北京市海淀区2025届高三英语下学期期末练习二模试题含解析

这是一份北京市海淀区2025届高三英语下学期期末练习二模试题含解析，文件包含2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用教师版docx、2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共167页， 欢迎下载使用。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In my village in Kazakhstan, pprtunities fr persnal develpment were limited. Many yung peple, including myself, felt the ____1____ f unfulfilled ptential and a lack f means t explre ur interests. Mtivated by my passin fr ftball and the desire t inspire thers, I tried t use my lve fr the sprt t ____2____ the yuth in my cmmunity.
With the supprt f my lcal ftball club, I rganized free training sessins fr children aged 8 t 14. The first few practices were challenging; I faced ____3____ frm parents wh questined whether a yung athlete culd make a meaningful impact. ____4____, my determinatin fueled my effrts, and I fcused n creating an inclusive envirnment.
As the weeks passed, I witnessed transfrmatin. The children wh nce hesitated t participate began t ____5____ with excitement and enthusiasm. I nt nly taught them ftball techniques but als ____6____ imprtant life skills such as teamwrk, discipline, and perseverance. Our training sessins became a safe space fr self-expressin and persnal develpment.
At a lcal turnament, families and friends came ut t cheer fr the yung athletes. As ur team ____7____ thrugh the matches, I felt an immense sense f pride — nt just fr ur victries, but fr the ____8____ we had frmed. The jy n the players’ faces as they scred gals and celebrated tgether was a testament t the impact we had made.
Thrugh this experience, I saw hw investing time and effrt in the yuth f my cmmunity culd fster a culture f supprt and ____9____. The impact was nt limited t the field; it extended t their life. Yung athletes began t see themselves as ____10____ individuals with the ptential t achieve their dreams. Later, I pursued a degree in cmmunity develpment t address brader issues, making a difference in larger cntexts.
1. A. needB. weightC. freedmD. hpe
2. A. acceptB. fundC. empwerD. challenge
3. A. dubtB. requestsC. expectatinsD. indifference
4. A. OtherwiseB. MeanwhileC. HweverD. Therefre
5. A. shw upB. check inC. stand utD. carry n
6. A. prvedB. cmbinedC. acquiredD. emphasized
7. A. sufferedB. advancedC. searchedD. cperated
8. A. bndsB. habitsC. agreementsD. memries
9. A. dependenceB. innvatinC. mtivatinD. tlerance
10. A. qualifiedB. adaptableC. diverseD. capable
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，展示了如何通过体育活动帮助年轻人实现个人发展和潜力。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人——包括我自己——都感受到潜力难以发挥和缺乏途径探索我们兴趣带来的压力。A. need需要；B. weight重量，重担，影响力，压力；C. freedm自由；D. hpe希望。根据下文的“unfulfilled ptential and a lack f means t explre ur interests”可知，此处表示“未实现潜力和无法探索自己兴趣的沉重感、压力”。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对足球的热爱和激励他人的愿望，我尝试用我对这项运动的热爱来赋能社区的青少年。A. accept接受；B. fund资助；C. empwer授权，赋予力量，使能够；D. challenge挑战。根据上文的“the desire t inspire thers”可知，此处表示激励年轻人，赋予年轻人力量，通过足球激发社区青少年的潜力。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我面临来自父母的怀疑，他们质疑一个年轻运动员能否产生有意义的影响。A. dubt怀疑，不相信；B. requests请求；C. expectatins期望；D. indifference漠不关心，冷淡。根据下文“wh questined whether a yung athlete culd make a meaningful impact”可知，作者面临来自父母们的怀疑，不相信。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的决心激励着我努力前行，我专注于营造一个包容的环境。A. Otherwise否则；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Hwever然而；D. Therefre因此。上文“I faced ____3____ frm parents wh questined whether a yung athlete culd make a meaningful impact.”和下文“my determinatin fueled my effrts”之间为转折关系，表示虽然“面临怀疑”但“坚持努力”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些曾经犹豫参与的孩子们开始现身训练场，带着兴奋与热情。A. shw up出现，露面；B. check in办理入住手续；C. stand ut突出；D. carry n继续。根据上文的“As the weeks passed, I witnessed transfrmatin.”、“The children wh nce hesitated t participate”以及下文“I nt nly taught them ftball techniques. ..”可知，孩子们来参加作者的训练课，“shw up with excitement and enthusiasm”表示孩子们来到训练场，开始积极参与，其他选项（check in, stand ut, carry n）无法体现从犹豫到主动参与的转变。故选A项。
【6题详解】
查动词词义辨析。句意：我不仅教他们足球技巧，还强调了团队合作、纪律和毅力等重要的生活技能。A. prved证明；B. cmbined结合；C. acquired获得；D. emphasized强调，重视。根据下文的“imprtant life skills such as teamwrk, discipline, and perseverance”可知，此处表示作者不仅教授足球技巧，还“重视”生活技能。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们队伍晋级时，我感受到巨大的自豪——不仅为胜利，更为我们建立的纽带。A. suffered遭受；B. advanced促进，前进；C. searched搜索；D. cperated合作。根据下文的“thrugh the matches, I felt an immense sense f pride — nt just fr ur victries”可知，此处表示描述团队在比赛中晋级，稳步前进，advanced“推进，前进”符合语境。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们的队伍在比赛中不断晋级，我感到了一种巨大的自豪感——不仅为我们的胜利，也为我们之间建立的纽带。A. bnds联系，纽带；B. habits习惯；C. agreements协议；D. memries记忆。根据下文的“The jy n the players’ faces as they scred gals and celebrated tgether was a testament t the impact we had made.”以及“fster a culture f supprt”可知，此处表示团队合作形成的“纽带”(bnds)，强调情感连接，其他选项（habits, agreements, memries）无法体现凝聚力。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这次经历，我看到了投入时间和精力培养我社区年轻人可以培育一种支持和激励的文化。A. dependence依赖；B. innvatin创新；C. mtivatin动力，积极性；D. tlerance容忍，忍耐力。根据上文的“fster a culture f supprt”以及下文“Yung athletes began t see themselves as ____10____ individuals with the ptential t achieve their dreams.”可知，作者的努力让年轻人激励了年轻人，让他们有了实现自己梦想的动力与积极性，用名词“mtivatin”与第一段的“inspire thers”呼应。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻运动员开始把自己视为有能力的个体，有实现梦想的潜力。A. qualified有资格的，具备……的学历（或资历）的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. diverse不同的，多种多样的；D. capable有能力的。根据下文的“with the ptential t achieve their dreams”可知，此处指他们认为自己是有能力实现梦想的人，故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
