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句子的种类(讲义)-2026中考英语一轮总复习讲通练透(全国通用)
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这是一份句子的种类(讲义)-2026中考英语一轮总复习讲通练透(全国通用),共10页。试卷主要包含了陈述句的含义,一般疑问句的分类和用法,反义疑问句的常见结构等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第一部分、陈述句
考点:陈述句的含义和用法
1、陈述句的含义:用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子,有肯定形式和否定形式。
【基础练习】
一、完成句子
1.Tina and her friends set up a camp in the park. (改为否定句)
Tina and her friends up a camp in the park.
【答案】 didn’t set
2.knw, des, playing, anything, nt, he, chess, abut (.)
【答案】He des nt knw anything abut playing chess.
3.Class 1, is, in, My brther, Grade 8,
.
【答案】My brther is in Class 1, Grade 8.
4.big, frm, very, He, a, is, city
.
【答案】He is frm a very big city.
5.My sister, five years ld, is
.
【答案】My sister is five years ld
6.seventy-tw years ld, is, My grandpa
.
【答案】My grandpa is seventy-tw years ld
7.My friend Wayne wanted t eat smething healthy when he was hungry. (改为否定句)
My friend Wayne want t eat healthy when he was hungry.
【答案】 didn’t anything
8.Li Lin has already dne the cleaning. (否定句)
Li Lin dne the cleaning .
【答案】 hasn’t yet
9.thank-yu, wrte, I, my teacher, card, a (连词成句)
【答案】I wrte a thank-yu card t my teacher.
第二部分、疑问句
考点一:一般疑问句
一般疑问句:用来询问事物或某种情况属实的疑问句,可以用yes或n来回答。
2、一般疑问句的分类和用法
【随堂练习】
一、单项选择
1.—________ yu and Tm free this afternn?
—N, we ________.
A.D; dn’tB.Are; dn’tC.Are; aren’tD.D; aren’t
【答案】C
2.—Des yur brther ________ the vilin very well?
—Yes. He ________ the vilin after schl every day.
A.play; playsB.plays; playsC.plays; playD.play; play
【答案】A
二、完成句子
3.Ella’s cat is n the bed.(改为一般疑问句)
cat n the bed?
【答案】 Is Ella’s
4.Danny had a delicius meal with his friends by the river. (改为一般疑问句)
Danny a delicius meal with his friends by the river?
【答案】 Did have
5.He has t srt his things int thse bxes first. (改为一般疑问句)
he t srt his things int thse bxes first?
【答案】 Des have
6.Tm shut the dr quietly as sn as he heard his mther’s ftsteps. (改为一般疑问句)
Tm the dr quietly as sn as he heard his mther’s ftsteps?
【答案】 Did shut
7.Is this a sheep?(做肯定回答)
Yes, .
【答案】 it is
8.The nurse des all the husewrk in my hme every day. (改为一般疑问句)
the nurse all the husewrk in yur hme every day?
【答案】 Des d
考点二:特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句:以由意义的疑问词开头的问句叫特殊疑问句,基本结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。
特殊疑问句的基本结构:
(1)特殊疑问词 + be动词(am/is/are/was/were) + 主语 + ...?
例句:Where is the park?(公园在哪?)
(2)特殊疑问词 + 助动词(d/des/did) + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
例句:What des he like?(他喜欢什么?)
(3)特殊疑问词(作主语) + 谓语动词 + ...?
例句:Wh sang this sng?(谁唱了这首歌?)
常见的特殊疑问词的用法:
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1._______ d yu spend ding yur hmewrk every day?
A.Hw ftenB.Hw muchC.Hw lngD.What time
【答案】C
2.—________ d yu visit yur grandparents?
—Only nce every tw weeks. They live far away.
A.Hw lngB.WhenC.WhereD.Hw ften
【答案】D
3.Why nt ______ the rbtics club? It’s s much fun.
A.jiningB.t jinC.jinD.jin in
【答案】C
4.—________ bys are there in the English club?
—There’re 21 bys.
A.Hw muchB.WhatC.Hw manyD.When
【答案】C
二、完成句子
5.My name is Jenny Brwn. (对划线部分提问)
name?
【答案】 What’s yur
6.My brthers lve t g swimming at weekends.(对划线部分提问)
yur brthers lve t d at weekends?
