it”的指代，符合语境。故选G。
2．上文“It’s imprtant t stay n tp f their health with regular vet check-ups t help detect any age-related issues early n. This way, cnditins such as jint pain r mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring yur senir dg is getting the care they need. Remember t keep a clse eye n their behavir.(定期带狗狗去看兽医，及时掌握它们的健康状况，有助于及早发现任何与年龄相关的问题。这样一来，关节疼痛或智力衰退等情况就能得到有效控制，确保老年狗狗获得所需的照料。记得密切关注它们的行为举止。)”强调要通过定期体检和观察行为早期发现狗狗的健康问题。选项C：任何相关的细微变化通常都是最初的线索。承接上文，说明观察行为的意义，即行为变化能反映健康状况。且选项C中的“small relevant shifts”对应上文“behavir”，符合语境。故选C。
3．上文“As yur dg ages, their nutritinal needs will change, t. It’s essential t change their diet and mnitr their weight t prevent any besity-related health issues.(随着狗狗年龄增长，它们的营养需求也会改变。改变饮食并监控体重，预防肥胖相关的健康问题至关重要。)”核心是“调整老年狗狗的饮食”，下文“Als cnsider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes jint-supprting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help imprve brain functin and supprt healthy skin.(还可以考虑给狗狗补充营养品，比如含有护关节成分的复合维生素，以及有助于改善大脑功能、养护皮肤健康的健康脂肪。)”论述了饮食之外的营养补充建议。选项A：选择优质的老年犬专用粮。承上启下，直接回应上文“改变饮食”的需求，且选项A中的“senir dg fd”贴合“老年狗狗”的场景，与下文“补充营养品”形成“主食+辅食”的饮食搭配逻辑，符合语境。故选A。
4．上文“Yur dg might nt be as lively as they nce were, s adjusting their exercise rutine makes sense.(你的狗狗可能不再像以前那样活泼，所以调整它们的运动安排是合理的。)”说明老年狗狗运动需适配其状态，避免高强度。下文“Activities like swimming are great, t, as they prvide all-rund exercise t maintain muscle mass and jint flexibility withut putting stress n their ld bnes.(游泳这样的运动也很棒，因为它们能提供全面的锻炼，维持肌肉量和关节灵活性，又不会给老骨头带来压力。)”举例推荐温和运动。选项E：考虑温和的散步，而不是高强度的叼物游戏。举例说明了运动内容的调整，和下文的游泳形成并列，且选项E中的“gentle walks”符合“温和运动”的要求。故选E。
5．下文“Spend quality time with yur senir dg, engaging in activities they lve. Yur cmpaninship is invaluable t them.(花高质量的时间陪伴老年狗狗，参与它们喜欢的活动。你的陪伴对它们来说是无价的。)”核心是“陪伴对老年狗狗的重要性”，即情感关怀。空处需作为段落主题句，应概括“情感福祉”的重要性。选项D：情感福祉不应被忽视。直接点明本段核心，且选项D中的“emtinal well-being”与下文的 “cmpaninship”形成呼应，统领全段内容，符合语境。故选D。
E
（2026届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟考试英语试卷）
Paris is an ideal travel destinatin with its fd, wine, shpping cmplexes and sightseeing spts. 1 Actually it is pssible t have a gd time withut spending a lt.
Frget the large internatinal htels in the centre. Instead, get ff the main streets. There are many htels just tw blcks away frm the main turist attractins, which cst as little as US $35 a night each, including breakfast.
1 But wh needs mre when the pint f the trip is t be ut in the streets? The real bnus is living amng French peple and experiencing their life.
Seek ut small, lcal cafes when yu want a meal. They are at every street crner in the less fancy parts f twn. Chse frm the fixed-price dinner menus psted utside these cafes. Many have prices as lw as US $9 r US $10. Drinks with meals are mre expensive, especially beer and quality wine. But there are sme reasnable alternatives. Huse wine is gd: perhaps a cuple f dllars per carafe (喇叭瓶). Cffee, thick and lvely, csts US $2.50 a cup. 2
Getting arund Paris is easy and inexpensive. Walking is the best way t feel the street-life but when yu start t tire, take the train. Subway tickets fr anywhere acrss the city cst arund a dllar a trip and even less if yu buy a multiple-ticket bk. 3 All the maps and signpsts are easy t understand.
4 Passes can be bught at majr subway statins and elsewhere. The Luvre is an abslute must t visit. The Eiffel Twer gives a great view f the city fr less than US $10. Yu can’t miss the street architecture, the surrunding atmsphere and the daily gings-n in Paris. Mre imprtantly, they cst nthing r little t explre and experience.
A．The system is quick and efficient.
B．The breakfast features a lcal flavr.
C．But sme peple are wrried abut the high cst.
D．The admissins t Paris’ attractins are nt cstly.
E．Quality wine and tasty fd are tugh n the budget.
F．The rms with small bathrms are clean and basic.
G．That ttals less than $15 per persn fr dinner and drinks.