A freign turist shared his travel experience with visa-free entry in China n scial media. “Befre my trip ___11___ China in April, I was quite nervus because I had n idea ___12___ difficulties I wuld encunter at the brder cntrl department. Hwever, after explaining t airprt staff that I intended t enter China with the 240-hur visa-free transit plicy, everything went quite smthly afterward,” he said. During his trip, he ___13___ (visit) majr sutheastern cstal cities f China, amng which Shanghai and Hangzhu left a deep impressin n him.
【答案】11. t 12. what
13. visited
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位外国游客在社交媒体上分享了他在中国免签入境的旅行经历。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：在我四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管控部门我会遇到什么样的困难。trip t...是固定搭配，意为“去……的旅行”。故填t。
【12题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：在我四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管控部门我会遇到什么样的困难。空处引导同位语从句，空处作定语，修饰名词difficulties，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：在他的旅行期间，他参观了中国东南部的一些主要沿海城市，其中上海和杭州给他留下了深刻的印象。根据During his trip可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词visit应用过去式形式。故填visited。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The rising besity rate has arused mre wide-spread cncern. Experts link besity t excessive carbhydrates and cking il. Nw yung Chinese are embracing lighter fds. Many prefer green juice r prtein-tpped salads ___14___ (manage) weight. Sme peple, ___15___ live a green and cst-effective lifestyle, prefer hmemade meals ver pricey light fds. Weight lss success ___16___ (stry) highlight balanced diets ver extreme measures. Many adpt gradual, mindful eating habits, such as seasnal and lcal fd, fr lng-term health.
【答案】14. t manage
15. wh 16. stries
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析肥胖率上升这一社会现象，探讨了年轻一代在饮食习惯上的变化及其对健康的影响。
14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人更喜欢喝绿色果汁或食用富含蛋白质的沙拉来控制体重。空格处作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填t manage。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一些人，他们过着环保且经济实惠的生活方式，更愿意选择自制餐食，而不是价格昂贵的轻食。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是sme peple，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：减肥成功案例强调平衡饮食胜于极端的节食方式。空格处是句子的主语，谓语动词highlight是复数形式，所以stry应用复数。故填stries。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Take a lk at the cntact list n yur phne — yu likely have numerus names but regularly cnnect with nly a few. Many f these ____17____ (frget) cntacts are ld friends that ____18____ (fade) frm yur life fr n particular reasn fr sme time. Hwever, research ____19____ (cnsistent) shws that scial relatinships are vital fr mental and physical well-being. Reaching ut t an ld friend may seem challenging, but it can rekindle meaningful cnnectins and bring jy. Instead f ____20____ (let) friendships slip away, a simple message can bridge the gap and enhance bth parties’ happiness.
【答案】17. frgtten
18. have faded
19. cnsistently
20. letting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析人们在社交关系中的常见现象，强调了重新联系老朋友的重要性。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些被遗忘的联系人大多是老朋友，他们不知为何在一段时间内从你的生活中逐渐淡出。根据空格后的名词cntacts可知，空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰后面的名词，动词frget与名词cntacts之间是逻辑被动关系，所以应该用过去分词frgtten作定语。故填frgtten。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些被遗忘的联系人大多是老朋友，他们不知为何在一段时间内从你的生活中逐渐淡出。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语是fr sme time，应该用现在完成时；从句的谓语动词fade与从句主语that指代的先行词friends在数上保持一致，应该用复数形式。故填have faded。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，最新研究持续印证：社交关系对心理和身体健康至关重要。空格处修饰下文的动词shws，作状语，应该用副词cnsistently。故填cnsistently。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与其放任友情流逝，一条简单的信息就能弥合时光裂隙，双向提升幸福指数。根据空格前的介词f可知，空格处应该用动名词letting作宾语。故填letting。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In a recent survey, ver half f first-year cllege students wished they had wrked harder in high schl. Taking challenging classes in high schl, such as hnrs and cllege-level curses, builds new skills and prepares yu fr cllege. They are exactly what admissins fficers like t see n applicatins.
