江西宜春市宜丰中学2025-2026学年（下）高二英语（一） 阶段测试英语试题(1)含答案

这是一份江西宜春市宜丰中学2025-2026学年（下）高二英语（一） 阶段测试英语试题(1)含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了5 分，满分 7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.Why d the tw speakers want t g int a bar?
A. Because they dn’t want t be caught in the rain.
B. Because they want t have a drink.
C. Because they want t meet anther friend.
2.Hw lng will the man have t wait befre the plane takes ff at the airprt?
A. 105 minutes. B. 80 minutes. C. 75 minutes.
3.What is the wman ging t buy?
A. Pants suit. B. A bluse. C. A cat.
4.What can we learn frm this cnversatin?
A. Michael is playing in the garden.
B. Sally is playing in the garden.
C. Sally is nt present here.
5.What kind f cffee des the man prefer?
A. White cffee withut sugar.
B. Cffee with sugar.
C. Cffee withut milk r sugar.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. Fr which day did the man bk a rm finally?
A. April 22nd. B. April 21st. C. April 23rd.
7. Hw much will the man pay fr the rm?
A. 100 dllars. B. 99 dllars. C. 108 dllars.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why desn’t the man bk the seats dwnstairs?
A. It’s t expensive. B. It’s t crwded. C. It’s t far.
9. When des the man plan t see the perfrmance?
A. Next Saturday. B. On Octber 21st. C. On Octber 25th.
10. Hw much des each upstairs ticket cst?
A. $10. B. $3.75. C. $2.50.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the pssible relatinship between the tw speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Saleswman and custmer.
12. Where is Tm Brwn wrking nw?
A. In the Spanish department.
B. At the French Cmpany.
C. In the Natinal Bank.
13. Which language d yu think Kathy Smith teaches nw?
A. German. B. Spanish. C. French.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
14. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. In a bank. B. At an airprt ticket ffice. C. At a plice statin.
15. Where was the wman’s mney prbably stlen?
A. Near the bank.
B. On the mving stair frm the undergrund.
C. Arund the plice statin.
16. What’s the wman ding in the city?
A. Ding a business. B. Paying a visit. C. Having lessns
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What was children’s educatin like in the past?
A. Children liked t sit in the classrm fr hurs.
B. Children had t g n repeating things until they culd learn them by heart.
C. Children culd think and learn by themselves.
18. What d we learn frm the passage?
A. Children tday like staying in schl.
B. Sme children tday hate t get ut f the classrm when the teachers ask them t.
C. Smething shuld be dne t encurage children t learn by themselves.
19. Why can’t sme f the children find jbs?
A. They are t yung t d s.
B. Their parents wn’t allw them t d s.
C. The teachers wn’t help them d s.
20. What d many teachers cnsider?
A. Wndering if they can make children learn.
B. Wndering if children can learn by themselves.
C. Wndering what they shuld d t help children learn.
二、阅读理解（每小题 2.5 分，共 50 分）
第一节（共 40 分）
A
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1 ．What d the adventures in Csta Rica and Alaska have in cmmn?
A ．They fcus n bear eclgy. B ．They ffer luxury tent cabins.
C ．They prvide guidance frm specialists. D ．They cnduct in-depth explratin f vlcanes.
2 ．What can visitrs d during the Galapags cruise?
A ．Learn sailing skills. B ．Attend educatinal talks.
C ．Jin a large turist grup. D ．Participate in cnservatin wrk.
3 ．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A ．A travel brchure. B ．A wildlife reprt. C ．A bilgy textbk. D ．An adventure blg.
B
Back in 2003, Erica Hernandez was just a kid helping 20 adults take care f the beach.
They verheard a plan t build a prcessing statin fr natural gas 14 miles ff the cast f
Oxnard. The plant wuld send ver 200 tns f air pllutin per year t Erica’s cmmunity. Nt nly that, the statin wuld take in millins f gallns f seawater per day t cl its generatrs, and discharge the water mre than 15 degrees centigrade htter than the surrunding cean. This ht wastewater wuld cause serius harm t the surrunding ecsystem, killing tiny creatures and small fish critical t the survival f marine mammals and fisheries.
Erica cared t much t stay silent. She jined her friends in weekly prtests at the ffice f the natural gas cmpany. Prspects f stpping the prject did nt lk gd. The gvernr was in favr f it, and s were the pwerful state cmmissins that wuld have t apprve it. “The wrd
n the street was that there was nthing we culd d.”
Behind the scenes, hwever, ppsitin was grwing, s Erica became the spkespersn fr the yuth f the twn. She regularly walked her neighbrhd alng the rute f the prpsed
pipeline, using a hula hp t shw peple the size f the pipe that wuld pass by their huses.
She talked t the media, and stries abut the dangers fthe prpsed facility began appearing in the press. “We made thusands f phne calls and sent thusands f pstcards telling the gvernr why this facility was a bad idea.” In July 2007, the gvernr made an unexpected mve: He turned dwn the prject. Erica and her friends wn!
As nly the secnd persn in her family t g t cllege, Erica wants t becme an
envirnmental lawyer s she can fight fr the envirnment and fr the rights f cmmunities. She wants ther yung peple t speak ut when they see smething wrng, even if they feel shy
abut it at first. She likes t qute the wrds f her rle mdel, César Chávez: “We are the future. The future is urs.”