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在巴黎低成本旅行的方法。
1．根据上文“Paris is an ideal travel destinatin with its fd, wine, shpping cmplexes and sightseeing spts. (巴黎是理想的旅游目的地，有美食、美酒、购物中心和景点。)”以及下文“Actually it is pssible t have a gd time withut spending a lt. (实际上，不用花很多钱也能玩得很开心。)”可知，此空需承接上文对巴黎的赞美，引出“担心花费高”的顾虑，再用下文转折消除顾虑。C选项“But sme peple are wrried abut the high cst. (但有些人担心费用太高。)”中的“but”形成转折，既呼应上文“理想旅游地”，又为下文“低成本游玩”做铺垫，符合语境。故选C项。
2．根据上文“There are many htels just tw blcks away frm the main turist attractins, which cst as little as US $35 a night each, including breakfast. (主景点附近两个街区内有很多酒店，每晚价格低至35美元，还含早餐。)”以及下文“But wh needs mre when the pint f the trip is t be ut in the streets? (但旅行的重点是在街上逛，谁还需要更多（设施）呢？)”可知，此空需描述低价酒店的设施情况，且与下文“不需要更多设施”形成衔接。F选项“The rms with small bathrms are clean and basic. (带小浴室的房间干净且设施基础。)”既说明低价酒店的具体条件，又呼应下文“不需要更多设施”的观点，符合语境。故选F项。
3．根据上文“Many have prices as lw as US $9 r US $10. Drinks with meals are mre expensive, especially beer and quality wine. But there are sme reasnable alternatives. Huse wine is gd: perhaps a cuple f dllars per carafe (喇叭瓶). Cffee, thick and lvely, csts US $2.50 a cup. (很多（咖啡馆）的套餐价格低至9或10美元。餐配饮品更贵，尤其是啤酒和优质葡萄酒，但有性价比高的选择。家酿葡萄酒不错，大概每瓶几美元。浓郁美味的咖啡每杯2.5美元。)”可知，此空需计算晚餐加饮品的总费用，总结低价就餐的优势。G选项“That ttals less than $15 per persn fr dinner and drinks. (这样算下来，每人晚餐加饮品总共不到15美元。)”中的“that”指代上文的餐费和饮品费，通过具体金额体现低成本，符合语境。故选G项。
4．根据上文“Subway tickets fr anywhere acrss the city cst arund a dllar a trip and even less if yu buy a multiple-ticket bk. (全城任意地点的地铁单程票约1美元，买联票更便宜。)”以及下文“All the maps and signpsts are easy t understand. (所有地图和路标都很易懂。)”可知，此空需补充地铁系统的优点，衔接票价与便捷性。A选项“The system is quick and efficient. (这个系统快捷高效。)”中的“the system”指代巴黎地铁，既说明地铁的优势，又与下文“路标易懂”共同体现交通便捷，符合语境。故选A项。
5．根据下文“Passes can be bught at majr subway statins and elsewhere. The Luvre is an abslute must t visit. The Eiffel Twer gives a great view f the city fr less than US $10. Yu can’t miss the street architecture, the surrunding atmsphere and the daily gings-n in Paris. Mre imprtantly, they cst nthing r little t explre and experience. (通票可在主要地铁站及其他地方购买。卢浮宫是绝对必去的景点。花不到10美元登上埃菲尔铁塔，就能将整座城市的美景尽收眼底。巴黎的街头建筑、周边氛围以及日常百态都不容你错过。更重要的是，探索和体验这些事物几乎不花钱，或者只需花很少的钱。)”可知，本段围绕“巴黎景点费用低”展开，此空应作为段落开头，点明主题。D选项“The admissins t Paris’ attractins are nt cstly. (巴黎景点的门票并不贵。)”直接概括主题，与下文“埃菲尔铁塔不到10美元、街头建筑免费”的内容一致，符合语境。故选D项。
F
（湖南省湘东十二校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
Breaking Age Bias in the Wrkplace
Ageism in the wrkplace is a harsh reality, yet it is ften verlked. While peple vice strng bjectins t ther frms f discriminatin like sexism and racism, they turn a blind eye t ageism and sweep it under the carpet.
1 We live in a yuth-centered sciety, and the hype arund “ut with the ld, in with the new” must end. Experience cannt be fund n Ggle. A persn’s age des nt reduce their ability t wrk hard r make valuable cntributins t an rganizatin r sciety. Reaching 35+ des nt mean smene is incmpetent and shuld be declined. Myths such as “They can’t learn.” “They lack creativity.” “They are less prductive than yunger emplyees.” and “They can’t wrk vertime.” are all based n false premises. 2
In the past, age was admired and hnred. 3 This shift in attitude tward age hurts many career paths. Being ver 40 is nly acceptable in certain senir rles — fr example, in management and plitics, where peple trust thse with decades f experience. Many peple ver 40 are stuck in their current jbs because pprtunities are limited. 4 Undubtedly, it will give rise t serius scial issues sner r later.
S, it’s high time t end age-based discriminatin. We shuld nt fear r feel embarrassed t state ur age. Age brings wisdm, experience, knwledge, resilience, and mre. Age and experience deserve rewards, nt bias. 5 After all, we all grw ld eventually.
A．Experience is a treasure gained nly thrugh time.
B．Tday, hwever, it is ften viewed with disrespect.
C．Ageism is thus mre hidden than ther kinds f discriminatin.
D．Thus, we shuld value age instead f seeing it as a weakness.
E．And limited chances make their prfessinal lives unprmising.
F．Such wrng ideas ignre the real value f lder wrkers.
G．This disregard wrsens due t sciety’s wrng fcus n yuth.