Experience a Different Apprach
Here’s a brief verview f sme f the classes that may be available t yu:
• Hnrs classes usually cver similar material as regular classes, but at a faster pace r mre deeply than regular classes.
• Cllege Bard’s AP Prgram ffers cllege-level classes that help students develp and apply skills, such as reading critically, slving prblems analytically, and writing clearly. Mre than 30 classes are available.
• The IB prgram ffers cllege-level classes that stress develping yur thinking skills and an awareness f glbal issues.
• Cllege curses may be available fr yu t take while still in high schl, either at yur schl r n a cllege campus.
Find Yur Passin
Curses like these can intrduce yu t tpics and ideas nt cvered in the regular classrm. Yu may even discver the subject that will becme yur cllege majr r the fcus f yur career.
Prepare fr Cllege
Shwing that yu’ re willing t push yurself by taking demanding classes in high schl can help when yu’ re applying t cllege. The level f curses yu take nw is ne f the first things clleges lk at.
In additin, cllege curses, IB classes and exams, and AP Exams may lead t cllege credits, advanced placement, r bth in cllege. This means yu may be able t skip sme basic cllege curses and mve directly int interesting, advanced classes. This als may allw yu t free up enugh time t pursue a duble majr r study abrad.
21. Which f the fllwing highlights glbal cnsciusness?
A. Hnrs classes.B. AP Prgram.C. IB prgrams.D. Cllege curses.
22. Which culd be the benefit f taking challenging classes?
A. Graduating with hnrs.B. Bsting academic pssibilities.
C. Bradening career prspect.D. Ensuring admissin t clleges.
23. The passage is intended fr _________.
A. first-year undergraduatesB. career advisrsC. summer schl rganizersD. high schl students
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了高中的荣誉课程、大学先修课程（AP）、国际文凭项目（IB）以及高中可修的大学课程等具有挑战性的课程的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Experience a Different Apprach部分“The IB prgram ffers cllege-level classes that stress develping yur thinking skills and an awareness f glbal issues. (IB项目提供大学水平的课程，强调培养你的思维能力和对全球问题的意识。)”可知，IB课程强调全球意识。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In additin, cllege curses, IB classes and exams, and AP Exams may lead t cllege credits, advanced placement, r bth in cllege. This means yu may be able t skip sme basic cllege curses and mve directly int interesting, advanced classes. This als may allw yu t free up enugh time t pursue a duble majr r study abrad. (此外，大学课程、IB课程和考试以及AP考试可能会带来大学学分、提前录取或两者兼而有之。这意味着你可以跳过一些大学的基础课程，直接进入有趣的高级课程。这也可能让你有足够的时间去攻读双学位或出国留学。)”可知，选择具有挑战性的课程可以提升学术可能性，例如获得大学学分、提前录取、跳过基础课程、进入高级课程、攻读双学位或出国留学等。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Taking challenging classes in high schl, such as hnrs and cllege-level curses, builds new skills and prepares yu fr cllege. (在高中选择具有挑战性的课程，如荣誉课程和大学水平的课程，可以培养新的技能，为大学做好准备。)”以及Experience a Different Apprach部分“Here’s a brief verview f sme f the classes that may be available t yu. (以下是对你可能选择的课程的一个简要概述。)”可知，文章主要介绍了高中生选择具有挑战性的课程的好处，并列举了一些可能选择的课程，所以这篇文章是写给高中生的。故选D。
B
When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan fr my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man tk ne lk at my hesitant psture and held up sme fingers. One? Tw? I put up ne finger, and he directed me t the Level 1 class. It was disrienting: Class time was strictly “vices ff” t encurage immersive learning and t shw respect t the deaf teachers. Withut the pwer f speech, all my classmates and I culd d was smile and nd at ne anther as we tk in the new vcabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shck and a bruise t my eg. As a writer, I pride myself n a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect cmbinatin f wrds that can mst precisely cmmunicate any thught. With ASL, I expected t feel similarly, and thught fluency wuld cme nce I cllected a critical mass f signs. The first thing yu learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questins using wrds we didn’t have the signs fr, thse early weeks were filled with labrius spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dzen plitely smiling faces watching me as I slwly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling wrds— ften multiple times— was its wn kind f trture.
