备战2025年高考英语抢分秘籍(新高考专用)猜押阅读理解之说明文(按话题分类)(学生版+解析)练习

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押题预测目录
一、原理和效应类
押题1
The “lipstick effect” refers t the idea that wmen purchase mre lipsticks when the ecnmy is in bad shape. A 2020 study published by the Jurnal f Behaviral and Experimental Ecnmics investigated the spending habits f wmen aging 18-40 during the 2007 recessin (衰退). They fund a rise in make-up purchases during the years when mney was the tightest. There are a few theries that try t explain this seemingly impractical trend.
In a 2021 article published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, researchers therized that the “lipstick effect” was a result f evlutinary mating psychlgy. “The lipstick effect reflects a strategic shift in wmen’s cnsumer behavir that is guided by the desire t attract the mates they mst desire in an envirnment where they are rare,” the researchers cncluded.
Thugh this paper is frequently cited, a 2020 study published in the Jurnal f Behaviral and Experimental Ecnmics suggested that the wmen wh cntributed t the increase in csmetic purchases included an even mixture f married and single wmen, emplyed and unemplyed.
It turns ut, the mst ppular lipstick clr fr wmen t buy is cntrary t what men find the mst bewitching. That said, there are varius ptential reasns why lipstick purchases increase when the ecnmy is dwn, and they have nthing t d with mating and the male stare.
“Perhaps peple simply trade dwn t cheaper luxury and feel-gd purchases when mney gets tight,” cnsumer psychlgist at the University f the Arts, Lndn, Dr. Paul Marsden, tld Byrdie. This is a great assumptin, cnsidering a survey cnducted by Ebates.cm fund that 51.8% f adult Americans purchase prducts when they are seeking t imprve their md.
Hwever, there has yet t be any cnclusive evidence explaining the “lipstick effect”. Whether it’s lipstick, single-use facials, r a new bk, purchasing lw-cst luxury items can be a pick-me-up in the face f tugh times.
1．What can we knw frm the 2021 article?
A．It did nt bserve single wmen’s behavir.
B．It shwed n respect fr female cnsumers.
C．It narrwed wmen’s cnsumptin mtives.
D．It just paid attentin t csmetic markets.
2．What des the underlined wrd “bewitching” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Ecnmical.B．Inviting.C．Shcking.D．Luxurius.
3．What des the “lipstick effect” mainly discuss?
A．Shifts f marketing strategies in recessins.
B．Cnsumptin psychlgy f yung adults.
C．Causes f females’ lw purchasing pwer.
D．Preference f buying affrdable prducts.
4．What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Peple in bad ecnmic times try t lift spirits.
B．Paul Marsden ffered a cnclusive explanatin.
C．Ebates.cm’s finding cntradicted Paul Marsden’s view.
D．Over half f Americans suffer frm ecnmic recessin.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“口红效应”以及引起“口红效应”的心理动机。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a 2021 article published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, researchers therized that the “lipstick effect” was a result f evlutinary mating psychlgy.(在2021年发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一篇文章中，研究人员推测，“口红效应”是进化的吸引配偶的心理的结果)” 可知，2021年出版的研究文章认为，“口红效应”是因为女性想要吸引配偶才出现的消费行为趋势。根据第三段中的“the wmen wh cntributed t the increase in csmetic purchases included an even mixture f married and single wmen, emplyed and unemplyed(推动化妆品消费增长的女性包括已婚和单身女性，有工作的和没有工作的女性)”可知，推动化妆品消费增长的女性包括已婚和单身女性、有工作的和无工作的女性。由此可见，这些女性的身份和婚姻状况不同，购买化妆品的动机也不仅仅是为了吸引配偶。所以2021年的文章中缩小了女性的消费动机。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“there are varius ptential reasns why lipstick purchases increase when the ecnmy is dwn, and they have nthing t d with mating and the male gaze(经济不景气时口红销量增加的潜在原因有很多，但它们与择偶和男性目光无关)”可知，女性购买口红的动机，与择偶和吸引男性目光没有关系。因此，口红颜色对男性并不是最有吸引力的。inviting可意为“有吸引力的”，与划线词意思相近。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They fund a rise in make-up purchases during the years when mney was the tightest. There are a few theries that try t explain this seemingly impractical trend.(他们发现，在经济最紧张的年份，化妆品的购买量会增加。有一些理论试图解释这种看似不切实际的趋势)”以及最后一段中的“Hwever, there has yet t be any cnclusive evidence explaining the “lipstick effect”. Whether it’s lipstick, single-use facials, r a new bk, purchasing lw-cst luxury items can be a pick-me-up in the face f tugh times.(然而，目前还没有任何确凿的证据来解释“口红效应”。无论是口红、一次性面部护理，还是一本新书，购买低成本的奢侈品都可以让你在艰难时期振作起来)”可知，在人们缺钱的时候，包含口红在内的化妆品购买量呈上升趋势，且“口红效应”的这种趋势不局限于口红，还包括了很多其他低成本的奢侈品，即，“口红效应”指代偏好购买价格合理的产品。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的““Perhaps peple simply trade dwn t cheaper luxury and feel-gd purchases when mney gets tight,” cnsumer psychlgist at the University f the Arts, Lndn, Dr. Paul Marsden, tld Byrdie. This is a great assumptin, cnsidering a survey cnducted by Ebates.cm fund that 51.8% f adult Americans purchase prducts when they are seeking t imprve their md.(伦敦艺术大学的消费心理学家保罗·马斯登博士告诉Byrdie网站说：“也许人们只是在手头紧的时候，转而购买更便宜的奢侈品和让自己感觉良好的东西。”考虑到Ebates.cm进行的一项调查发现，51.8%的美国成年人在寻求改善情绪时购买产品，这是一个很好的假设)”可知，在经济不景气时期，人们试图振奋精神。故选A。
押题2
Sme peple think they are immune t ads. They might nt have heard f the mere expsure effect — a psychlgical phenmenn where we tend t like things the mre we are expsed t them.
When we plt the mere expsure effect n a graph with preferences n ne axis (轴) and repetitins n the ther, we will see that it takes abut 15 repeats fr the effect t reach its full ptential. If the expsure is t excessive (过度), peple get annyed. And if they didn't like the thing initially, repeating it can make it wrse.
There are tw main explanatins fr the phenmenn. The first is certainty. Our minds naturally learn t be careful arund new things that culd ptentially harm us. If we see smething repeatedly withut bad cnsequences, we are led t believe it is safe. The secnd is perceptual fluency. We are als hardwired t prefer simple things that take little mental lad. Difficult tasks like figuring ut smething new take lts f attentin and time, which is why we try t avid them.
Knwn fr discvering the effect was psychlgist Rbert Zajnc, wh tested hw subjects respnded t specific symbls. A grup f peple were shwn a series f randm shapes which changed s quickly that it was impssible t ntice that sme were repeated. When the subjects were asked which shapes they fund mst pleasing, they chse thse t which they had been expsed the mst ften, even thugh they had n cnscius awareness f that.
The results shwed that changes in preferences caused by repeated expsures depend nt n any prir subjective and cnscius evaluatins f the stimulus but rather n results frm the bjective histry f expsures alne.
Nw tell us what yu think abut ads. If mere expsure t them makes us like things we therwise wuldn't, shuld billbards (广告牌) be banned frm the public area?
1．Which f the fllwing graphs best illustrates the mere expsure effect?
A．B．
C．D．
2．Accrding t Zajnc's experiment, what drives changes in preferences?
A．Randm variatin.B．Objective analysis.
C．Subjective judgment.D．Subcnscius familiarity.
3．Which prmtinal activity shws the applicatin f the mere expsure effect?
A．A nvelist rganizes a bk signing event.
B．A game studi develps a challenging mde.
C．A singer buys ht recmmendatins n a music app.
D．A fashin brand reintrduces certain classic designs.
4．Why des the authr mentin ads at the end f the text?
A．T criticize fake advertising.B．T ppse utdr advertising.
C．T pint ut the drawbacks f ads.D．T cautin against the influence f ads.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了“曝光效应”——一种因反复接触而对事物产生好感的心理现象，解释了其背后的理论，并以广告为例引发对这一效应的思考。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When we plt the mere expsure effect n a graph with preferences n ne axis (轴) and repetitins n the ther, we will see that it takes abut 15 repeats fr the effect t reach its full ptential. If the expsure is t excessive (过度), peple get annyed. And if they didn't like the thing initially, repeating it can make it wrse.(当我们以偏好为一个轴（轴）和重复次数为另一个轴在图表上绘制单纯的曝光效应时，我们将看到，大约需要15次重复才能达到效果的全部潜力。如果曝光过多，人们就会感到烦恼。如果他们一开始不喜欢这件事，重复这件事会让事情变得更糟。)”可知，A图正确显示了反复曝光次数与对事物产生好感的关系，也就是单纯的曝光效应。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The results shwed that changes in preferences caused by repeated expsures depend nt n any prir subjective and cnscius evaluatins f the stimulus but rather n results frm the bjective histry f expsures alne.(结果表明，反复曝光引起的偏好变化不取决于任何先前的主观和有意识的刺激评估，而是取决于客观曝光历史的结果。)”可知，偏好的变化是由重复曝光的客观历史驱动的，而非主观判断。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“They might nt have heard f the mere expsure effect — a psychlgical phenmenn where we tend t like things the mre we are expsed t them.(他们可能没有听说过“单纯曝光效应”——一种心理现象，我们接触的东西越多，就越喜欢。)”可知，“mere expsure effect”是指通过重复曝光使人们更喜欢某事物。选项C“A singer buys ht recmmendatins n a music app”通过多次推荐让听众反复接触到某首歌，符合这一效应的应用。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nw tell us what yu think abut ads. If mere expsure t them makes us like things we therwise wuldn't, shuld billbards (广告牌) be banned frm the public area?(现在告诉我们你对广告的看法。如果仅仅是接触广告就会让我们喜欢上一些我们本来不会喜欢的东西，那么广告牌是否应该被禁止出现在公共区域？)”可知，作者在最后提到广告，并提问“如果仅仅是接触广告就让我们喜欢原本不喜欢的事物，广告牌是否应该被禁止？”这表明作者在提醒人们注意广告对偏好的潜在影响。故选D项。
【变式1】
Yur wn experience f revising fr exams might tell yu that sessins f uninterrupted cncentratin can help yu t better remember key pieces f infrmatin. Indeed, many students will engage in intensive revisin just befre a test — in the belief that essential subject facts and figures will be memrized ready fr exam day.
Hwever, this cmmnly held wisdm has been cntradicted by an bservatin made in a psychlgical study. Nw knwn as the Zeigarnik effect, it was fund that interruptin during a task that requires fcus can in fact imprve a persn’s ability t remember it afterwards.
The psychlgist Bluma Zeigarmik bserved the effect f interruptin n memry prcessing in 1927. In the experiment, she asked each participant t cmplete a series f separate tasks, such as slving a puzzle r assembling a flat-pack bx. During arund half f the assignments, participants were subtly interrupted by the experiment supervisr, while during the remaining tasks, they were allwed time t cmplete them uninterrupted. Fllwing the experiment, Zeigarnik interviewed each participant, asking them t recall details f each task that they had attempted.
Zeigarnik’s initial findings revealed that participants were able t recall details f interrupted tasks arund 90% better than thse wh had been able t cmplete undisturbed. These results suggest that a desire t cmplete a task can cause it t be retained in a persn’s memry until it has been cmpleted, and that the finality f its cmpletin enables the prcess f frgetting it t take place.
One way f emplying the Zeigarnik effect when attempting t memrize a detailed piece f infrmatin, such as a lng phne number, r when revising a subject, might be t avid trying t remember it in its entirety in ne sitting. Take a lk at the infrmatin, familiarize yurself with it, then “interrupt yurself” — lk away frm where it is written fr a few mments and think f smething else, befre returning a few mre times t remember chunks f the number. Finally, piece these chunks tgether and attempt t recall the number in its entirety.
1．What des the underlined phrase “this cmmnly held wisdm” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Remembering essential subject facts guarantees success in exams.
B．Interruptin n memry prcessing generates unexpected results.
C．Uninterrupted cncentratin cntributes t effective revisin.
D．Revisin with full cncentratin bsts lng-term memry.
2．Hw did Zeigarnik measure the effect f interruptin n participants’ memry?
A．By cnducting brain scans.B．By rating participants’ memry.
C．By enquiring abut task details.D．By bserving physical reactins.
3．Which strategy shuld be used t avid frgetting when revising a subject?
A．Repeated writing and recalling.B．Entire remembering in ne sitting.
C．Rapid memrizatin withut breaks.D．Breaks in review and repeating in chunks.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The rigin f the Zeigarnik Effect.B．The discvery f the Zeigarnik Effect.
C．The evaluatin f the Zeigarnik Effect.D．The applicatin f the Zeigarnik Effect.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家Bluma Zeigarnik在1927年观察到的中断对记忆处理的影响，并将其命名为Zeigarnik效应。文章详细解释了这一效应的发现过程、实验结果以及在实际记忆中的应用。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“Yur wn experience f revising fr exams might tell yu that sessins f uninterrupted cncentratin can help yu t better remember key pieces f infrmatin. (你自己复习考试的经验可能会告诉你，不间断的集中注意力可以帮助你更好地记住关键信息。)”以及第二段首句“Hwever, this cmmnly held wisdm has been cntradicted by an bservatin made in a psychlgical study.(然而，this cmmnly held wisdm却被一项心理学研究的观察结果所反驳)”中的“this cmmnly held wisdm”指的就是前文中提到的“不间断的专注有助于有效复习”的观点。因此，选项C“Uninterrupted cncentratin cntributes t effective revisin(不间断的专注有助于有效复习)”符合题意。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Fllwing the experiment, Zeigarnik interviewed each participant, asking them t recall details f each task that they had attempted.(实验结束后，Zeigarnik采访了每位参与者，要求他们回忆自己尝试过的每项任务的细节。)”可知，Zeigarnik通过询问参与者任务的细节来衡量中断对参与者记忆的影响。因此，选项C“By enquiring abut task details(通过询问任务细节)”符合题意。故选C。
3．细节理解题。文章第五段提到“One way f emplying the Zeigarnik effect when attempting t memrize a detailed piece f infrmatin, such as a lng phne number, r when revising a subject, might be t avid trying t remember it in its entirety in ne sitting. Take a lk at the infrmatin, familiarize yurself with it, then ‘interrupt yurself’ — lk away frm where it is written fr a few mments and think f smething else, befre returning a few mre times t remember chunks f the number. Finally, piece these chunks tgether and attempt t recall the number in its entirety.(在尝试记忆一个详细的信息（如一个长电话号码）或复习一个科目时，运用Zeigarnik效应的一种方法可能是避免一次性全部记住。看一下信息，熟悉一下，然后“打断自己”——把目光从所写的东西上移开一会儿，去想别的事情，然后再回来几次记住数字的几个部分。最后，把这些部分拼凑起来，试着完整地回忆这个数字)”可知，为了避免在复习一个科目时忘记，应该使用在复习中穿插休息，然后分块重复的策略。因此，选项D“Breaks in review and repeating in chunks(在复习中穿插休息并分块重复)”符合题意。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Nw knwn as the Zeigarnik effect, it was fund that interruptin during a task that requires fcus can in fact imprve a persn’s ability t remember it afterwards.( 现在被称为Zeigarnik效应的研究发现，在需要集中注意力的任务中被打断实际上可以提高一个人事后的记忆能力。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了心理学家Bluma Zeigarnik在1927年观察到的中断对记忆处理的影响，并将其命名为Zeigarnik效应。文章详细解释了这一效应的发现过程、实验结果以及在实际记忆中的应用。因此，文章的主要内容是关于Zeigarnik效应的发现。选项B“The discvery f the Zeigarnik Effect(Zeigarnik效应的发现)”概括文章主旨。故选B。
【变式2】
Here’s a quick quiz. Persn A des a favr fr yu. Persn B asks yu t d a favr fr him. Wh d yu tend t like mre? Surprisingly, the answer is Persn B．This quirk (怪癖) f human nature is knwn as the Ben Franklin Effect.
Benjamin Franklin came acrss the phenmenn in 1736 when serving as a clerk t the Pennsylvania Assembly. A pwerful member didn’t care fr Franklin and threatened t make life miserable fr him. What t d? Instead f winning him ver with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he culd brrw a rare and valuable bk the man wned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way fr their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has nce dne yu a kindness will be ready t d yu anther, than he whm yu yurself have bliged.”
Several studies have cnfirmed this. But hw can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Sme psychlgists refer t cgnitive dissnance (失调). It’s difficult t hld tw cntradictry thughts at the same time. It makes us uncmfrtable. We reslve this tensin by changing ur mind. “I dn’t like Je, but I am ding him a favr,” we might think. “S maybe I d like him.”
While cgnitive dissnance explains a lt, it alne desn’t explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study fund that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) mtive that the requests cnvey. That is, we humans want t maintain gd relatins with ther humans, and ne way t achieve this is by ding favrs fr thers. This explains a lt abut altruistic behavir. We like being useful and, by extensin, we like thse wh give us the pprtunity t d s. It’s in ur genes.
Yet there is much we still dn’t knw abut the Ben Franklin Effect. Des it apply equally acrss cultures? Is there a pint beynd which asking a favr makes yu less, nt mre likable? Asking t brrw a bk is ne thing; asking t brrw a car is anther.
