北京市东城区2025届高三英语下学期二模试题含解析

这是一份北京市东城区2025届高三英语下学期二模试题含解析，文件包含2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用教师版docx、2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共167页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When her daughter gt married, Anne searched everywhere fr the right hat. “But the nly ___1___ that matched cst a frtune,” she says. She had t g fr a straw (稻草) ne in the end.
It struck Anne that she culd begin t ___2___ the art f hat-making at the age f 55. She tk weekend classes, during which she watched a wnderful sun hat cme t ___3___ between her hands fr the first time. The experience reminded Anne f her early ___4___. “I really wanted t g t art schl but my father wanted me t have a career that I culd supprt myself with,” she says. Hwever, making hats ___5___ her creativity and allwed Anne t start again.
Once she retired, she ___6___ fr a hat-making curse at a cllege. Once a week, she wuld take the train t Lndn and begin the cmplicated ___7___ f handcrafting pieces. She learned everything frm finding inspiratin t sketching and making a range f stylish hats.
“Even at hme I can lse myself in it, put the radi n and get ging,” she says. “It was such a(an) ___8___ task.”
Anne,77, nw has a hat-making wrkshp in her hme and it has really refreshed her interest in fashin and fabric. She als recycles ld dresses int hats, thinking f making a whle cllectin ut f ___9___ used fabrics next.
She nw has mre ____10____ than she can keep up with and she is keen t learn new techniques. “I’ll keep ging as lng as I can, since peple always need smething interesting t wear.”
1. A. dressB. hatC. trusersD. shes
2. A. perfectB. valueC. spreadD. pursue
3. A. lightB. pwerC. lifeD. mind
4. A. passinB. majrC. cntributinD. career
5 A. shapedB. measuredC. influencedD. released
6. A. made upB. reached utC. signed upD. lked ut
7. A. prcessB. preparatinC. theryD. system
8. A. funnyB. absrbingC. flexibleD. ambitius
9. A. regularlyB. temprarilyC. previuslyD. initially
10. A. cmpetitinB. respnsibilitiesC. prfitsD. demand
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要讲述了Anne在退休之后重拾早些年的热爱，开始学习帽子制作，并开了一家制帽商店的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但唯一一顶与之相配的帽子花了一大笔钱，”她说。A. dress连衣裙；B. hat帽子；C. trusers裤子；D. shes鞋。根据上文“Anne searched everywhere fr the right hat”可知，Anne到处寻找合适的帽子，故此处指唯一一顶与之相配的帽子花了一大笔钱，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Anne突然想到，她可以在55岁时开始追求制帽艺术。A. perfect使完美；B. value重视；C. spread传播；D. pursue追求。根据下文“She tk weekend classes”以及“Anne,77, nw has a hat-making wrkshp in her hme”可知，她参加课程，现在在家里开了一家制帽作坊，故此处指追求制帽艺术，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她参加了周末课程，在这期间，她第一次看到一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来。A. light光；B. pwer力量；C. life生活；D. mind头脑。根据上文“hat-making”可知，她参加制作帽子的课程，故此处指一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来，cme t life“变得生动，有了生命力”，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历使Anne想起了她早年的热爱。A. passin热爱，酷爱；B. majr专业；C. cntributin贡献；D. career事业。根据下文“I really wanted t g t art schl”可知，Anne早些年就热爱艺术，故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，制作帽子释放了她的创造力，让Anne重新开始。A. shaped塑造；B. measured测量；C. influenced影响；D. released释放。根据上文提到“一顶漂亮的太阳帽在她的手中活了起来”以及空后“allwed Anne t start again”可知，制作帽子释放出了她的创造力，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：退休后，她报名参加了一所大学的制帽课程。A. made up组成，编造；B. reached ut伸手拿；C. signed up报名；D. lked ut当心。根据下文“Once a week, she wuld take the train t Lndn”和“She learned everything frm finding inspiratin t sketching and making a range f stylish hats.”可知，她报名参加了制帽课程，故选C。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，她都会乘火车去伦敦，开始手工制作复杂的过程。A. prcess过程；B. preparatin准备；C. thery理论；D. system系统。根据空后“f handcrafting pieces”可知，此处指手工制作复杂的过程，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项如此有吸引力的任务。A. funny有趣的；B. absrbing引人入胜的，有吸引力的；C. flexible灵活的；D. ambitius有野心的。根据上文“Even at hme I can lse myself in it, put the radi n and get ging(即使在家里，我也可以沉浸其中，打开收音机，开始工作)”可知，她很享受制作帽子的过程，故此处指“这是一项如此有吸引力的任务”，故选B。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她还把旧裙子回收利用，做成帽子，然后下一步考虑用以前用过的布料做一个完整的系列。A. regularly有规律地；B. temprarily临时地；C. previusly以前；D. initially开始，最初。根据上文“She als recycles ld dresses int hats”可知，她回收利用旧衣服，故此处指“考虑用以前用过的布料做一个完整的系列”，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在她的订单多得应付不过来，而且她渴望学习新的制作技巧。A. cmpetitin比赛；B. respnsibilities责任；C. prfits利润；D. demand需要量。根据下文“I’ll keep ging as lng as I can, since peple always need smething interesting t wear.”结合上文提到她用旧物品制作帽子推知，现在有很多人找她制作有新鲜感的帽子，即帽子的需求量很大，故选D。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One night, my cat slipped ut f the huse unnticed. The next evening, a man kncked n my dr and asked ____11____ I was missing a cat. He explained he had sptted a cat lying by the radside after being hit by a truck. He stpped ____12____ (help), wrapping it with smething warm and ffering water and fd. ____13____ n cllar t guide him, he had t g dr-t-dr until he fund me.