4 ．What can be learned abut the t-be-built prcessing statin?
A ．It is climate-damaging. B ．It is eclgically-unfriendly.
C ．It prvides energy t the lcals. D ．It uses seawater-driven generatrs.
5 ．Why des the authr mentin the gvernr?
A ．T express Erica’s desperate md. B ．T shw the great barriers Erica faced.
C．T stress the supprt frm the gvernment. D．T blame the prtest n the fficial’s inactin.
6 ．Which f the fllwing can best describe Erica?
A ．Creative and industrius. B ．Pineering and curius.
C ．Determined and respnsible. D ．Adventurus and talkative.
7 ．What message is mainly cnveyed thrugh Erica’s stry?
A ．Curage is always rewarded in the end.
B ．Success depends n teamwrk and cperatin.
C ．Yung peple can bring abut change by speaking up.
D ．Envirnmental prtectin shuld cme befre ecnmic develpment.
C
Readers may be familiar with the humrus idea that humans are nly the third-cleverest
species n Earth after mice and dlphins. But perhaps Duglas Adams shuld have included
dlphins’ cetacean cusins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale cmmunicatin. Sperm whales cmmunicate using a series f clicks researchers call “cdas”, which lk a lt like vwels in human languages.
Fr linguists, vwels are characterized by the free flw f air thrugh a vibrating vcal
tract. In cntrast, cnsnants invlve disruptins fthe airflw. A vwel’s basic pitch(technically called F0)is determined by the speaker’s sex and bdy size. But by mving tngue and lips we
shape the sund int higher-pitched “frmants”(F1, F2, F3, etc.). Whether we hear an “ah” r an “ee” depends n the relatinship between these frmants.
T humans, sperm-whale cdas d nt sund like pitches at all; the clicks are much t
infrequent and irregular. The clicks becme a cntinuus tne nly when they ccur 20 t 40
times per secnd. But when the whales’ silences were remved in sftware, the researchers culd cnsider them as pitches nevertheless, and lk mre clsely at their ther qualities.
The next step was taken with the help f artificial intelligence(AI). The researchers used an AI system trained t learn human language t examine the cdas. Gasper Begus, a linguist at the University f Califrnia and the study’s lead authr, says that the AI led them t study the pitch
patterns f the clicks — nes that wrk like human vwel sunds.
Sure enugh, the whale cdas cntained tw sund patterns resembling thse in the F1 and F2 frmants f human vwels, but at a much lwer pitch. Based n this resemblance, the
researchers called them the a-cda and i-cda vwels. They even fund that whales culd prduce diphthngs — tw vwels gliding quickly frm ne t anther, like the ah-ee sund in English
wrds like “ride” and “time”. The whales d all this ften in what researchers call
“cnversatins”.
Exactly what the whales may be saying t each ther remains unknwn — althugh
wrking that ut is CETI’s eventual gal. That will require a large bdy f vcalizatins t study, as well as an equally big number f bservatins f hw the animals behave and interact with each ther.
8 ．Why des the authr refer t Duglas Adams’s jke abut mice, dlphins and humans?
A ．T illustrate a pint B ．T give an example
C ．T make a cmparisn D ．T intrduce a tpic
9 ．What des the wrd “disruptins” underlined in paragraph 2 mean?
A ．cmplete stps B ．breaks in flw C ．increases in speed D ．extra energy
10 ．What d we knw abut sperm whales frm the passage?
A ．They cmmunicate in quite a similar way t humans.
B ．They prduce cntinuus clicks that sund like pitches.
C ．They create click patterns resembling human vwels.
D ．They culd prduce diphthngs like “ride” and “time”.
11 ．What can we infer abut the CETI researchers frm the last paragraph?
A ．They have paid mre attentin t the whales’ vcalizatins than t their behavirs.
B ．They have uncvered the nature f the whales’ scial behavirs and interactins.
C ．They will decde the whales’ calls by bserving their behavirs and interactins.
D ．They will carry ut mre research t better understand the whales’ cnversatins.
D
Philsphers suffer frm a bad reputatin fr dry and dull expressin. The ideals fr mst philsphical writing are precisin, clarity, and the srt f cnceptual analysis that leaves n hair un-split.
There is nthing wrng with clarity, precisin, and the like but this isn’t the nly apprach t philsphical inquiry. Outside academic jurnals, abstract philsphical ideas are ften
expressed thrugh literature, cinema, and music. Nthing captures attentin quite like an
appealing tale, and there exist prfundly philsphical stries that engage and delight, rather than lull the reader t sleep.
One f the great things abut this is that, unlike frmal philsphy, which strives t be very clear, stries dn’t wear their meanings n their sleeve — they require interpretatin, and ften
express cnflicting ideas fr the reader t wrestle with.
Cnsider what philsphers term the metaphysics (形而上学) f race — an area f
philsphy that explres the questin f whether race is real. Three primary psitins can be
adpted n this matter. One might think that a persn’s race is written in their genes (a psitin
knwn as “bilgical realism”). Alternatively, ne might view race as scially cnstructed, similar t cncepts like weekdays r currencies (“scial cnstructinism”). Finally, ne might argue that
races are unreal — mre cmparable t mythical creatures like dragns and unicrns than t Thursdays r dllars (“anti-realism”).