1．Why des the authr mentin Benjamin Franklin’s experience?
A．T illustrate a dilemma in making chices.B．T suggest a way f striking up friendships.
C．T stress the imprtance f strategic requests.D．T intrduce the rigin f the Ben Franklin Effect.
2．What is a reasn fr peple’s tendency t like thse asking fr favrs?
A．Reducing the tensin caused by scial cntact.
B．Increasing the chance f getting help in return.
C．Aviding the discmfrt frm cnflicting thughts.
D．Establishing a cperative cmmunity f shared trust.
3．What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Selfless.B．Implite.C．Aggressive.D．Respnsible.
4．What des the authr think f the Ben Franklin Effect?
A．It makes little sense.B．It applies t mst cultures.
C．It has situatinal limitatins.D．It has great practical significance.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了本·富兰克林效应。
1．D推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Surprisingly, the answer is Persn B. This quirk (怪癖) f human nature is knwn as the Ben Franklin Effect.(令人惊讶的是，答案是B型这种人性的怪癖被称为本·富兰克林效应。)”和第二段的“Benjamin Franklin came acrss the phenmenn in 1736 when serving as a clerk t the Pennsylvania Assembly. A pwerful member didn’t care fr Franklin and threatened t make life miserable fr him. What t d? Instead f winning him ver with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he culd brrw a rare and valuable bk the man wned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way fr their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has nce dne yu a kindness will be ready t d yu anther, than he whm yu yurself have bliged.”(本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)在1736年担任宾夕法尼亚州议会书记员时遇到了这种现象。一个有权有势的成员不喜欢富兰克林，并威胁要让他的生活很痛苦。该怎么办？富兰克林没有用甜言蜜语来说服他，而是问他是否可以借他拥有的一本珍贵的书。这个请求改变了男人的态度，为他们的友谊铺平了道路。富兰克林的结论是：“曾经善待过你的人，会比你所善待的人更愿意为你做另一件事。”)”可推断，作者提到本杰明·富兰克林的经历为了介绍“本杰明·富兰克林效应”的起源。故选D。
2．C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Sme psychlgists refer t cgnitive dissnance (失调). It’s difficult t hld tw cntradictry thughts at the same time. It makes us uncmfrtable.(一些心理学家称之为认知失调。同时持有两种相互矛盾的思想是很难的。这让我们感到不舒服。)” 可知，人们倾向于喜欢寻求帮助的人是因为认知失调，即避免持有矛盾的想法带来的不适。故选C。
3．A词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“One 2015 study fund that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) mtive that the requests cnvey. That is, we humans want t maintain gd relatins with ther humans, and ne way t achieve this is by ding favrs fr thers.(2015年的一项研究发现，更确切地说，这是请求所传达的亲和动机。也就是说，我们人类希望与他人保持良好的关系，而实现这一目标的一种方式就是帮助他人。)”以及下文“We like being useful and, by extensin, we like thse wh give us the pprtunity t d s. It’s in ur genes.(我们喜欢成为有用的人，推而广之，我们喜欢那些给我们这样做机会的人。这是我们的基因。)”可推断，划线词所在句说明人类希望通过帮助他人来保持良好的关系，这解释了无私的行为，因此推断画线词与selfless“无私的”意思相近。故选A。
4．D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Yet there is much we still dn’t knw abut the Ben Franklin Effect. Des it apply equally acrss cultures? Is there a pint beynd which asking a favr makes yu less, nt mre likable? Asking t brrw a bk is ne thing; asking t brrw a car is anther.(然而，我们对本·富兰克林效应还有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都适用吗？有没有一个点，超过了这个点，请求别人帮忙会让你更不讨人喜欢，而不是更讨人喜欢？借书是一回事；向别人借车是另一回事。)”可知，作者认为本·富兰克林效应有情境限制。故选C。
二、人工智能类
押题1
AI Mrality (Oxfrd University Press, 2024), edited by British philspher David Edmnds, is a cllectin f essays explring hw AI will cmpletely change ur lives and the mral dilemmas it will set ff, painting a picture f the reasns t be cheerful and t wrry. In this excerpt (节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a pstdctral researcher in the ethics (道德) f technlgy and AI at the University f Zurich, fcuses n this very mdern identity crisis.
An AI that tells yu wh yu are and what yu shuld d is based n the idea that yur identity is smething yu can discver — infrmatin yu r an AI may access. But this view misses an imprtant pint: we als chse wh we are.
Cnstantly relying n AI recmmendatin systems might calcify yur identity. By recmmending prducts and ther cntents, yu becme mre likely t cnsume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially cnsidered suitable fr yu, gradually influencing yu s much that yu develp int wh it tk yu t riginally be.
This is, hwever, nt a necessary feature f recmmendatin systems. In thery, they culd be designed t braden the user’s hrizn, instead f maximizing invlvement by shwing custmers what they already like. In practice, that’s nt hw they functin.
Besides, by giving decisins t AI, yu may fail t meet the mral demand t take respnsibility fr wh yu are. This cncern weighs particularly heavy when making the mst substantial decisins. But even in rdinary cases like selecting mvies, music, bks, r news, it wuld be gd t put recmmendatin systems aside frm time t time, which in turn, calls fr research, risk, and self-reflectin.
An AI might state a lt f facts abut yu, but it is yur jb t find ut what they mean t yu and hw yu let them define yu. The same hlds fr actins. Yur actins are nt just a way f seeking well-being. Thrugh yur actins, yu chse what kind f persn yu are.
1．What des the cllectin f essays fcus n?
A．Ptential benefits and risks f AI.B．Varius dminant rles f AI.
C．Recent plicies n AI develpment.D．Individual estimates f AI’s future.
2．What des the underlined wrd “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit.B．Weaken.C．Remember.D．Reject.
3．What is the recmmendatin system designed fr?
A．Develping users’ brader visin.B．Priritizing the mst ideal chice.
C．Highlighting existing preferences.D．Attracting cnsumers’ engagement.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T prve the uniqueness f AI.B．T stress the huge influence f AI.
C．T present the cnfusin brught by AI.D．T advcate independent thinking in AI era.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《人工智能道德》这本书中的节选内容，探讨了人工智能对我们生活的改变以及引发的道德困境，重点阐述了人工智能推荐系统对用户身份的影响，呼吁人们在人工智能时代保持独立思考。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AI Mrality (Oxfrd University Press, 2024), edited by British philspher David Edmnds, is a cllectin f essays explring hw AI will cmpletely change ur lives and the mral dilemmas it will set ff, painting a picture f the reasns t be cheerful and t wrry(英国哲学家大卫・埃德蒙兹编辑的《人工智能道德》（牛津大学出版社，2024年）是一本论文集，探讨了人工智能将如何彻底改变我们的生活以及它将引发的道德困境，描绘了我们应该感到高兴和担忧的原因)”可知，这本论文集关注的是人工智能带来的潜在好处和风险。故选A项。
2．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“By recmmending prducts and ther cntents, yu becme mre likely t cnsume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially cnsidered suitable fr yu, gradually influencing yu s much that yu develp int wh it tk yu t riginally be(通过推荐产品和其他内容，你更有可能按照人工智能系统最初认为适合你的方式去消费、思考和行动，逐渐对你产生很大影响，以至于你变成了它最初认为你应该成为的样子)”可知，不断依赖人工智能推荐系统会让你逐渐变成它所认为的样子，而不是自己主动去选择和发展，这意味着你的身份会受到限制，逐渐“弱化”。所以“calcify”在这里的意思是“弱化”，与weaken含义接近，故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This is, hwever, nt a necessary feature f recmmendatin systems. In thery, they culd be designed t braden the user's hrizn, instead f maximizing invlvement by shwing custmers what they already like(然而，这并不是推荐系统的必要特征。从理论上讲，它们可以被设计成拓宽用户的视野，而不是通过向客户展示他们已经喜欢的东西来最大化参与度)”可知，推荐系统理论上的设计目的是拓宽用户的视野，故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“An AI might state a lt f facts abut yu, but it is yur jb t find ut what they mean t yu and hw yu let them define yu. The same hlds fr actins. Yur actins are nt just a way f seeking well-being. Thrugh yur actins, yu chse what kind f persn yu are(人工智能可能会陈述很多关于你的事实，但弄清楚这些事实对你意味着什么以及你如何让它们定义你是你的工作。行动也是如此。你的行动不仅仅是一种追求幸福的方式。通过你的行动，你选择了你想成为什么样的人)”可知，作者强调在人工智能时代，人们要自己去思考人工智能所提供的信息的意义，以及自己要成为什么样的人，而不是完全依赖人工智能。可推理出作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导在人工智能时代进行独立思考，故选D项。
押题2
Imagine btaining traditinal Chinese medicine (TCM) services with just a click n yur smartphne. The tiring hspital trip — ften causing lng waits and many trubles, especially fr the ld — can nw be dne easily nline.
The new prgram is transfrming TCM medical services. Users can nw receive a detailed health reprt in under 2 minutes simply after shting a quick pht f their tngue. Develpers explain this breakthrugh cmbines traditinal TCM tngue examinatin methds with mdern AI image analysis technlgy. Within half a year, the prgram has served ver 30,000 users, with 94% reprting satisfactry utcmes.
The applicatin f AI in TCM hlds significant prmise fr areas with limited medical resurces. In distant regins where access t experienced dctrs is rare, AI-assisted tls culd imprve healthcare quality with their medical abilities. While AI ffers great ptential fr TCM, accurate diagnsis (诊断) still relies heavily n the dctrs' prfessinal judgment.
Althugh AI has made prgress in TCM, mre wrk is needed due t the lack f standard rules. TCM’s diverse schls and appraches, develped ver thusands f years, ften lead t different treatment plans fr the same illness, making it difficult fr AI t learn effectively. Additinally, while cmputers have been used in TCM since the 1980s, early systems were t simple t handle cmplex patient cnditins with unpredictable symptms (症状). T address these issues, China is wrking n standardizing TCM by establishing 180 natinal and 30 internatinal standards by 2026, while researchers are develping better TCM-AI tls.
In cnclusin, the integratin (融合) f AI int TCM will greatly imprve healthcare by making TCM mre accessible and efficient. Hwever, as the jurney is nly beginning, much wrk remains. With jint effrts frm researchers and practitiners, there is every reasn t believe that TCM is expected t nt nly enhance the quality f healthcare but als extend its benefits t cmmunities far and wide.
1．What shuld users d t experience the prgram’s service?
A．Hand in a health reprt.B．Examine their whle bdy.
C．Make changes t their diet.D．Take a pht f their tngue.
2．Which f the fllwing is the prgram’s advantage?
A．Health care fr the elderly.B．AI’s assistance in diagnsis.
C．Full replacement f dctrs.D．Accurate judgment f illnesses.
3．What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．Challenges in the cmbinatin.B．Achievements f the prgram.
C．Technlgies behind the prgram.D．Varius schls and ideas f TCM.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the prgram?
A．Unclear.B．Disapprving.C．Dubtful.D．Psitive.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI与中医结合的项目及其发展情况与前景。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Users can nw receive a detailed health reprt in under 2 minutes simply after shting a quick pht f their tngue.(现在，用户只需快速拍一张舌头的照片，不到两分钟就能收到一份详细的健康报告)” 可知，用户体验该项目服务只需拍一张舌头的照片。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Develpers explain this breakthrugh cmbines traditinal TCM tngue examinatin methds with mdern AI image analysis technlgy.(开发人员解释说，这一突破将传统中医舌诊方法与现代人工智能图像分析技术相结合)”及第三段“The applicatin f AI in TCM hlds significant prmise fr areas with limited medical resurces.(人工智能在中医中的应用为医疗资源有限的地区带来了巨大的希望)”可知，该项目的优势是AI在诊断方面的辅助作用。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Althugh AI has made prgress in TCM, mre wrk is needed due t the lack f standard rules. TCM’s diverse schls and appraches, develped ver thusands f years, ften lead t different treatment plans fr the same illness, making it difficult fr AI t learn effectively. Additinally, while cmputers have been used in TCM since the 1980s, early systems were t simple t handle cmplex patient cnditins with unpredictable symptms. T address these issues, China is wrking n standardizing TCM by establishing 180 natinal and 30 internatinal standards by 2026, while researchers are develping better TCM-AI tls.(尽管人工智能在中医领域取得了进展，但由于缺乏标准规则，仍有更多工作要做。几千年来发展起来的中医流派和方法多种多样，往往导致对同一种疾病有不同的治疗方案，这使得人工智能难以有效地学习。此外，虽然自20世纪80年代以来计算机就已在中医中得到应用，但早期的系统过于简单，无法处理症状不可预测的复杂患者病情。为了解决这些问题，中国正在努力实现中医标准化，到2026年将建立180项国家标准和30项国际标准，同时研究人员正在开发更好的中医-人工智能工具)”可知，本段主要讲述了AI在中医中应用面临的问题，如缺乏标准规则、中医流派多样导致AI学习困难以及早期系统难以处理复杂病情等，即AI与中医结合面临的挑战。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In cnclusin, the integratin f AI int TCM will greatly imprve healthcare by making TCM mre accessible and efficient. Hwever, as the jurney is nly beginning, much wrk remains. With jint effrts frm researchers and practitiners, there is every reasn t believe that TCM is expected t nt nly enhance the quality f healthcare but als extend its benefits t cmmunities far and wide.(总之，人工智能与中医的融合将通过使中医更容易获得和更高效，极大地改善医疗保健。然而，由于这一进程才刚刚开始，还有很多工作要做。通过研究人员和从业者的共同努力，我们完全有理由相信，中医不仅有望提高医疗保健的质量，还能将其益处扩展到更广泛的社区)”可知，作者认为AI与中医的融合将极大地改善医疗保健，相信中医不仅能提高医疗质量，还能惠及更广泛的群体。由此推知，作者对该项目持积极态度。故选D。
押题3
Even if yu haven’t held a cnversatin with Siri r Alexa, yu’ve likely encuntered a chatbt nline. They ften appear in a chat windw that pps up with a friendly greeting: Thank yu fr visiting ur site. Hw can I help yu tday? Depending n the site, the chatbt is prgrammed t respnd accrdingly and even ask fllw-up questins.
Chatbts cmmunicate thrugh speech r text. Bth rely n artificial intelligence technlgies like machine learning and natural language prcessing (NLP), which is a branch f artificial intelligence that teaches machines t read, analyze and interpret human language. This technlgy gives chatbts a baseline fr understanding language structure and meaning. NLP, in essence, allws the cmputer t understand what yu are asking and hw t apprpriately respnd.
With develpments in deep learning and reinfrcement learning, chatbts can interpret mre cmplexities in language and imprve the dynamic nature f cnversatin between human and machine. Essentially, a chatbt tries t match what yu’ve asked t an intent that it understands. The mre a chatbt cmmunicates with yu, the mre it understands and the mre it learns t cmmunicate like yu and thers with similar questins. Yur psitive respnses reinfrce its answers, and then it uses thse answers again.
Frm custmer service chatbts nline t persnal assistants in ur hmes, chatbts have started t enter ur lives. In almst every industry, cmpanies are using chatbts t help custmers easily navigate their websites, answer simple questins and direct peple t the relevant pints f cntact. Persnal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed t respnd t a wide range f scenaris and queries, frm current weather and news updates t persnal calendars, music selectins and randm questins.
1．Why des the authr mentin Siri and Alexa in Paragraph 1?
A．T give examples f chatbts.B．T shw where t find a chatbt.
C．T explain hw a chatbt wrks.D．T cmpare different chatbts.
2．What is the basis f chatbts?
A．Language study.B．Data transmissin.
C．Scial interactin.D．Natural language prcessing.
3．What des the underlined wrd “reinfrce” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Inspire.B．Strengthen.
C．Organize.D．Match.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The future trend f chatbts.B．The authr’s predictins.
C．The applicatins f chatbts.D．The effects f chatbts.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Even if yu haven’t held a cnversatin with Siri r Alexa, yu’ve likely encuntered a chatbt nline. They ften appear in a chat windw that pps up with a friendly greeting: Thank yu fr visiting ur site.(即使你没有和Siri或Alexa进行过对话，你也可能在网上遇到过聊天机器人。它们经常出现在聊天窗口中，并弹出友好的问候：感谢您访问我们的网站)”可知，作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Bth rely n artificial intelligence technlgies like machine learning and natural language prcessing (NLP), which is a branch f artificial intelligence that teaches machines t read, analyze and interpret human language.(两者均依赖诸如机器学习和自然语言处理（NLP）之类的人工智能技术，NLP 是人工智能的一个分支，它使机器能够阅读、分析和解读人类语言)”可知，聊天机器人的基础是是自然语言处理。故选D项。
3．词句猜测题。根据文中“The mre a chatbt cmmunicates with yu, the mre it understands and the mre it learns t cmmunicate like yu and thers with similar questins.(聊天机器人和你交流得越多，它就越能理解你，也就越能学会像你和其他有类似问题的人一样交流)”以及下文“then it uses thse answers again.(然后它会再次使用这些答案)”可知，聊天机器人和你交流得越多，它就越能理解你，然后它会再次使用这些答案。由此可知，划线单词所在的句子表达的意思是你的积极回应“强化”了它的答案，所以划线单词的意思与“Strengthen（巩固，强化）”意思一致。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Frm custmer service chatbts nline t persnal assistants in ur hmes, chatbts have started t enter ur lives. In almst every industry, cmpanies are using chatbts t help custmers easily navigate their websites, answer simple questins and direct peple t the relevant pints f cntact. (从在线客服聊天机器人到家庭私人助理，聊天机器人已经开始进入我们的生活。几乎在每个行业，公司都在使用聊天机器人来帮助客户轻松浏览网站，回答简单的问题，并将人们引导到相关的联络点)”可知，聊天机器人开始进入我们的生活，结合下文对Siri和Alexa的实际运用可知，最后一段主要是关于聊天机器人的应用。故选C项。
押题4
Prductive artificial intelligence is increasingly making its presence felt in classrms. It’s nt just students wh are turning t AI fr help; teachers are als getting invlved. Many teachers are nw using new AI grading tls, which ffer students speedier feedback and mre pprtunities t practice. When applied crrectly, AI assistants are believed t bring abut benefits and remve prejudice frm the evaluatin f student wrk.