【答案】 What d
7.He has fifteen cws n his farm. (对划线部分提问)
cws des he have n his farm?
【答案】 Hw many
8.She decided t drive an electric car t g green.(对划线部分提问)
she decide t drive an electric car?
【答案】 Why did
考点三:反义疑问句的用法分类。
1、反义疑问句概念:在一个陈述句后加一个简短的问句,问句的时态,动词及主语要和前面的陈述句保持一致,并且主语必须用人称代词。
2、反义疑问句的核心特征:
(1)前肯后否:陈述句是肯定句,简短问句用否定形式(be动词/助动词/情态动词+nt)。
例句:He is a student, isn't he?(他是学生,不是吗?)
(2)前否后肯:陈述句含否定词(never/seldm/n/nthing等),简短问句用肯定形式。
例句:She never late, des she?(她从不迟到,是吗?)
3、反义疑问句的常见结构:
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1.Lisa can hardly understand the math prblem the teacher explains, ________? And her deskmate ften lends her math ntes t help her, ________?
A.can she; desn’t heB.can’t she; des he
C.can she; des heD.can’t she; desn’t he
【答案】A
2.My parents have lived in this small twn since they gt married, ________? And they dn’t have any plans t mve t a big city, ________?
A.haven’t they; d theyB.dn’t they; have they
C.haven’t they; dn’t theyD.dn’t they; haven’t they
【答案】A
3.The new student frm Canada is gd at playing ice hckey, ________?
And he jins the schl sprts club every Friday afternn, ________?
A.isn’t he; desn’t heB.is he; des he
C.isn’t he; des heD.is he; desn’t he
【答案】A
4.Tm lives in America. He’s never been t Beijing, ________.
A.is heB.isn’t heC.has heD.hasn’t he
【答案】C
二、完成句子
5.Let’s g and help the ld man t crss the rad. (改为反意疑问句)
Let’s g and help the ld man t crss the rad, ?
【答案】 shall we
6.It was impssible fr him t finish the wrk alne in such a shrt time. (改为反义疑问句)
It was impssible fr him t finish the wrk alne in such a shrt time, ?
【答案】 wasn’t it
7.你去杭州出差,是吗?
Yu are ging t Hangzhu , ?
【答案】 n business aren’t yu
考点四:选择疑问句的定义和分类。
1、选择疑问句:提问者会给回答者提供两种及以上的答案,并让回答者选择一个进行回答的问句。结构为“一般疑问句+r+选项”或“特殊疑问句+r+选项”,回答需选其一,不能用Yes/N。
2、两大基本类型
(1)一般疑问句式选择疑问句(先一般疑问,后接选项)。结构:一般疑问句 + r + 选项A (+ r 选项B)?
例句:D yu like apples r bananas?(你喜欢苹果还是香蕉?)
例句:Is she a teacher r a dctr?(她是老师还是医生?)
(2)特殊疑问句式选择疑问句(先特殊疑问,后接选项)。结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 + r + 选项A (+ r 选项B)?
例句:Where d yu live, in Beijing r in Shanghai?(你住在哪,北京还是上海?)
例句:When will yu g, tmrrw r the day after tmrrw?(你什么时候去,明天还是后天?)
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1.What ________ yu ________ t drink, juice r milk?
A.des; likeB.are; likingC.wuld; likeD.will; like
【答案】C
2.—Is he a dctr ________ a teacher?
—________.
A.r; Yes, he is a dctrB.and; Yes, he is
C.r; He is a dctrD.and; He is
【答案】C
3.—Which day shall we chse t hld the cncert, Sunday r Mnday?
—________. We wn’t have classes this weekend.
A.MndayB.YesC.SundayD.N
【答案】C
二、完成句子
4.Mike has straight hair. (用curly改为选择疑问句)
Des Mike straight hair curly hair?
【答案】 have r
5.D yu have a favurite pem? D yu have a favurite sng? (改为选择疑问句)
D yu have a favurite ?
【答案】 pem r sng
6.His birthday is in March. (用April改为选择疑问句)
Is his birthday in March April?
【答案】r
7.Je can sing. (用dance改为选择疑问句)
Je sing dance?