【答案】1．G 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章聚焦“职场年龄偏见”这一话题，剖析了职场中年龄歧视的现状、成因及危害，呼吁终结基于年龄的歧视，重视年龄与经验的价值。
1．前一段“Ageism in the wrkplace is a harsh reality, yet it is ften verlked. While peple vice strng bjectins t ther frms f discriminatin like sexism and racism, they turn a blind eye t ageism and sweep it under the carpet. (工作场所的年龄歧视是一个残酷的现实，但它往往被忽视。虽然人们强烈反对性别歧视和种族主义等其他形式的歧视，但他们对年龄歧视视而不见，并将其掩盖起来)”指出职场中年龄歧视常被忽视的现象，后文“We live in a yuth-centered sciety, and the hype arund “ut with the ld, in with the new” must end. (我们生活在一个以年轻人为中心的社会，“淘汰旧的，引进新的”的炒作必须结束)”提及终结以年轻人为中心的炒作，因此G项“This disregard wrsens due t sciety’s wrng fcus n yuth. (这种忽视因社会对年轻人的错误关注而加剧)”符合语境，承接前一段的现象描述，引出后文的终结话题，其中的This disregard指代前文的ageism。故选G。
2．前文“Myths such as “They can’t learn.” “They lack creativity.” “They are less prductive than yunger emplyees.” and “They can’t wrk vertime.” are all based n false premises. (诸如“他们不会学习”“他们缺乏创造力”“他们的工作效率比年轻员工低”和“他们不能加班”之类的谬论都是基于错误的前提)”列举了各种关于年长员工的错误认知，因此F项“Such wrng ideas ignre the real value f lder wrkers. (这些错误观念忽视了年长员工的真正价值)”符合语境，总结批判这些错误认知，承接前文。故选F。
3．前文“In the past, age was admired and hnred. (在过去，年长是受钦佩和尊敬的)”提到在过去对待年长的积极态度，后文“This shift in attitude tward age hurts many career paths. (这种对年长态度的转变伤害了许多职业道路)”指出对年龄态度的转变引发的负面后果，因此B项“Tday, hwever, it is ften viewed with disrespect. (然而，如今它常常被轻蔑地看待)”符合语境，指出如今对年长的消极态度，和前文构成转折对比，引出后文。故选B。
4．前文“Many peple ver 40 are stuck in their current jbs because pprtunities are limited. (许多40岁以上的人因为机会有限而被困在目前的工作中)”提到许多40岁以上的人面临的职业困境，后文“Undubtedly, it will give rise t serius scial issues sner r later. (毫无疑问，这迟早会引起严重的社会问题)”指出更大的社会问题，因此E项“And limited chances make their prfessinal lives unprmising. (而有限的机会使他们的职业生活前景黯淡)”符合语境，指出机会有限带来的后果，承前启后，其中的limited chances和前文的pprtunities are limited呼应。故选E。
5．前文“Age brings wisdm, experience, knwledge, resilience, and mre. Age and experience deserve rewards, nt bias. (年长带来智慧、经验、知识、适应力等等。年长和经验值得回报，而不是偏见)”肯定年长的各种益处，后文“After all, we all grw ld eventually. (毕竟，我们最终都会变老)”提醒人皆会老事实，因此D项“Thus, we shuld value age instead f seeing it as a weakness. (因此，我们应该珍视年长，而不是将其视为劣势)”符合语境，呼吁终结年龄歧视，和前文构成因果关系，后文是对其补充说明。故选D。
G
（2026届江西省高三上学期高考仿真模拟考试（一）英语试题）
Shuld I g fr a bar f snickers (士力架) r a piece f cheese cake? D I paint my rm pink r use wallpaper instead? Is it better t take up vlleyball r swimming? 1 When yu’re able t reach decisins, accept and learn frm yur chices. This can give yu a sense f calmness.
Treat decisins differently
Sme decisins, like what t rder when yu g ut t eat, aren’t very serius, but thers can have cnsequences fr yur health, schlwrk r relatinships. 2 On the cntrary, making randm decisins n crucial matters can make yu bury yur head in the sand. Try t stp taking everything s seriusly and witness the difference that makes in yur life.
Make tugh decisins
3 Yu culd start by listing the different ptins, then weighing up the psitives and negatives f each ne. Anita Hlland, an expert, says fllwing yur true feelings and listening t yur heart can als wrk. “Try t catch yur first thught befre yur mind gets cnfused,” she says. 4 Hwever, yu shuld be careful abut chices that are made nly t please smebdy else.
What if I regret my chice?
Many peple wrry abut making the “wrng” decisin, especially if they feel disappinted by hw things turn ut. 5 If the ne yu chse leads t a disappinting experience, try reflecting n it and think abut whether yu wuld make a different decisin in the future.
A．Other peple’s feelings can be cnsidered, t.
B．Yu must think twice befre yu decide t make it.
C．It is nt necessary t take unimprtant decisins t seriusly.
D．It is easy t make a wrng decisin, especially under pressure.
E．Fr difficult decisins, it can be helpful t break dwn yur thinking.
F．Peple make chices every day, which causes tensin and feelings f uncertainty.