Educatin-riented (面向教育的) AI startups typically prvide grading services mainly in writing-heavy subjects like English and histry, and t sme extent in math and science. These AI-based systems generate a scre and ffer negative cmments n varius elements such as tpic sentences, persuasive arguments and mre. Teachers have the ptin t use the AI-generated feedback as a guide r directly pass it n t students.
Hwever, nt everyne is cnvinced that AI is suitable fr grading. Sme peple hld the view that the technlgy isn’t reliable enugh fr vital grading, which can have a significant impact n students’ cllege admissins and ther life-changing decisins. Critics pint ut that current AI tls can have shrtcmings r be verly strict in grading. Alex Ktran, c-funder f the AI Educatin Prject, emphasized, “It shuld nt be used fr grading. It will weaken public trust in the educatin system.”
T test hw these graders functin, a 12th-grade English paper frm a Wall Street Jurnal clleague was put int three different AI tls. The paper, an essay abut the ppressin (压迫) f Ophelia in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” that riginally received a 97% in 2013, gt varius scres. AutMark gave it 97% at first and later 100%, while Class Cmpanin rated it 62% and CGrader judged it 85%. The results were cnfusing.
In cnclusin, AI grading tls ffer bth pprtunities and challenges in the classrm. As AI technlgy cntinues t grw, it will be crucial t strike a balance between getting much f its benefits and preserving the human tuch that is essential fr effective teaching and learning.
1．What are the favrable results brught by AI grading tls accrding t paragraph 1?
A．Faster feedback and mre chances t practice.
B．Reduced wrklad fr teachers and increased student activity.
C．Imprved student attendance and better classrm management.
D．Enhanced student-teacher interactin and reduced hmewrk.
2．What subjects are primarily targeted by AI cmpanies fr grading services?
A．Calculatin-cre subjects.B．Experiment-centre subjects.
C．Plitics-related subjects.D．Article-writing subjects.
3．Why d sme peple ppse t use AI fr critical grading?
A．AI tls are t expensive fr schls t affrd.
B．AI technlgy decreases public trust in the educatin system.
C．AI grading will make teachers lse their jbs.
D．AI tls make students becme ver-dependent n technlgy.
4．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．AI grading tls functin perfectly.
B．AI grading tls shuld be used with great cautin.
C．AI grading tls are reliable in the final assessment.
D．AI grading tls will play a key rle in educatin.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人工智能在课堂教学中的应用，特别是AI评分工具带来的机遇与挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many teachers are nw using new AI grading tls, which ffer students speedier feedback and mre pprtunities t practice.(许多教师正在使用新的AI评分工具，这些工具为学生提供了更快的反馈和更多的练习机会。)”可知，人工智能评分工具为学生提供了更快的反馈和更多的练习机会。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Educatin-riented (面向教育的) AI startups typically prvide grading services mainly in writing-heavy subjects like English and histry, and t sme extent in math and science.(面向教育的AI初创公司通常主要提供在写作密集型科目如英语和历史中的评分服务，并在一定程度上涉及数学和科学)”可知，AI初创公司通常主要提供在写作密集型科目如英语和历史中的评分服务，由此可知，AI公司提供的评分服务主要针对的是写作类科目。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Alex Ktran, c-funder f the AI Educatin Prject, emphasized, “It shuld nt be used fr grading. It will weaken public trust in the educatin system.”(AI教育项目联合创始人亚历克斯·科特兰强调：“AI不应被用于评分，因为它会削弱公众对教育系统的信任。”)”可知，AI被用于评分会削弱公众对教育系统的信任。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The paper, an essay abut the ppressin (压迫) f Ophelia in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” that riginally received a 97% in 2013, gt varius scres. AutMark gave it 97% at first and later 100%, while Class Cmpanin rated it 62% and CGrader judged it 85%. The results were cnfusing.(这篇关于莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中奥菲利亚压迫的论文在2013年曾获得97分，但在AI工具中得分各异：AutMark给出97分（后来调整为100分），Class Cmpanin评分为62分，CGrader则给出85分。结果令人困惑。)”可知，本段通过一个测试案例展示了AI评分工具的不一致性，结果令人困惑，由此可知，AI评分工具存在不可靠性，需要谨慎使用。故选B项。
三、环境保护类
押题1
The develpment f plastic alternatives has becme a significant trend. In Victrian Lndn, Alexander Parkes invented the first plastic. Nw, Lndn-based Ntpla is making waves with its seaweed-based material that decmpses in six weeks, unlike traditinal plastics. It’s ne f many cmpanies explring natural plymers(聚合物) like crn, mushrms, r agricultural waste. Traceless is prducing cmpstable (可堆肥) cutlery, C&A uses bidegradable hks, and IKEA has experimented with mushrm packaging.
The glbal plastic situatin is dire. The OECD reprts that this year, arund 500m tnnes f plastic will be prduced, with nly a fractin recycled r incinerated (焚烧) and the rest ending up in landfills r water bdies. Plastic prductin and dispsal cntribute 3% f glbal greenhuse-gas emissins, mre than aviatin (航空). T address this, the UN is negtiating a binding treaty (条约) t curb (遏制) plastic’s envirnmental impact, fcusing n recycling, set t take effect next year.
Fr cmpanies, plastic is mainly used in packaging. Many are taking steps t reduce waste. Cca-Cla switched Sprite bttles t a mre recyclable transparent design. Over 250 cmpanies, including giants like Cca-Cla, Nestle, Unilever, and Danne, have jined a calitin (联盟) supprting the UN treaty. Since 2018, calitin cmpanies have reduced virgin plastic use by 3%, but it’s shrt f the 18% target. They’re explring alternative materials, with Nestle having sustainable packaging research center. VC firms have als invested heavily in this area.
Hwever, alternative materials are cstly. Seaweed-cated trays are several times mre expensive than plastic nes. While cnsumers express willingness t pay mre fr sustainable packaging, it’s uncertain if they’ll fllw thrugh.
1．What makes Ntpla’s material different frm traditinal plastics?
A．It is made frm fssil fuels.B．It decmpses much faster.
C．It is mre durable.D．It is cheaper.
2．Why is the UN negtiating a glbal treaty n plastic?
A．T prmte plastic prductin.B．T encurage mre plastic recycling.
C．T reduce plastic’s envirnmental harm.D．T standardize plastic packaging.
3．What have cmpanies like Cca-Cla dne t reduce plastic waste?
A．They have stpped using plastic bttles.B．They have increased the use f virgin plastic.
C．They have changed the design f their bttles.D．They have jined a calitin against plastic use.
4．What is the challenge fr the adptin f alternative packaging materials?
A．Lack f cnsumer demand.B．High cst.
C．Insufficient research.D．Gvernment regulatins.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了塑料替代品的发展已成为一个显著的趋势，介绍为了减少塑料人们所采取的行动。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nw, Lndn-based Ntpla is making waves with its seaweed-based material that decmpses in six weeks, unlike traditinal plastics.(现在，总部位于伦敦的Ntpla正在制造一种基于海藻的材料，与传统塑料不同，这种材料可以在六周内分解)”可知，Ntpla的材料比传统塑料分解得快多了。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“T address this, the UN is negtiating a binding treaty (条约) t curb (遏制) plastic’s envirnmental impact, fcusing n recycling, set t take effect next year.(为了解决这个问题，联合国正在就一项具有约束力的条约进行谈判，以遏制塑料对环境的影响，重点是回收利用，该条约将于明年生效)”可知，联合国要谈判一项关于塑料的全球条约是为了减少塑料对环境的危害。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr cmpanies, plastic is mainly used in packaging. Many are taking steps t reduce waste. Cca-Cla switched Sprite bttles t a mre recyclable transparent design. (对于公司来说，塑料主要用于包装。许多国家正在采取措施减少浪费。可口可乐将雪碧瓶子换成了更可回收的透明设计)”可知，像可口可乐这样的公司为减少塑料垃圾改变了瓶子的设计。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hwever, alternative materials are cstly.(然而，替代材料是昂贵的)”可知，采用替代包装材料的挑战是成本高。故选B。
押题2
Like smething straight ut f a Disney mvie, a study fund that gphers (囊地鼠) wrked t save an entire muntain. These little critters dug up bacteria and fungi that helped restre lst plant and animal life in the devastated muntain landscape.
In 1980, Munt St. Helens in Washingtn erupted, destrying everything arund it. There was n sign f animal and plant life returning, leaving the regin a ttally deslate place. Out f curisity, scientists wndered if digging up bacteria and fungi wuld help with sil recvery, bringing plants and, eventually, animals back t the area. Therefre scientists turned t animals that lved t dig.
“Gphers are ften cnsidered pests, but we thught they wuld take ld sil, mve it t the surface, and that wuld be where recvery wuld ccur,” says study authr Michael Allen, a micrbilgist at the University f Califrnia, Riverside.
In 1983, scientists tested this thery and went t the lava-destryed landscape n Munt St. Helens by helicpter. They released a few lcal gphers nt tw plts f vlcanic rck fr a day, hping these creatures wuld dig up ld fertile sil rich in bacteria and fungi, which enter plant rt cells and exchange nutrients with the plants. Additinally, they prtect plants frm harmful pathgens (病原体) lurking arund in the sil.
Six years after the gphers were drpped in the area, the land began flurishing again with new life. Abut frty thusand plants grew n the gpher plts cmpared t the areas the gphers did nt explre, which remained empty and lifeless.
“In the 1980s, we were just testing the shrt-term reactin,” says Allen. “Wh wuld have predicted yu culd tss a gpher in fr a day and see a residual (残留的) effect 40 years later?”
Meanwhile, anther side f the muntain painted a different picture. This side f the frest had been chpped dwn fr lgging, leaving nthing fr fungi t feed n. The result? A whle lt f nthing. “There still isn’t much f anything grwing in the clear-cut area,” says Emma Arnsn, an envirnmental micrbilgist at UC Riverside. “It is shcking t lk at the flurishing frest sil and cmpare it t the dead area.”
1．What des the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Deserted.B．Remte.C．Frzen.D．Dangerus.
2．Why did scientists chse gphers in their experiment?
A．Gphers have excellent digging skills.
B．Gphers are able t adapt t extreme envirnments.
C．Gphers can bring undergrund micrbes t the surface.
D．Gphers can be easily trained t perfrm assigned tasks.
3．What can bacteria and fungi in ld sil d?
A．Prtect plant rt cells.B．Supply plants with nutrients.
C．Kill harmful pathgens in the sil.D．Help plants breathe in mre xygen.
4．What des Emma Arnsn think f the result f the experiment?
A．Baseless.B．Suspicius.C．Reliable.D．Unexpected.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了囊地鼠在恢复受损山脉生态系统中的关键作用。科学家发现，囊地鼠通过挖掘富含细菌和真菌的旧土壤并将其带至地表以助力生态恢复，其对生态系统恢复产生了长期的积极影响。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 1980, Munt St. Helens in Washingtn erupted, destrying everything arund it. There was n sign f animal and plant life returning(1980 年，华盛顿的圣海伦斯火山爆发，摧毁了周围的一切。没有动植物生命回归的迹象)”可知，这个地区变得荒芜，没有生命迹象，故划线词与A项Deserted“荒芜的，无人居住的”意义相近。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段““Gphers are ften cnsidered pests, but we thught they wuld take ld sil, mve it t the surface, and that wuld be where recvery wuld ccur,” says study authr Michael Allen, a micrbilgist at the University f Califrnia, Riverside.(加州大学河滨分校的微生物学家、研究作者迈克尔・艾伦说：“囊地鼠通常被认为是害虫，但我们认为它们会把旧土壤带到地表，而那里将是恢复发生的地方”)”及第四段“They released a few lcal gphers nt tw plts f vlcanic rck fr a day, hping these creatures wuld dig up ld fertile sil rich in bacteria and fungi(他们将几只当地的囊地鼠放到两块火山岩上一天，希望这些动物能挖出富含细菌和真菌的肥沃旧土壤)”可知，科学家选择囊地鼠是因为它们能把地下富含细菌和真菌的旧土壤带到地表。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“ and fungi, which enter plant rt cells and exchange nutrients with the plants. Additinally, they prtect plants frm harmful pathgens (病原体) lurking arund in the sil(细菌和真菌进入植物根部细胞并与植物交换营养物质。此外，它们保护植物免受潜伏在土壤中的有害病原体的侵害)”可知，旧土壤中的细菌和真菌能为植物提供营养。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There still isn’t much f anything grwing in the clear-cut area,” says Emma Arnsn, an envirnmental micrbilgist at UC Riverside. “It is shcking t lk at the flurishing frest sil and cmpare it t the dead area.”(加州大学河滨分校的环境微生物学家艾玛・阿伦森说：“在砍伐区仍然没有什么东西生长。看到繁茂的森林土壤并将其与荒芜地区进行比较，令人震惊”)”可知，艾玛・阿伦森对实验结果感到惊讶，觉得出乎意料。故选D。
押题3
It’s n secret that when we enjy a delicius piece f fish r a plate f seafd, we’re nt just taking in valuable nutrients like vitamin D．In reality, alngside these benefits cme less appetizing elements - there’re cuntless micrplastics.
These plastic particles (颗粒), usually measuring less than 5 millimetres, enter ceans thrugh human waste and jin the fd chain. Accrding t a study, arund 24,400 billin micrplastics are fund in all cean rganisms, frm seaweed t fish, which ccupy higher levels f the fd chain. This phenmenn nt nly threatens cean ecsystems but als raises cncerns abut ptential risks t human health.
Since the 1950s, plastic prductin has grwn dramatically, reaching 58 millin tns in Eurpe in 2022 alne. This has led t massive amunts f waste. Over time, wind, waves, sunlight, and micrrganisms break dwn larger plastic waste int micrplastics, which nw cntaminate all parts f the envirnment, including the air, sil, and water. The prcess by which these plastics accumulate (积累) in rganisms acrss different levels f the fd chain is knwn as “biaccumulatin”. Research frm ur labratry reveals that in water envirnments, micrplastics are cnsumed by a wide range f species, frm rganisms at the bttm f the fd chain t animals at the tp.
The cnsumptin has serius cnsequences. Studies shw that micrplastics can d harm t cean life. Fr instance, in shellfish, micrplastics can blck digestive systems, activate immune (免疫的) respnses, cause DNA damage and interfere with the expressin f genes essential t varius cellular functins. The severity f these effects depends n the plastics’ size, cmpsitin, degree f degradatin, and any harmful chemical additive they may cntain. These chemicals can disturb natural bdy systems, psing risks nt just t cean life but ptentially t humans as well.
The urgency t tackle plastic “biaccumulatin” in the fd chain cannt be verstated. By taking swift actin t limit plastic usage and imprve recycling technlgies, we can slw the prgressin f this envirnmental and health crisis.
1．Hw des the authr lead in the text?
A．By making assumptins.B．By describing a study.
C．By listing statistics.D．By stating a fact.
2．Which wrd can best describe the distributin f micrplastics in the cean?
A．Cncentrated.B．Limited.C．Extensive.D．Separate.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cntaminate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Organize.B．Pllute.C．Integrate.D．Dminate.
4．Why are shellfish mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T shw micrplastics’ harm t cean life.
B．T shw the cean life’s cellular functins.
C．T shw the prcess f micrplastics’ frmatin.