【答案】11. if##whether
12. t help
13. With
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的猫跑出去被一个男人救助并最终找到作者的故事。
【11题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：第二天晚上，一个男人来敲我的门，问我是不是丢了一只猫。空处引导宾语从句作asked的宾语，结合句意可知此处指“问我是不是丢了一只猫”，使用if/whether“是否”引导，故填if/whether。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他停下来帮忙，用一些暖和的东西把它包起来，并提供水和食物。结合“wrapping it with smething warm and ffering water and fd”可知，此处指“他停下来去帮忙”，使用stp t d sth，故填t help。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于没有项圈指引，他只好挨家挨户地找，直到找到我为止。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，首字母应大写，故填With。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Plgging, a cmbinatin f jgging and picking up litter, started as an ____14____ (rganize) activity arund 2016 and then gradually became ppular. As a wrkut, plgging is mre efficient than simply running because it ____15____ (fcus) n bth envirnmental prtectin and persnal health. Plus, every piece f litter we pick up during plgging cntributes t a ____16____ (clean) and mre beautiful envirnment. This activity is a win-win situatin: we take care f Mther Nature while taking care f ____17____ (we).
【答案】14. rganized
15. fcuses
16. cleaner
17. urselves
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的运动“跑步捡垃圾”及其好处。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：跑步捡垃圾是慢跑和捡垃圾的结合，在2016年左右开始作为一项有组织的活动，然后逐渐流行起来。空处修饰名词activity，应填形容词作定语，rganized“有组织的”，形容词，故填rganized。
【15题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为一种锻炼，跑步捡垃圾比单纯的跑步更有效，因为它既注重环境保护，又注重个人健康。结合句意及空前的is可知，此处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语it表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填fcuses。
【16题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，我们捡起的每一块垃圾都有助于营造一个更清洁、更美丽的环境。空处和“mre beautiful”并列，故此处用形容词比较级，故填cleaner。
17题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：这个活动是一个双赢的局面：我们在照顾自己的同时照顾大自然。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词，故填urselves。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Lckers have lng been a schl traditin, but are they still necessary? Sme students argue lckers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They als serve as valuable scial spaces ____18____ friendships frm. Hwever, mre students are using laptps and nline cntent t study and wrk n assignments, making lckers ____19____ (necessary). S, if schls remve lckers, mst f which are very ld, mre space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it t display artwrk r ther creative prjects, which will bring students tgether.
【答案】18. where
19. unnecessary
20. will be created
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校储物柜的必要性及其可能的替代用途。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们也作为宝贵的社交空间，友谊在这里形成。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是spaces，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在储物柜这个社交空间中形成友谊”，应用关系副词when引导。故填where
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，更多学生使用笔记本电脑和在线内容学习，使储物柜变得不必要。根据上下文逻辑，科技手段的普及使储物柜的功能被弱化，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary“不必要的”，作宾语补足语。故填unnecessary。
【20题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Science Prgram (SSP) is a unique immersin experience with a strng culture that has evlved ver mre than half a century. It is designed t challenge and inspire talented and mtivated high schl students frm arund the wrld. Here, yung peple discver their limits, and then vercme them by wrking tgether. Thrugh infrmal interactins with faculty, participants receive guidance n cllege and majr selectin, helping them becme mre reflective applicants.
There is n applicatin fee. While a prgram fee exists, need-based aid funded by ur generus dnrs allws participants frm lwer-incme families t attend at a fee they can affrd.