In Black N Mre, Gerge Schuyler ffers a scial cnstructinist perspective n race. The stry fllws a Black scientist named Crkman wh invents a prcedure that makes Black peple visually indistinguishable frm Whites. Thusands f African Americans flck t Crkman’s
Black N Mre clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash t underg the prcedure. White racists can n lnger distinguish thse peple wh are “really” White frm thse wh merely appear t
be White. In a cncluding episde, Crkman discvers that new Whites are actually a whiter
shade f pale than thse wh were brn that way, which kicks ff a trend f sunbathing t darken ne’s skin s as t lk mre authentically White.
Philsphically rich stries such as this breathe vitality int mre technical philsphical wrks. They serve as narratives t think with, prviding vivid, engaging access t cmplex abstract debates.
12 ．What is a crucial difference between frmal philsphy and stries?
A ．Stries are intended t be mre precise.
B ．Frmal philsphy avids abstract ideas.
C ．Stries inspire appreciatin and critical thinking.
D ．Frmal philsphy exists in academic jurnals nly.
13 ．Which categry might “natinal identity” fall int accrding t paragraph 4?
A ．Bilgical realism. B ．Anti-realism.
C ．Scial cnstructinism. D ．Literary realism.
14 ．What message is cnveyed in the nvel Black N Mre?
A ．Race is actually real. B ．Race is entirely fictinal.
C ．Race is bilgically fixed. D ．Race is scially shaped.
15 ．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing this text?
A ．T criticize philsphical writing fr being bring.
B ．T argue that stries are superir t frmal philsphy.
C ．T detail three metaphysical perspectives regarding race.
D ．T demnstrate literature’s capacity t explre philsphy.
第二节 七选五（10 分）
Sleep inertia (惰性) is a shrt-term feeling f sleepiness yu can experience after waking up frm a shrt sleep r lng sleep. Sleep inertia can cause bth mental and physical symptms (症
状), such as experiencing slw reactin times and being in a bad md. These symptms are mst nticeable immediately after waking up. 16 Hwever, sme peple may experience
sleep inertia symptms fr up t tw hurs.
When yu sleep, yur bdy cycles thrugh several stages f sleep. ____17____ Sleep
inertia seems t happen when this awakening prcess is disrupted (打断). Sleep inertia is mre likely t happen when yu’ve wken up suddenly frm the deep sleep stage, r when yu’ve wken up during the middle f the night.
18 One idea is that deep sleep brain waves haven’t weakened yet when yu wake. Anther pssibility is that t much adensine, a sleep chemical, builds up and causes sleepiness. Other experts think sleep inertia may als ccur because sudden waking reduces bld flw t the brain.
Sleep inertia is cmmn and cnsidered t be a nrmal experience. But sme peple may be mre likely t experience sleep inertia. Fr example, duty wrkers ften experience sleep
inertia due t irregular sleep schedules. And peple with mental health issues like anxiety and depressin, ften experience sleep disrders. 19
T reduce sleep inertia, experts recmmend imprving yur sleep habits. This invlves fllwing a regular sleep-wake schedule by ging t bed and getting up at the same times every day. 20 If yu nap during the day, keep the nap under 30minutes, as this helps avid deep sleep and waking sleepiness.
A ．These factrs can make waking up harder.
B ．Sleep inertia becmes less cmmn with age.
C ．In mst cases, sleep inertia is a nrmal experience.
D ．Fr mst, sleepiness disappears within half an hur.
E ．Yur bdy needs time t adapt t waking up frm sleep.
F ．Experts have suggested sme explanatins fr sleep inertia.
G ．It als includes getting at least seven hurs f sleep per night.
三、完形填空（15 分）
A few weeks ag, while accidentally listening t a radi prgramme, a piece abut laughter caught my ear. I was the health benefits claimed by the presenters. I wndered if it
was pssible t add mre int my days, r if this was just a deeply idea brn frm t many cffees? Curius and slightly excited, I decided t begin my jurney
laughter.
At first, the task felt strange. I asked friends and family t _________ me with “funny
memries”. Hwever, they either said they’d get back t me and didn’t, r pinted me t nline vides.
Next, I “laughter yga” recmmended nline. Laughter yga, I discvered, was a cmbinatin f facial expressins and fake chuckles (假笑) that, when tgether,
result in a farewell ceremny t any pride yu ever had. I kept , until lked up at my tw-year-ld sn wh was by my expressins. His cncern caught me ff guard and ultimately I laughing, — althugh I refused t laughter yga fr this.
Changing yur diet can als raise yur , experts say, but I didn’t try that. Perhaps I
shuld have gne t the HahaHuse Museum f Laughter in Cratia, but the cst f getting there wuld have made my laughter .
Ultimately, what I realised is that it’s nt particularly _________ t try and create daily
laughter. Thse “funny memries” shuld be cared fr and in mments f sadness r nstalgia. But d stay away frm laughter yga.