Over time, I picked up n new cnventins, like waving a hand r stmping n the grund t get smene’s attentin. My fingers stalled as they reached fr new shapes, and I struggled t differentiate very similar lking signs. Eventually I realized that when yu’re cmmunicating in sign language, dictin (措词) is nt as imprtant as the way yu embdy what yu’re cmmunicating. I nce asked a teacher hw t sign the wrd “desperate”. “ASL desn’t have a direct translatin f every English wrd,” he tld me. “If yu want t sign ‘desperate’, yu might just sign the wrd ‘want’, but with the apprpriate facial and bdy psturing t shw yur desperatin. It desn’t make sense t sign ‘frustrated’ if yur face desn’t lk at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan mntne while claiming yu’re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes fr almst tw years. Initially, my reasn was trivial: a childhd fascinatin with “secret languages”. While ASL may nt whlly share a vcabulary with English, that desn’t mean it lacks precisin. Its precisin, I’ve learned, lies in the cmmn language f the bdy.
24. Hw did the authr feel in the first ASL class?
A. Frustrated.B. Cnfused.C. Anxius.D. Hesitant.
25. What made the authr embarrassed when learning the alphabet?
A. Putting n smiling facial expressins.B. Being made fun f in frnt f the class.
C. Waving a hand t get smene’s attentin.D. Misspelling and respelling wrds repeatedly.
26. Accrding t the passage, what can we learn abut ASL?
A. It’s a universal language system acrss cultures.B. It cnveys mre emtins than verbal language.
C. It requires a cmbinatin f signs and emtins.D. It has a direct translatin f signs fr every wrd.
27. What has the authr learned frm her learning experience?
A. The bdy is what gives language life.B. Dictin is what gives language flavur.
C. Fluency cmes frm the mastery f signs.D. ASL priritizes precisin ver cmmunicatin.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历，以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disrienting: Class time was strictly ‘vices ff’ t encurage immersive learning and t shw respect t the deaf teachers. Withut the pwer f speech, all my classmates and I culd d was smile and nd at ne anther as we tk in the new vcabulary.(这让人感到困惑：课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”，以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力，我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头，同时吸收新词汇)”可知，作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dzen plitely smiling faces watching me as I slwly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling wrds— ften multiple times— was its wn kind f trture.(这很尴尬：看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我，我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知，作者在学习字母表时，因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when yu’re cmmunicating in sign language, dictin (措词) is nt as imprtant as the way yu embdy what yu’re cmmunicating. I nce asked a teacher hw t sign the wrd ‘desperate’. ‘ASL desn’t have a direct translatin f every English wrd,’ he tld me. ‘If yu want t sign ‘desperate’, yu might just sign the wrd ‘want’, but with the apprpriate facial and bdy psturing t shw yur desperatin. It desn’t make sense t sign ‘frustrated’ if yur face desn’t lk at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan mntne while claiming yu’re angry.(最终我意识到，当你用手语交流时，措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译，’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’，你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’，但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧，那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的，’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话，却声称你很生气)”可知，ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may nt whlly share a vcabulary with English, that desn’t mean it lacks precisin. Its precisin, I’ve learned, lies in the cmmn language f the bdy.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇，但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是，它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知，作者从学习经历中学到的是，肢体语言在手语中很重要，即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。
C
If yu’ve ever hung arund scientists, yu’ve mst likely heard ne f them say “the best explanatin is the simplest ne.” But is it? Frm the behavir f ants t the ccurrence f trnades, the natural wrld is ften quite cmplex. Why shuld we assume the simplest explanatin is clsest t the truth?
This idea is knwn as Occam’s (r Ockham’s) razr. It’s als referred t as “rule f ecnmy”. And it bears a family relatinship t the “principle f least astnishment,” which hlds that if an explanatin is t surprising, it’s prbably nt right. The name cmes frm William f Ockham, a 14th-century schlastic philspher. He frmulated the principle that “entities (实体) shuld nt be multiplied beynd necessity.” The philsphical claim is a frm f ntlgical minimalism: we shuld nt invke entities unless we have evidence that they exist. In ther wrds: dn’t make stuff up.
In 1687, Isaac Newtn expanded n the ntin with his cncept f a vera causa — a true cause, stating that we shuld admit nly causes that were bth true and sufficient t explain natural phenmena. He added that Nature did nthing in vain and Nature was pleased with simplicity. Althugh Newtn was a great scientist, this claim seems dd. Wh is t say what “pleases Nature”? Desn’t this guidance assume we knw what we are in fact trying t figure ut?
Cnsider the wrld f Physics filled with explanatins that are surprising, unexpected and hard t get yur head arund. Newtn explained light as being made f particles, whereas ther scientists explained it as a wave. Quantum mechanics, hwever, tells us light is bth a wave and a particle. Newtn’s accunt was simpler, but mdern physics tells us the mre cmplex mdel is clser t the truth.
When we turn t bilgy, things get even mre cmplicated. Imagine tw smkers, bth f whm went thrugh a pack a day fr 30 years. One gets cancer; the ther desn’t. The simplest explanatin? Fr decades the tbacc industry’s answer was that smking desn’t cause cancer. Simple but false. In fact, disease is cmplex, and we dn’t yet understand all the factrs invlved in cancer.
Occam’s razr is nt a fact r even a thery. It’s a metaphysical (形而上学的) principle: an idea held independently f empirical (实证的) evidence. In human affairs, things are mre ften than nt cmplex. Human mtivatins are typically multiple. Peple can be gd and bad at the same time, selfish and selfless, depending n circumstances. The shelves f ethicists are filled with bks pndering why gd peple d bad things, and their answers are rarely shrt and sweet.