G．Indeed, there is nt always a reasnable chice but different paths lead t distinct experiences.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过提出日常选择问题，讨论了如何做出决策。作者建议将决定区分对待，不重要的决定不必过于严肃，并对困难决定进行分解思考。文章还强调要从选择中学习，并对可能产生的后悔情绪进行反思，以培养决策的信心。
1．上文“Shuld I g fr a bar f snickers (士力架) r a piece f cheese cake? D I paint my rm pink r use wall paper instead? Is it better t take up vlleyball r swimming? (我该选择一块士力架还是吃一块芝士蛋糕呢？是把房间刷成粉色还是用壁纸来装饰呢？是选择打排球还是游泳呢？)”通过三个日常选择的例子，如选择士力架还是芝士蛋糕、粉刷房间还是贴墙纸、打排球还是游泳，引出了人们在日常生活中经常需要做选择的情境。F选项“Peple make chices every day, which causes tensin and feeling f uncertainty.(人们每天都在做选择，这会导致紧张和不确定感。)”直接承接上文，进一步阐述了人们每天面临选择时可能产生的心理状态，即紧张和不确定感，与后文提到的“When yu’re able t reach decisins, accept and learn frm yur chices. This can give yu a sense f calmness.(当你能够做出决定、接受并从选择中学习时，这会给你一种平静的感觉)”形成对比，强调了做出决定的重要性。故选F。
2．上文提到“Sme decisins, like what t rder when yu g ut t eat, aren’t very serius, but thers can have cnsequences fr yur health, schlwrk r relatinships.(有些决定，比如出去吃饭点什么，并不是很严重，但有些决定可能会对你的健康、学业或人际关系产生影响。)”说明了决策的轻重之分。C选项“It is nt necessary t take unimprtant decisins t seriusly.(没有必要把不重要的决定看得太认真。)”与上文中的“aren’t very serius”相呼应，进一步强调了对于不重要的决定不必过于认真，与后文提到的“On the cntrary, making randm decisins n crucial matters can make yu bury yur head in the sand. (相反，在重要的事情上随意做决定可能会让你逃避现实)”形成对比，突出了正确对待不同重要性的决策的重要性。故选C。
3．下文提到“Yu culd start by listing the different ptins, then weighing up the psitives and negatives f each ne.(你可以先列出不同的选择，然后权衡每个选择的利弊。)”这是一种处理困难决策的方法。E选项“Fr difficult decisins, it can be helpful t break dwn yur thinking.(对于困难的决定，分解你的思考可能是有帮助的。)”直接引出了下文要讨论的内容，即如何处理困难的决策，通过分解思考来帮助做出决定。故选E。
4．上文Anita Hlland提到“Try t catch yur first thught befre yur mind gets cnfused.(在你的头脑变得混乱之前，试着抓住你的第一个想法。)”这是关于听从自己内心感受的建议。A选项“Other peple’s feelings can be cnsidered, t.(也可以考虑别人的感受。)”在听从自己内心感受的基础上，进一步提出了考虑他人感受的建议，使决策过程更加全面和周到。同时，下文也提到了“Hwever, yu shuld be careful abut chices that are made nly t please smebdy else.(然而，你应该小心那些只是为了取悦别人而做出的选择。)”强调了在做决策时不能仅仅为了取悦他人而忽略了自己的真实感受，与设空处构成转折关系，符合题意。故选A。
5．上文提到“Many peple wrry abut making the “wrng” decisin, especially if they feel disappinted by hw things turn ut.(许多人担心做出“错误”的决定，尤其是当他们对事情的结果感到失望时。)”说明了人们在做决策时可能会产生的担忧。G选项“Indeed, there is nt always a reasnable chice but different paths lead t distinct experiences.(事实上，并不总是有一个合理的选择，不同的道路会导致不同的经历。)”进一步阐述了决策的复杂性和多样性，不同的选择会带来不同的经历和结果，由此引发许多人的担忧。故选G。
H
（2026届广东省广州市天河区高三一模英语试题）
Thirst is ne f the fundamental urges an rganism can have. After all, water is the substance that we rely n t transprt essential mlecules (分子) and ther particles arund ur bdies t keep us alive. 1 Shuldn’t we have develped a taste fr this essential substance?
2 Several new studies seem t shw nt nly that water des, in fact, have a taste, but that we might have taste buds (味蕾) that respnd directly t it.
We nw knw that there are at least five basic tastes: salty, sur, sweet, bitter and umami. 3 Researchers have sught t slve the issue nce and fr all. They’ve figured ut an experiment that seeks t identify any water-sensing taste receptr cells (TRCs) n the tngues f lab mice.
The team first used a technique knwn as genetic knckut t silence different types f TRCs, in rder t remve the pssibility that thse cells might accidentally discver sme ther taste within the water besides the water itself. 4 It turned ut that the acid-sensing sur TRCs were still firing actively, indicating these cells might have a duble purpse, capable f distinguishing water r acidic fluids.
S if yu’re n the side f the debate that argues that water is flavrless, yu might still be crrect. 5 The study als pens up the pssibility that ur tngues and taste buds might be ding mre than merely prviding us with a sense f taste. If this study desn’t prve that water is the sixth flavr, it might still be the first evidence f a whle ther sense entirely: a water sense.
A．Well, perhaps we have.
B．Actually, we have a sixth taste fr water.
C．Our taste buds are tied t a flavr f water.
D．S it’s perhaps a bit dubtful that water desn’t seem t have any flavr.
E．But water isn’t senseless, at least it desn’t appear that way accrding t this research.
F．They then washed their muths with water t see if any cells were still respnding.
G．If there is a sixth taste fr water exists, then there shuld be evidence smewhere in the muth r tngue.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们通常认为平时喝的水是没有味道的，但几项新的研究表明似乎水具有某种味道，至少是可以被人感觉到的。
