【英语】北京市海淀区2025-2026学年高二下学期期中练习试题（学生版+解析版）

这是一份【英语】北京市海淀区2025-2026学年高二下学期期中练习试题（学生版+解析版），共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分：知识运用 (共三节，41分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Back in July 2024, my dctr said I was suffering frm an anxiety disrder. But she didn’t seem very ___1___, nr did I. I left with a sense f ___2___ at having the mystery f my mental health revealed, withut the need fr a cure.
Fr the next nine mnths, I struggled with my jb and stayed in a cnditin that left me an anxius mess. I culdn’t sleep r eat. The anxiety that ruled my life meant I culdn’t ___3___. I felt alne in my pain.
By March 2025, my family decided t take me away frm Lndn fr a week f fishing in Sctland. Fr years, they had dragged me alng n fishing trips until I was ld enugh t ___4___.
Fishing always felt like failure t me because I just didn’t make it. I wanted t stay inside, reading a bk r watching TV, rather than ut in the cld and wet. But this time was ___5___. I fund myself in the gentle rhythm f ___6___ the line and watching the fly mve thrugh the air. There were ___7___ thrugh the frest t different pls, a cup f cffee here and there, and breaking fr lunch with my family t enjy a gd time. I was with my family, hping the days wuld last lnger.
On the final mrning, I caught my first fish. I fund myself clse t tears. Catching that fish made me realize I had ___8___ ver the way I felt. I have smething nw that gives me hpe when life is at its ___9___ time. That small shining fish represented all f this.
I still g fishing t this day. I als read, write, run, ck, swim, talk and laugh-but fishing is the thing that absrbs me mst cmpletely. It quiets the chas arund me, letting me cnnect with nature’s rhythm. In my search fr _____10_____, fishing is my perfect partner.
1. A. pleasedB. frightenedC. surprisedD. wrried
2. A. reliefB. cncernC. freedmD. cmfrt
3. A. take ffB. give inC. break dwnD. switch ff
4. A. vlunteerB. refuseC. stpD. judge
5. A. differentB. effectiveC. imprtantD. challenging
6. A. drawingB. managingC. checkingD. casting
7. A. pathsB. walksC. risksD. experiences
8. A. pwerB. hpeC. cntrlD. cnfidence
9. A. happiestB. tughestC. earliestD. best
10. A. lifeB. balanceC. peaceD. jy
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者患焦虑症后艰难挣扎，后来家人带他去钓鱼，在钓鱼的过程中，大自然疗愈了他的焦虑，此后，钓鱼成了他的心灵寄托。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但她似乎并不是很担心，我也不担心。A. pleased开心的；满意的；B. frightened害怕的，惊恐的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. wrried焦急的，担忧的。根据上文“But”及下文“withut the need fr a cure.”可知，作者被诊断焦虑症，觉得没必要治疗，因此医生应该觉得没什么，不用担心。
【2题详解】
考查名词。句意：我带着一种轻松的感觉离开了，因为我的心理健康之谜被揭开了，而不需要治疗。A. relief轻松，欣慰；B. cncern关心，担心；C. freedm自由；D. cmfrt安慰；舒适。根据下文“having the mystery f my mental health revealed, withut the need fr a cure”可知，作者觉得并不需要治疗，所以应该是感觉轻松的。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：焦虑支配着我的生活，这意味着我不能再忽视。A. take ff脱下；起飞；B. give in屈服；C. break dwn分解；出故障；D. switch ff不再注意，无视。根据上文“stayed in a cnditin that left me an anxius mess. I culdn’t sleep r eat. The anxiety that ruled my life”及下文“I felt alne in my pain.”可知，刚开始作者没担心自己的病，后来已经无法正常生活工作，所以这意味着作者不能再对自己的病症无视了。
【4题详解】
考查动词。句意：多年来，他们一直拖着我一起去钓鱼，直到我长大到可以拒绝为止。A. vlunteer自愿做；B. refuse拒绝；C. stp停止；阻止；D. judge评判；判断。根据上文“Fr years, they had dragged me alng n fishing trips”可知，作者小时候不愿去钓鱼，是家里人拖着作者去的，不能拒绝，后来年龄大了作者才可以拒绝家人。
【5题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但这一次不同了。A. different不同的；B. effective有效的；C. imprtant重要的；D. challenging困难的；有挑战性的。根据上文“Fishing always felt like failure t me because I just didn’t make it. I wanted t stay inside, reading a bk r watching TV, rather than ut in the cld and wet.”以及空前的“But”和下文的描述可知，作者以前不喜欢也不擅长钓鱼，转折后应该是这次家人带他去钓鱼的体验是不同于过去的。
【6题详解】
考查动词。句意：我发现自己沉浸在抛线的轻柔节奏中，看着苍蝇在空中移动。A. drawing画画；拉拽；B. managing经营；设法；C. checking检查，核对；D. casting投射；扔，掷。根据空后“the line”可知，作者这一次钓鱼以前不一样，很享受钓鱼，空后宾语the line指鱼线，故此处指抛出鱼线。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们穿过森林，漫步到不同的池塘，到处喝杯咖啡，和家人一起吃午饭，享受美好的时光。A. paths道路；B. walks散步；C. risks风险；D. experiences经历。根据下文“thrugh the frest t different pls, a cup f cffee here and there, and breaking fr lunch with my family”可知，作者在列举钓鱼时候的一些其他休闲活动，从森林到不同的池塘应该是散步。
【8题详解】