◆ What t Expect
Unlike traditinal cursewrk, the prgram ffers hands-n pprtunities, allwing participants t d science, nt just learn abut it. Wrking in teams f three, they tackle real-wrld challenges while develping critical skills like time management.
Classrm and lab sessins are scheduled six days a week. Classrm time centers n building a fundatin in experimental science and the team’s specific research tpic. Each team studies its wn target, perfrming the research frm data cllectin t final reprting.
The prgram als includes a Guest Lecture Series, featuring presentatins by renwned scientists and trained prfessinals wh ffer valuable scientific insights and experiences.
Upn cmpletin, the prgram prvides a letter f participatin (nt an evaluatin), thugh participants may request recmmendatins frm faculty. The prgram perates under a Cde f Hnr, with n tests r grades.
◆ Hw t Apply
Once yu begin yur applicatin, we recmmend cnsidering the fllwing:
Online submissin f final research track chice by deadline
Full participatin withut ther prgrams during the prgram
A statement f research expectatins demnstrating yur persnal mtivatin fr the prgram and utlining what yu hpe t gain frm it
The nly academic precnditin is t cmplete specific curses needed fr the prgram fr a grade and credit by June 2025. We d nt require AP r advanced level classes and self-study des nt qualify. We will nt cllect r cnsider standardized test scres fr admissin fr 2025(including PSAT, ACT/SAT, and APs).
If yu have any questins, please read ur FAQ r visit ur website
21. What d we knw abut SSP?
A. It is free f charge.
B. It is famus fr its lng histry.
C It is pen t high schl students.
D. It is aimed at cultural cmmunicatin.
22. What d participants in SSP d?
A. D research in pairs.
B. Learn science by ding.
C. Take tests n a regular basis.
D. Cperate with guest lecturers.
23. T apply fr the prgram, ne shuld ______.
A. pass standardized testsB. submit a research prpsal
C. finish the required curseD. prvide a recmmendatin letter
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“It is designed t challenge and inspire talented and mtivated high schl students frm arund the wrld.(它旨在挑战和激励来自世界各地有才华和上进的高中生)”可知，SSP针对的是高中生。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike traditinal cursewrk, the prgram ffers hands-n pprtunities, allwing participants t d science, nt just learn abut it.(与传统的课程不同，该项目提供了动手的机会，让参与者做科学，而不仅仅是学习)”可知，参与者在实践中学习科学。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The nly academic precnditin is t cmplete specific curses needed fr the prgram fr a grade and credit by June 2025.(唯一的学术前提条件是在2025年6月之前完成该计划所需的特定课程以获得成绩和学分)”可知，要申请这个项目，必须完成特定课程。故选C。
B
Last year, I tk my first trip t Sheffield, where my new friend Esme lived. Frm the mment we stepped ff the train, strangers spke t us — making small talk with an penness and warmth I hadn’t expected. Then a cuple apprached us, asking if we culd witness their wedding. They explained that they were suppsed t have a lw-key wedding, but had missed their first appintment at the register ffice because f delayed trains. They had been able t reschedule, but had n witnesses fr the ceremny. Desperately, they asked us if we wuld like t step in.
On hearing this, the part f me raised n suspicin awakened. But anther part that leans int trust and curisity tld me t say yes. I was raised t apprach strangers with cautin. My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had t be earned; they had seen the risks that cme with being vulnerable (脆弱的) in a new envirnment. Being watchful f the unfamiliar was their way f ensuring we stayed safe. As I gt lder, their anxieties became my wn. Yet there was smething charming abut the cuple’s sincerity, s we agreed.
We arrived at the register ffice with secnds t spare. It was just the six f us: tw lvers, tw friends and tw registrars — pairs cnnected in different ways, yet all sharing in the quiet magic f the mment. The ceremny was quick and tuching, and I teared up n several ccasins. The simplicity f it felt meaningful. T me, their wedding symblized an act f bravery. Trusting cmplete strangers t witness ne f the mst significant mments f their lives seemed n small challenge — they had n guarantees, just a belief in human kindness, and smehw, that faith had been rewarded.
Lking back, I can’t help but think f hw my parents might have reacted if I’d tld them I was ging t be witnessing a cuple’s wedding with smene I had nly recently met. But, ever since, I have made a cnscius effrt t acknwledge life’s uncertainties and accept them where pssible. It’s easy t live life with a prtective layer, but it can lead t lneliness. Mments f cnnectin are precius, and smetimes it’s wrth taking a risk.