Our explanatins shuld match the wrld as best as we can make them. Science is abut allwing things t unfld naturally, and smetimes this means accepting that the truth is nt simple, even if it wuld make ur lives easier if it were.
28 Occam’s razr indicates that_________.
A. simpler explanatins shuld be preferred
B. reasnable explanatins can’t be surprising
C. explanatins shuld be cnsistent with purpses
D. sufficient causes can explain natural phenmena
29. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Newtn ffered slid empirical supprt t Occam’s razr.
B. The tbacc industry’s respnse is in line with Occam’s razr.
C. Quantum mechanics cnfirms Newtn’s particle thery f light.
D. Ethicists argue human cmplexity results in multiple mtivatins.
30. It’s implied in the passage that we need t ________.
A. fllw the laws f natureB. interpret the wrld as it is
C. balance accuracy and simplicityD. highlight the existence f entities
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“奥卡姆剃刀”认为最简单的解释最接近真相，但牛顿的理论及物理中光的解释、生物学中吸烟与癌症的关系表明，自然和人类事务都很复杂。奥卡姆剃刀是形而上学原则，科学应让事物自然展现，真相往往并非简单，不应一味追求简单的解释。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’ve ever hung arund scientists, yu’ve mst likely heard ne f them say “the best explanatin is the simplest ne.”(如果你曾经和科学家在一起，你很可能会听到他们中的一个人说：“最好的解释是最简单的。”)”以及第二段“He frmulated the principle that “entities (实体) shuld nt be multiplied beynd necessity.”(他提出了这样一个原则：“如无必要，勿增实体”)”可知，奥卡姆剃刀理论表明，更简单的解释更可取。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“When we turn t bilgy, things get even mre cmplicated. Imagine tw smkers, bth f whm went thrugh a pack a day fr 30 years. One gets cancer; the ther desn’t. The simplest explanatin? Fr decades the tbacc industry’s answer was that smking desn’t cause cancer. Simple but false. In fact, disease is cmplex, and we dn’t yet understand all the factrs invlved in cancer.(当我们转向生物学时，事情变得更加复杂。想象一下，有两个吸烟者，他们每天吸一包烟，持续了30年。一个得了癌症；另一个没有。最简单的解释是什么？几十年来，烟草行业的答案是吸烟不会致癌。简单但错误。事实上，疾病是复杂的，我们还不了解与癌症有关的所有因素)”可知，烟草业用“吸烟不致癌”这一简单但错误的解释，虽违背事实，但其逻辑符合奥卡姆剃刀的表面原则（优先简单解释）。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our explanatins shuld match the wrld as best as we can make them. Science is abut allwing things t unfld naturally, and smetimes this means accepting that the truth is nt simple, even if it wuld make ur lives easier if it were.(我们的解释应该尽可能符合现实。科学是关于让事物自然展开的，有时这意味着接受事实并不简单，即使事实简单会让我们的生活更容易)”可知，我们需要如实地解读世界。故选B。
D
In 1922 British gelgist Rbert Sherlck put frth what is nw cnsidered t be the central argument fr recgnizing the Anthrpcene (人类世) as a new gelgical era: the scale and character f human activities have becme s great as t cmpete with natural frces. Abut ne hundred years later, gelgists have bradly accepted Sherlck’s cre idea, and the Anthrpcene Wrking Grup has prpsed Crawfrd Lake in Canada as the fficial site fr marking the Anthrpcene.
The prpsal attracted a great deal f press much f it fcused n a misguided cntrversy ver hw narrwly t define the Anthrpcene. Amid this debate, bservers may have been left t wnder why defining this chapter in Earth’s histry shuld matter t rdinary peple at all.
Sherlck was nt a lne wlf. He built n the wrk f thers. One was an American schlar Gerge Marsh, wh had called attentin t defrestatin and the rle f humans as “disturbing agents”. In additin t revisiting defrestatin, Sherlck described the changed curses f rivers thrugh dams and canals; and the huge quantities f stuff peple mve while mining the raw materials f mdern civilizatin. Human impacts were becming s manifest, Sherlck argued, that the distinctin between “natural” and “artificial” was becming difficult t sustain. We needed a new term t study the effects f human activities n Earth. Scientists f later generatins fllwed his ftsteps. And in 2000 Eugene F. Strmer and Paul J. Crutzen frmally prpsed the wrd “Anthrpcene” in a paper.
But science is cnservative in nature — the burden f prf is always n thse making a nvel claim — and the scial and ecnmic cnsequences f recgnizing the adverse effects f burning fssil fuels have led t enrmus resistance beynd scientific cmmunity.
The definitin f the Anthrpcene matters fr at least tw reasns. First, it is a way fr scientists t declare that the shifts ging n arund us are n small issue. Anthrpgenic climate change is a prfund change in the cnditins f life n Earth. In cuntless ways, the past may n lnger be a reliable guide t the future. We must rethink cre assumptins abut hw we build ur ecnmies and ur infrastructures, hw we travel, and even hw we eat.