1．根据上文“Thirst is ne f the fundamental urges an rganism can have. After all, water is the substance that we rely n t transprt essential mlecules (分子) and ther particles arund ur bdies t keep us alive.(口渴是生物体可能产生的最基本的需求之一。毕竟，水是我们赖以在体内运输各种重要分子和粒子以维持生命所必需的物质)”以及后文“Shuldn’t we have develped a taste fr this essential substance?(我们难道不该对这种必需物质产生味觉吗？)”可知，前文强调“水对生命至关重要，口渴是基本欲望”，后文以反问“我们难道不该对这种必需物质产生味觉吗”承接。选项D“因此，水似乎没有任何味道这件事可能有点令人怀疑”既总结前文“水的重要性”，又通过“怀疑”引出后文对“水是否有味道”的探讨，形成因果逻辑，衔接自然。故选D。
2．根据后文“Several new studies seem t shw nt nly that water des, in fact, have a taste, but that we might have taste buds (味蕾) that respnd directly t it.(几项新的研究似乎表明，水确实具有自身的味道，而且我们的味蕾或许还能直接对水的味道做出反应)”以及前文用反问句提出“是否该对水有味觉”，后文则给出研究结论“水确实有味道，且可能有感知水的味蕾”。选项A“嗯，或许我们已经有这种味觉了”直接回应前文反问，用“或许”呼应研究结论的探索性，起到“承上启下”的过渡作用。故选A。
3．根据上文“We nw knw that there are at least five basic tastes: salty, sur, sweet, bitter and umami.(我们现在知道，至少存在五种基本的味道：咸味、酸味、甜味、苦味和鲜味)”以及后文“Researchers have sught t slve the issue nce and fr all. They’ve figured ut an experiment that seeks t identify any water-sensing taste receptr cells (TRCs) n the tngues f lab mice.(研究人员一直试图彻底解决这个问题。他们设计了一个实验，旨在找出实验鼠舌头上的任何能感知水分的味觉受体细胞（TRC）)”可知，前文提到“已知至少五种基本味觉”，后文转而描述“研究人员通过实验寻找小鼠舌头上感知水的味觉受体细胞”。选项G“如果存在第六种‘水味’，那么在口腔或舌头上某处应该有证据”衔接“五种味觉”与“寻找水味证据”，为后文实验的目的做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选G。
4．根据上文“The team first used a technique knwn as genetic knckut t silence different types f TRCs, in rder t remve the pssibility that thse cells might accidentally discver sme ther taste within the water besides the water itself.(该团队首先采用了名为“基因敲除”的技术来抑制不同类型的味觉受体细胞，以排除这些细胞可能意外地在水中发现除水本身之外的其他味道的可能性)”以及后文“It turned ut that the acid-sensing sur TRCs were still firing actively, indicating these cells might have a duble purpse, capable f distinguishing water r acidic fluids.(结果表明，能够感知酸味的酸敏感味觉受体细胞仍在活跃地工作，这表明这些细胞可能具有双重功能，既能辨别水，也能辨别酸性液体)”可知，前文介绍实验第一步“用基因敲除技术沉默不同味觉受体细胞”，后文则呈现结果“感知酸味的细胞仍活跃，可能兼具感知水的功能”。选项F“然后他们用水漱口，观察是否有细胞仍在反应”承接前文“沉默细胞”的操作，描述实验第二步，符合“先处理细胞→再测试反应”的实验流程，衔接实验步骤与结果。故选F。
5．根据上文“S if yu’re n the side f the debate that argues that water is flavrless, yu might still be crrect.(所以，如果你站在那种认为水没有味道的观点那一方，那么你或许还是正确的)”以及后文“The study als pens up the pssibility that ur tngues and taste buds might be ding mre than merely prviding us with a sense f taste. If this study desn’t prve that water is the sixth flavr, it might still be the first evidence f a whle ther sense entirely: a water sense.(这项研究还提出了一种可能性，即我们的舌头和味蕾的功能可能远不止是让我们感受到味道。即便这项研究无法证实水是第六种味道，它仍可能是首个揭示出一种全新感官存在的证据：一种与水相关的独特感知)”可知，前文认可“认为水无味可能正确”，后文则转折指出“研究揭示味蕾可能不仅负责味觉，还可能存在‘水觉’”。选项E“但水并非无法感知，至少根据这项研究来看并非如此”用“但”形成转折，既不否定前文观点，又引出后文“水可被感知”的新发现，符合上下文逻辑。故选E。
I
（2025届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三模联考英语试题）
“I’m tne-deaf.” “I’m nt really a singer.” When yu’re cmparing yurself t Whitney Hustn, Ariana Grande r Beyncé, it’s easy t feel that singing is ut f reach. 1 Singing is the nly instrument that peple dn’t allw themselves t nt be gd at right away. S give yurself permissin t try, and dn’t wrry abut sunding gd at first.
2 Yu can cmplete the shift thrugh learning and practicing. Speak a phrase and start t stretch yur vice. Make it a psitive expressin, fr instance, “My vice is strng!” fr the extra bnus f hearing sme encuragement. As yu repeat the phrase, intrduce excitement int yur speech. 3 Practice t hear hw high and hw lw yu can g. Start at the tp f yur range instead f the bttm because if yu start at the bttm, yu’ll hit that ceiling, and yu wn’t get past it.
The way yu breathe is als crucial t finding yur singing vice. As yu breathe in, feel the air fill yur lungs and g all the way t yur stmach. This allws yur breath t fill yur diaphragm, a muscle between yur lungs and stmach. 4 Then push that air ut frm yur belly (腹部), up ut thrugh yur lungs, ut t an pen muth.
Yu may dream abut sunding like yur favrite artist, but yur vices might just be different. S instead, wrk in a vice range that suits yu. Once yu have that awareness, yu can start listening fr ther singers wh have that same sund. Just avid cpying simply. Remember, yu’re trying t find yur vice. Let Beyncé be Beyncé. That’s their identity. 5
A．It is time t mdel after them.
B．Singing isn’t that far ff frm speaking.
C．And that is the surce f yur vice pwer.
D．That’ll help yu mre naturally slide int singing.
E．But yu dn’t have t be a Grammy-award winner.
F．Hwever, a gd singer demands a natural-brn talent.
G．It’s imprtant t be able t say, “What d I sund like?”