24. Why did the cuple ask fr help?
A. Because they missed the train.
B. Because they needed witnesses.
C. Because they tried t start small talk.
D. Because they wanted t share their jy.
25. The authr hesitated at first due t ______.
A. unsafe envirnmentB. a lack f curisity
C. inbrn distrustD. a planted belief
26. What can we learn frm the authr’s experience?
A. Many hands make light wrk.
B. One gd turn deserves anther.
C. A jy shared can be a jy dubled.
D. A leap f faith may unlck delights.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲作者摆脱自己根深蒂固的观念，和朋友一起为一对陌生夫妇见证婚礼仪式，最终收获了感动。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They had been able t reschedule, but had n witnesses fr the ceremny. Desperately, they asked us if we wuld like t step in.(他们可以重新安排时间，但没有证人出席仪式。他们绝望地问我们是否愿意介入)”可知，那对夫妻请求帮助是因为他们找不到人见证仪式，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was raised t apprach strangers with cautin. My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had t be earned; they had seen the risks that cme with being vulnerable (脆弱的) in a new envirnment. Being watchful f the unfamiliar was their way f ensuring we stayed safe. As I gt lder, their anxieties became my wn.(我从小就被教导要谨慎对待陌生人。我的父母向我灌输信任必须要赢得的观念；他们已经看到了在新环境中脆弱所带来的风险。对不熟悉的事物保持警惕是他们确保我们安全的方式。随着年龄的增长，他们的焦虑变成了我自己的焦虑)”可知，作者从小就被教育要谨慎对待陌生人，对不熟悉的事物保持警惕，所以有所怀疑，所以作者一开始犹豫是因为一种根深蒂固的观念，故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Trusting cmplete strangers t witness ne f the mst significant mments f their lives seemed n small challenge — they had n guarantees, just a belief in human kindness. and smehw, that faith had been rewarded.(让完全陌生的人见证他们生命中最重要的时刻似乎不是一个小挑战——他们没有任何保证，只是相信人性是善良的。不知何故，这种信念得到了回报)”和最后一段中“It’s easy t live life with a prtective layer, but it can lead t lneliness. Mments f cnnectin are precius, and smetimes it’s wrth taking a risk.(有保护层的生活很容易，但它会导致孤独。联系的时刻是宝贵的，有时值得冒一下险)”可知，作者摆脱根深蒂固的要对陌生人保持警惕的观念，和朋友一起为一对陌生夫妇见证婚礼仪式，最终收获了感动，故从作者的经历中可推知信任的飞跃可能会带来快乐，故选D。
C
Have yu ever felt as thugh the temperatures yur lcal weather app reprted failed t capture hw it felt utside? Well, yu were right. As heat waves becme mre intense and mre frequent, we need t change the way we think abut utdr temperatures. What matters is nt hw ht the air is but hw ht the weather is t a human bdy. Fr that, we need “wet-bulb glbe temperature”.
Wet-bulb temperature, which athletic rganizatins, the military and regulatrs have used fr decades, cmes frm a device with three thermmeters t better capture hw heat stresses the bdy The first is a basic thermmeter, which measures the air temperature. The secnd is a thermmeter inside a black ball, which captures the heat ur bdies absrb frm direct sunlight. The third is a thermmeter cvered in a wet clth, mimicking ur bdy’s ability t cl itself with sweat and accunting fr factrs such as humidity (湿度) and air mvement. The three readings are cmbined using a weighting system t prduce the wet-bulb temperature.
Wet-bulb temperature might sund like the “heat index” — that is, when yur lcal weatherpersn says, “It’s 90 degrees, but it’s ging t feel like 98 because f humidity” — and there are similarities. But there are als critical differences.
The heat index assumes yu’re in the shade and resting, but being in direct sunlight can add 15 degrees t the heat index. One way t understand the value f using wet temperatures is t lk at maps cmparing them with the mre familiar “dry” temperatures. Take Fresn, Calif., which is frecast-t reach 102 degrees. But humidity is lw, s the crrespnding wet-bulb temperature is 80. New Yrk City, fr cmparisn, is frecast t be 98, but humidity will be high, putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88 — and making cnditins even mre dangerus than in Fresn.
Dn’t get me wrng. I just want t stress that we cannt ignre the even mre dangerus weather happening elsewhere that might be less bvius. Of curse, it will take time fr the public t becme familiar with wet-bulb temperatures. The dwnside is that, because they are generally lwer than dry temperatures r the heat index, peple culd misinterpret them. The slutin is t educate peple abut why they’re necessary.
Plicymakers have strategies t prtect against extreme heat. Fr example, Prtland, Ore, has begun distributing free air cnditiners. Simple infrastructure enhancements such as white rfs can reflect the sun’s heat and incming slar radiatin. And planting mre trees adjacent t buildings helps reduce temperatures and heat deaths.