考查名词。句意：钓到那条鱼让我意识到我可以控制自己的感受。A. pwer力量；权利；B. hpe希望；C. cntrl控制；D. cnfidence信心。根据第二段“Fr the next nine mnths, I struggled with my jb and stayed in a cnditin that left me an anxius mess. I culdn’t sleep r eat. The anxiety that ruled my life meant”以及下文“I have smething nw that gives me hpe”可知，在此次来钓鱼之前，焦虑控制了作者的生活，此处应该指作者此次和家人钓鱼感受很美好并成功钓到了一条鱼，他觉得自己可以掌控自己的心情，生活有了希望。此处cntrl呼应上文的ruled。
【9题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在生活最艰难的时候，我有了一些东西给我希望。A. happiest最快乐的；B. tughest最艰难的；C. earliest最早的；D. best最好的。根据第二段“Fr the next nine mnths, I struggled with my jb and stayed in a cnditin that left me an anxius mess. I culdn’t sleep r eat. The anxiety that ruled my life meant”可知，在此次来钓鱼之前，焦虑控制了作者的生活，故此处描述的是来钓鱼之前的艰难状况。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：在我寻求平静的过程中，钓鱼是我的最佳伙伴。A. life生活；生命；B. balance平衡；C. peace和平，安宁；D. jy快乐。根据上文“It quiets the chas arund me”可知，作者认为钓鱼能使自己心情平静，作者以前焦虑，想要追求心灵的平静时，钓鱼给了他希望，故此处peace呼应quiets。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Garden f Wrld’s Flwers, a tp scenic spt, ____11____ (lcate) in Fengtai District. It basts seven themed greenhuses displaying ver 2,000 trpical, subtrpical and desert plant species. Inside the garden stands the Earth Academy, a ppular nature educatin hub featuring cute animals, and interactive science prgrams ____12____ (intend) fr visitrs f all ages. Visitrs can enjy clse-up animal encunters and hands-n eclgy learning. The garden als ffers seasnal flwers and ptted plants fr purchase. ____13____ (blend) btanical appreciatin, wildlife interactin, ppular science and leisure, it is an ideal year-rund destinatin fr families and nature lvers.
【答案】11. is lcated 12. intended 13. Blending
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了世界花卉大观园这一顶级风景区的信息。
【11题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：世界花卉大观园是一处顶级风景区，位于丰台区。此处作谓语动词，主语为The Garden f Wrld’s Flwers，为单数，与lcate之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动is lcated。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：园中坐落着地球学院——一个备受欢迎的自然教育中心，设有可爱的动物以及面向各年龄段游客的互动科学节目。此处作后置定语，修饰名词prgrams，prgrams与intend之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式intended作后置定语。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这里融合了植物鉴赏、野生动物互动、科普与休闲，是家庭和自然爱好者全年皆宜的理想目的地。此处在句中作状语，主语it指代“世界花卉大观园”，与blend之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词blending作状语。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yuan Mei nce ____14____ (write) a pem entitled Mss (苔). It carries a clear and simple message. ____15____ it is tiny, and has pr cnditins fr grwth, mss is able t thrive just like the peny. In the mdern wrld, mre and mre individuals frm rural areas are flding int cities ____16____ (find) success. With this wave f urbanizatin, cmpetitin fr jbs, relatinships and just abut everything else is fierce. Ordinary peple lacking cnnectins, a desirable appearance r ther desired qualities can ften feel frustrated with their circumstances. The pem reminds us that we dn’t have t be the peny.
【答案】14. wrte 15. Althugh##Thugh##While 16. t find
【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了袁枚的诗《苔》所传达的信息，以及在现代社会中该诗给人们的启示。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：袁枚曾写过一首题为《苔》的诗。设空处为谓语，根据“nce”可知，此处使用一般过去时。
【15题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然苔藓很小，生长条件也很差，但它能像牡丹一样茁壮成长。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折让步关系，所以用althugh/thugh/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在现代社会，越来越多的农村人口涌入城市寻找成功。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词“are flding”，空处需填非谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处表示目的，需用动词不定式。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it ____17____ (take) mre than a hundred lives. Many peple fear it culd be the next glbal epidemic especially as scientists ____18____ have gne int detail studying tissue samples frm the bdies f peple wh died f the 1918 Spanish flu have prved that bird flu is a mdern ____19____ (adapt) f that virus. One f the earliest epidemics n recrd happened between abut 500 and 550 CE. Scientists nw estimate that up t 50% f the area’s ppulatin died frm the epidemic. Then ____20____ the 1330s, this epidemic returned this time in Asia, it spread rapidly t Eurpe and became knwn as the black death.