D．T shw micrplastics’ impact n human health.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是微塑料在食物链中的生物累积问题及其对海洋生态系统和人类健康的潜在威胁。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s n secret that when we enjy a delicius piece f fish r a plate f seafd, we’re nt just taking in valuable nutrients like vitamin D. In reality, alngside these benefits cme less appetizing elements - there’re cuntless micrplastics. (众所周知，当我们享用一块美味的鱼或一盘海鲜时，我们不仅摄入了维生素D等宝贵的营养物质。事实上，除了这些好处之外，还有一些不那么开胃的元素——微塑料。)”可知，作者是通过陈述事实来引出文章，故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Accrding t a study, arund 24,400 billin micrplastics are fund in all cean rganisms, frm seaweed t fish, which ccupy higher levels f the fd chain. (根据一项研究，在从海藻到鱼类的所有海洋生物中发现了大约244000亿个微塑料，这些生物占据了食物链的较高层次。)”可知，海洋中微塑料的分布是广泛的，故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Over time, wind, waves, sunlight, and micrrganisms break dwn larger plastic waste int micrplastics (随着时间的推移，风、浪、阳光和微生物会将较大的塑料垃圾分解成微塑料)”和“all parts f the envirnment, including the air, sil, and water (环境的所有部分，包括空气、土壤和水)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“随着时间的推移，风、浪、阳光和微生物将较大的塑料废物分解成微塑料，现在污染了环境的各个部分，包括空气、土壤和水”，划线词cntaminate的意思是“污染”，和pllute意思相近。故选B。
4．推理判断题，根据第四段“The cnsumptin has serius cnsequences. Studies shw that micrplastics can d harm t cean life. Fr instance, in shellfish, micrplastics can blck digestive systems, activate immune (免疫的) respnses, cause DNA damage and interfere with the expressin f genes essential t varius cellular functins. (这种消费带来了严重的后果。研究表明，微塑料会对海洋生物造成伤害。例如，在贝类中，微塑料会阻塞消化系统，激发免疫反应，导致DNA损伤，并干扰对多种细胞功能至关重要的基因表达。)”可知，第4段提到贝类是为了展示微塑料对海洋生物的危害。故选A。
四、社会生活类
押题1
A new research finds peple wh brag (吹嘘)abut their stress levels are seen as less cmpetent and less likable by their c-wrkers. “This is a behavir we’ve all seen and we all might be guilty f at sme pint,” says Jessica Rdell, lead authr f the study in the jurnal Persnnel Psychlgy. “When I was wndering abut why peple d this, I thught maybe we are talking abut ur stress because we want t prve we’re gd enugh. We fund ut that ften has the ppsite effect.”
360 participants cmpared statements frm imaginary c-wrkers wh just returned frm a cnference. Participants rated their imaginary c-wrker n likability, cmpetence, and the likelihd they wuld help the c-wrker at wrk. In the survey, the stress-bragging clleague described the cnference as “just ne mre thing n my full plate. And I was already stressed t the max… yu have n idea the stress that I am under.” Participants rated that persn as significantly less likable and less cmpetent than smene wh said wrk had been stressful r wh just talked abut hw great the cnference was. Participants als said they wuld be less likely t help the cmplaining c-wrkers if they were verburdened at wrk.
The researchers als fund emplyees with c-wrkers wh brag abut stress ften reprted higher levels f persnal stress and burnut. “Bragging abut stress creates the perceptin that high stress levels are an expected and nrmal part f the wrk culture,” Rdell says. “When smebdy is cnstantly talking abut and bragging abut their stress, it makes stress seem like a gd thing,” Rdell adds. “It just spills ver nt the c-wrkers next t them. They wind up feeling mre stressed, which leads t higher burnut r withdrawal frm their wrk.”
“It’s nt the being stressed part that’s a prblem,” she says. “If yu really feel stressed, it’s OK t find the right persn t share with and talk abut it. But be mindful that stress is nt an hnr t be bragged abut — that will have the ppsite effect.”
1．What des Jessica Rdell mean by saying the underlined sentence?
A．Bragging abut stress levels is cmmn.
B．Only a few peple brag abut their stress levels.
C．Many peple like t brag abut their accmplishments.
D．Researchers feel guilty abut talking abut stress with thers.
2．Why might peple talk abut their stress levels accrding t Jessica Rdell?
A．T make friends at wrk.B．T seek help frm thers.
C．T shw they are very busy.D．T prve they are cmpetent.
3．What did the participants cmpare in the survey?
A．Different methds f stress management.
B．Their wn stress levels with thse f their c-wrkers.
C．The prductivity levels befre and after the cnference.
D．Statements frm imaginary c-wrkers attending the cnference.
4．Hw des ne’s cnstant stress bragging affect his r her c-wrkers?
A．It mtivates them t wrk harder.B．It lets them feel mre stressed.
C．It makes them feel less cmpetent.D．It encurages them t seek prmtins.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《人事心理学》杂志的一项新的研究发现，吹嘘自己压力水平的人被同事视为能力较差，也不太讨人喜欢。
1．句意猜测题。划线句中“This is a behavir we’ve all seen and we all might be guilty f at sme pint,(这是我们都见过的行为，我们都可能在某个时候为此感到愧疚过)”中的主语This指代上文“brag abut their stress levels(吹嘘自己的压力水平)”，因此根据句中的两个all可以推测出，杰西卡·罗德尔所说的划线句的意思是吹嘘压力水平的现象是很常见的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段中 “When I was wndering abut why peple d this, I thught maybe we are talking abut ur stress because we want t prve we’re gd enugh.(当我想知道为什么人们会这样做时，我想也许我们谈论我们的压力是因为我们想证明我们足够好)” 可知，谈论压力大的人是因为他们想证明自己足够好，由此可以推知，Jessica Rdell认为人们吹嘘压力是为了展示自己很有能力。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“360 participants cmpared statements frm imaginary c-wrkers wh just returned frm a cnference.(360名参与者比较了刚从会议中回来的假想同事的陈述)”可知，参与者比较的是参加会议的假想同事的陈述。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers als fund emplyees with c-wrkers wh brag abut stress ften reprted higher levels f persnal stress and burnut.(研究人员还发现，和吹嘘压力的人做同事，他们的个人压力和倦怠程度往往更高)”及“When smebdy is cnstantly talking abut and bragging abut their stress, it makes stress seem like a gd thing, just spills ver nt the c-wrkers next t them. They wind up feeling mre stressed, which leads t higher burnut r withdrawal frm their wrk.(吹嘘压力会让人觉得，高压力是工作文化中意料之中、正常的一部分……这只会影响到他们旁边的同事。他们最终会感到更大的压力，从而导致更高的倦怠或对工作的退缩)”可知，一个人不断吹嘘压力，这只会蔓延到他旁边的同事身上，他的同事最终会感到压力更大。故选B项。
押题2
We are ften s attracted by the prmises f mdern digital life that we fail t ntice its dangers. It’s that feeling f lsing cntrl that we get a dzen times a day, frm when we tune ut a discussin with ur phnes t when we lse ur capacity t appreciate a private mment withut feeling frced t dcument it fr a virtual audience.
In my first attempt t get cntrl ver my technlgy use, I turned ff my phne’s ntificatins (通知) and set it t vibrate (振动) rather than ring. Sn after, despite the fact that my device was set t mute (静音), the act f cntinually checking fr ntificatins became a habit, and I realized I had created a new prblem.
I knew then that using nly tips and strategies t permanently refrm yur digital life is difficult. T regain cntrl, we must g beynd mdificatins and recnstruct ur relatinship with technlgy frm the grund up.
We shuld g past the ntificatin settings n ur devices r apps and cnsider the mre essential tpic f why we use s many apps in the first place. What all f us wh are struggling with these challenges need is a technlgy usage philsphy, smething that addresses which digital tls we allw int ur lives, why, and under what cnditins.
Cal Newprt, wh is an assciate prfessr f cmputer science at Gergetwn University, defines Digital Minimalism as a “philsphy f technlgy use in which yu fcus yur nline time n a small number f carefully selected and ptimized (最优化的) activities that strngly supprt things yu value, and then happily miss ut n everything else.”
Digital minimalists transfrm technlgy frm a surce f distractin int instruments t supprt a life well lived by wrking backwards frm their inner values t their technlgy chices. They break the spell (魔咒) that has caused s many peple t feel as thugh they are lsing cntrl f their screens by ding s.
1．What prblem did the authr face after turning ff phne ntificatins?
A．The phne still rang smetimes fr ntificatins.B．The phne’s vibratin was a little t disturbing.
C．The authr culdn’t receive imprtant messages.D．The authr cnstantly checked fr ntificatins.
2．Accrding t the text, what d we need t d t regain cntrl ver ur digital life?
A．Just turn ff all ntificatins.B．Use many mre tips and strategies.
C．Recnstruct ur cncept f technlgy.D．Delete mst apps n ur devices.
3．What des the text tell us abut digital minimalists?
A．They dn’t use digital devices at all.B．They nly use digital tls fr their values.
C．They spend a lt f time n the internet.D．They aren’t affected by mdern digital life.
4．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T give an example.B．T share an experience.
C．T explain a cncept.D．T cmpare different ways.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们对数码生活越来越失去控制以及数字极简主义这个概念。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sn after, despite the fact that my device was set t mute (静音), the act f cntinually checking fr ntificatins became a habit, and I realized I had created a new prblem.(不久之后，尽管我的设备设置为静音，但不断查看通知的行为成为了一种习惯，我意识到自己制造了一个新问题。)”可知，关闭手机通知后，作者不断查看通知。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“T regain cntrl, we must g beynd mdificatins and recnstruct ur relatinship with technlgy frm the grund up.(为了重新获得控制权，我们必须超越简单的修改，从根本上重建我们与科技的关系。)”可知，我们需要重建我们的技术概念来重新控制我们的数字生活。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Digital minimalists transfrm technlgy frm a surce f distractin int instruments t supprt a life well lived by wrking backwards frm their inner values t their technlgy chices.(数字极简主义者通过从自己的内在价值观出发来做出科技选择，从而将科技从分散注意力的源头转变为支持美好生活的工具。)”可知，数字极简主义者只使用数字工具来实现自己的价值观。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，全文围绕“数字极简主义”展开，尤其是倒数第二段“Cal Newprt, wh is an assciate prfessr f cmputer science at Gergetwn University, defines Digital Minimalism as a “philsphy f technlgy use in which yu fcus yur nline time n a small number f carefully selected and ptimized (最优化的) activities that strngly supprt things yu value, and then happily miss ut n everything else.”(Gergetwn University计算机科学副教授Cal Newprt将“数字极简主义”定义为“一种科技使用哲学，即你把上网时间集中在少数经过精心挑选和优化的活动上，这些活动能有力地支持你珍视的事物，然后欣然错过其他一切。”)”通过定义和最后一段“Digital minimalists transfrm technlgy frm a surce f distractin int instruments t supprt a life well lived by wrking backwards frm their inner values t their technlgy chices.(数字极简主义者通过从自己的内在价值观出发来做出科技选择，从而将科技从分散注意力的源头转变为支持美好生活的工具。)”解释其作用，旨在系统阐述这一概念，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念，故选C。
五、科普、研究报告类
押题1
A grwth mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities can be develped thrugh hard wrk,dedicatin, and learning. In cntrast, a fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits that cannt be changed. Develping a grwth mindset can be a valuable tl fr achieving success in bth persnal and prfessinal life.
One f the benefits f having a grwth mindset is that it allws individuals t embrace challenges and view them as pprtunities fr grwth. Instead f aviding challenges, individuals with a grwth mindset apprach them with a psitive attitude, seeing them as a chance t learn and imprve. This mindset helps individuals push themselves utside f their cmfrt zne, which can lead t persnal grwth and develpment. Anther benefit f a grwth mindset is that it allws individuals t persist in the face f setbacks and failures. When faced with bstacles, individuals with a grwth mindset dn’t give up r view them as a reflectin f their abilities. Instead, they see setbacks as temprary and an pprtunity t learn and grw frm their mistakes. This mindset helps individuals develp resilience and d grit, which are essential qualities fr achieving success.
Develping a grwth mindset can als lead t increased creativity and innvatin. When individuals believe that their abilities can be develped, they are mre likely t take risks and try new things. This mindset allws individuals t apprach prblems with an pen mind, which can lead t creative slutins and new ideas. Finally, a grwth mindset can lead t increased mtivatin and achievement. When individuals believe that their abilities can be develped, they are mre likely t set gals and wrk twards them. This mindset helps individuals stay fcused and mtivated, even in the face f challenges and setbacks.
In cnclusin, develping a grwth mindset can be a valuable tl fr achieving success in bth persnal and prfessinal life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face f setbacks, and appraching prblems with an pen mind, individuals with a grwth mindset can achieve their gals and reach their full ptential.
1．Hw many benefits f a grwth mindset are mentined in the text?
A．3.B．4.C．5.D．6.
2．Hw des a grwth mindset fuel a persn’s creativity?
A．It enables a persn t readily accept and face challenges.
B．It assists a persn in maintaining perseverance despite setbacks.
C．It inspires a persn t take chances and explre new pssibilities.
D．It drives a persn t establish attainable gals and pursue them.
3．Which f the fllwing peple has a grwth mindset?
A．The ne wh keeps blaming thers fr failures.
B．The ne wh seeks advice after making mistakes at wrk.
C．The ne wh is cmpletely discuraged after being criticized.
D．The ne wh quits learning the musical instrument halfway easily.
4．What des the authr want t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A．Individuals with a grwth mindset are mre likely t set realistic gals.
B．The grwth mindset is mainly beneficial fr achieving success in prfessinal life.
C．Embracing a grwth mindset can help realize ambitins and fulfill ne’s capabilities.
D．A fixed mindset is essential fr sustainable develpment and envirnmental awareness.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成长型思维对个人成功的益处。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One f the benefits f having a grwth mindset is that it allws individuals t embrace challenges and view them as pprtunities fr grwth. (拥有成长型思维的好处之一是，它允许个人接受挑战，并将其视为成长的机会)”、“Anther benefit f a grwth mindset is that it allws individuals t persist in the face f setbacks and failures. (成长型思维的另一个好处是，它允许个人在面对挫折和失败时坚持下去)”以及第三段中“Develping a grwth mindset can als lead t increased creativity and innvatin. (培养成长型思维也能提高创造力和创新能力)”和“Finally, a grwth mindset can lead t increased mtivatin and achievement. (最后，成长型思维模式可以带来更多的动力和成就)”可知，文章提到了成长型思维的四点好处。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Develping a grwth mindset can als lead t increased creativity and innvatin. When individuals believe that their abilities can be develped, they are mre likely t take risks and try new things. This mindset allws individuals t apprach prblems with an pen mind, which can lead t creative slutins and new ideas. (培养成长型思维也能提高创造力和创新能力。当个人相信他们的能力可以得到发展时，他们更有可能冒险和尝试新事物。这种心态使个人能够以开放的心态处理问题，从而产生创造性的解决方案和新想法)”可知，成长型思维激励一个人抓住机会，探索新的可能性。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In cnclusin, develping a grwth mindset can be a valuable tl fr achieving success in bth persnal and prfessinal life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face f setbacks, and appraching prblems with an pen mind, individuals with a grwth mindset can achieve their gals and reach their full ptential. (总之，培养成长型思维是在个人生活和职业生涯中取得成功的宝贵工具。通过接受挑战，坚持面对挫折，并以开放的心态处理问题，具有成长心态的个人可以实现他们的目标并充分发挥他们的潜力)”可知，在工作中犯错后寻求建议的人有成长心态。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In cnclusin, develping a grwth mindset can be a valuable tl fr achieving success in bth persnal and prfessinal life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face f setbacks, and appraching prblems with an pen mind, individuals with a grwth mindset can achieve their gals and reach their full ptential. (总之，培养成长型思维是在个人生活和职业生涯中取得成功的宝贵工具。通过接受挑战，坚持面对挫折，并以开放的心态处理问题，具有成长心态的个人可以实现他们的目标并充分发挥他们的潜力)”可知，文章最后一段强调秉持成长型思维有助于实现抱负和实现自己的能力。故选C。
押题2
I’m a psychlgy researcher. Alng with my teacher Thackery Brwn and music experts Sphia Mehdizadeh and Grace Leslie, ur recently published research uncvered interesting cnnectins between music, emtin and memry.
When yu listen t music, it transcends mere hearing engagement. The areas f yur brain respnsible fr emtin and memry als becme active. The hippcampus, which is essential fr string and retrieving (检索) memries, wrks clsely with the amygdala, the brain’s emtinal center. This is partly why certain sngs are nt nly memrable but als deeply emtinal.
While music’s ability t evke emtins and memries is well knwn, we wndered whether it culd als change the emtinal cntent f existing memries. Our thery was rted in the cncept f memry reactivatin—the idea that when yu recall a memry, it becmes temprarily changeable, allwing new infrmatin t be included.
We then develped a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memrized a series f shrt, emtinally neutral (中性的) stries. The next day, they recalled these stries while listening t either psitive music, negative music r silence. We als recrded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain activity. On the final day, we asked participants t recall the stries again, this time withut any music.
The results were striking. When participants listened t emtinally charged music while recalling the neutral stries, they were mre likely t include new emtinal elements in the stry. Even mre interesting were the brain scans. When participants recalled stries while listening t music, there was increased activity in the amygdala and hippcampus. This is why a sng assciated with a significant life event can feel s pwerful—it activates bth emtin-prcessing and memry-prcessing regins.
Memries, much like yur favrite sngs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music yu listen t while lking back r even while ging abut yur daily rutines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping hw yu remember thse experiences in the future. While further research is needed, ur findings have exciting implicatins fr bth everyday life and fr medicine.
1．What des the underlined wrd “transcends” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Attends t.B．Ges beynd.C．Depends n.D．Relates t.
2．What did the participants d n the secnd day f the experiment?
A．They memrized new stries withut any interruptins.
B．They reviewed stries in a quiet envirnment withut music.
C．They wrte dwn their feelings abut the stries they had heard.
D．They recalled stries in different music with brain activity measured.
3．What can we infer based n the passage?
A．Music has a clear impact n peple’s daily lives.
B．Music wn’t affect peple’s memries when they listen t it.
C．Peple may uncnsciusly change their memries when listening t music.
D．The hippcampus and amygdala are the essential parts f the brain related t emtin.
4．What might further research fcus n?