【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了普通人学习唱歌的方法，包括放下心理负担、通过说话练习发声、注意呼吸方式以及找到适合自己的音域等。
1．根据上文“When yu’re cmparing yurself t Whitney Hustn, Ariana Grande r Beyncé, it’s easy t feel that singing is ut f reach.(当你把自己和惠特妮·休斯顿、爱莉安娜·格兰德或碧昂斯相比时，很容易觉得唱歌是遥不可及的事)”以及下文 “Singing is the nly instrument that peple dn’t allw themselves t nt be gd at right away. S give yurself permissin t try, and dn’t wrry abut sunding gd at first. (唱歌是唯一一种人们不允许自己无法立刻擅长的乐器。所以允许自己去尝试，不要担心一开始听起来很好。)”可知，此处需转折强调“不必成为专业歌手”。因此推断E项“但你不必成为格莱美奖得主。”符合语境，衔接上下文中的“专业歌手”与“普通人尝试”。故选E。
2．下文“Yu can cmplete the shift thrugh learning and practicing. Speak a phrase and start t stretch yur vice. (你可以通过学习和练习完成这种转变。说一个短语，开始伸展你的声音。)”提到转变，建议通过“说话”作为练习唱歌的切入点。因此推断B项“唱歌与说话相差不远。”符合语境，直接点明段落主旨，将“唱歌”与“说话”建立关联，为后文“通过说话练习发声”的具体方法提供理论依据，符合段落核心。故选B。
3．上文“As yu repeat the phrase, intrduce excitement int yur speech.(当你重复这个短语时，在你的讲话中引入兴奋。)”提出具体动作，下文“Practice t hear hw high and hw lw yu can g.( 练习听自己能唱多高多低。)”阐述目标。中间需衔接“动作”与“目标”的因果关系。因此推断D项“这会帮助你更自然地过渡到唱歌”符合语境，其中的That指代前文“加入兴奋感”的动作，“slide int singing”对应后文的“练习音域”的目标，明确“说话练习”对“唱歌”的促进作用，逻辑连贯。故选D。
4．上文“As yu breathe in, feel the air fill yur lungs and g all the way t yur stmach. This allws yur breath t fill yur diaphragm, a muscle between yur lungs and stmach.(当你吸气时，感觉空气充满你的肺部，并一直流到你的胃里。这让你的呼吸充满隔膜，隔膜是肺和胃之间的肌肉。)”描述呼吸原理，下文“Then push that air ut frm yur belly (腹部), up ut thrugh yur lungs, ut t an pen muth.(然后将空气从你的腹部排出，通过你的肺部，到达张开的嘴巴。)”说明发声动作。中间需点明“横隔膜呼吸”与“声音力量”的关联。C项“这就是你声音力量的来源。”中的that指代前文的“横隔膜充满空气的呼吸方式”，明确其作为“发声动力来源”的作用，衔接呼吸机制与发声原理。故选C。
5．上文“Just avid cpying simply. Remember, yu’re trying t find yur vice. Let Beyncé be Beyncé. That’s their identity.(只是避免复制。记住，你在努力寻找自己的声音。让自己成为碧昂丝。这就是它们的身份。)”强调避免单纯模仿，强调个性化，说明他人特质不可复制”。因此推断G项“重要的是能问自己：“我的声音听起来像什么？"”符合语境，以提问形式引|导读者关注“自我特质”，呼应“寻找自己的声音”的核心观点，总结段落主旨，完成从“避免模仿”到“主动探索自我”的逻辑升华。故选G。
J
（2025届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟试卷（三）英语试题）
The Rise f Lab-Grwn Meat
Fr decades, scientists have been seeking sustainable slutins t glbal fd shrtages. 1 . Cmmnly knwn as cultured meat, this innvatin grws animal muscle tissue frm stem cells in cntrlled labratry envirnments. Its emergence culd revlutinize ur traditinal understanding f meat prductin.
Animal-Free Meat Creatin via Science
The manufacturing prcess begins with cllecting animal cells thrugh harmless bipsies. (活组织检查) 2 . They are then placed in nutrient-rich bireactrs where they multiply and develp int muscle fibers. Surprisingly, the final prduct maintains the same prtein cntent and texture as cnventinal meat thrugh precise temperature cntrl and mechanical stretching.
Envirnmental Impacts
Cmpared t traditinal livestck (牲畜) farming, lab-grwn meat shws remarkable eclgical advantages. 3 . A 2024 UN reprt revealed that cultured meat prductin requires 95% less land and reduces greenhuse gas emissins by 87%. Mrever, it cmpletely remves the need fr antibitics (抗生素) used in raising animals, addressing grwing cncerns abut drug-resistant bacteria.
4．
Despite its prmise, the industry faces significant challenges. Current prductin csts remain way t high, with a single burger patty csting apprximately $50 t prduce. Cnsumer acceptance als presents bstacles (阻碍), as 42% f participants in a glbal survey expressed distrust in “test-tube meat”. Additinally, regulatry framewrks fr safety standards and labeling requirements are still under develpment wrldwide.
Future Outlk
Majr fd crpratins have invested ver $3 billin in cultured meat research since 2022. 5 . With Singapre already apprving cmmercial sales and the EU planning t legalize it by 2026, industry analysts predict cultured meat culd capture 10% f the glbal meat market by 2035. As technlgy advances, this scientific breakthrugh may fundamentally transfrm ur dining tables and ecsystems alike.