【答案】17. has taken 18. wh##that 19. adaptatin 20. in
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了禽流感的传播和变异。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：自从1997年禽流感首次出现以来，它已经夺走了上百条生命。此处在主句中作谓语动词，主语为it，为单数，与take之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语“Since bird flu first appeared in 1997”可知，此处应使用现在完成时has taken。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：许多人担心它可能成为下一次全球流行病，尤其是因为那些详细研究1918年西班牙流感死者组织样本的科学家已经证明，禽流感是那种病毒的现代变种。此处引导定语从句，先行词是scientists，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用wh或that引导定语从句。
【19题详解】
考查词名词。句意：禽流感是那种病毒的现代变种。此处在句中作表语，且被形容词mdern修饰，adapt的名词形式“adaptatin适应、改编、变种”符合，且空前有冠词a，故应用名词的单数形式。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后，在14世纪30年代，这种流行病再次出现，这次在亚洲，很快就传到了欧洲，并成为了著名的“黑死病”。此处意为“在14世纪30年代”，表示在某世纪某年代，应用介词in。
第三节 (共11小题；每小题1分，共11分)
根据提示，从选项中选择合适的单词，并使用这个单词的恰当形式补全句子。
21. It is imprtant t ________ yur wn strengths and weaknesses in study.
22. The ________ student can slve difficult prblems in a shrt time.
23. A ________ friend is smene wh always helps yu when yu are in truble.
24. The gvernment has taken measures t prmte ________ and reduce pverty.
25. Online ________ is required befre yu take part in the cmpetitin.
26. A ________ huse in the twn f Maycmb has interested many lcal children.
【答案】21. identify 22. intelligent 23. reliable 24. emplyment 25. registratin 26. mysterius
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：在学习中认清自己的长处和短处是很重要的。根据句意，identify“认清，识别出”符合题意，It is imprtant t d sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事是重要的”，t为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个聪明的学生能在短时间内解决难题。根据句意可知，此处指“聪明的”，intelligence的形容词形式intelligent符合题意，作定语修饰名词student。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：可靠的朋友是在你遇到困难时总是帮助你的人。根据句意，此处指“可靠的”，rely的形容词形式reliable符合题意，作定语修饰名词friend。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府已采取措施促进就业和减少贫困。根据句意此处指“就业”，emply的名词形式emplyment符合题意，作动词prmte的宾语。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：参加比赛前需要在线注册。根据句意，此处指“注册”，register的名词形式registratin“注册”符合题意，作主语。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：梅科姆镇上一座神秘的房子引起了许多当地孩子的兴趣。根据句意可知，此处指“神秘的”，mystery的形容词形式mysterius符合题意，作定语修饰名词huse。
根据提示，从选项中选择合适的单词，并使用这个单词的恰当形式补全句子。
27. We shuld say n t ________ and build a peaceful and safe cmmunity.
28. There is a high ________ that yu will succeed with cntinuus effrts.
29. After many practices, she gave a very ________ speech befre the whle class.
30. In ________ with last term, I have made bvius prgress in English.
31. The new plan will be ________ put int use at the beginning f next term.
【答案】27. vilence 28. likelihd 29. plished 30. cmparisn 31. fficially
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们应该对暴力说不，建设一个和平安全的社区。空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意“暴力”可知应填vilence，不可数名词。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过不断的努力，你很有可能成功。空处应填名词作主语，结合句意“可能”可知应填likelihd，a high likelihd表示“很有可能”。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：经过多次练习，她在全班同学面前做了一次非常精彩的演讲。修饰后文名词speech应用形容词，结合句意“精彩的”可知应填plished，表示“完美的，精彩的”。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：与上学期相比，我在英语方面取得了明显的进步。结合句意表示“与……相比”可知短语为in cmparisn with。
【31题详解】
考查副词。句意：新计划将于下学期初正式投入使用。修饰后文动词短语put int use应用副词，结合句意“正式地”可知应填fficially。
第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共11小题；每小题2分，共22分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I had been cnsidering giving up. Fr the past eight years, I’ve met with prspective first-year students as a vlunteer interviewer fr my alma mater (母校). The reprts I submit after the interviews becme part f their admissins file. But acceptance rate f my university is lw and each time I see the wrd “Denied” next t ne f my interviewees’ names at the end f an admissins cycle, I feel a little mre heartbrken.