A．Whether music can cmpletely erase bad memries.
B．Hw different types f music affect memry in varius age grups.
C．What kind f music is mst ppular amng peple with gd memries.
D．If music can be used as a treatment fr memry disrders in clinical settings.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐与情感、记忆的联系及相关实验和发现。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The areas f yur brain respnsible fr emtin and memry als becme active.(你大脑中负责情感和记忆的区域也变得活跃起来)”可知，听音乐时不仅仅是（超越了）听觉上的参与，大脑中负责情感和记忆的区域也会参与进来。由此可推测，transcends意思是“超越”，与“Ges beynd.”意思相近。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The next day, they recalled these stries while listening t either psitive music, negative music r silence. We als recrded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain activity.(第二天，他们在听积极的音乐、消极的音乐或处于安静状态时回忆这些故事。我们还通过功能性磁共振成像扫描记录了他们的大脑活动，这种扫描可以测量大脑活动)”可知，在实验的第二天，参与者在不同音乐环境下回忆故事，并测量了他们的大脑活动。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Memries, much like yur favrite sngs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music yu listen t while lking back r even while ging abut yur daily rutines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping hw yu remember thse experiences in the future.(记忆，就像你最喜欢的歌曲一样，可以被音乐重新混音和重新制作。当你回忆往事时，甚至在你进行日常生活时所听的音乐，可能会在不知不觉中塑造你未来对这些经历的记忆方式)”可知，你在回顾过去甚至在日常生活中听的音乐，可能会微妙地影响你将来如何记住这些经历。由此可推断出，人们在听音乐时可能会无意识地改变他们的记忆。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While further research is needed, ur findings have exciting implicatins fr bth everyday life and fr medicine.(虽然还需要进一步的研究，但我们的发现对日常生活和医学都有令人兴奋的意义)”可推知，进一步的研究可能会关注音乐是否可以在临床环境中作为治疗记忆障碍的一种方法。故选D。
六、体育与健康类
押题1
Standing n a stage, belting ut a ballad at a lcal Chinese festival is a cre memry fr Kien Vuu. When he was just 6 years ld, he was the yungest member f his family band — ne f its star singers. While he was t yung t understand the wrds he was singing — frm Part f the Game, a 1970s sng abut heartbreak by Hng Kng pp grup The Wynners, he did understand hw much he lved perfrming music, especially with his family.
Vuu did nt grw up t becme a prfessinal singer. Instead, he chse medical schl and became Kien Vuu, MD, a lngevity dctr and assistant prfessr f health sciences at UCLA．Yet he never lst his lve fr singing, s he made time regularly fr karake sessins with his wn children.
“Singing with peple has always been ne f my favrite hbbies,” he says. “Karake is ne f thse things that just lights me up and brings me jy. In my wrk as a dctr and researcher, I’ve becme cnvinced that having hbbies is an essential part f living and aging well.”
Sanam Hafeez, a neurpsychlgist at New Yrk’s Clumbia University, agrees. “I feel very strngly abut the imprtance f having hbbies,” she says, “My hbbies include practicing Pilates and learning Italian. The benefits are immense, bth physically and cgnitively.”
Dr. Vuu easily rattles ff the benefits he gets frm singing. In additin t bsting his md, singing helps him bnd with his family and feel cnnected with his Chinese heritage, imprves his memry and mental health, lwers his stress and even gives him a bit f cardi.
Fr a small investment, that’s a lt f return. And the best news is that all these great mental and physical health benefits can cme frm any activity that lights yu up, as Dr. Vuu puts it. But hw d yu find and nurture a hbby that truly sets y yur sul n fire? The jurney begins with curisity and a willingness t explre new experiences.
1．What des the first paragraph emphasize abut Kien Vuu?
A．His lack f understanding f sng lyrics.B．His desire t becme a prfessinal singer.
C．His lve fr perfrming music.D．His cnnectin with family and heritage.
2．Why des the authr mentin Sanam Hafeez?
A．T prvide additinal expert supprt.
B．T stress the rle f hbbies in prfessinal success.
C．T intrduce a different perspective n singing.
D．T cntrast her views n hbbies with Dr. Vuu’s.
3．What des the underlined phrase “rattles ff” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Says.B．Denies.C．Skips.D．Ntices.
4．What will prbably be discussed in the fllwing paragraph?
A．The histry f karake in Chinese culture.B．Appraches t cultivating engaging hbbies.
C．Dr. Vuu’s medical research n lngevity.D．Sanam Hafeez’s career achievements.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱好对个人生活和健康的益处。
1．主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“When he was just 6 years ld, he was the yungest member f his family band — ne f its star singers. While he was t yung t understand the wrds he was singing — frm Part f the Game, a 1970s sng abut heartbreak by Hng Kng pp grup The Wynners, he did understand hw much he lved perfrming music, especially with his family. (在他只有6岁的时候，他就是家族乐队中最年轻的成员 —— 还是乐队的明星歌手之一。那时他还太小，不理解自己所唱歌曲的歌词 —— 那首歌是20世纪70年代香港流行乐队温拿乐队的《Part f the Game》，一首关于心碎的歌曲，但他清楚地知道自己有多么热爱表演音乐，尤其是和家人一起表演)”可知，第一段强调了Kien Vuu对表演音乐的热爱。故选C。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段““Singing with peple has always been ne f my favrite hbbies,” he says. “Karake is ne f thse things that just lights me up and brings me jy. In my wrk as a dctr and researcher, I’ve becme cnvinced that having hbbies is an essential part f living and aging well.” (“和别人一起唱歌一直是我最喜欢的爱好之一，” 他说，“卡拉OK就是那种能让我充满活力、给我带来快乐的事情。作为一名医生和研究人员，我越来越坚信，拥有爱好是生活和优雅老去的重要组成部分。”)”可知，Kien Vuu认为有爱好对生活和健康很重要，结合第四段“Sanam Hafeez, a neurpsychlgist at New Yrk’s Clumbia University, agrees. “I feel very strngly abut the imprtance f having hbbies,” she says, “My hbbies include practicing Pilates and learning Italian. The benefits are immense, bth physically and cgnitively.” (纽约哥伦比亚大学的神经心理学家Sanam Hafeez对此表示赞同。“我非常看重拥有爱好的重要性，”她说，“我的爱好包括练习普拉提和学习意大利语。这些爱好在身体和认知方面都有巨大的益处。”)”可知，神经心理学家Sanam Hafeez也认同有爱好的重要性，所以作者提到Sanam Hafeez是为了提供额外的专家支持，进一步说明有爱好的重要性。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Dr. Vuu easily rattles ff the benefits he gets frm singing. In additin t bsting his md, singing helps him bnd with his family and feel cnnected with his Chinese heritage, imprves his memry and mental health, lwers his stress and even gives him a bit f cardi. (Vuu博士轻而易举地 rattles ff他从唱歌中获得的好处。除了改善他的情绪，唱歌还能帮助他与家人建立联系，让他感受到与中国传统的联系，改善他的记忆力和心理健康，减轻他的压力，甚至还能让他做一些有氧运动)”可知，这里是在列举唱歌的好处，所以rattles ff意思是“说出”，与Says“说出”意思相符。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But hw d yu find and nurture a hbby that truly sets y yur sul n fire? The jurney begins with curisity and a willingness t explre new experiences. (但是，你如何找到并培养一个真正能让你灵魂燃烧的爱好呢？这段旅程始于好奇心和探索新体验的意愿)”可知，所以接下来可能会讨论培养有趣爱好的方法。故选B。
押题2
Over the past few weeks, I’ve been experiencing a bad fall, largely attributed t my ADHD (多动障碍) drugs running ut. This has made it challenging fr me t find the mtivatin t tackle daily tasks, including regular exercise.
Hwever, a recent wrkut led t an epiphany: neglecting physical activity was actually wrsening my cnditin. It appears that engaging in physical activity culd be an effective strategy fr managing my ADHD symptms while l await a prescriptin refill.
After a wrkut, my mind feels quieter, much like when I take my medicatin. This makes sense as ADHD drugs increase levels f a brain medical called nradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素), enhancing fcus, memry, and impulse cntrl. Exercise als increases this chemical.
While these insights are prmising, I’m nt ready t stp my medicatin. Research n exercise and ADHD has mixed results. A 2023 review f 106 studies shwed exercise significantly imprves impulse cntrl, attentin, and task-switching in yung peple with ADHD．Hwever, its impact n regulating emtins and wrking memry is less prnunced, and the benefits are even less fr adults. In anther study, 10 minutes f exercise imprved impulse cntrl in 82 adults with ADHD but had n effect n ther symptms.
These findings suggest that exercise has a mdest effect n ADHD but highlight additinal benefits beynd physical health. The evidence is particularly strng fr depressin and anxiety. A 2023 review f nearly 300 trials invlving ver 15, 800 adults fund physical activity as effective as talk therapy and medicatins in reducing symptms. The benefit was strnger when cmbined with these treatments.
Exercise may als alleviate symptms f ther mental health cnditins, such as biplar disrder and bsessive-cmpulsive disrder. It appears prtective as well. A 2018 study f ver 12 millin adults fund that thse wh exercised experienced 43 percent fewer days f pr mental health than thse wh didn’t. The link was strngest fr team sprts, cycling, and aerbic and gym activities.
I’m relieved t have fund a strategy fr managing my ADHD symptms withut medicatin. Even thugh exercising is the last thing I want t d when verwhelmed, I nw realize its imprtance. The benefits f exercise fr mental health are clear, and I’m cmmitted t making it a pririty in my life.
1．What des the underlined part “an epiphany” mst likely mean in paragraph 2?
A．A rush reslutin r decisin.
B．A sense f disappintment.
C．A sudden realizatin r insight.
D．A mment f great happiness.
2．What rle des exercise play accrding t the research findings presented in the passage?
A．Exercise is a perfect replacement fr ADHD medicatin.
B．Exercise has n effect n mental health cnditins ther than ADHD．
C．Exercise can cmplement medicatin in managing ADHD symptms.
D．Exercise benefits physical health mre than bsessive-cmpulsive disrder.
3．Which f the fllwing best describes the authr’s attitude twards exercise?
A．Reluctant but imprtance-aware.
B．Casual but fcused.
C．Incnsistent but passinate.
D．Negative but disciplined.
4．What can we learn frm the experience with exercise and ADHD?
A．Preventin is better than cure.
B．Every clud has a silver lining.
C．A healthy utside starts frm the inside.
D．The bdy is a temple; The mind is a palace.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者自己通过体育锻炼改善了自己的身体健康，强调了运动带来的好处。
1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的“neglecting physical activity was actually wrsening my cnditin. It appears that engaging in physical activity culd be an effective strategy fr managing my ADHD symptms while l await a prescriptin refill.(忽视体育活动实际上正在恶化我的状况。看来，在等待处方续药的同时，参与体育活动可能是管理我ADHD症状的有效策略。)”可知，此处描述的是作者在锻炼后的感悟，意识到忽视体育活动实际上使他的情况变得更糟，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“感悟，意识到”意义相近。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A 2023 review f 106 studies shwed exercise significantly imprves impulse cntrl, attentin, and task-switching in yung peple with ADHD.(2023年对106项研究的回顾表明，运动显著改善了患有ADHD的年轻人的冲动控制、注意力和任务转换能力。)”可知，锻炼对管理ADHD症状有积极作用，结合倒数第二段中的“Exercise may als alleviate symptms f ther mental health cnditins, such as biplar disrder and bsessive-cmpulsive disrder.(运动还可能缓解其他心理健康状况的症状，如双相情感障碍和强迫症。)”可知，锻炼对其他心理健康问题也有缓解作用，此外，结合尾段中的“I’m relieved t have fund a strategy fr managing my ADHD symptms withut medicatin.(我很欣慰能找到一种不用药物就能管理我的ADHD症状的策略。)”可知，作者认为锻炼可以作为一种补充策略来管理ADHD症状，而不是完全替代药物，综合以上信息可知，运动可以辅助药物治疗，共同管理ADHD症状。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Even thugh exercising is the last thing I want t d when verwhelmed, I nw realize its imprtance.(即使在感到不知所措时，锻炼是我最不想做的事情，但现在我意识到了它的重要性。)”可知，作者虽然不情愿，但已经开始意识到锻炼的重要性。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m relieved t have fund a strategy fr managing my ADHD symptms withut medicatin. Even thugh exercising is the last thing I want t d when verwhelmed, I nw realize its imprtance. The benefits f exercise fr mental health are clear, and I’m cmmitted t making it a pririty in my life.(我很欣慰能找到一种不用药物就能管理我的ADHD症状的策略。即使在感到不知所措时，锻炼是我最不想做的事情，但现在我意识到了它的重要性。运动对心理健康的好处是显而易见的，我决心将它作为生活中的优先事项。)”可知，尽管运动是作者在感到不知所措时最不想做的事情，但他现在意识到了它的重要性，并决定将其作为生活中的优先事项。这表明，即便在面对挑战和困难时，仍然可以找到改善自己状况的方法，即通过运动来帮助管理ADHD症状和其他心理健康问题，这是作者从这次经历中学到的重要一课，这与B选项“Every clud has a silver lining(每片乌云都有银边，即“每个困难都有积极的一面”)”相符。故选B项。
押题3
In the times when ur ancestrs lived, the fds that were available might have been fruits, nuts, seeds. These fds were nutrient-dense (营养丰富的), nt energy-dense. What has happened in mdern times is that previusly healthy whlefds have been largely replaced by ultra-prcessed fds, which are high in pure sugar, high fructse crn syrup, salt, and the wrng types f fats.
The reasn why ur bdies desire these fds is that they are laded with ingredients which can activate the pleasure center in ur brain, namely the s-called dpamine (多巴胺) reward pathway. When we cnsume ultra-prcessed fds that are highly delicius, such as highly sugary fds r sdas, the dpamine, which is the feel-gd neurtransmitter (神经递质), makes us feel better in the shrt term, and it makes us want t eat them again.
Junk fd damages the gut micrbime and harms ur mental health. It causes diseases, lwers ur md, and increases ur anxiety. These prblems are wrsened when peple suffer frm stress and anxiety, and they reach ut fr a bag f candy r a bag f chips. The stress cntributes t habit circuits in the brain.
When we desire junk fd, alng with the release f dpamine in the brain in advance, ur stmach is prducing ghrelin, knwn as the hunger hrmne, which makes us seek ut the calrie-dense junk fd. And after we satisfy ur desire, dpamine is released again.
There is anther neurtransmitter at play, sertnin, als called the happiness hrmne. Sme f the fds that we desire are full f carbhydrates, which can increase sertnin. In the shrt term, these fds can make us feel slightly better, but it’s a temprary md bst and after a shrt while we’ll feel depressed and anxius.
Anther chemical in actin is the hrmne leptin, which signals that we shuld stp eating. But ultra-prcessed fds can interfere with the signaling. When peple cnsume ultra-prcessed fds all the time, the hrmne leptin will stp wrking. Peple can develp smething called leptin resistance, which can lead t vereating.
1．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T lead in the tpic.B．T shw hw ancient life was.
C．T reveal a cnclusin.D．T cmpare tw types f fds.
2．What may happen if yu turn t junk fd t relieve yur stress?
A．Yu will feel better in the lng run.B．Yu may be addicted t the junk fd.
C．Yur gut micrbime will be imprved.D．The quality f yur sleep will get wrse.
3．What is the primary physilgical factr behind ne’s vereating?
A．The habit f eating large meals.B．Limitless emtinal eating.
C．Leptin’s failure t wrk.D．The delicius flavr f fd.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Why D We Resist the Junk Fd Diet?
B．What Happens in Our Brain When We Eat?
C．Hw Des Junk Fd Affect Our Bdy and Mind?
D．Hw Can We Ease Negative Feelings by Eating?