Secnd, the definitin f the Anthrpcene extends the cnversatin beynd climate change. What gelgists can nw see in rcks — frm the subtle t the grss — pints t the widespread and lasting impact f human activities n Earth.
It is cmmn fr peple t say that as climate change prceeds, we can “just adapt”. Sme wealthy peple even think that, if necessary, they will mve t higher grund r lwer latitudes. N dubt sme peple will becme climate refugees, either vluntarily r under frce. But the definitin f the Anthrpcene reminds us that the challenge we face is gelgical in scale. It affects the whle Earth. It reminds us that as this new era unflds, there wn’t be anywhere t hide.
31. What can we learn abut the Anthrpcene?
A. It is driven by dramatic climate change.B. It is apprved as a definite gelgical era.
C. It highlights the impact f human activities.D. It marks the unique features f Crawfrd Lake.
32. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. A shift in mindset f respnsibility is in great need.
B. Gelgical changes in rcks remain t be uncvered.
C. The prf f new claims makes science cnservative.
D. The press fcuses n the significance f the Anthrpcene.
33. What des the wrd “manifest” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Direct.B. Diverse.C. Negative.D. Striking.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Des the Anthrpcene Matter?B. What Des the Anthrpcene Tell Us?
C. Can Humans Adapt t the Anthrpcene?D. Hw Can Humans Reduce Anthrpgenic Impact?
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“人类世”这一概念展开，讨论了其定义，科学意义以及社会影响。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1922 British gelgist Rbert Sherlck put frth what is nw cnsidered t be the central argument fr recgnizing the Anthrpcene (人类世) as a new gelgical era: the scale and character f human activities have becme s great as t cmpete with natural frces.(1922年，英国地质学家罗伯特·歇洛克提出了人类世是一个新的地质时代的核心论点：人类活动的规模和性质已经变得如此之大，以至于可以与自然力量相竞争)”可知，人类世强调人类活动的影响。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“We must rethink cre assumptins abut hw we build ur ecnmies and ur infrastructures, hw we travel, and even hw we eat.(我们必须重新思考我们如何建设经济和基础设施，如何旅行，甚至如何饮食等核心假设)”以及最后一段“It reminds us that as this new era unflds, there wn’t be anywhere t hide.(它提醒我们，随着这个新时代的展开，我们将无处可藏)”可知，我们需要转变责任心态，承担更多的责任。故选A。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the distinctin between “natural” and “artificial” was becming difficult t sustain(“自然”和“人工”之间的区别越来越难以维持)”可知，人类的影响变得如此明显，以至于“自然”和“人为”之间的区别难以维持。故划线词意思是“显著的，引人注目的”。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“人类世”这一概念展开，讨论了其定义，科学意义以及社会影响。结合倒数第三段中“The definitin f the Anthrpcene matters fr at least tw reasns.(人类世的定义之所以重要，至少有两个原因)”定义人类世很重要，它彰显人类活动影响，还提醒我们需转变观念，因为人类面临的挑战规模巨大，无处可躲。因此，A选项“人类世重要吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stuffed animals, r plush tys, are a cherished part f childhd fr many. Yet their appeal extends far beynd the early years. Whether it’s a sft lin r a cuddly bunny, these cmfrting cmpanins have a unique place in the hearts f millins. ____35____
One f the primary reasns stuffed animals are s belved is the cmfrt they prvide. Fr children, these sft, huggable tys ften serve as a surce f emtinal security. The act f cuddling a stuffed animal can prvide reassurance and a sense f calm. ____36____ The tactile sensatin f sft fabric and the cmfrting weight f a plush ty can act like a physical cmfrt bject, similar t a security blanket.
Besides, stuffed animals ften becme lyal cmpanins, ffering emtinal supprt. ____37____ The attachment they develp t their stuffed animals is nt just a passing phase. It ften carries lasting emtinal significance well int adulthd.
____38____ Children might “care” fr their tys in ways they see adults caring fr them, develping empathy and nurturing skills. This kind f play helps children understand cmplex emtins like lve, cncern, and respnsibility. This allws them t build emtinal intelligence frm an early age.
Beynd emtinal cmfrt, stuffed animals have been used as tls in therapy. In child psychlgy, therapists ften incrprate stuffed animals t help children express their emtins, fears, and wishes in a nn-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing cmplex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “vice” fr thse emtins. ____39____ Many find cmfrt in hugging r hlding a plush ty as a way t alleviate stress, anxiety, r even physical pain. A grwing bdy f research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hrmnes, and trigger the release f xytcin, which prmtes feelings f well-being and relaxatin.
A. Why d they hld such a special place in seeking cmfrt?
B. Many children treat them as real friends r family members.
C. But what makes stuffed animals mre than just simple tys?
D. Stuffed animals are als ften used as a frm f rle-playing.
E. It can help children feel safe, especially during times f stress.
F. Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits.