Dn’t get me wrng. I’ve gtten t knw lads f inspiring kids, and a handful f them were ffered a spt. After a cycle in which nne f my interviewees was green-lighted, thugh, I started t wnder: In expressing my enthusiasm fr my university in interviews, was I ding them a favr r setting them up fr disappintment? Was it fair f me t share an inside lk int my university when mst wn’t have access t it?
Then, ut f the blue, I received a text frm ne f “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me fr getting her int my university. I was tuched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) f what seemed t be a misguided assumptin f hw the admissins prcess wrks.
We met fr cffee a few mnths later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussin f her classes, her prfessrs, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She tld me she had submitted a request t spend 20 minutes with her admissins file. I culdn’t understand why she wanted t take the time t lk. Culdn’t she just enjy her time as an admitted student withut being distracted by disturbing questins f whether she belnged?
As it turns ut, Layla learned that the admissins fficer wh first read her file was n the fence abut her but then decided t put her applicatin thrugh fr anther read because f what I’d written in my interview reprt. My vice had made a difference.
Layla fund the relief she’d been lking fr: Why was she here? Did she really matter t this incredible cmmunity? Seeing her put her wrries t rest helped me d the same with my wn. Maybe smetimes we all need t hear that we matter.
32. What made the authr cnsider giving up the vlunteer wrk?
A. Getting tired f writing interview reprts.
B. Failing t help sme f the prmising kids.
C. Disappintment with interviewees’ abilities.
D. Inability t stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm.
33. Initially, the authr viewed Layla’s thank-yu text as ________.
A. a reliefB. a distractinC. a rewardD. a misunderstanding
34. Why did Layla request t review her admissins file?
A. T ease her wrries abut future.
B. T clarify the authr’s cnfusin.
C. T cnfirm she deserved the admissin.
D. T prve the authr’s reprt played a rle.
35. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Each sul needs a witness.B. Every clud has a silver lining.
C. What ges arund cmes arund.D. What matters always vices itself.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者八年担任母校志愿面试官，因不少优秀申请者落选心生放弃念头，后来收到被录取学生莱拉的感谢，最终知晓自己的面试报告起到关键作用，明白每个人都需要被肯定、被看见的暖心故事。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But acceptance rate f my university is lw and each time I see the wrd “Denied” next t ne f my interviewees’ names at the end f an admissins cycle, I feel a little mre heartbrken. (但我所在大学的录取率很低，每当在招生周期结束时，看到我的面试者名字旁边写着“被拒”时，我都会感到更加心碎。)”以及第二段“I’ve gtten t knw lads f inspiring kids, and a handful f them were ffered a spt. After a cycle in which nne f my interviewees was green-lighted, thugh, I started t wnder: In expressing my enthusiasm fr my university in interviews, was I ding them a favr r setting them up fr disappintment? (我确实结识了不少鼓舞人心的孩子，其中有几位获得了录取资格。然而，在一个周期里，没有一个面试者被录取，我开始怀疑：在面试中表达我对大学的热情，我是在帮他们还是让他们失望？)”可知，作者多次看到有潜力的面试者被拒，感到沮丧和心碎，开始怀疑自己的工作是否有意义，因此考虑放弃志愿工作。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“She thanked me fr getting her int my university. I was tuched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) f what seemed t be a misguided assumptin f hw the admissins prcess wrks. (她感谢我让她进入了我的大学。我很感动，但我在心里否定了这种看似对录取过程有误解的假设的合理性。)”可知，作者最初认为Layla的感谢信息是对录取过程的一种误解，因为作者知道录取过程复杂，不是一个人能决定的。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“She tld me she had submitted a request t spend 20 minutes with her admissins file. I culdn’t understand why she wanted t take the time t lk. Culdn’t she just enjy her time as an admitted student withut being distracted by disturbing questins f whether she belnged? (她告诉我，她已经提交了申请，要求花20分钟查看她的录取档案。我不明白她为什么要花时间去看。她就不能享受作为被录取学生的时光，而不被是否属于这里这种令人不安的问题所干扰吗？)”以及第五段“As it turns ut, Layla learned that the admissins fficer wh first read her file was n the fence abut her but then decided t put her applicatin thrugh fr anther read because f what I’d written in my interview reprt. My vice had made a difference. (事实证明，Layla得知，最初阅读她档案的招生官对她持保留态度，但后来决定因为我在面试报告中写的内容，再给她一次机会。我的意见起到了作用。)”可知，Layla查看录取档案是为了确认自己是否真的值得被录取，以及了解录取过程中的具体细节，尤其是作者在面试报告中所起的作用。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Seeing her put her wrries t rest helped me d the same with my wn. Maybe smetimes we all need t hear that we matter. (看到她放下顾虑，也帮助我放下了自己的顾虑。也许有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音。)”可知，文章通过作者和Layla的经历，传达了“每个人的存在都有意义，有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音”这一主题。A项“Each sul needs a witness. (每个灵魂都需要一个见证者。)”符合文章主旨，意思是每个人的存在和价值都需要被认可和见证。故选A项。
B
Evan Selinger, prfessr in RIT’s Department f Philsphy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) f AI and the plicy gaps that need t be filled in.