21 ．A ．cnfident abut B ．interested in C ．satisfied with
D ．disappinted by
22 ．A ．cmfrt B ．exercise C ．laughter D ．adventure
23 ．A ．riginal B ．brilliant C ．familiar D ．strange
24 ．A ．in search f B ．in exchange fr C ．in cmparisn with D ．in charge f
25 ．A ．shck B ．infrm C ．amuse D ．remind
26 ．A ．tried B ．taught C ．prmted D ．intrduced
27 ．A ．simplified B ．transfrmed C ．described D ．perfrmed
28 ．A ．practising B ．bserving C ．pinting D ．listening
29 ．A ．amazed B ．tuched C ．frightened D ．encuraged
30 ．A ．gave up B ．ended up C ．tk t D ．turned t
31 ．A ．save B ．prvide C ．credit D ．prepare
32 ．A ．influence B ．spirits C ．awareness D ．standards
33 ．A ．flw B ．spread C ．ring D ．disappear
34 ．A ．uncmmn B ．challenging C ．inapprpriate D ．sensible
35 ．A ．predictable B ．accessible C ．typical D ．different
四、语法填空（15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Scts may well have standardized glf as we knw it, making 36 a game f
18 hles. But it is still uncertain 37 first came up with the idea. The Rmans played a
game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wl 38 (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called clf as early as the 13th century.
But the mst interesting — and in many ways cnvincing — evidence ever 39
(dcument) f an early versin f glf cmes frm China. A game called chuiwan became ppular in the Sng dynasty. Players used ten clubs t hit wden balls twards ____40____ (bright)
clured flags — sund familiar? They had a club fr lng distances, a precursr (前身) f the mdern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, r base 41 English.
There was even an early versin fthe R&A Rules f Glf: Wan Jing, r The Classic f the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It ____42____ (lay) ut the rules, and placed great
43 (emphasize) n sprtsmanship and crrect behaviur — similar t mdern glf.
There’s als a reference in an ancient bk t an fficial f the Suthern Tang dynasty
44 (tell) his daughter t “dig hles in the grund” s he culd hit a ball int them using a special stick.
The game seems 45 (die) ut in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a ryal and ancient game.
五、书面表达（40 分）
第一节（15 分）
46 ．假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展题为“My Experience f Envirnmental Prtectin”的
故事大赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
（1） 你参与的一次环保活动；
（2） 该经历对你个人的影响。
注意：
（1） 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
（2） 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Experience f Envirnmental Prtectin
第二节 （25 分）
47 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my daughters reached third and furth grades, I smetimes allwed them t walk t and frm schl alne if the weather permitted. One warm spring day, a small friend fllwed
them hme after schl. This friend had shrt legs and lng flppy (松垂的) ears, with a furry
cat and tiny spts acrss her nse. She was the cutest puppy I had ever seen and my girls begged me t keep her.
She was nt mre than twelve weeks ld. She had n identifying marks f any srt. I didn’t knw what t d. I thught abut running an ad in the Lst and Fund but I really didn’t want t. It wuld break the kids’ hearts if smene shuld shw up. Besides, her wners shuld have
watched her mre clsely, I thught.
By the end f the week she was part f ur family. She was very clever and gd with the girls. The fllwing week smething tld me t check the Lst and Fund sectin in the lcal
paper. One particular ad caught my attentin and my heart sank. Smene was searching fr a lst puppy near ur grade schl. He sunded desperate. My hands shk. I culd nt ask myself t
pick up the phne.
Instead, I pretended I hadn’t seen the ad. I quickly put the paper aside and tried t ignre it.
I never said anything abut it t the kids r my husband.
We named the puppy Mlly. She fllwed the girls everywhere they went. When they went utside, she was ne step behind them. When they did husewrk, she was there t help.
There was nly ne prblem with this perfect dg: My cnscience (良心) was bthering me. I knew in my heart I had t call that number and see if ur Mlly was the puppy the persn was
desperately lking fr.
注意：
1 ．续写词数应为 150 左右；
2 ．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
With mixed feelings, Ifinally picked up the phne.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Opening the dr, I saw a wman with a little girl sitting in a small wheelchair.