【答案】 Can r
第三部分、祈使句
考点:祈使句的定义和用法。
祈使句定义:表示命令,请求,建议或劝告的句子。
2、祈使句的基本类型
(1)肯定祈使句:直接用“动词原形+其他”,表“做某事”。
例句:Open the windw.(打开窗户)/ Study hard.(努力学习。)
(2)否定祈使句:在动词原形前加 Dn't,表“不要做某事”。
例句:Dn't run in the hall.(别在走廊跑。)/ Dn't be late.(别迟到。)
(3)Let型祈使句:以 Let 开头,表“让某人做某事”,结构为“Let + 宾语 + 动词原形”。
例句:Let's g.(让我们走吧。)/ Let him help yu.(让他帮你。)
(4)委婉表达:在句首加Please(可前可后,后加逗号),表礼貌请求。
例句:Please sit dwn. / Sit dwn, please.(请坐。)
(5)加强语气:用 D开头(后接动词原形),表“务必、一定做某事”。
例句:D listen t the teacher.(一定要听老师的话。)
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1.— Henry, ________ yur bks here and there.
— Oh, srry, Dad! I’ll put them in my bkcase nw.
A.leaveB.dn’t leaveC.desn’t leave
【答案】B
2.Let’s _________ and help him.
A.gesB.t gC.gingD.g
【答案】D
3.It’s windy utside. Put n yur cat, ________ yu may catch a cld.
A.andB.butC.sD.r
【答案】D
二、单词拼写
4.Oh, dear, (nt be) s implite. After all, yu tw are friends.
【答案】dn’t be
5.Dn’t (忘记) t pack yur schlbag when yu g t schl.
【答案】frget
6. (nt chat) with the by wh is learning French by himself nw, will yu?
【答案】Dn’t chat
7.Sam, (nt leave) the water running.
【答案】dn’t leave
第四部分、倒装句
考点倒装句的定义用法。
1、倒装句的定义:英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词前,,如果主语在后,谓语动词在前的语序就叫倒装语序。
2、倒装句的用法:
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1.—I have never been t Beijing.
—________ have I. I hpe we can visit it tgether smeday.
A.NeitherB.EitherC.SD.Bth
【答案】A
2.—We have t stp talking here utside. Listen! ________!
—Hurry up, r we’ll be late.
A.There ges the bellB.There des the bell g
C.There the bell gesD.Ges the bell there
【答案】A
3.— I can’t see Jake.
—________. Shall we mve a bit t make sme ________ fr him?
A.Here he cmes; spacesB.Here cmes he; spaces
C.Here he cmes; spaceD.Here cmes he; space
【答案】C
4.Between the tw benches in the park ften ________ a yellw dg.
A.lieB.is lyingC.liesD.are lying
【答案】C
5.—Lk! In this area f the city ________ many tall buildings.
—Yes. I think it’s the CBD f the city.
A.haveB.hasC.areD.is
【答案】C
6.—I’m nt ging hiking this weekend.
—__________. I have t clean up my rm.
A.S d IB.S am IC.Neither am I
【答案】C
7.—I enjy traditinal Chinese paper-cutting a lt.
—________. I think it’s s interesting.
A.S have IB.S d IC.S enjy I
【答案】B
8.—I wasn’t afraid f dgs.
—________ we.
A.Neither didB.S wereC.Nr areD.Nr were
【答案】D
第五部分、感叹句
考点:感叹句的定义和分类。
感叹句的定义:是一种用来表达强烈情感的句式。主要由what和hw引导。
感叹句的分类和用法:
【基础练习】
一、单项选择
1.—I have never been t Beijing.
—________ have I. I hpe we can visit it tgether smeday.
A.NeitherB.EitherC.SD.Bth
【答案】A
2.—We have t stp talking here utside. Listen! ________!
—Hurry up, r we’ll be late.
A.There ges the bellB.There des the bell g
C.There the bell gesD.Ges the bell there
【答案】A
3.— I can’t see Jake.
—________. Shall we mve a bit t make sme ________ fr him?
A.Here he cmes; spacesB.Here cmes he; spaces
C.Here he cmes; spaceD.Here cmes he; space
【答案】C
4.Between the tw benches in the park ften ________ a yellw dg.
A.lieB.is lyingC.liesD.are lying
【答案】C
5.—Lk! In this area f the city ________ many tall buildings.
