所属成套资源:2026中考英语一轮总复习讲通练透(全国通用)
动词(讲义)-2026中考英语一轮总复习讲通练透(全国通用)
展开 这是一份动词(讲义)-2026中考英语一轮总复习讲通练透(全国通用),文件包含广东广州市2026届普通高中毕业班综合测试二数学试题解析版docx、广东广州市2026届高三毕业生二模数学试题docx、广州市二模答案docx等3份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共36页, 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分、及物动词和不及物动词
考点一:及物动词
1、及物动词的概念:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词,“动宾不分家”
例句:She buys a bk.(buys 是及物动词,a bk 是宾语,句意完整。)
及物动词的常见用法:
(1)接名词/代词作宾语:He visited Beijing.(visited+名词Beijing)
(2)接双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):She gave me a pen.(me间接宾语,a pen直接宾语)
(3)接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语):We call her Lily.(her是宾语,Lily是宾语补足语)
3、常见的及物动及例句:
buy 例句:She buys a new schlbag every term.(她每学期买一个新书包。)
give例句: My teacher gives me a lt f help.(我的老师给我很多帮助。)
visit 例句:We will visit the museum tmrrw.(我们明天要参观博物馆。)
call 例句:They call their dg Lucky.(他们叫他们的狗幸运。)
teach 例句: Mr. Li teaches us English.(李老师教我们英语。)
shw例句: Can yu shw me yur new phne?(你能给我看看你的新手机吗?)
tell 例句: She tells me a funny stry every night.(她每晚给我讲一个有趣的故事。)
make例句: My mm makes delicius cakes.(我妈妈做美味的蛋糕。)
考点二:不及物动词
概念:本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词。关键特征“独来独往”。单独表达含义完整,可以加宾语,也可以不加宾语。加宾语时,则需要加上相应的介词。
例如:She smiled.(她笑了)。She lives in Shanghai.(加介词in,再接地点Shanghai)。
常见短语:Listen t me.(听我说) laugh at...嘲笑... talk abut sth.谈论某事
常见用法:
(1)单独作谓语:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
(2)加介词后接名词(非宾语,是介词宾语):They arrived at the statin.(arrived+介词at+statin,不能说arrived the statin。)
【随堂练习】单项选择
1.—If we ________ her painting with his, yu will find hers is much better.
—Yu are right.
A.perfrmB.remindC.cmpareD.cver
【答案】C
2.They will ________ Shanghai in an hur.
A.arrive atB.get inC.reach tD.reach
【答案】D
3.AI technlgy has wn high praise because it can ________ mre pprtunities t peple.
A.fferB.prepareC.cstD.prtect
【答案】A
4.After the earthquake, the gvernment tried t ________ fd and fresh water t peple in need.
A.fferB.imprveC.findD.prvide
【答案】A
5.Please knck at the dr befre ________ the teachers’ ffice.
A.enterB.enter intC.enteringD.entering int
【答案】C
6.Students shuld pay attentin t ________ the teacher in class.
A.listeningB.listening tC.listenD.listen t
【答案】B
7.Yu can ________ each ther, but yu cannt ________ each ther in class.
A.help; chat withB.help with; chat with
C.help; chatD.help with; chat
【答案】A
8.The price f the cttn has ______ a lt s that the factries plan t ________ the price f their cttn clthes.
A.raised; raiseB.risen; raiseC.raised; rise
【答案】B
第二部分、系动词
考点一:系动词的概念和分类
系动词的定义:表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,不能单独做谓语,说明主语的身份,特征或状态,相当于桥梁。
系动词的分类:
表示“是”的动词be,be动词有:am/is/are/was/were
例句:She is a student.她是个学生(表身份);The rm was clean.这个房间很干净(表状态)
(2)感官系动词(看/听/闻/尝/摸):lk(看起来)、sund(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来/感觉)
例句:The flwer smells nice.这个花闻起来很好。This shirt feels sft.这个衬衫摸起来很柔软。
(3)状态变化系动词:becme(变得)、get(变得)、turn(变得,表颜色/性质)、keep(保持)
例句:He becmes quiet.他变得很安静。The leaves turn yellw.树叶变黄了。
【随堂练习】单词拼写
1.Jack and Jim at schl.(用be的正确形式填空)
【答案】are
2.They drivers.(用be的正确形式填空)
【答案】are
3.She (v. 听起来好像;听起来) very cnfident when she presented her prject.
【答案】sunded
4.The flwers in the garden s (闻) sweet n warm afternns.
【答案】(s)mell
第三部分、助动词
考点一:助动词的定义和用法
1、助动词的定义:本身无实际意义,不能单独作谓语,需配合“实义动词/系动词”,帮助构成时态、语态、疑问/否定句。
2、助动词的四大分类及用法:
【基础演练】单项选择
1.—________ yu have?
—I have a new bike.
A.What dB.Hw dC.What areD.Hw are
【答案】A
2.—Tim, what a big and happy family yu have! What ________ yur family like?