1 ．C 2 ．B 3 ．A
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了哥斯达黎加、斯里兰卡、阿拉斯加和加拉帕戈斯群岛四处生态探险行程，聚焦野生动物观察与自然保护。
1 ．细节理解题。根据 The science f bidiversity: Csta Rica 部分“Enjy guided walks arund several reserves and natinal parks with lcal cnservatinists.(与当地的环保专家一同在多个保护区和国家公园内进行有导游带领的徒步旅行)”和 Alaskan brwn bear, eclgy and
wilderness adventure 部分“Guided by expert naturalists, gain fascinating insights int bear
eclgy.(在经验丰富的自然学家的带领下，你将深入了解熊类的生态习性，收获诸多令人着迷的见解)”可知，二者的共同点是由专家提供指导。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Accmpanied thrughut by passinate naturalist James Csta, wh will bring the islands t life thrugh dynamic lectures and engaging discussins.(在整个过程中，都会有一位充满激情的自然学家詹姆斯·科斯塔相伴左右。他将通过生动的讲座和精彩的讨论，让这些岛屿栩栩如生地呈现在大家面前)”可知，在加拉帕戈斯群岛的游轮之旅中，游客们可以参加教育讲座。故选 B。
3 ．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Ultimate Bucket List Wildlife Adventures(终极野生动物探险清单)”以及本文介绍了哥斯达黎加、斯里兰卡、阿拉斯加和加拉帕戈斯群岛四处生态探险行程，聚焦野生动物观察与自然保护。可知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游宣传册。故选 A。
4 ．B 5 ．B 6 ．C 7 ．C
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Erica Hernandez 为阻止对生态环境有害的天然气处理站建设，积极组织抗议活动，最终成功推动项目被否决，并立志成为环保律师，鼓励年轻人勇敢发声的故事。
4 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“This ht wastewater wuld cause serius harm t the surrunding ecsystem, killing tiny creatures and small fish critical t the survival f marine mammals and
fisheries.(这些高温废水会对周围生态系统造成严重危害，杀死对海洋哺乳动物和渔业生存至关重要的微小生物和小鱼。)”可知，拟建的处理站会对生态系统造成严重危害，即生态不友好。故选 B。
5 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“The gvernr was in favr f it, and s were the pwerful state
cmmissins that wuld have t apprve it.(州长支持它，那些必须批准它的强大的州委员会也支持它。)”可知，作者提到州长是为了表明 Erica 在阻止项目时面临的巨大障碍。故选 B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“She jined her friends in weekly prtests at the ffice f the natural
gas cmpany.(她和朋友们每周都在天然气公司办公室抗议。)” 以及第三段“She regularly
walked her neighbrhd alng the rute f the prpsed pipeline, using a hula hp t shw
peple the size f the pipe that wuld pass by their huses.(她经常沿着拟议的管道路线在社区行走，用呼啦圈向人们展示管道的大小。)”等行为可知，Erica 面对强大阻力仍坚持抗议，积极行动，体现出她的坚定与责任感。故选 C。
7 ．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“She wants ther yung peple t speak ut when they see
smething wrng, even if they feel shy abut it at first.(她希望其他年轻人在看到问题时勇敢发声，即使一开始会感到害羞。)” 以及她的事迹可知，文章主要传达的信息是年轻人可以通过发声带来改变。故选 C。
. . . .
8 D 9 B 10 C 11 D
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，抹香鲸的咔哒交流声（尾音）与人类元音的音峰模式高度相似，甚至能发出双元音。目前其具体含义仍未知，研究人员将开展更多研究以破解它们的交流内容。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Readers may be familiar with the humrus idea that humans are nly the third-cleverest species n Earth after mice and dlphins. But perhaps Duglas Adams
shuld have included dlphins ’ cetacean cusins. In a paper just published in Open Mind, CETI
researchers describe a strikingly human-like feature in whale cmmunicatin. Sperm whales
cmmunicate using a series f clicks researchers call “cdas”, which lk a lt like vwels in
human languages.( 读者们或许都听说过这样一个有趣的说法：人类在地球上仅次于老鼠和海豚的智力排名中仅位列第三。但或许道格拉斯·亚当斯本应该把海豚的鲸类近亲也纳入其中。在刚刚发表于《开放思维》杂志的一篇论文中，CETI 研究人员描述了鲸鱼交流中一个与人类极为相似的特征。抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音” ，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”可知，文章开头用幽默的说法引出海豚、鲸鱼这类动物，随后转入核心话题：鲸鱼的交流方式存在类似人类语言的特征。引用笑话的目的是引出本文主题。故选 D 项。
9 ．词句猜测题。划线词所在句中的“In cntrast(相比之下)”一词明确和前一句建立了对比关系。前一句“Fr linguists, vwels are characterized by the free flw f air thrugh a vibrating