A．Rising Prductin Csts
B．Challenges t Mass Prductin
C．It cnsumes 85% less water than regular farms
D．The mst prmising answer lies in lab-grwn meat
E．These cells are carefully selected fr their grwth ptential
F．Gvernments shuld prmte this ec-friendly alternative
G．The huge increase in funding reflects grwing cnfidence in it
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实验室培育肉的相关信息，包括其出现背景、制造过程、环境影响、面临的挑战以及未来展望。
1．上文“Fr decades, scientists have been seeking sustainable slutins t glbal fd shrtages.（几十年来，科学家们一直在寻找解决全球粮食短缺问题的可持续方案。）”说明科学家们一直在寻找解决全球粮食短缺问题的办法，D项（最有希望的答案在于实验室培育肉）承接上文，引出了具体的解决办法，指出最有希望的解决办法是实验室培育肉，符合语境。故选D。
2．上文“The manufacturing prcess begins with cllecting animal cells thrugh harmless bipsies.（制造过程始于通过无害的活组织检查收集动物细胞。）”说明实验室培育肉的制造过程始于收集动物细胞，E项（这些细胞是根据它们的生长潜力精心挑选的）承接上文，进一步说明这些细胞的情况，即这些细胞是根据生长潜力精心挑选的，符合语境。故选E。
3．上文“Cmpared t traditinal livestck (牲畜) farming, lab-grwn meat shws remarkable eclgical advantages.(与传统畜牧业相比，实验室培育肉显示出显著的生态优势。)”说明实验室培育肉比传统畜牧业有生态优势，C项（它的耗水量比普通农场少85%）承接上文，具体说明了其生态优势，即耗水量少，符合语境。故选C。
4．空处为段落小标题，根据下文“Despite its prmise, the industry faces significant challenges. Current prductin csts remain way t high, with a single burger patty csting apprximately $50 t prduce. Cnsumer acceptance als presents bstacles (阻碍), as 42% f participants in a glbal survey expressed distrust in “test-tube meat”. Additinally, regulatry framewrks fr safety standards and labeling requirements are still under develpment wrldwide.(尽管前景光明，但该行业仍面临重大挑战。目前的生产成本仍然太高，一个汉堡肉饼的生产成本约为50美元。消费者接受度也存在障碍，因为在一项全球调查中，42%的参与者表示不信任“试管肉”。此外，全球范围内仍在制定安全标准和标签要求的监管框架。)”可知，本段主要介绍了实验室培育肉在实现大规模生产方面面临的挑战。B项（大规模生产的挑战）概括了本段内容，适合作为段落小标题。故选B。
5．上文“Majr fd crpratins have invested ver $3 billin in cultured meat research since 2022.(自2022年以来，主要食品公司已在实验室培育肉研究上投资超过30亿美元。)”说明主要食品公司在实验室培育肉研究上投入了大量资金，G项（资金的巨大增长反映了人们对它的信心日益增强）承接上文，说明了这一投入的意义，即资金的巨大增长反映了人们对实验室培育肉的信心日益增强，符合语境。故选G。
K
（2025届山东师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月适应性检测英语试题）
Humans have evlved t spend lng perids ding physical exercise. 1 The cmplexity f the human brain is t blame.
Evlving an ability desn’t autmatically mean we’ll want t use it. While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. 2 It calculates the effrt required fr actins and tends t stp us frm misusing vital resurces n fruitless effrts, like walking ver 30 km fr a handful f berries.
The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” needs cnstant and cnsiderable effrt. 3 S, yur brain has a tendency t ask this questin, “Is it wrth it?” This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward.
Thankfully, the human brain is a cmplex rgan. It isn’t ruled by its mre primitive drives. While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. 4 We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情况), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. Or at least wrk tward it. This directly impacts hw ur brain prcesses mtivatin and willpwer. We can recgnize that rejecting a reward nw can lead t a greater reward later, and act accrdingly.
As far as yur brain is cncerned, there are prcesses that discurage exercise, and prcesses that encurage it. 5
A．S hw des the brain prcess mtivatin?
B．But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising?
C．Our brains can frm lng-term gals and ambitins.
D．It is fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards.
E．The human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt.
F．Mst peple have the habit f ding physical exercise.
G．Ideally, yu’ll end up putting mre weight n the latter than the frmer.
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．D 4．C 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑对锻炼的复杂态度，包括其阻止浪费精力的本能以及设定长期目标的能力如何影响锻炼动机。
1．由上文“Humans have evlved t spend lng perids ding physical exercise. (人类已经进化到可以长时间进行体育锻炼。)”及下文“The cmplexity f the human brain is t blame. (这要归咎于人类大脑的复杂性。)”可知，这里需要提出一个问题，引出下文对大脑复杂性的讨论，B选项“But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? (但是为什么不是每个人都喜欢锻炼呢？)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
2．由下文“It calculates the effrt required fr actins and tends t stp us frm misusing vital resurces n fruitless effrts, like walking ver 30 km fr a handful f berries. (它会计算行动所需的努力，并倾向于阻止我们把重要的资源浪费在徒劳无功的努力上，比如为了几颗浆果而走上30公里。)”可知，本空应强调大脑对浪费精力的敏感性，E选项“The human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. (人类大脑对浪费精力非常敏感。)”能引出下文，符合题意。故选E。
3．由上文“The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” needs cnstant and cnsiderable effrt. (问题是，为了保持“体型”而进行的定期锻炼需要持续而大量的努力。)”及下文“S, yur brain has a tendency t ask this questin, “Is it wrth it?” (所以，你的大脑倾向于问这个问题：“值得吗？”)”可知，本空应描述锻炼需要持续努力且回报不确定的情况，D选项“It is fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. (它是为了逐步的进步和不确定的回报。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。
4．由上文“While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that.(虽然许多物种的思维过程仅限于“食物，吃掉它！”、“危险，快跑！”、“疼痛，避开！”，但我们已经超越了这一点。)”及下文“We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情况), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. (我们可以想象一个理想的未来情景，弄清楚如何实现它，并付诸行动。)”可知，此处需强调大脑具备“长期目标”的能力。C选项“Our brains can frm lng-term gals and ambitins. (我们的大脑可以形成长期的目标和抱负。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
5．由上文“As far as yur brain is cncerned, there are prcesses that discurage exercise, and prcesses that encurage it. (就你的大脑而言，有一些过程会阻碍锻炼，也有一些过程会鼓励锻炼。)”可知，此处需总结大脑对锻炼的两种态度，G选项“Ideally, yu’ll end up putting mre weight n the latter than the frmer. (理想情况下，你最终会把更多的权重放在后者而不是前者。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
L
(2025届安徽省芜湖市高中毕业班下学期教学质量统测英语试题)
Why Peple Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep
A full night’s rest is key fr waking up alert and energized fr the day. But many reprt feeling weirdly wired (诡异的亢奋感) — and paradxically mre prductive — despite snzing fr three t fur hurs instead f the seven t nine hurs mst experts recmmend fr adults.