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了现代垃圾食品如何通过影响大脑的化学物质(如多巴胺、血清素、瘦素等)导致人们成瘾、暴饮暴食，并对心理健康造成负面影响，还解释了人们为何偏爱这些不健康的食物。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the times when ur ancestrs lived, the fds that were available might have been fruits, nuts, seeds. These fds were nutrient-dense (营养丰富的), nt energy-dense. What has happened in mdern times is that previusly healthy whlefds have been largely replaced by ultra-prcessed fds, which are high in pure sugar, high fructse crn syrup, salt, and the wrng types f fats.(在我们祖先生活的时代，可用的食物可能是水果、坚果和种子。这些食物营养丰富，但能量不高。现代所发生的事情是，以前健康的天然食品在很大程度上被超加工食品所取代，这些食品富含纯糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、盐和错误类型的脂肪)”结合下文对超加工食品对健康的影响可知，本段是为了引出下文关于超加工食品的内容。所以第一段的目的是引入话题。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Junk fd damages the gut micrbime and harms ur mental health. It causes diseases, lwers ur md, and increases ur anxiety. These prblems are wrsened when peple suffer frm stress and anxiety, and they reach ut fr a bag f candy r a bag f chips. The stress cntributes t habit circuits in the brain.(垃圾食品会破坏肠道微生物群，危害我们的心理健康。它会导致疾病，降低我们的情绪，增加我们的焦虑。当人们感到压力和焦虑时，这些问题会变得更加严重，他们会伸手去拿一袋糖果或一袋薯片。压力会导致大脑中的习惯回路)”可知，如果人们通过摄入垃圾食品缓解压力，可能会对垃圾食品上瘾，一感到有压力时就会去吃垃圾食品。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Anther chemical in actin is the hrmne leptin, which signals that we shuld stp eating. But ultra-prcessed fds can interfere with the signaling. When peple cnsume ultra-prcessed fds all the time, the hrmne leptin will stp wrking. Peple can develp smething called leptin resistance, which can lead t vereating.(另一种起作用的化学物质是激素瘦素，它发出的信号是我们应该停止进食。但超加工食品会干扰这种信号。当人们一直食用超加工食品时，瘦素激素就会停止工作。人们会产生瘦素抵抗，从而导致暴饮暴食)”可知，暴饮暴食背后的主要生理因素是瘦素不起作用。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Junk fd damages the gut micrbime and harms ur mental health. It causes diseases, lwers ur md, and increases ur anxiety. These prblems are wrsened when peple suffer frm stress and anxiety, and they reach ut fr a bag f candy r a bag f chips. The stress cntributes t habit circuits in the brain.(垃圾食品会破坏肠道微生物群，危害我们的心理健康。它会导致疾病，降低我们的情绪，增加我们的焦虑。当人们感到压力和焦虑时，这些问题会变得更加严重，他们会伸手去拿一袋糖果或一袋薯片。压力会导致大脑中的习惯回路)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了现代垃圾食品如何通过影响多巴胺、血清素、瘦素等化学物质的分泌对人们的身心健康产生负面影响。C项“垃圾食品如何影响我们的身心”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
押题4
Struggling t fit wrkuts int yur busy week? Yu’re nt alne. New research suggests that “weekend warrirs (勇士)” wh pack at least 150 minutes f exercise int ne r tw days enjy similar health benefits t thse wh spread wrkuts thrughut the week.
Anther recent study fund that being a weekend warrir reduced the risk f cgnitive cnditins such as dementia, Parkinsn’s disease, strke, and depressive disrders.
Living a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle raises a persn’s risk f a range f ailments, including cardivascular disease, Type-2 diabetes, strke, cancer, depressin, and anxiety. Abut half f all Americans have chrnic diseases that culd be prevented with the help f regular physical activity, accrding t the U. S. Department f Health and Human Services.
The nearly 90, 000 peple whse data the researchers analyzed in the new study were divided int three categries: regular exerciser, weekend warrir, and the inactive. Cmpared t thse wh didn’t exercise, regular exercisers and weekend warrirs had a lwer risk f mre than 260 diseases ver six years. The prtective benefits fr Type-2 diabetes were highest, with 43 percent lwer risk fr the weekend warrir and 46 percent lwer risk fr the regular exerciser, respectively.
“N time t exercise? Just 5 minutes still has a big impact. The research adds t earlier studies that shw that any amunt f physical activity cunts and allws peple sme flexibility, ” says SaraK. Rsenkranz, an exercise physilgist and assciate prfessr f kinesilgy and nutritin sciences at the University f Nevada Las Vegas. “If yu’re nt regularly getting mderate-t-vigrus (中度到剧烈的) physical activity thrughut the week but have time t d it n the weekend, yu can d smething yu enjy, like a bike ride r a hike, ” she says. “The thing t keep in mind is that it desn’t take much. Even if it’s just a few minutes f mderate-t-vigrus physical activity here r there, yu’re ging t get a benefit. Wrking ut even ne r tw days a week als lwer the risk f md disrders, which is anther majr benefit, ” adds Rsenkranz.
1．What des the new study tell us?
A．Weekend wrkuts are als beneficial t us.
B．Mst peple chse t exercise n weekends.
C．Weekend warrirs are healthier than regular exercisers.
D．Few peple can keep wrking ut daily and cnsistently.
2．Which can prbably replace the underlined wrd “ailments” in paragraph 3?
A．Injuries.B．Cnsequences.C．Emtins.D．Illnesses.
3．What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．The result f the research.B．The prcess f the research.
C．The health status f Americans.D．The data f the research bjects.
4．What des Rsenkranz prbably agree with?
A．The time f exercising matters a lt.B．We had better exercise every weekday.
C．As lng as we exercise, it cunts a lt.D．Taking exercise desn’t take much energy.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明：对于工作日很难安排出时间锻炼身体的人而言，在周末安排相应的运动锻炼同样具有好处，一样能降低很多疾病的发病风险。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中 “New research suggests that “weekend warrirs (勇士)” wh pack at least 150 minutes f exercise int ne r tw days enjy similar health benefits t thse wh spread wrkuts thrughut the week.(“周末勇士”在一到两天内至少锻炼150分钟，与那些在一周内分散锻炼的人获得的健康益处相似。)”可知，新的研究表明，在一两天内完成至少150分钟锻炼的“周末勇士”和那些在一周内分散锻炼的人享受类似的健康益处，即周末锻炼对我们也有益处。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…including cardivascular disease, Type-2 diabetes, strke, cancer, depressin, and anxiety.(包括心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、中风、癌症、抑郁和焦虑。)”以及后一句中“Abut half f all Americans have chrnic diseases(大约一半的美国人患有慢性疾病。)”可知，久坐不动的生活方式会增加一个人患上一系列“ailments”的风险，后面列举的“cardivascular disease, Type-2 diabetes, strke, cancer, depressin, and anxiety”都是疾病，所以“ailments”意思是“疾病”，D 选项“illnesses”（疾病）符合。故选D项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The nearly 90, 000 peple whse data the researchers analyzed in the new study were divided int three categries: regular exerciser, weekend warrir, and the inactive. Cmpared t thse wh didn’t exercise, regular exercisers and weekend warrirs had a lwer risk f mre than 260 diseases ver six years. The prtective benefits fr Type-2 diabetes were highest, with 43 percent lwer risk fr the weekend warrir and 46 percent lwer risk fr the regular exerciser, respectively.(在这项新研究中，研究人员分析了近9万人的数据，将他们分为三类：定期锻炼者、周末战士和不运动者。与那些不锻炼的人相比，经常锻炼和周末运动的人在六年内患260多种疾病的风险较低。对2型糖尿病的保护作用是最大的，周末战士的风险降低了43%，定期锻炼者的风险降低了46%。)”可知，主要讲述了研究人员对近 9 万人的数据进行分析，将他们分为三类，然后比较了不同类别与不锻炼的人在六年内患260多种疾病的风险情况，这是研究的结果。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“N time t exercise? Just 5 minutes still has a big impact. The research adds t earlier studies that shw that any amunt f physical activity cunts and allws peple sme flexibility(“没时间锻炼？”仅仅5分钟也有很大的影响。这项研究补充了早期的研究，表明任何数量的体育活动都是重要的，并使人们有一定的灵活性)”以及 “Even if it’s just a few minutes f mderate-t-vigrus physical activity here r there, yu’re ging t get a benefit. Wrking ut even ne r tw days a week als lwer the risk f md disrders, which is anther majr benefit(即使只是在这里或那里进行几分钟中等到高强度的体育活动，你也会从中受益。即使每周锻炼一到两天也能降低患情绪障碍的风险，这是另一个主要好处。)”可知，Rsenkranz认为只要锻炼就很重要，即使只有几分钟的中度到剧烈的体育活动，也会有好处，一周锻炼一两天也能降低情绪障碍的风险。故选C项。
七、发明与创造类
押题1
Knwn fr their hairy ears, rund faces and big black nses, kalas (树袋熊) spend mst f their time napping in the thick frests. Their lve fr perching (栖息) high up and mving very little makes these Australian icns difficult t trace. But that culd sn change thanks t a new technique that can “sniff” ut kalas’ whereabuts.
The methd, described n Octber 13 in the Jurnal f Applied Eclgy, captures DNA flating arund the kala’s natural envirnment using filters (过滤器) made f cheeseclth, a thin fabric cmmnly fund in kitchens. Secured between tw stainless steel plates, the cheeseclth filters were tested at 26 sites in fur nature reserves acrss Queensland, Australia. Each site received tw filters — ne placed abut 1.5 meters abve the grund with a fan that mechanically drew in air, and anther placed clser t the grund t trap any debris (碎片). After a few days, researchers retk the filters and analyzed the genetic material trapped within. T their delight, the scientists identified kalas’ DNA as well as DNA frm eleven ther species that are knwn t inhabit the area.
Ppulatins f kalas have sharply decreased in recent years due t bushfires and diseases. In 2022, the Australian gvernment declared that kalas are endangered in sme parts f the cuntry. Cnservatin effrts have relied n advanced instruments including thermal imaging drnes and acustic recrders t detect kalas. “The new DNA sampler is less expensive and requires fewer technical skills t perate,” the researchers say.
“It is very simple,” says evlutinary bilgist Celine Frere f The University f Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. “The idea is t get citizen scientists, private prperty wners and schl students t g ut and use the filters.”
The wrk adds yet anther tl that scientists can use t detect envirnmental DNA(eDNA). Other researchers have sught fr eDNA in the air in zs and frests, n vegetatin and even n the filters f air pllutin mnitring statins.
“Sme f the wrk in this particular study is really an imprtant first step,” says eclgist Matthew Barnes f Texas Tech University in Lubbck. The experiment ccurred in an uncntrlled envirnment, where there’re a lt f uncertainties and a risk that strng wind r rain culd affect the results.
1．Why are kalas difficult t track?
A．Because they like staying high and inactive.
B．Because they are sensitive and alert.
C．Because they are small and quiet.
D．Because they can take n the clrs f the backgrund.
2．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．What is the purpse f the methd.
B．Hw the methd wrks.
C．What is the result f the methd.
D．Hw the ideas behind the methd develp.
3．What is Matthew Barnes’s attitude twards this study?
A．Dubtful.B．Cnfused.C．Favurable.D．Disapprving.
4．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Kalas can be easily caught nw.
B．New tls are expensive and hard t handle.
C．Kalas have died ut because f bushfires and diseases.
D．The results f the experiment may be influenced by many factrs.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，研究人员开发了一种用粗棉布制作过滤器来收集树袋熊栖息环境中的DNA的新方法，以帮助更高效地追踪这些难以发现的动物。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Their lve fr perching (栖息) high up and mving very little makes these Australian icns difficult t trace.(它们喜欢栖息在高处，很少移动，这使得这些澳大利亚的标志很难找到踪迹)”可知，树袋熊因为喜欢栖息在高处且活动量小，所以很难被追踪，故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是首句“The methd, described n Octber 13 in the Jurnal f Applied Eclgy, captures DNA flating arund the kala’s natural envirnment using filters (过滤器) made f cheeseclth, a thin fabric cmmnly fund in kitchens.(10月13日发表在《应用生态学杂志》上的这一方法，通过使用由厨房常用的薄织物——粗棉布制成的过滤器，捕获漂浮在考拉自然环境中的DNA)”可知，第二段主要介绍了新方法的工作原理：通过使用粗棉布制成的过滤器收集树袋熊在自然环境中漂浮的DNA，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sme f the wrk in this particular study is really an imprtant first step(这项研究中的一些工作确实是重要的第一步)”可知，Matthew Barnes认为这项研究的部分成果是重要的一步，这表明他对这项研究持积极态度，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“The experiment ccurred in an uncntrlled envirnment, where there’re a lt f uncertainties and a risk that strng wind r rain culd affect the results.(实验发生在一个不受控制的环境中，那里有很多不确定因素，强风或大雨可能会影响结果)”可知，实验结果可能受到许多因素的影响，故选D。
押题2
Creativity is hard t define and perhaps even mre difficult t measure, but scientists think they’ve cme up with a remarkably simple way f assessing at least ne aspect f it. The new methd, called the Divergent Assciatin Task (DAT), asks peple t name 10 nuns that are as far apart in meaning as pssible. “Cat” and “bk” wuld be mre divergent than “cat” and “dg”, fr example. A cmputer algrithm then measures the semantic (语义的) distance — hw much the tw wrds have t d with each ther-between the nuns the persn came up with. Based n an analysis f respnses frm 8,914 vlunteers, DAT is at least as gd as current methds fr predicting creativity in a persn.
The AUT, (Alternative Uses Task, where yu think f as many uses as pssible fr an bject) and the BAGT, (Bridge-the-Assciative Gap Task, where yu try and link tw wrds with a third wrd) are the tw existing measures f creativity that DAT ges up against. The creativity scres frm DAT crrelated well with the scres frm the tw existing measures. What’s mre, the data shw that its effectiveness seems t apply acrss different peple grups, making it suitable fr large-scale surveys.
The key benefits f the new DAT test are that it’s simple and quick t cmplete, and desn’t require any kind f human assessment, which might intrduce bias (偏见). Hwever, the researchers are keen t pint ut that it desn’t measure every aspect f creativity.
“Our test measures nly a sliver f ne type f creativity,” said psychlgist Jay Olsn, frm Harvard University. “But it enables creativity assessments acrss larger and mre diverse samples with less bias, which will ultimately help us better understand this fundamental human ability. The mre we understand it, the better we can fster it in all its frms.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “divergent” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Distant.B．Related.C．Accurate.D．Plain.
2．Hw des the authr clarify the AUT and the BAGT?
A．By giving examples.B．By analyzing data.
C．By ffering definitins.D．By making cmparisns.
3．What is an advantage f the DAT?
A．It reduces ptential bias.B．It features detailed results.
C．It measures verall creativity.D．It targets certain peple grups.
4．Accrding t Jay Olsn, what is a pssible result f using the DAT?
A．Replacing the AUT and the BAGT.B．Strengthening the imprtance f testing.
C．Deepening the understanding f creativity.D．Sharpening cmmunicatin skills.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明被称为发散联想任务的方法可以激发创造力，解释了研究的开展过程以及发现。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The new methd, called the Divergent Assciatin Task (DAT), asks peple t name 10 nuns that are as far apart in meaning as pssible.(这种新方法被称为发散联想任务（DAT），要求人们说出10个在意义上尽可能不同的名词)”以及后文“than “cat” and “dg”(比“猫”和“狗”)”可知，要求人们说出在意义上尽可能不同的名词，例如“猫”和“书”比“猫”和“狗”更加不同。故划线词意思是“不同的”。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The AUT, (Alternative Uses Task, where yu think f as many uses as pssible fr an bject) and the BAGT, (Bridge-the-Assciative Gap Task, where yu try and link tw wrds with a third wrd) are the tw existing measures f creativity that DAT ges up against.(AUT （Alternative Uses Task，让你尽可能多地想出一个物体的用途）和BAGT （bridging - The - assciative Gap Task，让你试着把两个单词和第三个单词联系起来）是DAT所反对的两个现有的创造力测试)”可知，作者提供定义澄清AUT和BAGT。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The key benefits f the new DAT test are that it’s simple and quick t cmplete, and desn’t require any kind f human assessment, which might intrduce bias (偏见).(新的DAT测试的主要优点是它简单而快速地完成，并且不需要任何可能引入偏见的人工评估)”可知，DAT的优势是减少了潜在的偏见。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our test measures nly a sliver f ne type f creativity,” said psychlgist Jay Olsn, frm Harvard University. “But it enables creativity assessments acrss larger and mre diverse samples with less bias, which will ultimately help us better understand this fundamental human ability. The mre we understand it, the better we can fster it in all its frms.”(哈佛大学的心理学家杰伊·奥尔森说：“我们的测试只测量了一种创造力的一小部分。但它可以在更大、更多样化的样本中以更少的偏见进行创造力评估，这最终将帮助我们更好地理解人类的这种基本能力。”我们对它了解得越多，我们就越能更好地培养它的各种形式。”)”可知，根据Jay Olsn的说法，使用DAT可能会加深对创造力的理解。故选C。
八、宇宙探索类
押题1
The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it. But that is abut t change.
Half a century after the Apll prgramme, a private spacecraft Nva-C made the first tuchdwn n the mn successfully, bearing scientific instruments, micrfiche (微缩胶片) stry disks, cameras, and sculptures t stay n the mn frever. Its success wuld prmise many mre. Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.
Fr the first time, private capital has reached the mn, expanding beynd scientific gals. This allws private landers, even when carrying gvernment science experiments, t include additinal nn-scientific paylads (有酬负载) fr ther custmers. Items bund t raise varius bjectins, such as human cremains (骨灰) and dehydrated water bears frm past missins, have caused cncerns abut bilgical materials n the mn. There’re a lt mre planned fr future launches, likely sparking further debate.
Befre this decade is ut, with a pwerful enugh telescpe, yu may be able t see evidence f human cnstructin r even habitatin n the mn. In 2023, the glbal space industry was valued at $469 billin, expected t exceed $1 trillin by 2030, driven by grwing satellite use in manufacturing, pwer, and data. “We are nw at a tipping pint, where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects,” a reprt read.
A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting (开采) lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.
Explring the mn has value fr science and ptential benefits fr Earth, but humans ften turn explratin int explitatin, and the mn may face the same fate. The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.
1．What is the authr’s cncern abut the mn’s future?
A．Unregulated cmmercial activities.B．Illegal human cnstructin.
C．Limited paylad carried t the mn.D．A lack f scientific missins.
2．The “tipping pint” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change .
A．frm cperatin t cmpetitinB．frm science t trade
C．frm lunar landing t settlementD．frm fantasy t adventure
3．What can we infer frm this passage?
A．Lunar resurce explratin hlds great prmise.
B．Massive investment is beneficial t lunar develpment.
C．Nn-scientific activities can test lunar envirnmental limits.