—Yes. I think it’s the CBD f the city.
A.haveB.hasC.areD.is
【答案】C
6.—I’m nt ging hiking this weekend.
—__________. I have t clean up my rm.
A.S d IB.S am IC.Neither am I
【答案】C
7.—I enjy traditinal Chinese paper-cutting a lt.
—________. I think it’s s interesting.
A.S have IB.S d IC.S enjy I
【答案】B
8.—I wasn’t afraid f dgs.
—________ we.
A.Neither didB.S wereC.Nr areD.Nr were
【答案】D
分类
用法
例句
肯定形式
主语+谓语动词+其他
We are students.
Lucy is reading a bk.
否定形式
1.谓语动词如果是 t be、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加 nt
We are nt hungry. 我们不饿
Father is nt reading the newspaper. 父亲不是在读报纸
He des nt have a sister. 他没有姐妹
He will nt give yu any help. 他将不会给你任何帮助
Yu must nt g there alne. 你一定不要单独去那里
2.如果谓语动词是其他实义动词时,须在它的前面加 dn't/desn't
I d nt knw hw t d. 我不知道怎么做
He desn't g there t see her ften. 他不经常去那里看她
We did nt bargain fr all this truble. 我们没料到会有这个麻烦事
We didn't have enugh wheelbarrws t g rund. 我们的手推车不够用
3.如果 have 作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加 nt 构成否定式
I have nt a vilin. 我没有小提琴
Yu have nt gt a bike, have yu? 你没有自行车,是吗?
4.句子中如果有 all、bth、very much、well 等词时,用 nt 一般构成部分否定;如果要表示完全否定,则通常使用 nne、neither、 all 等
All f the tys were brken. 所有玩具都坏了
Nne f the tys were brken. 所有玩具都没坏
5.句中含有 little、few、t、hardly、never、neither、nr、seldm 等词时,则视为否定句
Few huses remained after the earth quake. 地震之后没剩下几栋房子
A cnstant guest is never welcme. 常客令人讨厌
Wrds can hardly describe hw excited we were. 我们激动的心情难以用言语来形容
He is scarcely the right persn fr the jb. 他根本不适合这工作
分类
结构
例句
1. 含系动词(be: am/is/are/was/were)
Be动词 + 主语 + 其他?
Is she a student?(Yes, she is. / N, she isn’t.)
否定:Be动词 + nt + 主语...(缩写:isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t)
Isn’t she a student?(难道她不是学生吗?)/ Weren’t they at hme?
2. 含情态动词(can/may/must/shuld等)
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Can yu swim?(Yes, I can. / N, I can’t.)
否定:情态动词 + nt + 主语...(缩写:can’t/mustn’t/desn’t等)
Can’t yu swim?(你难道不会游泳吗?)/ Wn’t he cme?
3.含实义动词(d/play/eat等)
结构:助动词(D/Des/Did) + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
一般现在时:主语单三用Des,其他人称用D(Des he like apples? / D they play sccer?)
一般过去时:统一用Did,动词回原形(Did she watch TV? 不用watched)
Des he like apples? /
D they play sccer?)
Did she watch TV?
否定:助动词(D/Des/Did)+ nt + 主语...(缩写:dn’t/desn’t/didn’t)
Desn’t he like apples?(他难道不喜欢苹果吗?)/ Didn’t she g?
疑问词
提问内容
常见句型
例句
What
事物、职业、动作
1. What + be + 主语?2. What + d/des/did + 主语 + 动原?
1. What is this?(这是什么?)
2. What des she d?(她是做什么的?)
Wh
人(主格)
1. Wh + be + 表语?2. Wh + 谓语 + 其他?
1. Wh is yur teacher?(谁是你老师?)2. Wh helped yu?(谁帮了你?)
Whm
人(宾格)
Whm + d/des/did + 主语 + 动原 + 其他?
Whm did yu meet yesterday?(你昨天见了谁?)
Where
地点
1. Where + be + 主语?2. Where + d/des/did + 主语 + 动原?
1. Where is yur hme?(你家在哪?)2. Where d they wrk?(他们在哪工作?)
When
时间
1. When + be + 主语?2. When + d/des/did + 主语 + 动原?
1. When is the party?(派对在何时?)2. When did yu get up?(你几点起的?)
Why
原因
Why + be/d/des/did + 主语 + ...?(回答用Because)
Why are yu sad?(你为什么难过?)Because I lst my bk.