Thrugh a humanities viewpint, Selinger asks the questins, “Hw can AI cause harm, and what can gvernments and cmpanies creating AI prgrams d t address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary apprach.
“AI ethics g beynd technical fixes. Philsphers and ther humanities experts are uniquely skilled t address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value cnflicts, and pwer dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial fr addressing current issues. We desperately need them t prmte anticipatry (先行的) gvernance,” said Selinger.
One example that illustrates hw philsphy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly grwing technlgies is Selinger’s wrk cllabrating with a special AI prject. “One f the skills I bring t the table is identifying cre ethical issues in emerging technlgies that haven’t been built r used by the public. We can take preventative steps t limit risk, including changing hw the technlgy is designed.” said Selinger.
Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part f the nging jurney in pursuit f creating respnsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step apprach fr gd gvernance. “AI ethics have cre values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement abut interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accuntability mechanisms,” said Selinger. “Sme peple are rightly wrried that AI can becme integrated int ‘ethics washing’ — weak checklists, flwery missin statements, and empty rhetric that cvers ver abuses f pwer. Frtunately, I’ve had great cnversatins abut this issue, including with sme experts, n why it is imprtant t cnsider a range f psitins.”
Sme f Selinger’s recent research has fcused n the back-end issues with develping AI, such as the human impact that cmes with testing AI chatbts befre they’re released t the public. Other issues fcus n plicy, such as what t d abut the dangers psed by facial recgnitin and ther autmated surveillance (监视) appraches.
Selinger is making sure his students are infrmed abut the nging industry cnversatins n AI ethics and respnsible AI. “Students are ging t be future tech leaders. Nw is the time t help them think abut what gals their cmpanies shuld have and the csts f minimizing ethical cncerns. Beynd scial csts, dwnplaying ethics can negatively impact crprate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “T attract tp talent, yu need t cnsider whether yur cmpany matches their interests and hpes fr the future.”
36. Selinger advcates an interdisciplinary apprach because .
A. it can avid scial cnflicts and pressing issues
B. AI ethics heavily depends n technlgical slutins
C. it demnstrates the pwer f anticipatry gvernance
D. humanities experts pssess skills essential fr AI ethics
37. T prmte respnsible AI, Selinger believes we shuld .
A. adpt a systematic apprach
B. apply innvative technlgies
C. anticipate ethical risks befrehand
D. establish accuntability mechanisms
38. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Mre cmpanies will use AI t attract tp talent.
B. Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future.
C. Selinger favrs cmpanies that match his students’ values.
D. Selinger is likely t fcus n back-end issues such as plicy.
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B
【语篇解读】文章主要说明了RIT哲学系教授Evan Selinger对于对人工智能的伦理的一些看法和建议。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Selinger的话“AI ethics g beynd technical fixes. Philsphers and ther humanities experts are uniquely skilled t address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value cnflicts, and pwer dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial fr addressing current issues. We desperately need them t prmte anticipatry (先行的) gvernance (人工智能伦理问题并非仅靠技术手段就能解决。哲学家及其他人文学科专家拥有独特的技能，能够处理微妙的准则、价值冲突和权力动态。这些技能不仅对于解决当前问题至关重要，我们更迫切地需要它们来推动前瞻性治理)”可知，Selinger倡导跨学科方法是因为哲学家和其他人文学科专家拥有处理AI伦理问题所必需的独特技能。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Selinger的话“One f the skills I bring t the table is identifying cre ethical issues in emerging technlgies that haven’t been built r used by the public. We can take preventative steps t limit risk, including changing hw the technlgy is designed. (我能提供的一项技能是识别新兴技术中尚未被公众构建或使用的核心伦理问题。我们可以采取预防措施来限制风险，包括改变技术的设计方式)”以及第五段中“Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part f the nging jurney in pursuit f creating respnsible AI. (采取这些预防措施并定期重新评估需要应对的风险，是追求创造负责任的AI的持续过程的一部分)”可知，为了促进负责任的AI，Selinger认为我们应该预先预测伦理风险。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Students are ging t be future tech leaders. Nw is the time t help them think abut what gals their cmpanies shuld have and the csts f minimizing ethical cncerns. Beynd scial csts, dwnplaying ethics can negatively impact crprate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “T attract tp talent, yu need t cnsider whether yur cmpany matches their interests and hpes fr the future.”(Selinger说道：“学生们将成为未来的科技领袖。现在是时候帮助他们思考他们的公司应该有什么样的目标，以及最小化道德问题的成本。除了社会成本之外，轻视道德还会对企业文化和招聘产生负面影响。为了吸引顶尖人才，你需要考虑你的公司是否符合他们的兴趣和对未来的希望。”)”可推知，理解人工智能伦理对学生未来有帮助。
C
Arguably, the biggest science develpment f the year t date has been the images f the very depths f the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST). Thse images beg a cmparisn between the external and internal universes that science is bent n bserving and understanding.