But these measures matter nly if peple and cmpanies are aware there’s an issue, which means using the right data. The gal shuld be t help peple experiencing extreme heat t prtect themselves. We have the tls t measure this crrectly; we just need t use them.
27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The develpment f high-tech thermmeters.
B. The measurement f wet-bulb temperature.
C. The standard f temperature classificatin.
D The applicatin f a weighting system.
28. It is implied in this passage that ______.
A. dry temperatures can be misleading
B. wet temperature is higher than heat index
C. intense heat paired with lw humidity can be risky
D. ptential dangers f extreme heat shuld be stressed
29. As fr current heat-fighting strategies, the authr thinks ______.
A. they may fail t deliver
B. they shuld be mnitred
C. they ught t be diversified
D. they can raise heat awareness
30. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T illustrate a cnceptB. T make a cmparisn.
C. T prpse a practice.D. T present a phenmenn.
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湿球温度这一概念，包括其测量方法、与其他温度指标的区别，以及强调使用湿球温度数据对于应对极端高温、保护人们免受高温危害的重要性。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“Wet-bulb temperature, which athletic rganizatins, the military and regulatrs have used fr decades, cmes frm a device with three thermmeters t better capture hw heat stresses the bdy. (几十年来，体育组织、军方和监管机构一直在使用湿球温度，它来自一个带有三个温度计的设备，以更好地捕捉热量对身体的压力)”可知，本段主要介绍了测量湿球温度的方法，即通过一个带有三个温度计的设备，结合三种不同的温度读数，并使用加权系统来产生湿球温度。因此，本段的主要内容是湿球温度的测量。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Take Fresn, Calif., which is frecast-t reach 102 degrees. But humidity is lw, s the crrespnding wet-bulb temperature is 80. New Yrk City, fr cmparisn, is frecast t be 98, but humidity will be high, putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88 — and making cnditins even mre dangerus than in Fresn. (以加利福尼亚州的弗雷斯诺为例，该地预报气温将达到102华氏度。但湿度较低，所以相应的湿球温度是80华氏度。作为对比，纽约市预报气温为98华氏度，但湿度较高，使得湿球温度达到88华氏度，这使得纽约的情况比弗雷斯诺更加危险)”可知，干球温度（即文中提到的一般所说的温度）不能完全反映实际的危险程度，会让人产生误解，以为温度高的地方就更危险，而忽略了湿度等其他因素对实际体感温度和危险程度的影响。所以干球温度可能具有误导性。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But these measures matter nly if peple and cmpanies are aware there’s an issue, which means using the right data. (但这些措施只有在人们和公司意识到存在问题时才重要，这意味着要使用正确的数据)”可知，作者认为当前应对高温的策略取决于人们是否意识到问题以及是否使用正确的数据，言外之意目前这些策略可能无法发挥作用。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We have the tls t measure this crrectly; we just need t use them (我们有正确测量（极端高温）的工具，我们只需要使用它们)” 以及前文对湿球温度的介绍和其重要性的阐述可知，文章的目的是提议人们使用湿球温度这一正确的测量方式和数据来应对极端高温，即提议一种实践做法。故选C。
D
Fr almst tw centuries, newspapers have been n a jurney int the mass market which gave them scale, reputatin and prfit but which has nw reached its end. They mstly abandned dependence n subscriptins and instead sld belw prductin cst as a way t attract readers t sell t advertisers.
Since the Internet tk ff, the print media’s advertising-supprted business mdel has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad prfits have fallen by abut 80%, while circulatin has rughly fallen by half. Thugh nline traffic has risen, prfit frm digital advertising has failed t ffset (抵消) the prfit draining ut f print. “Platfrms have becme the new kings f the media landscape,” says the Cmpetitin and Markets Authrity, a regulatr.
This pwer shift has led newspapers in many cuntries t turn t authrities fr help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a lud vice, they have generated sympathy. Hw much they deserve it is anther matter.
The wrld is filled with businesses trn apart by the digital revlutin withut anyne rushing t the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supprts grass-rts jurnalism, which, thugh ften lss-making, supprts fairness and equality. That is reasnable. Yet it is mixed with ther mtivatins, such as the desire t chke the tech giants. The result is a range f interventins aimed at putting the pressure n big tech.
Mindful f the utcry, big tech is ffering a handut, prmising $1bn ver three years t newspapers t prvide news cntent fr its site. Sme publishers saw it as an unstated admissin that big tech shuld pay fr news.