—We ________ like travelling and we g travelling twice a year
A.is; bthB.are; bthC.d; allD.des; all
【答案】C
3.—________ Tm in the Rbt Club this term?
—Yes, but he ________ g there very ften.
A.Des; desn’tB.Des; isn’tC.Is; desn’tD.Is; des
【答案】C
4.The chairpersn warned that we ________ achieve ur dreams if we didn’t wrk hard.
A.willB.wn’tC.wuldD.wuldn’t
【答案】D
5.— _________ we g at 10:00?
—What abut _________ it a little earlier?
A.Shall; makingB.Shall; t makeC.Will; making
【答案】A
二、完成句子
6.The girl has finished her hmewrk. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— the girl her hmewrk?
—N, .
【答案】 Has finished she hasn’t
7.Mr. Lake lent his new camera t his best friend last weekend. (改为否定句)
Mr. Lake his new camera t his best friend last weekend.
【答案】 didn’t lend
8.The scientists have just published their grundbreaking findings in a jurnal. (改为一般疑问句)
the scientists published their grundbreaking findings in a jurnal ?
【答案】 Have yet
9.Linda’s father is washing her car nw. (改为否定句)
Linda’s father her car nw.
【答案】 isn’t washing
第四部分、情态动词
考点一:情态动词的特征和用法。
1、情态动词的定义: 本身具有一定意义(表能力,许可,推测等)。不能单独作谓语,需要加动词原形,无人称和数的变化。无被动语态,疑问句和否定句中,不用助动词。
2、高频情态动词的分类和用法:
【基础练习】单项选择
1.Rainfrests are the lungs f the earth. They ________ make the air fresher.
A.canB.mustC.need
【答案】A
2.— Is that wman in the lab Ms Jnes?
— N. It ________ be her. She has gne t the museum.
A.can’tB.canC.mustn’t
【答案】A
3.—Culd yu make paper-cuts when yu were five years ld?
—N, I ________. I learned it in primary schl.
A.can’tB.culdn’tC.shuldn’t
【答案】B
4.—________ yu please sweep the flr nw?
—Srry, I ________. I have t d my hmewrk.
A.Shuld; can’tB.Culd; canC.Culd; can’tD.Can; culdn’t
【答案】C
5.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, s he ______ yur lecture.
A.culdn’t have attendedB.needn’t have attended
C.mustn’t have attendedD.shuldn’t have attended
【答案】A
6.—________ I call yu this evening?
—Sure. I ________ be free after 7 ’clck, s feel free t call me then.
A.Must; mustB.Shuld; canC.May; canD.Need; shuld
【答案】C
7.Write dwn what yu see and hw yu feel during the trip, r yu ________ frget sme f them easily.
A.mustB.canC.mayD.shuld
【答案】C
8.May all yur wishes _________ true.
A.cmeB.cmesC.t cmeD.cming
【答案】A
9.—Where’s Jeff?
—I’m nt sure. He ________ be playing basketball n the playgrund.
A.needB.mightC.must
【答案】B
10.Yu ________ use mbile phnes during the exam. It’s against the rules.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.culdn’tD.wuldn’t
【答案】A
11.—Culd yu tell me hw much yu make an hur?
—If yu ________ knw, I make $20.00 an hur.
A.willB.shallC.mustD.need
【答案】C
12.—Many peple prefer playing mbile phnes all day t ________ bks.
—That’s t bad. Everyne ________ be a bk lver. Reading is mre enjyable.
A.reading ; shuldB.playing; shuldC.play; must
【答案】A
13.—Why is Daniel s happy tday?
—He ______ win the writing cmpetitin. Lk at the prize in his hand.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.shuld
【答案】C
14.—Keep yur desk clean.
—OK, ________. Thanks.
A.I dB.I willC.I can
【答案】B
15.Yu ________ play ftball in the street. It’s dangerus.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.wuldn’tD.culdn’t
【答案】A
16.—Wuld yu mind taking the undergrund t the theatre tnight?
—________. It will take less time than by car.
A.Of curse ntB.CertainlyC.Yu’re welcmeD.Yu’d better nt
【答案】A
17.Nwadays, peple in China ________ have t take t much cash with them when shpping because they ften use Alipay r WeChat pay.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.shuldn’tD.dn’t
【答案】D
18.If yu have truble, yu ________ ask the plice fr help.
A.ught tB.wuldC.must
【答案】A
二、单词拼写
19.Can we a trip t America this mnth?
【答案】affrd
20.—Need I bring my histry textbk t class tmrrw? (情态动词填空)
—Yes, yu . We’ll learn a new lessn.
【答案】must
21.Yu be careful when yu crss the rad.
【答案】shuld/must
22.The bk be Tm’s. Lk! His name is n it.
【答案】must
23.We shuld be quiet in the library, and we (shuld) eat fd there.
【答案】shuldn’t
24. yu play games with us? (用适当的情态动词填空)
【答案】Can/Culd/Will
第五部分、使役动词
考点一:使役动词的用法和分类。
核心定义:表“使、让、叫”,促使宾语做动作或处于某种状态,初中高频共4个:make, let, have, get,前三者为“直接使役”,get为“间接使役”(需借助介词/不定式)。
使役动词的分类和用法:
【基础练习】单项选择
1.Dancing t music in a square makes peple ________ happy and gives them ________ fun.