Hwever, Zeitzer, a sleep scientist, wants t make the matter clear: n type f sleep deprivatin (缺乏) is ultimately gd fr yu. They say the energy jlt after acute sleep deprivatin stems frm a natural but fleeting sense f alertness that the brain uses t temprarily cpe with insufficient rest. 1 .
●Triggering survival mde
2 , natural survival behavirs kick in. The bdy prduces a physilgical reactin t keep the brain alert and energized. A single night f sleep deprivatin is a stressr that acts via the central nervus system t activate the HPA axis. This circuit between the brain and the adrenal glands triggers the stress respnse. The energy bst frm the sympathetic nervus system is temprary, and it des nt mean peple’s brains are fully functinal, hwever.
● Sleep inertia
Researchers generally describe five stages f the sleep cycle: wakefulness, three phases f nnrapid eye mvement(NREM), and ne phase f rapid eye mvement(REM). The stage at which a sleeper wakes up can affect hw they react t being subjectively refreshed. And the lnger a persn sleeps, the greater the chance they’ll experience sleep inertia — a temprary perid f mental fg after waking up. 3 . Waking up during this sleep stage culd decrease sleep inertia and make a persn feel mre energized during a deprivatin perid.
● 4
A single night f shrtened sleep might seem harmless, but putting yur bdy under the resulting stress has drawbacks. Lsing just tw hurs f sleep can make peple mre impulsive (冲动的) and inclined t making mistakes. Additinally, the energy frm elevated crtisl (皮质醇) and adrenaline (肾上腺素) levels fades ver the day. “Nne f these things will be particularly sustained fr a lng time,” Zeitzer explains. Fr a better way t reduce grgginess, he advises peple t sleep as much as pssible fr tw t three days with n alarm clcks t catch up n rest.
The bttm line: Yu can’t cheat sleep. 5 , there is n shrtcut t being ready t seize the day. It tk Mther Nature millins f years t perfect sleep — t give us ptimal perfrmance and mental health.
A．When adrenaline and crtisl wear ff
B．When the brain senses sleep disruptin
C．When sleep is already the greatest life hack
D．Lng-term shrtened sleep leads t mre mistakes
E．It is pssible peple feel mre “awake” if they’re rused during the shallwer NREM sleep
F．Here are the reasns why limited sleep makes us mre cnscius and energetic during the daytime
G．The fllwing shws us what happens in the brain when it runs n limited sleep and hw this can affect health
【答案】1．G 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么睡眠不足但以常亢奋的原因。
1．根据上文“Hwever, Zeitzer, a sleep scientist, wants t make the matter clear: n type f sleep deprivatin (缺乏) is ultimately gd fr yu. They say the energy jlt after acute sleep deprivatin stems frm a natural but fleeting sense f alertness that the brain uses t temprarily cpe with insufficient rest.(然而，睡眠科学家Zeitzer想要澄清的是：没有任何一种睡眠剥夺最终对你有好处。他们说，急性睡眠剥夺后的能量冲击源于一种自然但短暂的警觉性，大脑利用这种警觉性来暂时应对睡眠不足)”可知，前文指出睡眠不足却感觉亢奋有原因，后文分别从不同方面阐述，故本句起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对原因的具体解释。故G选项“以下内容向我们展示了大脑在睡眠不足的情况下会发生什么，以及这会如何影响健康”符合语境，故选G。
2．根据后文“natural survival behavirs kick in. The bdy prduces a physilgical reactin t keep the brain alert and energized. A single night f sleep deprivatin is a stressr that acts via the central nervus system t activate the HPA axis. This circuit between the brain and the adrenal glands triggers the stress respnse. The energy bst frm the sympathetic nervus system is temprary, and it des nt mean peple’s brains are fully functinal, hwever.(自然的生存行为开始发挥作用。身体会产生一种生理反应来保持大脑的警觉和活力。一个晚上的睡眠不足是一种压力源，它通过中枢神经系统激活下丘脑轴。大脑和肾上腺之间的这个回路触发了应激反应。然而，交感神经系统的能量提升是暂时的，这并不意味着人们的大脑功能完全正常)”可知，后文提到身体会产生生理反应来保持大脑警觉和精力充沛，本句引出下文，说明在大脑感知到睡眠被打乱时，自然的生存行为会启动，故B选项“当大脑感觉到睡眠中断时”符合语境，故选B。
3．根据上文“The stage at which a sleeper wakes up can affect hw they react t being subjectively refreshed. And the lnger a persn sleeps, the greater the chance they’ll experience sleep inertia — a temprary perid f mental fg after waking up.(睡眠者醒来的阶段会影响他们对主观清醒的反应。一个人睡得越久，他们就越有可能经历睡眠惯性——醒来后短暂的精神恍惚)”可知，前文提到睡眠阶段会影响人们对主观清醒的反应，且睡眠越长，经历睡眠惯性的可能性越大，故本句与前文在睡眠阶段对人的影响相呼应，故E选项“如果人们在较浅的非快速眼动睡眠中被唤醒，他们有可能感觉更‘清醒’”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据本段内容“Additinally, the energy frm elevated crtisl (皮质醇) and adrenaline (肾上腺素) levels fades ver the day.(此外，皮质醇和肾上腺素水平升高所产生的能量会在一天中逐渐消失)”可知，该段在说睡眠不足时身体的反应以及这些反应带来的影响会随时间消退，故A选项“当肾上腺素和皮质醇消耗殆尽时”符合语境，故选A。
5．根据上文“Yu can’t cheat sleep.(你无法欺骗睡眠)”以及后文“there is n shrtcut t being ready t seize the day.(要准备好抓住每一天，没有捷径可走)”可知，前文说不能欺骗睡眠，后文说没有捷径能让我们准备好迎接新的一天，本句进一步强调了睡眠的重要性，且与上下文逻辑连贯，故C选项“当睡眠已经是最大的生活技巧时”符合语境，故选C。