If anything, the gratitude fr big tech’s genersity shws hw desperate newspapers are fr payment f any kind. Mre t the pint, it will nt change the underlying ecnmics f the glbal newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business mdel was living n fumes even befre the Internet ate the wrld this century. Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin, suggesting that prfits were supprted by ecnmic and ppulatin grwth, nt because the industry was prducing a mre ppular prduct.
Claims that the tech giants are rbbing newspapers fr prfit sund far-fetched, t. The real failure is that papers have lst cntrl f distributin t platfrms, making it harder t mnetise the traffic. This is a mistake sme cntent industries, such as vide-streaming and music, have avided. Nrever, sme f the advertising dllars made by big tech came frm bringing new firms int the market, rather than taking nline advertisers frm newspapers.
S ignre the cmplaining f ld-media cmpanies in distress and lk instead at hw sme newspapers have already adapted t the digital invasin. Als sme digital publicatins with a newswrthy fcus are thriving. The questin f wh pays fr public-interest jurnalism remains unanswered. But few think it ught t be tech giants. That wuld “undermine the principles f an independent press”.
31. Why des the authr cite the statistics in Paragraph 2?
A. T prve the decline f print media.
B. T emphasize the ppularity f platfrms.
C. T indicate the imprtance f digital advertising.
D T demnstrate the incnsistency in subscriptins.
32. The underlined phrase “was living n fumes” in Paragraph 6 prbably means ______.
A. was taking ffB. was mving frward
C. was falling apartD. was struggling alng
33. Which f the fllwing may the authr agree with?
A. The platfrm shuld supprt grass-rts jurnalism.
B. The ld media shuld prduce marketable prducts.
C. New nline advertisers shuld be intrduced.
D. Effective interventins shuld be made.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where is the Digital Age leading the press?
B. Are nline platfrms really a way ut?
C. Hw the Internet impacts ld media?
D. Shuld big tech save newspapers?
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad prfits have fallen by abut 80%, while circulatin has rughly fallen by half.(在过去的20年里，报纸的广告利润下降了大约80%，而发行量大约下降了一半)”可知，此处引用数据是为了证明印刷媒体的衰落，故选A。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living n fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin, suggesting that prfits were supprted by ecnmic and ppulatin grwth, nt because the industry was prducing a mre ppular prduct.(发行量相对于人口也有所下降，这表明利润是由经济和人口增长支撑的，而不是因为该行业在生产更受欢迎的产品)”可知，旧媒体应该生产适销对路的产品，故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“The questin f wh pays fr public-interest jurnalism remains unanswered. But few think it ught t be tech giants. That wuld ‘undermine the principles f an independent press’.(谁为公共新闻买单的问题仍然没有答案。但很少有人认为应该是科技巨头。这将‘破坏新闻独立的原则’)”可知，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救，D项“科技巨头应该拯救报纸吗？”最适合作为标题，故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
After seeing nline advertising fr “Willy’s Cbclate Experience”, peple paid up t £80 each t attend. But it wasn’t as prmised: instead f wndrus creatins and an abundance f chclate, families arrived at a mstly abandned warehuse featuring a sad-lking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were prduced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just ne example f a cmmn prblem in ur digitalised wrld. Yet even as deceptin (欺骗) grws mre cmplicated, cuntermeasures are being develped.
There is an arms race ging n in the digital wrld. ____35____ Understanding that evlutinary cnflict can help us beat thse wh aim t lie t us. Disinfrmatin certainly predates the existence f humans. Cancer cells, fr example, trick the immune system int treating them as a nrmal part f the bdy, causing white bld cells useless against them.
____36____ Cucks lay their eggs in the nests f ther birds. The fster parents are then deceived int raising the yung f thers at the expense f their wn. Mre cmplex are cases where wild tufted capuchin mnkeys may scream as thugh a predatr (捕食者) is nearby t trick their fellw primates int running away frm fd. ____37____
This links t the Red Queen hypthesis, which refers t a case where tw rganisms cmpete t utsmart each ther. ____38____ Cucks cmpete with hst birds. Primates cmpete with each ther. In each cnflict, a new strategy by ne party frces the ther t adapt — r face eliminatin in the cld game f natural selectin.
Disinfrmatin tday is a mre cmplex versin f the false mnkey screams. The gd news is that we knw enugh abut evlutinary thinking t predict which steps bad actrs will take next. ____39____ We have nvel ways t trick it int evlving a weakness that we then take advantage f, a prcess called “evlutinary trapping”. Similarly, we knw smene will try t utfx the tls being develped t cunter deepfakes. We can predict what the next frm f deepfake will lk like, then prevent it.