Decades ag, astrphysicist Carl Sagan famusly said, “The universe is als within. We’re made f star-stuff. We are a way fr the universe t knw itself. ” He was cmmenting then n the reality that ur internal universe was as cmplex and as fantastic as the uter space.
There are many similarities between the prgress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing tgether life’s inner wrkings. Like the technlgical develpments that tk us frm Galile’s telescpe t the Hubble t the JWST, life science tls have als imprved rapidly. Frm early light micrscpes t mdern super-reslutin nes, these develpments have affrded researchers a deep lk int bilgy’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were cmpsed f cells was, nt a terribly lng time ag, a revlutinary bservatin. Since then, scientists have been able t dive ever deeper int the cmpnents f life.
Ging beynd merely bserving the cmplicated makeup f rganisms, life scientists can nw discver the wrkings f mlecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs frm peering int bilgy. Understanding the universe, especially frm a functinal standpint, is nt necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding bilgy n that level is. Simply bserving the amazing internal structure f cells is nt enugh. Bilgists must als characterize hw all thse parts interact and change in different envirnments and when faced with varius challenges. Being able t image a virus r bacterium is nice at the level f basic science. But knwing hw viruses gain entry int cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Thrugh time, bilgy has risen t this mechanistic challenge. Nt nly can life science tls prduce images f cell cmpnents, even mre imprtantly, they can help predict the effects f drugs n receptrs, f immune cells n freign invaders (入侵者), and f genetic perturbatins (基因干扰) n develpment and aging.
This is nt t belittle the wrk f scientists researching int universe. They shuld rightly be praised fr delivering views f impssibly distant, impssibly massive phenmena. My aim is t celebrate these accmplishments while at the same time recgnizing that science’s inward search fr detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, mre urgent. The utput f bth the utward and inward explratins shuld stimulate wnder in everyne. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
39. Why des the authr qute Carl Sagan’s cmment in Paragraph 2?
A. T intrduce the backgrund.B. T prve an assumptin.
C. T make a cmparisn.D. T present an idea.
40. Like the study f the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study apprachesB. system management
C. research facilitiesD. technlgy integratin
41. We can infer frm Paragraph 4 that bilgists’ wrk is ________.
A. practicalB. riskyC. flexibleD. ppular
42. As fr life science, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. It has received universal recgnitin.B. It shuld enjy pririty in develpment.
C. It can be applied in the majrity f areas.D. It is mre cmplicated than space science.
【答案】39. D 40. C 41. A 42. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ag, astrphysicist Carl Sagan famusly said, “The universe is als within is. We’re made f star-stuff. We are a way fr the universe t knw itself. ” He was cmmenting then n the reality that ur internal universe was as cmplex and as fantastic as the uter space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technlgical develpments that tk us frm Galile’s telescpe t the Hubble t the JWST, life science tls have als imprved rapidly. Frm early light micrscpes t mdern super-reslutin nes, these develpments have affrded researchers a deep lk int bilgy’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Bilgists must als characterize hw all thse parts interact and change in different envirnments and when faced with varius challenges. Being able t image a virus r bacterium is nice at the level f basic science. But knwing hw viruses gain entry int cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Thrugh time, bilgy has risen t this mechanistic challenge. Nt nly can life science tls prduce images f cell cmpnents, even mre imprtantly, they can help predict the effects f drugs n receptrs, f immune cells n freign invaders (入侵者), and f genetic perturbatins (基因干扰) n develpment and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is t celebrate these accmplishments while at the same time recgnizing that science’s inward search fr detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, mre urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When was the last time yu lked at smething r felt smething and said, “Ww”? Recent studies fund that a lt f peple are in emtinal distress. S hw can yu rediscver the jys in yur day-t-day life and recapture that sense f childhd wnder? Here’s hw yu can find them.
____43____ Thrughut the day, stp what yu are ding t listen t music, play with a ty r ddle n a piece f paper. Stretching yur brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate yur imaginatin.