Hw
方式、程度
Hw + be/d/des/did + 主语 + ...?
Hw d yu study English?(你怎么学英语?)
Hw ld
年龄
Hw ld + be + 主语?
Hw ld is yur brther?(你弟弟多大?)
Hw many
可数名词数量
Hw many + 复数名词 + d/des + 主语 + 动原?
Hw many bks d yu have?(你有多少本书?)
Hw much
不可数名词数量/价格
Hw much + 不可数名词 + d/des + 主语 + 动原?2. Hw much + be + 主语?
Hw much water d yu need?(你需要多少水?)
2. Hw much is this pen?(这支笔多少钱?)
类别
核心规则
句式结构
经典例句
含be动词
问句用对应be动词肯/否定
陈述句(be+...)+ be(nt) + 主语?
1. It was rainy, wasn't it?(之前下雨了,不是吗?)2. These aren't apples, are they?(这些不是苹果,是吗?)
含实义动词
借助d/des/did肯/否定
陈述句(动原/三单/过去式)+ d/des/did(nt) + 主语?
1. Yu play basketball, dn't yu?(你打篮球,不是吗?)2. He didn't watch TV, did he?(他没看电视,是吗?)
含情态动词
问句用情态动词肯/否定
陈述句(情态动词+动原)+ 情态动词(nt) + 主语?
1. She must g, mustn't she?(她必须走,不是吗?)2. They may nt cme, may they?(他们可能不来,是吗?)
分类
规则
结构
例句
完全倒装
1. 地点/方位词开头(here/there/ut等)2. 主语是名词时倒装,代词不倒装
1. 方位词/地点短语 + 动词 + 名词主语2. 方位词 + 代词主语 + 动词(不倒装)
1. Here cmes the bus.(公交车来了。)2. Out ran the dg.(狗跑出去了。)3. There he stands.(他就站在那儿。)(代词主语,不倒装)
部分倒装-否定词开头
否定词(never/seldm/little等)置于句首,强调“极少/从不”
否定词 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 实义动词
Never have I been t Beijing.(我从没去过北京。)
Seldm des she watch TV.(她很少看电视。)
Little did he knw abut it.(他对此知之甚少。)
部分倒装-s/neither/nr
表“前者情况也适用于后者”s(肯定);neither/nr(否定)
1. S + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语(肯定)2. Neither/Nr + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语(否定)
1. He is happy, s am I.(他开心,我也开心。)
2. She can dance, s can he.(她会跳舞,他也会。)
3. Tm didn't g, neither did Mary.(汤姆没去,玛丽也没去。)
特殊倒装-There be句型
表“某地有某物”,完全倒装的固定结构
There + be(is/are/was/were) + 主语
1. There is a tree in frnt f the huse.(房子前有一棵树。)2. There are sme flwers n the desk.(桌子上有一些花。)
部分倒装-nly+状语
“nly+时间/方式状语”(nly then/in this way等)开头
Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词
Only then did I understand it.(直到那时我才明白。)
2. Only in this way can yu succeed.(只有这样你才能成功。)
分类
修饰对象
结构
例句
What
可数名词单数
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语+谓语)!
1. What a cute cat (it is)!(多可爱的一只猫啊!)2. What an ld tree (this is)!(多老的一棵树啊!)
可数名词复数
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语)!
What beautiful flwers (they are)!(多美的花啊!)
2. What clever students (they are)!(多聪明的学生啊!)
不可数名词
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
What sweet milk (it is)!(多甜的牛奶啊!)
What heavy rain (it is)!(多大的雨啊!)
Hw
形容词
Hw + 形容词 + (主语+谓语)!
Hw happy (she is)!(她多开心啊!)
2. Hw small (the bx is)!(这个盒子多小啊!)
副词
Hw + 副词 + (主语+谓语)!
Hw slwly (he walks)!(他走得多慢啊!)
2. Hw well (she draws)!(她画得多好啊!)
(省略式)
Hw + 形容词/副词!(省略主语+谓语)
Hw nice!(多好啊!)
2. Hw fast!(多快啊!)
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