A.feel; muchB.t feel; manyC.feel; a ltD.t feel; lts f
【答案】A
2.That’s the bell. Let’s ________ t class.
A.gB.t gC.ging
【答案】A
3.The experienced paper-cutting artist asked the beginners ________ carelessly and had them ________ every step slwly.
A.nt cutting; t fllwB.nt cut; fllwing
C.nt t cut; fllwD.nt t cut; t fllw
【答案】C
4.I’ll get my hair ________ tmrrw.
A.t cutB.cutC.cuttingD.cuts
【答案】B
分类
用法
例句
be动词
构成进行时(be+ding)
She is reading.(现在进行时)
构成被动语态(be+dne)
The letter was written.(过去被动语态)
d/des/did
构成一般现在/过去时的否定句(dn’t/desn’t/didn’t+动词原形)
He desn’t like cffee.(否定句)
构成一般疑问句(句首+D/Des/Did)
Did yu g yesterday?(疑问句)
have/has/had
构成完成时(have/has+dne;had+dne)
We have finished hmewrk.(现在完成时);They had left.(过去完成时)
will/shall
构成一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形,shall多用于第一人称I/we)
He will cme tmrrw.;We shall start nw.
分类
含义
用法
例句
can/culd
能力、许可、请求、可能性
表能力:意为 “能,会”,culd 是 can 的过去式,表过去的能力。
I can speak English.(现在能力);He culd ride a bike at 5.(过去能力)
表许可 / 请求:can 用于现在时,culd 语气更委婉(不表过去),回答时用 can/can't。
Culd I brrw yur pen?(请求);Yu can g nw.(许可)
表可能性:常用于否定句和疑问句,肯定句中表 “理论上的可能性”。
It can't be true.(否定推测);Can he be at hme?(疑问推测)
may / might
许可、请求、推测(可能性比 can 低)。
表许可 / 请求:may 语气比 can 更正式,might 更委婉,否定回答用can't或mustn't(表 “禁止”)。
May I cme in? → Yes, yu may. / N, yu can't.
表推测:常用于肯定句,意为 “可能,也许”,might 表推测时可能性比 may 更小。
He may be late fr class.(现在推测);It might rain tmrrw.(将来推测)
must / have t
必须、义务、推测(肯定语气最强)。
表 “必须”:must 强调说话人的主观意愿;have t 强调客观需要(有人称、时态变化)。
Yu must finish yur hmewrk first.(主观要求);It's raining, I have t take an umbrella.(客观需要)
表推测:仅用于肯定句,意为 “一定,肯定”,语气最强。
He must be ill. He lks s pale.
否定式区别:mustn't 意为 “禁止,不许”;dn't have t 意为 “不必”(= needn't)。
Yu mustn't smke here.(禁止吸烟);Yu dn't have t cme early.(不必早来)
need
需要、必要。
情态动词用法:仅用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形,否定式为needn't(不必)。
例:Need I hand in the paper tday? → N, yu needn't.
实义动词用法:可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,后接t d,否定式为dn't/desn't need t d。
例:I need t buy a new bk.(肯定句);He desn't need t wait fr me.(否定句)
shuld / ught t
应该、建议、责任义务。
表建议或义务:shuld 语气较委婉,ught t 语气稍强,两者含义相近,ught t 后需接t d。
例:Yu shuld listen t yur parents.;We ught t help each ther.
表推测:意为 “应该会,想必”,指有依据的合理推测。
例:They shuld be hme by nw.(按常理推测他们该到家了)
分类
含义
常用结构
注意点
例句
make
使;迫使(语气强,带“强制”
make + 宾 + 动词原形(让某人做) 2. make + 宾 + 形容词(使某人/物处于某种状态)
被动语态需加t(be made t d)
She makes me laugh.(让我笑)
2. The stry makes her sad.(让她难过) 被动:I am made t laugh.
let
让;允许(语气弱,表“许可”)
let + 宾 + 动词原形(允许某人做)
1. 无被动语态 2. 不可接“宾+形容词”
My dad lets me play games.(允许我玩游戏)
错误用法:Let it clean.(应用make it clean)
have
使;让(语气中性,日常口语)
1. have + 宾 + 动词原形(让某人做,主语可参与) 2. have + 宾 + 过去分词(让某事被做,主语不亲自做)
无被动语态,“被做”用过去分词
I have him help me.(让他帮我)
2. She has her hair cut.(让头发被剪=剪头发)
get
使;说服(间接使役,表“设法让”,需借助t/过去分词)
1. get + 宾 + t + 动词原形(说服某人做,比have委婉) 2. get + 宾 + 过去分词(让某事被做,强调“设法完成”)
不可直接接动词原形,必须加t
1. I get her t help me.(说服她帮我) 2. He gets his bike repaired.(让自行车被修=修自行车)
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