Get creative. Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, mdeling with clay, dancing, r writing in a jurnal, creative pursuits are a great place t find jy. ____44____
Turn ff yur phne and enjy the silence. Technlgy can be a gd thing and prvide us with many pprtunities, but it can als numb (使迟钝) us t the wws arund us and be an nging distractin. Turn yur phne ff fr ne hur, a whle day r even an entire weekend. Yu culd als try turning ff the televisin, music r radi fr a few minutes t give yurself sme ttal silence. ____45____
Listen. Really listen. When was the last time yu remembered everything smene said t yu? ____46____ Having a new-fund curisity and cnsideratin fr the ther persn might lead yu t sme surprising discveries and take yu utside f yurself.
Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. Finding pprtunities where yu can push yurself ut f yur cmfrt zne will als give yu a better chance f finding a ww experience. ____47____ Even attempting a 5k when yu are nt quite ready fr a marathn can really help.
A. Take a play break.
B. Change yur rutine.
C. This desn’t have t mean a big, life-changing activity.
D. This can help take yu back t a childlike state, in a wrld f wnder.
E. When talking t ther peple, try t be present with whever yu are with.
F. Take a minute t ntice and really pay attentin t where yu are, what yu’re ding and what’s ging n arund yu.
G. What’s mre, when yu find flw in a creative activity, yu might find inspiratin fr ther areas f yur life.
【答案】43. A 44. G 45. F 46. E 47. C
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了缓解情绪困扰，找回生活中的快乐的几种方法。
【43题详解】
空处为小标题。根据后文“Thrughut the day, stp what yu are ding t listen t music, play with a ty r ddle n a piece f paper. Stretching yur brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate yur imaginatin.(一整天，停下手头的工作，听听音乐，玩玩玩具或在纸上涂鸦。用不同的方式伸展你的大脑，做白日梦可以激发你的想象力)”可知，本段建议要注意休息；A选项“通过玩乐来休息”符合本段主旨。故选A项。
【44题详解】
本段小标题为“变得有创造力”，前文“Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, mdeling with clay, dancing, r writing in a jurnal, creative pursuits are a great place t find jy.(无论是演奏乐器，素描，绘画，用粘土做模型，跳舞，还是写日记，创造性的追求都是找到快乐的好地方)”表明创造力是一种好方法；G选项“更重要的是，当你在创造性活动中发现心流时，你可能会在生活的其他领域找到灵感”同样表明创造力的重要性。故选G项。
【45题详解】
前文“Turn yur phne ff fr ne hur, a whle day r even an entire weekend. Yu culd als try turning ff the televisin, music r radi fr a few minutes t give yurself sme ttal silence.(关掉手机一个小时，一天，甚至整个周末。你也可以试着关掉电视、音乐或收音机几分钟，让自己完全安静下来)”表明要远离电子设备；F选项“花一分钟的时间去注意你在哪里，你在做什么，你周围发生了什么”表明关掉电子设备后，应将注意力集中在自己身上，符合语境。故选F项。
【46题详解】
前文“Listen. Really listen. When was the last time yu remembered everything smene said t yu?(聆听。真的聆听。你上一次记得别人对你说的话是什么时候)”表示应与其它人互动，E选项“当和别人交谈时，试着和你在一起的人在一起”告诉我们如何与别人互动。故选E项。
【47题详解】
本段小标题为“走出你的舒适区”，后文“Even attempting a 5k when yu are nt quite ready fr a marathn can really help.(即使是在你还没准备好参加马拉松的时候尝试5公里也会有帮助)”表示小的行为也会有帮助；C选项“这并不一定意味着一个重大的，改变生活的活动”引出下文，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，27分)
第一节 (共4小题；第48、49小题各2分，第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
My dad is a crsswrd-lver. When I was a little girl, Dad wuld read his crsswrd puzzles t me frm a magazine. I can still remember hw he turned his pencil excitedly as he discvered a new phrase. If my attentin weakened, he wuld say, “Feeling sleepy? Never mind, I’ll keep reading. Sme f the wrds may crawl int yur mind.” Bit by bit, Dad intrduced me t the pwer f wrds and guided my life’s calling, a purpse I never questined r bthered t pursue.
Years passing, I grew int a prfessinal writer. I fund that he never asked me t suggest a wrd r help him with a puzzle when I was wrking. Fr him, my wrds were precius; each held value. But it did nt matter much t me hw much I gt paid fr writing. I wrte because I lved wrd-craft and making up stries that brught ideas t life.
Recently when an editr surprised me with a lwer rate f pay fr a piece f essay that they chse t publish nline rather than in print, I was kind f hurt! But I cmfrted myself by lking at the bright side — s many peple read the piece and shared jyful emtins and praise n scial media. Althugh sme wrldly-wise friends tld me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well rewarded.