A. Bdies cmpete with cancers.
B. We d this already with cancer.
C. They then take the fd fr themselves.
D. They becme mre intelligent with each trick.
E. We see disinfrmatin strategies amng animals, t.
F. We need t use ur understanding t make traps f ur wn.
G. But the cmpetitin between deceptin and hnesty is as ld as life n Earth.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字化世界中欺骗与反欺骗的“军备竞赛”，并通过自然界中的例子（如癌细胞、杜鹃鸟、卷尾猴等）类比说明这种对抗的进化本质。
【35题详解】
根据文章第二段首句“There is an arms race ging n in the digital wrld.(数字世界正在进行一场军备竞赛)”以及后文“Understanding that evlutinary cnflict can help us beat thse wh aim t lie t us. Disinfrmatin certainly predates the existence f humans.(理解那种进化冲突可以帮助我们打败那些想对我们撒谎的人。虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在了。)”提到的进化冲突（evlutinary cnflict）与虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在可知，此处需强调欺骗与诚实的对抗历史悠久。选项G“但欺骗与诚实的竞争与地球生命一样古老”与此呼应，衔接后文对自然界欺骗策略的讨论。故选G。
【36题详解】
下文“Cucks lay their eggs in the nests f ther birds. The fster parents are then deceived int raising the yung f thers at the expense f their wn. Mre cmplex are cases where wild tufted capuchin mnkeys may scream as thugh a predatr (捕食者) is nearby t trick their fellw primates int running away frm fd.(杜鹃在别的鸟巢里下蛋。然后养父母被欺骗，以牺牲自己的孩子为代价抚养别人的孩子。更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”列举了杜鹃鸟和卷尾猴的欺骗行为，因此可知，此处总结动物界的虚假信息策略。选项E“我们在动物中也看到了虚假信息策略”是对本段内容的概括。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Mre cmplex are cases where wild tufted capuchin mnkeys may scream as thugh a predatr(捕食者)is nearby t trick their fellw primates int running away frm fd.(更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”可知，猴子通过虚假警告独占食物。选项C“然后它们独占食物”承接上文，阐述前文行为的最终目的和结果。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据前文“This links t the Red Queen hypthesis, which refers t a case where tw rganisms cmpete t utsmart each ther.(这与红皇后假说有关，该假说指的是两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方的情况。)”提到的红皇后假说，两个生物竞争以智胜对方；后文“Cucks cmpete with hst birds. Primates cmpete with each ther.(杜鹃与宿主鸟类竞争，灵长类动物彼此竞争)”举例说明两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方，选项A“身体与癌症竞争。”承接上文，以癌症和身体的竞争为例阐释红皇后假说，与下文并列。与第二段的“Cancer cells, fr example, trick the immune system int treating them as a nrmal part f the bdy, causing white bld cells useless against them.(例如，癌细胞欺骗免疫系统，将其视为身体的正常部分，导致白细胞对其无效。)”形成呼应。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The gd news is that we knw enugh abut evlutinary thinking t predict which steps bad actrs will take next.(好消息是，我们对进化思维有足够的了解，可以预测不良行为者下一步会采取什么步骤。)”以及下文“We have nvel ways t trick it int evlving a weakness that we then take advantage f, a prcess called “evlutinary trapping”.(我们有新颖的方法来诱骗它进化出一个弱点，然后利用它，这个过程被称为‘进化陷阱’。）”可知，我们通过对进化思维的了解可以预测不良行为者的下一步，并在实践中进行运用，选项B“我们已对癌症这样做”提及人类已对癌症采取类似策略，符合语境，下文中的“it”指代选项中的“cancer”，选项中的“this”指代上文中的“predict which steps bad actrs will take next”。故选B。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
I started running cmpetitively almst as sn as I culd walk. I was three years ld when I jined in my first fficial race. My mm and bth f my brthers were runners, s the sprt was built int my life frm the beginning. When I was yung, I enjyed the freedm, jy, and sense f pwer running gave me. This pure, cncentrated lve f the sprt gave me wings that carried me thrugh even the tughest practices and races.
Hwever, as I gt lder, pressure began t build up. I was winning, but I lst sight f my real purpse as a runner: t have fun. I even began t fear hard wrkuts, knwing I wuld be disappinted if I didn’t achieve my gals. Befre the final seasn in my high schl career, I trained s hard that I gt exhausted and hurt my calf. Rather than pausing fr treatment and recvery, I chse t get t the line. But at last, I had t step ff the track because the pain was simply unbearable.
Recvery was tugh. When I was finally able t run again, I was ut f shape and culdn’t keep up with my team. Over the next three years, mre injuries fllwed. But later, a famus lng-distance runner Cathy’s pst changed everything fr me. “Every day, I make the chice t shw up and see what I’ve gt, and t try and be better. My advice: Keep shwing up.” With just a few wrds, she reminded me hw simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have t be perfect every day. I just had t shw up and give what I had.