D．The existing agreement is insufficient in cntrlling ver-explitatin.
4．What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．The Prmising Mn: Playgrund fr All
B．The Mn’s Edge: Ambitin Meets Reality
C．The Mn’s Future: Uncver the Unknwn
D．The Silent Mn: Humanity’s Respnsibility
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发，强调人类对月球负有责任。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.(尽管这似乎是人类太空探索野心的一个令人兴奋的前景，但它也预示着未来月球将成为不受控制的商业活动的温床，这将不可逆转地改变它)”可知，作者担心的是月球未来会成为不受监管的商业活动的温床，即未受规范的商业活动。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fr the first time, private capital has reached the mn, expanding beynd scientific gals. This allws private landers, even when carrying gvernment science experiments, t include additinal nn-scientific paylads (有酬负载) fr ther custmers.(私人资本首次登上月球，超越了科学目标。这使得私人着陆器，即使在携带政府科学实验时，也可以为其他客户提供额外的非科学有酬负载)”以及第四段“‘We are nw at a tipping pint, where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects,’ a reprt read.(我们现在正处于一个转折点，以前仅限于科幻小说的想法代表了有吸引力的投资项目)”可知，私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，以前科幻小说里的想法现在成为了有吸引力的投资项目，因此tipping pint指的是从科学到贸易的转变。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting (开采) lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.(自2020年以来，一项自愿协议一直被用来促进月球合作。它促进了国际标准、紧急援助和数据共享。然而，它也允许开采月球资源，如灰尘、水、稀土元素和其他材料)”可知，现有的协议虽然促进合作等，但也允许开采月球资源，可推知它在控制过度开采方面是不足的。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”、最后一段“The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
押题2
Mtrcyclists seeking t slidify their reputatin as risk-takers culd d wrse than (不妨做某事) bk a sessin n a Wall f Death. These are small circular veldrmes (圆形赛车场) where the track almst stands at an angle f 90° t Earth’s surface. What drives these brave suls up the wall is their speed. At arund 50 kph, the frces acting n them are strng enugh t cunterbalance gravity’s pull, and keep them pushed utward.
Nw a grup f scientists have tracked dwn ne mre need fr such equipment. In a paper in Ryal Sciety Open Science, they prpse that astrnauts living n NASA’s planned lunar base culd run n the track t prevent their bdies frm wasting away (变得消瘦、 衰弱) under the Mn’s reduced gravitatinal pull.
In lw-gravity envirnments, muscle decreases in strength, bne becmes easily brken and fitness and mtr abilities decline. Even exercise, made less effective by weightlessness, struggles t cunteract such effects. Albert Minetti frm the University f Milan wndered if running in a Wall f Death might prvide a wrkut capable f limiting the bdy’s decline. T test it he rented a 10-metre-wide Wall f Death and called in tw brave vlunteers.
His team tied the vlunteers, a man and a wman, t rpes hanging frm a crane (起重机) abve the track. The rpes relieved the vlunteers f five-sixths f their bdy weight, in effect mirrring the Mn’s gravity. After sme practice runds, the vlunteers culd run parallel t (与……平行) the grund at speeds averaging arund 20 kph, withut assistance.
Dr Minetti says such mtin can generate a frce n the bdy similar t the effect f gravity n Earth. Accrding t his calculatins, running this way may be enugh t battle the negative effects f lunar life. NASA may nt even need t find extra rm: he suggests that if the lunar shelters fr the Artemis Base Camp were built in a circular design, astrnauts culd simply g fr a jg arund the inside walls. In principle it is “nt a cmpletely crazy idea,” says Kevin Fng, a dctr and specialist in space medicine at University Cllege Lndn. But, he adds, the limited medical care available in space means he wuld be nervus abut astrnauts running at speed.
1．Why is a Wall f Death mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T highlight its great frces.B．T stress its tugh challenge.
C．T imply its anther gd use.D．T shw its glbal ppularity.
2．What was the purpse f Dr Minetti’s experiment?
A．T explre exercises fr astrnauts in space.B．T find appraches t cycling in a Wall f Death.
C．T assess the benefits f wrkuts n the Mn.D．T measure the impact f gravity n human health.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The methd used t create lunar gravity.B．The prcess fr selecting brave vlunteers.
C．The speed required fr the bdy’s mvement.D．The cperatin needed in lw-gravity cnditins.
4．What is Fng’s attitude twards Dr Minett’s suggestin?
A．He is ptimistic abut it.B．He des nt care abut it.
C．He is strngly ppsed t it.D．He des nt fully supprt it.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍“死亡之墙”这一独特的锻炼方式，探讨了其在月球低重力环境下帮助宇航员保持健康的可能性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Mtrcyclists seeking t slidify their reputatin as risk-takers culd d wrse than (不妨做某事) bk a sessin n a Wall f Death. These are small circular veldrmes (圆形赛车场) where the track almst stands at an angle f 90° t Earth’s surface. What drives these brave suls up the wall is their speed. At arund 50 kph, the frces acting n them are strng enugh t cunterbalance gravity’s pull, and keep them pushed utward.(摩托车手想要巩固他们作为冒险者的名声，不妨在“死亡之墙”上预定一场比赛。这些都是小型圆形赛车场，赛道几乎与地球表面成90度角。驱使这些勇敢的人爬上墙的是他们的速度。在大约50公里每小时的速度下，作用在它们身上的力足以抵消重力的拉力，并保持它们向外伸展)”和第二段“Nw a grup f scientists have tracked dwn ne mre need fr such equipment. In a paper in Ryal Sciety Open Science, they prpse that astrnauts living n NASA’ s planned lunar base culd run n the track t prevent their bdies frm wasting away (变得消瘦、 衰弱) under the Mn’s reduced gravitatinal pull.(现在，一组科学家已经找到了对这种设备的另一种需求。在《英国皇家学会开放科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们提出，生活在美国宇航局计划中的月球基地的宇航员可以在轨道上跑步，以防止他们的身体在月球引力减弱的情况下消瘦)”可推知，死亡之墙被提及是为了强调其作为一种极限运动的挑战性，并引出下文科学家对其新用途的研究。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“In lw-gravity envirnments, muscle decreases in strength, bne becmes easily brken and fitness and mtr abilities decline. Even exercise, made less effective by weightlessness, struggles t cunteract such effects. Albert Minetti frm the University f Milan wndered if running in a Wall f Death might prvide a wrkut capable f limiting the bdy’s decline. T test it he rented a 10-metre-wide Wall f Death and called in tw brave vlunteers.(在低重力环境下，肌肉力量下降，骨骼容易骨折，健康和运动能力下降。即使是由于失重而效果较差的运动，也难以抵消这种影响。米兰大学的Albert Minetti想知道，在死亡之墙中跑步是否可以提供一种能够限制身体衰退的锻炼。为了进行测试，他租了一个10米宽的死亡之墙，并召集了两名勇敢的志愿者)”可知，Minetti博士的实验目的是探索在低重力环境下宇航员可以进行的锻炼方式，以防止身体衰弱。故选A项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容“His team tied the vlunteers, a man and a wman, t rpes hanging frm a crane (起重机) abve the track. The rpes relieved the vlunteers f five-sixths f their bdy weight, in effect mirrring the Mn’s gravity. After sme practice runds, the vlunteers culd run parallel t(与……平行) the grund at speeds averaging arund 20 kph, withut assistance.(他的团队把志愿者（一男一女）绑在铁轨上方吊车上悬挂的绳子上。这些绳索减轻了志愿者六分之五的体重，实际上反映了月球的重力。经过几轮练习后，志愿者可以在没有辅助的情况下以平均20公里/小时的速度平行于地面跑步)”可知，第四段的主要讲的是实验中他们用来制造月球引力的方法。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“In principle it is “nt a cmpletely crazy idea,” says Kevin Fng, a dctr and specialist in space medicine at University Cllege Lndn. But, he adds, the limited medical care available in space means he wuld be nervus abut astrnauts running at speed.(原则上，这“并不是一个完全疯狂的想法，”伦敦大学学院的太空医学博士和专家Kevin Fng说。但是，他补充说，太空中有限的医疗保健意味着他会对宇航员的高速奔跑感到紧张)”可推知，Kevin Fng并不完全支持Dr Minetti的建议。故选D项。
九、教育类
押题1
At tp universities, there’s a phenmenn knwn as “Stanfrd Duck Syndrme (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear t mve gracefully (优雅地). Hwever, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately t keep up.
Experts frm Stanfrd’s Health Services uncvered this trubling trend: during the day, many Stanfrd students are seen scializing in cafés, seemingly withut any stress r the need t study. Hwever, at night, they start studying, smetimes fr the entire night, trying t maintain the image f effrtless success. This cmes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermre, it leads t a cmmn miscnceptin: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while thse wrking hard are less capable.
In an effrt t challenge this miscnceptin, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked t bserve a series f clrs carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity thrughut the prcess. The experiment was divided int tw parts: ne with easily distinguishable clrs and the ther with clrs that were quite similar, requiring mre effrt t differentiate. As the difficulty f the task increased, there was a nticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked t memry and abstract reasning.
The study reveals that as tasks require mre effrt, mre areas f the brain becme engaged. Grwth desn’t cme frm talent alne but frm the cnsistent applicatin f effrt. Our brain functins like a muscle. Withut effrt, even ur inbrn talents will fade ver time.
This pushes us t recnsider the underlying culture that might lead t this phenmenn. Instead f fcusing t much n utcmes r singing high praise fr inbrn talents, we shuld emphasize the learning prcess and cntinuus imprvement. By encuraging a culture that values effrt, we can help students realize that intelligence is nt fixed but grws thrugh hard wrk. Such a shift wuld nt nly reduce the pressures assciated with the “Stanfrd Duck Syndrme”, but als have a prfund impact n persnal develpment and the future f educatin.
1．What phenmenn des the “Stanfrd Duck Syndrme” prbably describe?
A．Priritizing effrt ver well-being.
B．Relieving stress thrugh scial activities.
C．Displaying graceful images t attract thers.
D．Hiding hard wrk t appear naturally gifted.
2．Hw des the experiment in paragraph 3 challenge the miscnceptin?
A．By shwing effrt fuels the brain activity.
B．By prving fcus enhances brain functin.
C．By linking clr recgnitin t intelligence.
D．By assciating careful bservatin with talent.
3．What is the authr’s main cncern abut “Stanfrd Duck Syndrme”?
A．It values the learning prcess ver utcmes.
B．It causes stress and false ideas abut success.
C．It prevents students frm recgnizing their talents.
D．It makes students priritize scializing ver studying.
4．Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A．Frtune favrs thse with a clear visin.
B．Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece.
C．Wrk in silence and let success make the nise.
D．Keep mving frward even when n ne sees it.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“斯坦福鸭子综合征”现象及其影响，并强调努力的重要性。
1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“At tp universities, there’s a phenmenn knwn as “Stanfrd Duck Syndrme (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear t mve gracefully (优雅地). Hwever, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately t keep up. (在顶尖大学中，有一种被称为“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的现象。就像鸭子一样，学生们表面上看起来行动优雅。然而，在水面之下，他们正拼命划水以跟上节奏。)”和第二段中“Experts frm Stanfrd’s Health Services uncvered this trubling trend: during the day, many Stanfrd students are seen scializing in cafés, seemingly withut any stress r the need t study. Hwever, at night, they start studying, smetimes fr the entire night, trying t maintain the image f effrtless success. (斯坦福大学健康服务的专家揭示了这一令人担忧的趋势：白天，许多斯坦福学生被看到在咖啡馆里社交，似乎没有任何压力或学习的需求。然而，到了晚上，他们开始学习，有时甚至通宵达旦，试图维持那种毫不费力的成功形象。)”可知，“斯坦福鸭子综合征”描述的是学生们表面上看起来轻松优雅，实际上却在背后拼命努力，以维持自己轻松成功的形象。即隐藏努力工作以显得天生聪明。故选D。
2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As the difficulty f the task increased, there was a nticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked t memry and abstract reasning. (随着任务难度的增加，大脑活动明显增加，特别是在与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域。)”和第四段中“The study reveals that as tasks require mre effrt, mre areas f the brain becme engaged. (这项研究表明，随着任务需要更多的努力，大脑更多的区域会变得活跃。)”可知，实验通过展示任务难度增加时，大脑活动特别是与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域活动明显增加，来挑战“天才轻松成功，努力者能力不足”的误解，证明了努力会激发大脑活动。故选A。
3．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“This cmes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermre, it leads t a cmmn miscnceptin: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while thse wrking hard are less capable. (这付出了高昂的代价：疲惫和焦虑普遍存在。此外，这还导致了一个常见的误解：真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而那些努力的人则能力较差。)”可知，作者对“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的主要担忧是它导致学生产生对成功的错误观念，即认为真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而努力工作的人则能力较差。故选B。
4．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Grwth desn’t cme frm talent alne but frm the cnsistent applicatin f effrt. Our brain functins like a muscle. Withut effrt, even ur inbrn talents will fade ver time. (成长不仅仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力。我们的大脑就像肌肉一样。如果不努力，即使我们天生的才能也会随着时间的推移而消退。)”和“By encuraging a culture that values effrt, we can help students realize that intelligence is nt fixed but grws thrugh hard wrk. (通过鼓励一种重视努力的文化，我们可以帮助学生认识到智力不是固定的，而是可以通过努力工作得到发展的。)”可知，作者认为成长不仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力，大脑就像肌肉一样，如果不努力，即使天生的才能也会随时间消退，鼓励重视努力的文化可以帮助学生意识到智力不是固定的，而是通过努力工作成长的。因此，作者可能会同意“汗水是书写杰作的墨水”这一观点，即努力是取得成功的关键。故选B。
押题2
It is widely believed that wrds f praise can greatly imprve relatinships. But researchers have als fund that they can be ineffective, even destructive. The result depends n whether they are believable, apprpriate and unqualified.
T begin with, gd praise must nt be in cnflict with its receiver’s self-cnceptin. If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtivatin, because there is barely any hair n my head. Mre generally, peple with lw self-respect dn’t usually receive praise well, prbably because it des nt ring true with their negative view f themselves, and s they discunt it. Other reasns why sme peple resist wrds f praise include a desire nt t appear superir.
Even if the praise agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, a study in 2022 cncluded that it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject: It must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
Cnsider, fr example, hw yu’d respnd t praise frm a salespersn yu have never met befre. Yu’d prbably find that kind f praise unbelievable, because the salespersn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and he is simply buttering yu up t make a sale.
Sme wrds f praise are nt just ineffective. They actually cause harm. My Harvard clleagues Alisn Wd Brks and Michael Nrtn have cnducted research int backhanded praise, which puts smene dwn by cmparing their gd quality with a negative standard. An example f destructive praise wuld be “Yu lk pretty gd fr a bald guy” — nt that I’m insecure r anything — because this sets such a lw ceiling n the praise.
Other ways t give negative praise include cmparisns with past failure (“This paper is certainly better than the last ne”), r with pr expectatins (“Yur wrk is better than I expected”). In their experiments, the authrs fund that the praisers thught these backhanded cmparisns were psitive, but bth recipients and third-party bservers disagreed.
1．Accrding t the text, what shuld we d befre we praise smene?
A．Analyze the listener.B．Find the sweetest wrds.
C．Appear t be superir.D．Change the self-cnceptin.
2．Which example mentined in the text fails t meet all the three criteria in the 2022 study?
A．The teacher’s surprise.B．The student’s revised paper.
C．The salespersn’s praise.D．Peple with lw self-respect.
3．Why des the authr respnd negatively t the praise in paragraph 5?
A．He has a lw self-respect.B．The standard is t lw.
C．He is a very mdest persn.D．There is little hair n his head.
4．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing the text?
A．T analyze the effects f prper praise.B．T tell the harm f uninvited praise.