While I was cntent, a certain anxiety wuld secretly emerge: wuld the thught f earnings cheapen the dignity f my wrk? Dad’s slutin was: “Why nt bth? Mney isn’t everything, but isn’t it gd t have enugh t help yurself and thse clse t yu? And fr yur talents and effrts t be valued?” Dad believed nt nly that mre wealth did nt mean greater happiness, but als that n effrt shuld be undervalued.
Tday, when dubts clud my mind, I think f Dad’s pencil: its purpse may be t slve a crsswrd puzzle, but it was als there fr anyne writing dwn a life-changing number in a lttery ticket. S culdn’t my wrds help cmplete my life purpse and earn a better living t? Nw I take up assignments — sme that pay well, sme that dn’t — and they bth fill me with jy.
48. Why did the authr’s father stp asking her fr help with crsswrd puzzles after she became a writer?
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49. What made the authr feel hurt recently?
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50. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The authr’s father believed that mney isn’t everything, s the authr shuld accept n pay fr her essay.
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51. What will yu d t keep yur passin while making a living as the authr did? (abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】48. Fr him, his daughter’s wrds were precius; each held value.
49. Recently when an editr surprised her with a lwer rate f pay fr a piece f essay that they chse t publish nline rather than in print.
50. The authr’s father believed that mney isn’t everything, s the authr shuld accept n pay fr her essay.
Dad believed nt nly that mre wealth did nt mean greater happiness, but als that n effrt shuld be undervalued. /It is gd t have enugh t help herself and thse clse t the authr, and fr her talents and effrts t be valued.
51. One pssible versin:
I will cmbine my passin with my career if pssible, making it a way t supprt myself. If nt, I will develp my hbby in my spare time t relax and keep my enthusiasm alive, nt letting mney kill my lve.
【语篇解读】文章讲述了作者从小受父亲影响热爱文字创作，成为作家后面对收入与创作热情的平衡问题，最终领悟到可以兼顾两者，既追求生活目标又获得更好生活。
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“I fund that he never asked me t suggest a wrd r help him with a puzzle when I was wrking. Fr him, my wrds were precius; each held value. (我发现，当我工作时，他从不让我建议一个词或帮他解谜。对他来说，我的词很珍贵；每个都有价值。)”可知，作者的父亲在作者成为作家后不再让她帮忙解填字游戏是因为他认为女儿的词语很珍贵，每个都有价值。
【49题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Recently when an editr surprised me with a lwer rate f pay fr a piece f essay that they chse t publish nline rather than in print, I was kind f hurt! (最近，一位编辑决定把我的一篇文章改为只在网上发表，并给了我较低的稿费，这让我有些受伤！)”可知，最近让作者感到受伤的是一位编辑以较低的稿费对她选择在网上而不是在印刷品上发表的一篇文章。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“Dad believed nt nly that mre wealth did nt mean greater happiness, but als that n effrt shuld be undervalued. (爸爸不仅相信更多的财富并不意味着更大的幸福，而且相信任何努力都不应该被低估。)”可知，作者的父亲认为钱不是一切，但也认为任何努力都不应该被低估，所以“作者的父亲认为钱不是一切，所以作者不应该为她的文章接受任何报酬”中错误部分为“the authr shuld accept n pay fr her essay”。
【51题详解】
考查开放题。文章讲述了作者如何平衡创作热情与生活收入的问题，结合文章最后一段“Nw I take up assignments — sme that pay well, sme that dn’t — and they bth fill me with jy. (现在我接受任务——有些报酬丰厚，有些报酬不高——但它们都让我充满喜悦。)”可知，作者的做法是接受报酬不同但都能带来喜悦的任务，所以可以回答I will cmbine my passin with my career if pssible, making it a way t supprt myself. If nt, I will develp my hbby in my spare time t relax and keep my enthusiasm alive, nt letting mney kill my lve.
第二节 (15分)
52. 假定你是红星中学高二学生李华，得知国家图书馆正在招募暑期“英语阅读沙龙” (English Reading Saln) 活动的主持人，请写一封英文申请信，内容包括：
1. 个人优势；
2. 流程设想。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madame,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madame,
I’m Li Hua, a Senir Tw student frm Hngxing Middle Schl. I’m writing t apply t be the hst f the English Reading Saln in the summer vacatin.
I’m passinate abut English reading and have a gd cmmand f spken English, which allws me t cmmunicate smthly. Besides, I’ve hsted several English activities at schl, gaining rich experience in rganizing and guiding interactins.
Fr the saln prcess, I plan t start with a 5-minute intrductin f the recmmended bk. Then, we’ll have a 20-minute grup discussin n key chapters. Finally, I’ll invite 2-3 students t share their thughts, ending with a brief summary.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd give me this pprtunity.
Yurs,
Li Huarely emply intelligence mystery register identity wander cmfrt
likely blank vilent cmpare fficial plish