vcal tract.( 对于语言学家来说，元音的特点是空气在振动的声道中自由流动。)”指出“元音的特点是气流自由通过振动的声道” ，由此可推断，后一句所描述的辅音应与“ 自由通过”形成相反情况，即气流会受到某种阻碍或干扰。因此，“disruptins”在此语境中应理解为“气流
的中断或阻断” 。故选 B。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sperm whales cmmunicate using a series f clicks researchers call “cdas”, which lk a lt like vwels in human languages.( 抹香鲸通过一系列的咔哒声进行交流，研究人员将这些咔哒声称为“尾音” ，它们看起来与人类语言中的元音非常相似。)”以及第五段中“Sure enugh, the whale cdas cntained tw sund patterns resembling thse in
the F1 and F2 frmants f human vwels, but at a much lwer pitch.( 果然，鲸鱼的尾音包含了两种类似于人类元音 F1 和 F2 形成频率的音调模式，但音调要低得多。)”可知，抹香鲸的尾音（咔哒声模式）与人类元音相似。故选 C 项。
11 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exactly what the whales may be saying t each ther remains unknwn — althugh wrking that ut is CETI’s eventual gal. That will require a large bdy f vcalizatins t study, as well as an equally big number f bservatins f hw the animals
behave and interact with each ther.( 至于鲸鱼之间究竟在彼此传达什么信息， 目前仍不得而知——尽管弄清楚这一点是 CETI 的最终目标。这将需要大量的声音记录来进行研究，同时还需要对这些动物的行为以及它们之间的互动进行大量的观察。)”可推知，目前仍未弄懂鲸鱼的交流内容，研究人员需要开展更多研究。故选 D 项。
12 ．C 13 ．C 14 ．D 15 ．D
这是一篇议论文。哲学家常被认为枯燥晦涩，而文学故事能生动表达哲学思想。文章以《不再是黑人》为例，说明故事可助力读者理解种族等抽象哲学问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“One f the great things abut this is that, unlike frmal philsphy, which strives t be very clear, stries dn’t wear their meanings n their sleeve — they require
interpretatin, and ften express cnflicting ideas fr the reader t wrestle with.(其优点之一在于，与严谨的哲学相比，故事并不刻意追求清晰明了。故事不会将其含义一览无余地展现在读者面前——它们需要读者去解读，而且往往会表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者去思考和理解)”可知，正式的哲学与故事之间存在的一个关键的区别是故事能够激发人们的欣赏能力和批判性思维。故选 C。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alternatively, ne might view race as scially cnstructed, similar t cncepts like weekdays r currencies (“scial cnstructinism”).(或者，人们也可以将种族视为一种社会建构的概念，类似于“工作日”或“货币”这类概念（“社会建构论”）)”可知，“ 民族认同”属于社会建构主义。故选 C。
14 ．细节理解题。根据“In Black N Mre, Gerge Schuyler ffers a scial cnstructinist
perspective n race.( 在《不再是黑人》这部作品中，乔治 ・ 舒勒就种族问题提出了社会建构
主义的观点)”可知，小说《不再是黑人》表达了种族是由社会所塑造的。故选 D。
15 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Philsphically rich stries such as this breathe vitality int
mre technical philsphical wrks. They serve as narratives t think with, prviding vivid,
engaging access t cmplex abstract debates.(像这样的富有哲理的故事能够为更为专业的哲学著作注入活力。它们充当了思考的载体，为复杂的抽象辩论提供了生动且引人入胜的阐释途径)”可知，作者撰写这篇文章的主要目的是展示文学在探讨哲学方面的能力。故选 D。
16 ．D 17 ．E 18 ．F 19 ．A 20 ．G
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠惰性的定义、成因、易发病人群及缓解方法，说明其是正常现象且可通过良好睡眠习惯改善。
16 ．由上文“These symptms are mst nticeable immediately after waking up.(这些症状在醒来后立即最为明显。)”以及下文“Hwever, sme peple may experience sleep inertia symptms fr up t tw hurs.(然而，有些人可能会经历长达两小时的睡眠惰性症状。)”可知，前文说明睡眠惰性症状醒来后立即显现，下文用转折指出部分人持续时间长，空格处应说明大多数人的症状持续时间，D 项“Fr mst, sleepiness disappears within half an hur.(对大多数人来说，困倦感会在半小时内消失。)”符合此处语境，与下文形成转折对比，其中“sleepiness”对应上文“sleep inertia symptms” 。故选 D 项。
17 ．由上文“When yu sleep, yur bdy cycles thrugh several stages f sleep.(当你睡觉时，你的身体会经历几个睡眠阶段。)” 以及下文“Sleep inertia seems t happen when this awakening prcess is disrupted (打断).(当这个觉醒过程被打断时，似乎就会出现睡眠惰性。)”可知，前文提到睡眠阶段，下文引出觉醒过程被打断的影响，空格处应衔接睡眠与觉醒的过渡，E 项“Yur bdy needs time t adapt t waking up frm sleep.(你的身体需要时间来适应从睡眠中醒来。)”符合此处语境，其中“waking up frm sleep”对应下文“awakening prcess”，起到承上启下的作用。故选 E 项。
18 ．由下文“One idea is that deep sleep brain waves haven’t weakened yet when yu wake.