G. Adults t can benefit frm the therapeutic aspects f stuffed animals.
【答案】35. C 36. E 37. B 38. D 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了毛绒玩具不仅是童年的珍贵部分，对各年龄段都有独特意义。它能提供情感安慰，成为忠诚伙伴，还可用于角色扮演培养情商。毛绒玩具可作为治疗工具，无论是孩子还是成人，都能通过它缓解压力，释放促进幸福感的催产素。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Stuffed animals, r plush tys, are a cherished part f childhd fr many. Yet their appeal extends far beynd the early years. Whether it’s a sft lin r a cuddly bunny, these cmfrting cmpanins have a unique place in the hearts f millins.(对许多人来说，毛绒玩具是童年珍贵的一部分。然而，它们的吸引力远远超出了最初的几年。无论是柔软的狮子还是可爱的兔子，这些令人安慰的伴侣在数百万人的心中都占有独特的地位)”可知，上文提到毛绒玩具深受喜爱，下一段开始阐述毛绒玩具受欢迎的原因，本句起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对毛绒玩具特殊之处的讨论，故C选项“但是是什么让毛绒动物不仅仅是简单的玩具呢？”符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
根据上文“One f the primary reasns stuffed animals are s belved is the cmfrt they prvide. Fr children, these sft, huggable tys ften serve as a surce f emtinal security. The act f cuddling a stuffed animal can prvide reassurance and a sense f calm.(毛绒玩具如此受人喜爱的主要原因之一是它们提供的安慰。对于孩子们来说，这些柔软、可爱的玩具通常是情感安全感的来源。抱着毛绒玩具的行为可以提供安慰和平静的感觉)”可知，前文说毛绒玩具能给孩子带来情感上的安全感，拥抱毛绒玩具能带来安慰和平静，故本句进一步说明毛绒玩具让孩子有安全感，故E选项“它可以帮助孩子们感到安全，尤其是在有压力的时候”符合语境，故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Besides, stuffed animals ften becme lyal cmpanins, ffering emtinal supprt.(此外，毛绒玩具经常成为忠实的伙伴，提供情感支持)”以及后文“The attachment they develp t their stuffed animals is nt just a passing phase. It ften carries lasting emtinal significance well int adulthd.(他们对毛绒玩具的依恋并不是暂时的。它通常会在成年后带来持久的情感意义)”可知，上文说毛绒玩具是忠诚的伙伴，能提供情感支持，后文说孩子对毛绒玩具的依恋不是短暂的阶段，推测本句说明孩子对毛绒玩具的特殊情感，故B选项“许多孩子把他们当作真正的朋友或家人”符合语境，故选B。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Children might “care” fr their tys in ways they see adults caring fr them, develping empathy and nurturing skills. This kind f play helps children understand cmplex emtins like lve, cncern, and respnsibility. This allws them t build emtinal intelligence frm an early age.(孩子们可能会以他们看到的成年人照顾他们的方式“照顾”他们的玩具，培养同理心和养育技能。这种游戏可以帮助孩子理解复杂的情感，比如爱、关心和责任。这使得他们在很小的时候就能建立情商)”可知，后文说孩子会像大人照顾自己一样 “照顾” 玩具，培养同理心和养育技能，本句为主旨句，引出下文孩子通过玩毛绒玩具进行角色扮演的内容，故D选项“填充动物玩具也经常被用作角色扮演的一种形式”符合语境，故选D。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Beynd emtinal cmfrt, stuffed animals have been used as tls in therapy. In child psychlgy, therapists ften incrprate stuffed animals t help children express their emtins, fears, and wishes in a nn-threatening way. (除了情感上的安慰，毛绒动物还被用作治疗工具。在儿童心理学中，治疗师经常使用毛绒动物玩具来帮助孩子们以一种不具威胁性的方式表达他们的情绪、恐惧和愿望)”可知，第五段从儿童治疗转向成年人受益，G选项“成年人也能从毛绒玩具的治疗方面获益”衔接后文研究结论，后文“Many find cmfrt in hugging r hlding a plush ty as a way t alleviate stress, anxiety, r even physical pain. A grwing bdy f research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hrmnes, and trigger the release f xytcin, which prmtes feelings f well-being and relaxatin.(许多人认为拥抱或抱着毛绒玩具是缓解压力、焦虑甚至身体疼痛的一种方式。越来越多的研究表明，拥抱毛绒玩具可以减少压力荷尔蒙，并引发催产素的释放，从而促进幸福感和放松感)”说很多人通过拥抱毛绒玩具缓解压力，说明毛绒玩具对成年人也有治疗作用，故符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“Yur rder is n its way!” Is there any ntificatin that brings mre jy than this? But there culd be mre behind yur mtivatins fr hitting “buy nw”. A survey fund ver a quarter f respndents reprted “dm spending” — splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.
Dm spending can put yu at risk f financial stress, cause tensin in relatinships, evke feelings f shame, and drain yur bank balance f funds that culd be spent therwise. But why is it s hard t resist the urge t spend?