Nw, I still run every day and have cmpleted fur marathns. Jy and gratitude are the center f my practice. Thanks t Cathy, I can always return t the calming belief that things will g my way if I just keep shwing up.
40. What did running bring t the authr when she was yung?
________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the authr n lnger enjy running later?
________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Inspired by Cathy’s pst, the authr realized that she had t fcus n pursuing perfectin.
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43. Frm the stry, what can yu learn abut “Keep shwing up”? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. The freedm, jy, and sense f pwer.
41. Because pressure began t build up.
42. Inspired by Cathy’s pst, the authr realized that she had t fcus n pursuing perfectin. Because the authr realized that she didn’t have t be perfect every day.
43. It means cnsistently trying withut demanding perfectin. By shwing up and ding yur best, prgress and jy will fllw naturally.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从童年时期开始参与竞技跑步，到随着年龄增长面临压力、失去跑步的初衷，再到因受伤而反思，最终在一位著名长跑运动员的启发下重新找回跑步的快乐与纯粹的过程。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was yung, I enjyed the freedm, jy, and sense f pwer running gave me.(当我年轻的时候，我喜欢跑步给我的自由、快乐和力量感)”可知，在作者年轻的时候，跑步给她带来了自由、快乐和力量的感觉。故答案为The freedm, jy, and sense f pwer.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Hwever, as I gt lder, pressure began t build up. I was winning, but I lst sight f my real purpse as a runner: t have fun. I even began t fear hard wrkuts, knwing I wuld be disappinted if I didn’t achieve my gals.(然而，随着年龄的增长，压力开始累积。我赢了，但我忘记了我作为一名跑步者的真正目的：获得乐趣。我甚至开始害怕艰苦的锻炼，因为我知道如果我没有达到我的目标我会很失望)”可知，因为压力开始累积，所以作者后来不再喜欢跑步了。故答案为Because pressure began t build up.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“But later, a famus lng-distance runner Cathy’s pst changed everything fr me. “Every day, I make the chice t shw up and see what I’ve gt, and t try and be better. My advice: Keep shwing up.” With just a few wrds, she reminded me hw simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have t be perfect every day. I just had t shw up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，受到Cathy帖子的启发，作者意识到不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴，所以“Inspired by Cathy’s pst, the authr realized that she had t fcus n pursuing perfectin.”中“had t fcus n pursuing perfectin.”是错误的，应改为The authr realized that she didn’t have t be perfect every day.故答案为Inspired by Cathy’s pst, the authr realized that she had t fcus n pursuing perfectin. Because the authr realized that she didn’t have t be perfect every day.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。要言之有理，注意词数限制。如：根据第三段“But later, a famus lng-distance runner Cathy’s pst changed everything fr me. “Every day, I make the chice t shw up and see what I’ve gt, and t try and be better. My advice: Keep shwing up.” With just a few wrds, she reminded me hw simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have t be perfect every day. I just had t shw up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，“Keep shwing up”意味着不断地尝试而不要求完美。通过表现和尽你最大的努力，进步和快乐自然会随之而来。故答案为It means cnsistently trying withut demanding perfectin. By shwing up and ding yur best, prgress and jy will fllw naturally.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校国际部学生Jim参与了学生会举办的五一劳动节志愿者活动，请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.回顾他的参与；
2.表达感谢。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
On behalf f the Student Unin, I’d like t thank yu fr yur active participatin in ur Labr Day vlunteer activity.
Yur devtin left a deep impressin n everyne. In the Temple f Heaven, yu greeted visitrs with a warm smile and patiently answered their questins at the infrmatin desk. As an English native speaker, yu can als speak gd Chinese. Yu cmmunicated fluently with visitrs frm hme and abrad. Yur help enabled them t have a better experience in Beijing.
We really appreciate what yu did. We lk frward t seeing yu in mre activities in the future.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校国际部学生Jim写一封电子邮件，回顾他参与的五一劳动节志愿者活动并表达感谢。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：n behalf f→represent
参与：participatin→invlvement
耐心地：patiently→with patience
使某人能够做某事：enable sb t d sth→make it pssible fr sb t d sth
2.句式拓展
改写同义句
原句：Yur help enabled them t have a better experience in Beijing.
拓展句：It was yur help that enabled them t have a better experience in Beijing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Yur help enabled them t have a better experience in Beijing.（运用了不定式作宾补）
【高分句型2】We really appreciate what yu did.（运用了what引导宾语从句）