Anther pssibility is that t much adensine, a sleep chemical, builds up and causes sleepiness. Other experts think sleep inertia may als ccur because sudden waking reduces bld flw t the brain.(一种观点是，当你醒来时，深度睡眠的脑电波还没有减弱。另一种可能性是，过多的腺苷（一种睡眠化学物质）积累会导致困倦。其他专家认为，睡眠惰性也可能因为突然醒来
减少了流向大脑的血液而发生。)”可知，下文列举了专家对睡眠惰性的几种解释，空格处应总起该内容，F 项“Experts have suggested sme explanatins fr sleep inertia.(专家们对睡眠惰性提出了一些解释。)”符合此处语境，总起下文的具体解释内容。故选 F 项。
19 ．由上文“Fr example, duty wrkers ften experience sleep inertia due t irregular sleep
schedules. And peple with mental health issues like anxiety and depressin, ften experience
sleep disrders.(例如，值班人员由于不规律的睡眠时间经常会经历睡眠惰性。而有焦虑和抑郁等心理健康问题的人，经常会经历睡眠障碍。)”可知，前文列举了容易经历睡眠惰性的人群及原因，空格处应说明这些原因的影响，A 项“These factrs can make waking up harder.(这些因素会让醒来变得更困难。)”符合此处语境，其中“These factrs”指代上文“irregular sleep schedules”和“sleep disrders” ，承接上文逻辑。故选 A 项。
20．由上文“This invlves fllwing a regular sleep-wake schedule by ging t bed and getting up at the same times every day.(这包括遵循规律的作息时间表，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床。)”以及下文“If yu nap during the day, keep the nap under 30minutes, as this helps avid deep sleep and waking sleepiness.(如果你白天小睡，保持小睡时间在 30 分钟以内，因为这有助于避免深度睡眠和醒来后的困倦。)”可知，前文和下文均是改善睡眠习惯、减少睡眠惰性的具体建议，空格处应补充相关建议，G 项“It als includes getting at least seven hurs f sleep per night.(它还包括每晚至少睡 7 小时。)”符合此处语境，其中 It 指代上文“imprving yur sleep habits”， “als”承接上文的作息建议，与下文小睡建议形成并列。故选 G 项。
21 ．B 22 ．C 23 ．D 24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．A 27 ．D 28 ．A
29 ．C 30 ．B 31 ．C 32 ．B 33 ．D 34 ．D 35 ．B
本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然听到广播中关于笑对健康有益的内容， 决定尝试在生活中多笑，尝试多种方法后感悟到刻意制造笑声并不明智，应珍惜有趣回忆。
21．考查形容词短语辨析。句意： 我对主持人所宣称的健康益处很感兴趣。A. cnfident abut对 自信；B. interested in 对 感兴趣；C. satisfied with 对 满意；D. disappinted by对 失望。根据前文“a piece abut laughter caught my ear”可知，关于笑的内容吸引了作者，说明作者对此感兴趣。故选 B 项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我想知道是否有可能在我的日常生活中增加更多笑声，或者这只是一个因喝太多咖啡而产生的奇怪想法？A. cmfrt 安慰；B. exercise 锻炼；C. laughter笑声；D. adventure 冒险。根据前文围绕“laughter”展开，所以作者是想在生活中加入更多笑
声 故选 C 项
。 。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想知道是否有可能在我的日常生活中增加更多笑声，或者这只是一个因喝太多咖啡而产生的奇怪想法？A. riginal 原创的；B. brilliant 杰出的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. strange 奇怪的。根据后文“At first, the task felt strange”可知，作者一开始觉得这个想法很奇怪。故选 D 项。
24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：怀着好奇和些许兴奋，我决定开始我的寻找笑声之旅。 "A.insearchf" A. in "A.insearchf" search f 寻找；B. in exchange fr 交换；C. in cmparisn with 与 比较；D. in charge f 负责。根据前文“I wndered if it was pssible t add mre int my days”可知，作者想要在生活中增加笑声，因此开启寻找笑声的旅程。故选 A 项。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让朋友和家人用“有趣的回忆”逗我笑。A. shck 使震惊； B. infrm 通知；C. amuse 逗乐；D. remind 提醒。根据后文“funny memries”可知，作者想让家人朋友用有趣回忆逗自己开心。故选 C 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，我尝试了网上推荐的“笑瑜伽”。A. tried 尝试；B. taught教；C. prmted 促进；D. intrduced 介绍。根据后文“Laughter yga, I discvered, was a
cmbinatin f facial expressins and fake chuckles”可知，作者亲自体验后了解了笑瑜伽，说明是尝试了笑瑜伽。故选 A 项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，笑瑜伽是面部表情和假笑的结合，当一起做这些动作时，会让你所有的自尊心都荡然无存。A. simplified 简化；B. transfrmed 转化；C. described描述；D. perfrmed 做，执行。根据“facial expressins and fake chuckles (假笑)”可知，这些表情和假笑需要被做出来。故选 D 项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直练习，直到抬头看到我两岁的儿子，他被我的表情吓到了。A. practising 练习；B. bserving 观察；C. pinting 指向；D. listening 听。根据后文“until lked up at my tw-year-ld sn wh was by my expressins”可知，作者一直在重复这些面部表情和假笑，一直在练习。故选 A 项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直练习，直到抬头看到我两岁的儿子，他被我的表情吓到了。A. amazed 惊讶的；B. tuched 感动的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. encuraged 受鼓舞的。根据后文“His cncern caught me ff guard”可知，儿子对作者的表情感到担忧害怕。故选C 项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的担忧让我措手不及，最终我笑了出来——尽管我不把这归功于笑瑜伽。A. gave up 放弃；B. ended up 最终；C. tk t 喜欢；D. turned t 转向。根据
前文“ultimately”可知，虽然并不认为是笑瑜伽的作用，作者最终还是笑了。故选 B 项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的担忧让我措手不及，最终我笑了出来——尽管我不把这归功于笑瑜伽。 "A.save" A. save 节省；B. prvide 提供； "C.credit" C. credit 认为是 的功劳；D. prepare 准备。根据前文“His cncern caught me ff guard and ultimately I laughing”可知，是儿子的反应让作者笑了，所以作者不认为自己发笑是笑瑜伽的功劳。故选 C 项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家说，改变饮食也能提升情绪，但我没有尝试。A. influence影响；B. spirits 情绪；C. awareness 意识；D. standards 标准。根据前文全文围绕“laughter”展开，提升情绪与笑的主题一致。故选 B 项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该去克罗地亚的哈哈屋笑声博物馆，但去那里的费用会让我的笑声消失。A. flw 流动；B. spread 传播；C. ring 响；D. disappear 消失。根据“the cst f getting there”可推知，高昂费用会让作者笑不出来，笑声消失。故选 D 项。