C．T explain why wrds f praise wrk.D．T shw the pssible traps f praise.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述赞美需可信、恰当，否则无效或有害。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But researchers have als fund that they can be ineffective, even destructive. The result depends n whether they are believable, apprpriate and unqualified. (但研究人员也发现，它们可能是无效的，甚至是破坏性的。结果取决于他们是否可信、合适和不合格。)”及第二段“T begin with, gd praise must nt be in cnflict with its receiver’s self-cnceptin. (首先，好的赞美不能与接受者的自我概念相冲突。)”可知，在赞美他人前，需要了解对方的自我认知，如自尊水平、个人特点等，否则赞美可能无效甚至有害。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext. (它必须来自一个有信誉的人给予它，它必须是真诚的，它必须发生在适当的背景下。)”以及第四段“because the salespersn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and he is simply buttering yu up t make a sale. (因为销售人员并不了解你，无法判断你的真实品质，他只是在奉承你，以促成销售。)”可知，2022年研究的所有三个标准：可信度、真诚性、恰当语境。而并不熟识的销售人员给予赞美只是奉承，为的是促成销售，不符合这三个标准。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“My Harvard clleagues Alisn Wd Brks and Michael Nrtn have cnducted research int backhanded praise, which puts smene dwn by cmparing their gd quality with a negative standard. An example f destructive praise wuld be “Yu lk pretty gd fr a bald guy”—nt that I’m insecure r anything—because this sets such a lw ceiling n the praise. (我在哈佛的同事Alisn Wd Brks和Michael Nrtn进行了一项关于反讽式赞美的研究，即通过将某人的优秀品质与负面标准进行比较来贬低对方。破坏性赞美的一个例子是“你看起来很不错，不像个秃头”——不是说我没有安全感什么的——因为这给赞美设定了一个很低的上限。)”可知，作者反感这种赞美是因为其标准过低，隐含贬义。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“T begin with, gd praise must nt be in cnflict with its receiver’s self-cnceptin. (首先，好的赞美不能与接受者的自我概念相冲突。)”，第三段“It must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext. (它必须来自一个有信誉的人，它必须是真诚的，它必须发生在适当的背景下。)”，第五段“Sme wrds f praise are nt just ineffective. They actually cause harm. (有些赞美之词不仅仅是无效的。它们实际上会造成伤害。)”以及最后一段“Other ways t give negative praise include cmparisns with past failure (“This paper is certainly better than the last ne”), r with pr expectatins (“Yur wrk is better than I expected”). (其他消极表扬的方式包括与过去的失败进行比较（“这篇论文肯定比上一篇好”），或者期望不高（“你的工作比我预期的要好”）。)”可知，全文通过分析赞美的有效性和潜在危害，揭示赞美的陷阱。即本文的主要目的是表明赞美可能存在的陷阱。故选D。
十、语言研究类
押题1
It’s a classic cmplaint in relatinships, especially rmantic nes: “She said she was kay with me frgetting her birthday! Then why is she thrwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the tw things related? ”
The answer is YES. Cmmunicatin is mre than wrds. It’s hw thse wrds are said, the tne, the rder, even the chice f a particular wrd. It’s multi-dimensinal, as explred by Deirdre Wilsn and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Cnsider the fllwing example: Peter gt angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter gt angry. Thugh identical in wrds, their meanings differ cmpletely. The first ne may have us thinking: Ww, Peter must get angry ften if Mary leaves. The secnd sentence suggests that Peter wants mre frm Mary. Same wrds — a ttally different cntext.
Human language is nt a cde (编码). True cdes have a ne-t-ne relatinship with meaning. One sund, ne definitin. This is what we see with animals. Wilsn and Sperber explain that “cded cmmunicatin wrks best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same cde. ” Nt s fr humans. We cmmunicate mre than the definitins f ur wrds wuld suggest. This is inferential cmmunicatin, and it means that we understand nt nly the wrds spken, but the cntext in which they are spken. .
Irny (反语) is a great example f hw pwerfully we can cmmunicate cntext with a few simple wrds. It is mre than just stating the ppsite. Fr example, when Mary says, after a bring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nr saying “irnically” that the party was bring. Rather, she is expressing an emtin. Three wrds replace paragraphs, shwcasing language’s efficiency.
Wilsn and Sperber cncluded that human language develped and became s pwerful because f tw unique abilities f humans: language and the pwer t try t interpret mental states f thers. We lk fr cntext fr the wrds we hear. And we shuld be very gd at absrbing this cntext t infer meaning.
1．What des the cmplaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate?
A．The incnsistence between wrds and meaning.B．The imprtance f remembering vital mments.
C．The necessity f straightfrward cmmunicatin.D．The unavidability f argument in a cuple's life.
2．What may make human language different frm true cdes?
A．The cntext included in understanding meanings.
B．The definitins made by wrds in cmmunicatin.
C．The cded cmmunicatin between emitter and receiver.
D．The ne-t-ne relatinship between wrd and meaning.
3．Hw des Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate abut irny?
A．It simplifies language t save time.B．It cvers the true feelings f peple.
C．It needs wrdy explanatins t make sense.D．It uses fewer wrds fr cmplex meanings.
4．What des the authr suggest in cmmunicatin?
A．Fcusing n the ppsite.B．Taking language literally.
C．Reading beynd the wrds.D．Aviding using irnic tnes.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“She said she was kay with me frgetting her birthday! Then why is she thrwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the tw things related?(她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Cmmunicatin is mre than wrds. It’s hw thse wrds are said, the tne, the rder, even the chice f a particular wrd.(交流不仅仅是言语。还包括这些话是怎么说的，语气，顺序，甚至是某个特定单词的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Human language is nt a cde (编码). True cdes have a ne-t-ne relatinship with meaning. One sund, ne definitin. This is what we see with animals. Wilsn and Sperber explain that “cded cmmunicatin wrks best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same cde. ” Nt s fr humans. We cmmunicate mre than the definitins f ur wrds wuld suggest. This is inferential cmmunicatin, and it means that we understand nt nly the wrds spken, but the cntext in which they are spken.(人类语言不是一种编码。真正的编码与意义有着一一对应的关系。一种声音，一种定义。这就是我们在动物身上看到的情况。威尔逊和斯珀伯解释说：“当发出者和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳。”人类则不是这样。我们交流的内容比我们所说的单词的定义要多。这是一种推理交流，这意味着我们不仅理解所说的单词，而且理解它们所使用的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Irny (反语) is a great example f hw pwerfully we can cmmunicate cntext with a few simple wrds. It is mre than just stating the ppsite. Fr example, when Mary says, after a bring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nr saying “irnically” that the party was bring. Rather, she is expressing an emtin. Three wrds replace paragraphs, shwcasing language’s efficiency.(反语是一个很好的例子，说明我们如何用几个简单的词来有力地传达语境。它不仅仅是陈述相反的意思。例如，当玛丽在一个无聊的聚会后说“那很有趣”时，她既不是说聚会真的很有趣，也不是“讽刺地”说聚会很无聊。相反，她在表达一种情感。三个字代替了段落，展示了语言的效率)”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wilsn and Sperber cncluded that human language develped and became s pwerful because f tw unique abilities f humans: language and the pwer t try t interpret mental states f thers. We lk fr cntext fr the wrds we hear. And we shuld be very gd at absrbing this cntext t infer meaning.(威尔逊和斯珀伯得出结论，人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类有两种独特的能力：语言能力和试图解读他人心理状态的能力。我们为听到的单词寻找语境。我们应该非常善于吸收这种语境来推断意义)” 可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。故选C。
押题2
An rganizatin called Ulum Dalska, lcated in a small Swedish twn called Älvdalen, is n a missin. Fr decades, members have been wrking hard t help save a language called Elfdalian, the remains f Old Nrse.
Elfdalian, which press secretary Björn Rehnström said was hit by the ppularity f Swedish abut 100 years ag, sunds nthing like the cuntry’s natinal language — Swedish. At that pint, Elfdalian became stigmatized.
Ulla Schütt, a Ulum Dalska member, saw the impact first-hand while grwing up in Älvdalen. “My parents spke Elfdalian with everyne else arund,” Schütt said. “But when they turned t me, they spke Swedish.” That’s what was spken in schls. Students were even discuraged frm speaking Elfdalian in the classrm.
Nw, there’re nly abut 2,500 speakers left. But peple are getting creative in the fight t change that trend. The language is getting a bst n Minecraft. Musicians are releasing new sngs with Elfdalian lyrics (歌词). Several children’s bks were als translated int Elfdalian. Additinally, Rehnström helps run a ppular nline grup that ffers curses in the Elfdalian language, where he psts lessns t the grup’s 1,800 glbal members.
The lcal gvernment supprts the teaching and preservatin f Elfdalian. The language is als recgnized n an internatinal level. In 2016, it was assigned an ISO language cde, which helps the Internet distinguish ne language frm anther.
But the natinal gvernment f Sweden is a different stry. They currently cnsider Elfdalian a dialect f Swedish, nt its wn language. Speaking in Elfdalian, Swedish MP Peter Helander recently asked Parliament (国会)why that’s the case. But befre Culture Minister Amanda Lind culd answer the questin, the parliamentary speaker Luca interrupted them bth t say that nly Swedish may be spken.
Schütt said every time a language dies — which sme research suggests is as ften as nce every tw weeks — it is a sad mment. T her, lsing Elfdalian wuld be an especially tragic lss. Getting Elfdalian recgnized as a language by the Swedish gvernment, she added, is key t making sure that it desn’t disappear.
1．What is the task f Ulum Dalska?
A．T prmte a small Swedish twn.B．T prtect an endangered language.
C．T figure ut the remains f Old Nrse.D．T teach twn residents a new language.
2．What des the underlined wrd “stigmatized” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Celebrated.B．Disrespected.C．Dcumented.D．Rerganized.
3．What attitude des Rehnström prbably hld twards Elfdalian?
A．Favrable.B．Tlerant.C．Objective.D．Dismissive.
4．What des Schütt think is essential t the prtectin f Elfdalian?
A．Releasing mre sngs in Elfdalian.B．Getting internatinal recgnitin.
C．Setting up nline language grups.D．Seeking the natinal gvernment’s supprt.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Ulum Dalska组织为保护濒危语言Elfdalian语所做出的多种努力和面临的挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“An rganizatin called Ulum Dalska, lcated in a small Swedish twn called Älvdalen, is n a missin. Fr decades, members have been wrking hard t help save a language called Elfdalian, the remains f Old Nrse.(位于瑞典一个名为Älvdalen的小城的名为Ulum Dalska的组织正在履行一项使命。几十年来，该组织的成员一直努力致力于拯救一种名为Elfdalian的语言，这是一种古诺尔斯语的遗存形式。)”可知，该组织的主要任务是保护濒危语言。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Elfdalian, which press secretary Björn Rehnström said was hit by the ppularity f Swedish abut 100 years ag, sunds nthing like the cuntry’s natinal language — Swedish. At that pint, Elfdalian became stigmatized.(Elfdalian，正如新闻发言人比约恩·雷恩斯特罗姆所说，大约在100年前因瑞典语的流行而受到冲击，听起来完全不像这个国家的官方语言——瑞典语。在这一点上，Elfdalian……。)”可知，瑞典语流行后，Elfdalian很可能会被认为是一种“被歧视”或“不被尊重”的语言，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“被歧视”或“不被尊重”意义相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Additinally, Rehnström helps run a ppular nline grup that ffers curses in the Elfdalian language, where he psts lessns t the grup’s 1,800 glbal members.(此外，Rehnström还协助运营一个受欢迎的在线小组，该小组提供Elfdalian语言课程，他会向小组的1800名全球成员发布课程内容。)”可知，Rehnström帮助运行一个受欢迎的在线小组，提供Elfdalian语言课程，并向全球成员发布课程内容，由此可知，他对Elfdalian持支持和积极态度。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Getting Elfdalian recgnized as a language by the Swedish gvernment, she added, is key t making sure that it desn’t disappear.(她补充道，让瑞典政府承认Elfdalian是一种语言，是确保它不会消失的关键。)”可知，她认为获得国家政府的支持至关重要。故选D项。
猜押考点
3年真题
词数
话题
考情分析
押题依据
阅读理解说明文
2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读CD篇
C：351
D：370
C篇纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果；D篇数字生物多样性记录存在偏见
2024年新高考阅读理解说明文特点。
英语阅读理解试题总是在CD篇设置思维能力较强的自然科学和社会科学方面的文章，试题循着“了解现状—聚焦问题—分析原因—提出建议”的逻辑进行设计，考查学生对每个环节关键内容的准确理解，引导学生培养科学探究精神，提升发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一代青年学子独立思考、理性判断的教育导向。
高考说明文体裁的阅读材料通常多为科普读物(包括介绍最新科技、重大成就等)、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等等。说明文的总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。
2024年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇
C：268
D：319
C篇介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势；D篇介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书
2023年新高考I卷阅读CD篇
C：318
D：337
C篇倡导简单的数字生活方式；D篇“群体智慧”效应
2023年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇
C：326
D：318
C篇介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义；D篇保护城市中的野生自然
2022年新高考I卷阅读BCD篇
B：339
C：293
D：335
B篇常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力；C篇改善老年人的健康状况的项目；D篇饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音
2022年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇
C：282
D：348
C篇开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题；D篇锻炼对于心脏的好处
一、原理和效应类
二、人工智能类
三、环境保护类
四、社会生活类
五、科普、研究报告类
六、体育与健康类
七、发明与创造类
八、宇宙探索类
九、教育类
十、语言研究类
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
316
“口红效应”以及引起“口红效应”的心理动机
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
319
曝光效应
说明文
细节理解、推理判断。
原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
346
Zeigarnik效应
说明文
细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测。
原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
340
本·富兰克林效应
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
336
人工智能对我们生活的改变以及引发的道德困境
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
317
介绍了AI与中医结合的项目及其发展情况与前景
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。
人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
281
介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测。
人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
328
人工智能在课堂教学中的应用
说明文
细节理解、推理判断。
人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
267
介绍为了减少塑料人们所采取的行动
说明文
细节理解。
环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
364
囊地鼠通过挖掘富含细菌和真菌的旧土壤并将其带至地表以助力生态恢复，其对生态系统恢复产生了长期的积极影响
说明文
细节理解。
环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
333
微塑料在食物链中的生物累积问题及其对海洋生态系统和人类健康的潜在威胁
说明文
推理判断、词义猜测。
环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
342
吹嘘自己压力水平的人被同事视为能力较差，也不太讨人喜欢
说明文
细节理解、词义猜测。
社会生活类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类日常生活中的各种话题。这类文章旨在考察考生对社会问题的理解、分析和批判性思维能力。随着全球化的发展，社会生活中的跨文化差异、科技进步对社会的影响、心理健康等问题成为热门话题。因此，社会生活类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
331
人们对数码生活越来越失去控制以及数字极简主义这个概念
说明文
细节理解推理判断。
社会生活类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类日常生活中的各种话题。这类文章旨在考察考生对社会问题的理解、分析和批判性思维能力。随着全球化的发展，社会生活中的跨文化差异、科技进步对社会的影响、心理健康等问题成为热门话题。因此，社会生活类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
344
成长型思维对个人成功的益处
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。
科普类阅读理解说明文旨在向读者普及科学知识，内容涵盖自然科学、技术、医学、环境科学等多个领域。这类文章通常以简洁明了的语言解释复杂的科学概念，帮助读者理解科学现象及其背后的原理。随着科技的快速发展，科普类文章在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
340
音乐与情感、记忆的联系及相关实验和发现
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词句猜测。
科普类阅读理解说明文旨在向读者普及科学知识，内容涵盖自然科学、技术、医学、环境科学等多个领域。这类文章通常以简洁明了的语言解释复杂的科学概念，帮助读者理解科学现象及其背后的原理。随着科技的快速发展，科普类文章在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
339
爱好对个人生活和健康的益处
说明文
主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测。
体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
375
通过体育锻炼改善了自己的身体健康，强调了运动带来的好处
说明文
主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测。
体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
339
人们为何偏爱这些不健康的食物
说明文
主旨大意、推理判断、细节理解。
体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
337
在周末安排相应的运动锻炼同样具有好处
说明文
主旨大意、推理判断、细节理解。
体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
376
一种用粗棉布制作过滤器来收集树袋熊栖息环境中的DNA的新方法，以帮助更高效地追踪这些难以发现的动物
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
发明与创造类阅读理解文章主要围绕科技创新、发明创造、技术突破及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及科技知识，帮助读者理解发明创造的过程、原理及其对人类社会的重要意义。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
307
发散联想任务的方法可以激发创造力，解释了研究的开展过程以及发现
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
发明与创造类阅读理解文章主要围绕科技创新、发明创造、技术突破及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及科技知识，帮助读者理解发明创造的过程、原理及其对人类社会的重要意义。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
391
私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
宇宙探索类说明文主要围绕天文学、航天技术、宇宙现象及其对人类的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及宇宙探索知识，帮助读者理解宇宙的奥秘、航天技术的发展及其对科学和社会的意义。随着航天技术的不断进步，宇宙探索类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
376
在月球低重力环境下帮助宇航员保持健康的可能性
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。
宇宙探索类说明文主要围绕天文学、航天技术、宇宙现象及其对人类的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及宇宙探索知识，帮助读者理解宇宙的奥秘、航天技术的发展及其对科学和社会的意义。随着航天技术的不断进步，宇宙探索类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
324
“斯坦福鸭子综合征”现象及其影响，并强调努力的重要性
说明文
细节理解、推理判断。
教育类说明文主要围绕教育体系、教学方法、学习策略、教育改革及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及教育知识，帮助读者理解教育的重要性、教育方法的多样性以及教育改革的必要性。随着教育理念的不断更新和教育技术的快速发展，教育类话题在考试中越来越受到重视。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
341
赞美需可信、恰当，否则无效或有害
说明文
细节理解、推理判断。
教育类说明文主要围绕教育体系、教学方法、学习策略、教育改革及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及教育知识，帮助读者理解教育的重要性、教育方法的多样性以及教育改革的必要性。随着教育理念的不断更新和教育技术的快速发展，教育类话题在考试中越来越受到重视。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
341
人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用
说明文
细节理解、推理判断。
语言研究类说明文主要围绕语言学理论、语言现象、语言习得、语言与文化的关系等展开。这类文章旨在普及语言学知识，帮助读者理解语言的本质、语言的使用及其在社会和文化中的作用。随着全球化的发展和多语言的普及，语言研究类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
345
Ulum Dalska组织为保护濒危语言Elfdalian语所做出的多种努力和面临的挑战
说明文
细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。
语言研究类说明文主要围绕语言学理论、语言现象、语言习得、语言与文化的关系等展开。这类文章旨在普及语言学知识，帮助读者理解语言的本质、语言的使用及其在社会和文化中的作用。随着全球化的发展和多语言的普及，语言研究类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型之一。