The reasn we feel happy and satisfied when swiping ur credit cards is the dpamine rush it ffers. Interestingly, the dpamine desn’t turn up in the acquisitin f smething. It ccurs in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt. In ther wrds, it’s the try-n f the perfect shes r the test drive f the new car rather than the actual buying. S when feeling the urge t buy, pause, nte the item and wait at least 24 hurs befre acting, allwing time fr dpamine’s effect t flw thrugh the bdy. Yu may find that after the effect wears ff, yu dn’t have the urge t buy.
Fr sme peple, shpping serves as a cping mechanism — a way t find cmfrt and build self-esteem r self-cnfidence. They ften turn t that prduct again and again, hping it will make them feel a little bit better. Hwever, this inability t prperly self-sthe can result in a “treat yurself” mentality after a bad day. If yu feel the need fr a treat r sme self-care, put yur credit card away and reach fr smething mre whlesme and lng-lasting like meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends. These alternatives nt nly prvide lnger-lasting benefits but als help fill yur emtinal well-being.
But being mindful with mney desn’t have t mean aviding spending n little things that bring yu jy. Little splurges and “treat yurself” mments can be a great way t bring happiness if they are cntrlled. Having allcated funds fr “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list n hw much t spend frm these can create a mre mindful apprach t spending, rather than ne that’s impulsive and stress-mtivated.
40. Accrding t the passage, what is “dm spending”?
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41. What are the alternatives t cmfrt yurself instead f spending mney?
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42. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false then underline it and explain why.
Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied.
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43. What benefit(s) can yu get frm being mindful with mney? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. It is splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.
41. Meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends.
42. Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dpamine is released in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt.
43. Being mindful with mney helps reduce financial stress, fsters healthier relatinships, and preserves funds fr meaningful lng-term gals. By managing impulsive spending, ne can maintain cntrl and experience greater satisfactin frm carefully chsen purchases and healthier emtinal well-being.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“厄运消费”以及这种消费背后的原因以及如何避免不必要的消费。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“A survey fund ver a quarter f respndents reprted “dm spending” — splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.(一项调查发现，超过四分之一的受访者称自己是“厄运消费”——不顾经济问题，为了应对压力，把钱花在不必要的东西上)”可知，“厄运消费”指的是不顾经济压力，仍在不必要的购买上大笔花钱。故答案为It is splashing cash n unnecessary purchases despite ecnmic cncerns t cpe with stress.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“If yu feel the need fr a treat r sme self-care, put yur credit card away and reach fr smething mre whlesme and lng-lasting like meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends.(如果你觉得需要款待或自我照顾，把信用卡收起来，做一些更健康、更持久的事情，比如冥想、花时间在大自然中，或者和朋友联系)”可知，除了花钱，冥想，花时间在大自然中，或者与朋友联系可以得到安慰。故答案为Meditatin, spending time in nature, r cnnecting with friends.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Interestingly, the dpamine desn’t turn up in the acquisitin f smething. It ccurs in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt.(有趣的是，多巴胺不会出现在获得某些东西的过程中。它发生在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中)”可知，错误部分为“when peple actually buy smething”，因为多巴胺是在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中释放的。故答案为Dpamine is released when peple actually buy smething, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dpamine is released in the impulse r the mtivatin t g frth and hunt.
【43题详解】
考查开放题。根据“注意金钱能给你带来什么好处？”可回答：注意金钱有助于减轻财务压力，促进更健康的关系，并为有意义的长期目标保留资金；通过管理冲动消费，人们可以保持控制，并从精心选择的购买和更健康的情绪健康中获得更大的满足感。故答案为Being mindful with mney helps reduce financial stress, fsters healthier relatinships, and preserves funds fr meaningful lng-term gals. By managing impulsive spending, ne can maintain cntrl and experience greater satisfactin frm carefully chsen purchases and healthier emtinal well-being.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们年级将于6月18日开展以“传承”为主题的毕业季活动。请你用英文给你们班的交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 其他相关事项。
注意: 1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Greetings! I’m writing t invite yu t ur upcming graduatin event n June 18th with the theme “Heritage”.
Aiming t celebrate ur shared memries and prmte the schl spirit, the event features varius activities. At the “Stry Bth”, graduating students will share persnal stries and hw the schl values have shaped wh we are. Anther highlight is the “My Legacy” fair, where we are welcme t leave behind meaningful items, such as study ntes, medals frm schl traditinal events, r heartfelt messages t inspire future students and hnr the schl spirit.
Yu can check in at the lecture hall fr yur graduatin suvenir by 9 a.m.. Bring yur favurite items fr the fair if yu like.
As a valued member f ur class, yur presence wuld mean a lt t us. Let’s celebrate this significant mment tgether!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给班里的交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加以“传承”为主题的毕业季活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
活动：event→activity
激励：inspire → encurage
真诚的：heartfelt → sincere
庆祝：celebrate → bserve
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As a valued member f ur class, yur presence wuld mean a lt t us.
拓展句：Since yu are a valued member f ur class, yur presence wuld mean a lt t us.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Aiming t celebrate ur shared memries and prmte the schl spirit, the event features varius activities. (运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】At the “Stry Bth”, graduating students will share persnal stries and hw the schl values have shaped wh we are. (运用了hw引导宾语从句)