34 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终，我意识到尝试刻意制造日常笑声并不是特别明智。 A. uncmmn 不寻常的；B. challenging 有挑战的；C. inapprpriate 不恰当的；D. sensible 明智的。根据后文“But d stay away frm laughter yga” 可知，作者否定刻意制造笑声的行为，认为此举不明智。故选 D 项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些“有趣的回忆”应该被珍惜，在悲伤或怀旧的时刻可以随时获取。A. predictable 可预测的；B. accessible 可获取的；C. typical 典型的；D. different不同的。根据“in mments f sadness r nstalgia”可知，有趣回忆应在需要时能被想起和可获取。故选 B 项。
36 ．it 37 ．wh 38 ．was hit 39 ．dcumented 40 ．brightly 41 ．in
42 ．laid 43 ．emphasis 44 ．telling 45 ．t have died
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高尔夫运动的起源存在不确定性， 且早期版本的相关证据显示其可能源于中国。
36 ．考查代词。句意：苏格兰人很可能将我们所熟知的高尔夫运动标准化，使其成为一项
18 洞的运动。此处指代前面的 glf，作 making 的宾语，用代词 it。故填 it。
37 ．考查主语从句。句意：但目前仍不确定是谁首先提出了这个想法。句中 it 作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，需用连接代词 wh 引导。故填 wh。
38．考查动词时态和语态。句意： 罗马人玩一种叫做 paganica 的游戏，用弯曲的棍子击打塞满羽毛和羊毛的球，而荷兰人在 13 世纪早期就玩一种叫做 clf 的棍球游戏。根据 played 和
as early as the 13th century 可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，定语从句的主语 a ball 和 hit 为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be 动词用 was 。故填 was hit。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：但迄今为止，关于高尔夫早期版本的最有趣的——在许多方面也是最有说服力的——证据来自中国。句子谓语动词是 cmes frm，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 evidence，dcument 和与其逻辑主语 evidence 为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填 dcumented。
40 ．考查副词。句意：玩家们用十根球杆将木球击向颜色鲜艳的旗帜——听起来很熟悉吧？修饰形容词 clured 需用副词 brightly“明亮地；鲜明地”作状语。故填 brightly。
41．考查介词。句意：他们有一种用于长距离的球杆，是现代一号木杆的前身，而发球台在英语中被称为“ji”或“base” 。in English 为固定短语，意为“用英语” 。故填 in。
42．考查动词时态。句意：它制定了规则，并非常强调体育精神和正确的行为——类似于现代高尔夫。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，lay 的过去式是 laid ，lay ut 为固定搭配，意为“制定，列出” 。故填 laid。
43．考查名词。句意同上。空处需填 emphasize 的名词形式 emphasis 作宾语，place emphasis n 为固定短语，意为“强调” 。故填 emphasis。
44 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一本古籍中还提到南唐的一位官员告诉他的女儿“在地上挖洞” ，这样他就可以用一根特殊的棍子把球打进洞里。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词 fficial ，tell 与其逻辑主语 fficial 为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填 telling。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种运动在清朝时期似乎在中国已经消亡，但它无疑是一种皇室和古老的运动。seem t d sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，根据 during the Qing dynasty可知，此处表示已经消亡，需用动词不定式的完成式 t have dne 。故填 t have died。
46 ． My Experience f Envirnmental Prtectin
Last summer, Ijined a cmmunity cleanup at a nearby riverbank. Armed with glves and bags, my classmates and I spent the mrning cllecting plastic bttles, wrappers, and ther litter that plluted the water and harmed wildlife. Thugh the wrk was tiring under the ht sun, seeing the cleared bank and cleaner water filled us with pride.
This experience deeply influenced me. It made me realize that even small individual actins can create psitive change. Since then, I have becme mre cnscius f reducing waste, reusing items, and encuraging thers t prtect ur envirnment.
47 ．范文
With mixed feelings, Ifinally picked up the phne. Secretly I was praying n ne wuld
answer, but a wman did. As I described the dg t her in detail, her vice shk with excitement and she wanted t cme ver right away. Within minutes I heard a vehicle stp at the driveway
and sme ftsteps stp at the dr. Head cradled in my hands and heart hammering, I had a thusand thughts crssing my mind: I culd pretend I wasn’t hme r tell her “I’m srry yu have the wrng address”. But it was t late. The bell rang and Mlly was barking.
Opening the dr, Isaw a wman with a little girl sitting in a small wheelchair. One lk at Mlly, the little girl’s face lit up. “Here, Lucy,” she yelled. “Cme here!” Mlly instantly beyed, wagging her tail wildly. My heart sank. Seemingly sensing my feelings, the wman explained that Lucy (Mlly) was mre than just a puppy t her daughter, wh was left crippled fr life in an
accident. “Lucy gave her a reasn t live,” she chked. Suddenly I felt relieved. As they pulled ut f the drive, I smiled, knwing I had dne the right thing—that puppy was exactly where she
belnged.