北京市朝阳区2025届高三英语下学期二模考试试题含解析

这是一份北京市朝阳区2025届高三英语下学期二模考试试题含解析，文件包含2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用教师版docx、2026高考数学专题复习之历年真题分类汇编_专题五一元函数的导数及其应用学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共167页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“Hi, this is Sasha,” a yung wman sang ut as the custmer service line was finally cnnected. “Hw can I help yu tday?” Her tne annyed me. I was in n ____1____ fr pleasantries (客套).
My friends and I made a dinner reservatin at a fancy restaurant. The skirt I’d rdered frm this cmpany wuld be ____2____ fr it. This was the third time I’d rdered. And the third time I’d received the wrng item! Smene had t ____3____ this!
“Is this hw yu treat a 20-year custmer?” I demanded. “I’ve never seen such terrible ____4____. It’s a real shame, Sasha!”
Finally, I drew a breath and waited. After a mment, she ____5____ , nt in kind but in kindness. “I am s srry, Ms. Messner. I will g t find the crrect skirt myself. Can I put yu n hld briefly?”
Sn enugh, I heard her same calm vice again, “I just cnsulted my manager. We’ll send the skirt t yu at n ____6____ and refund yur mney in full. Als, yu’ll find a $50 gift card with it. I want yu t knw that we ____7____ yu as a custmer.”
“Thank yu, Sasha.” I hung up, ____8____ and disappinted in myself. I felt uneasy abut hw I’d treated the yung wman with the pleasant vice. In my years as a nurse, I’d taken calls frm angry peple. Their wrds had ften ____9____ me. And yet here was Sasha, ging ut f her way t slve my prblem.
The next mrning, I telephned the call center and gt thrugh t the manager, asking her t let Sasha knw I was srry. Nw when I feel myself getting impatient at wrk, I take a deep breath and say, as ____10____ as Sasha might, “What did yu say yur name was again?”
1 A. mdB. shapeC. hurryD. psitin
2. A. basicB. perfectC. rdinaryD. expensive
3. A. rely nB. agree withC. stick tD. answer fr
4. A. adviceB. serviceC. replyD. damage
5. A. claimedB. respndedC. criticizedD. whispered
6. A. lssB. riskC. pintD. charge
7. A. valueB. awardC. tlerateD. remember
8. A. relaxedB. cnfusedC. astnishedD. embarrassed
9. A. fledB. struckC. wundedD. frightened
10. A. smartlyB. directlyC. sweetlyD. seriusly
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因购物问题发脾气后，被客服的善意感动并反思自己行为的经过，表达了对宽容与理解的感悟。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没心情客套。A. md情绪，心情；B. shape形状；C. hurry匆忙；D. psitin位置。根据前文“Her tne annyed me.”可知，作者被客服的语气惹恼了，所以没有心情客套，in n md fr sth.是固定搭配，意为“没有心情做某事”。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在这家公司订的裙子很适合这次晚餐。A. basic基本的；B. perfect完美的，适合的；C. rdinary普通的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据前文“My friends and I made a dinner reservatin at a fancy restaurant.”可知，作者订购的裙子是为了去高档餐厅穿的，所以应该是很适合的，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：必须有人为此负责！A. rely n依靠；B. agree with同意；C. stick t坚持；D. answer fr对……负责。根据前文“And the third time I’d received the wrng item!”可知，作者三次收到错的商品，所以觉得应该有人对此负责，故选D。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未见过如此糟糕的服务。A. advice建议；B. service服务；C. reply回复；D. damage损害。根据前文“And the third time I’d received the wrng item!”可知，作者因为收到错误的商品而生气，认为这是糟糕的服务，故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，她回应了，不是以同样的语气，而是带着善意。A. claimed声称；B. respnded回应；C. criticized批评；D. whispered低语。根据前文“Finally, I drew a breath and waited.”可知，作者等着客服回应，这里指客服对作者的抱怨做出回应，故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会免费把裙子寄给您，并全额退款。A. lss损失；B. risk风险；C. pint要点；D. charge费用。根据后文“refund yur mney in full”可知，全额退款意味着免费，at n charge为固定短语，意为“免费”，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让您知道，我们很重视您这位顾客。A. value重视；B. award授予；C. tlerate容忍；D. remember记得。根据前文“We’ll send the skirt t yu at n 6 and refund yur mney in full. Als, yu’ll find a $50 gift card with it.”可知，客服表示会采取一系列措施补偿作者，是为了让作者知道公司重视她这个顾客，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我挂断电话，既尴尬又对自己感到失望。A. relaxed放松的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. astnished惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文作者对客服发火，而客服态度很好，可知作者对自己之前对客服不礼貌的态度感到不好意思，所以是尴尬的，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的话经常伤害到我。A. fled愚弄；B. struck打击；C. wunded伤害（感情等）；D. frightened使害怕。根据前文“In my years as a nurse, I’d taken calls frm angry peple.”可知，作者作为护士接到过愤怒的人的电话，他们的话会伤害到作者的感情，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我在工作中感到不耐烦时，我会深吸一口气，像萨沙一样温柔地说：“你刚才说你叫什么名字来着？”A. smartly聪明地；B. directly直接地；C. sweetly温柔地，甜美地；D. seriusly严肃地。根据前文“but in kindness”及“I heard her same calm vice”可知，萨沙服务态度很好，说话温柔，所以这里作者像萨沙一样温柔地说话，故选C。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tang Wensheng, 81, brn in New Yrk, is an utstanding Chinese ____11____ (interpret). She wrked fr China’s tp leaders during the 1970s. “I think it was a privilege and a learning experience,” Tang said. Her mastery f language and extensive insights ____12____ freign affairs enabled her t handle high-level dialgues smthly. Thanks t her lifetime dedicatin t the field, Tang ____13____ (hnr) with the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translatin in 2024.
【答案】11. interpreter
12. int 13. was hnred
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了81岁的唐闻生作为杰出中文口译员的成就及荣誉。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：81岁的唐闻生出生于纽约，是一位杰出的中国口译员。根据句意和“an”可知，此处应填interpret的名词形式interpreter，表示“口译员”。故填interpreter。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：她对语言的掌握以及对外交事务广泛的见解使她能够顺利处理高层对话。insights int...是固定搭配，意为“对……的见解”，故填int。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于她一生都致力于这个领域，唐闻生在2024 年被授予翻译终身成就奖。根据时间状语“in 2024”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Tang与hnr之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填was hnred。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The essence f learning is extreme repetitin and persistence until yu becme experienced thrugh practice, skilled enugh ___14___ (apply) what yu gain and eventually frm muscle memry. Real change never cmes vernight unless yu accept the lng and slw prcess, ___15___ (set) aside impatience and anxiety. Extreme repetitin is als a cntinuus explratin f imprvement. Each attempt brings small imprvements and each failure ___16___ (teach) yu different strategies. With effrt, yu can becme a better self, which is the true meaning f learning.
【答案】14. t apply
15. setting
16. teaches
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习的本质是反复练习、坚持不懈并最终形成肌肉记忆。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：学习的本质是反复练习和坚持，直到你通过实践变得有经验，足够熟练地运用你所获得的东西，并最终形成肌肉记忆。此处是“adj.+enugh+t d sth.”结构，意为“足够……做某事”，为固定搭配，用不定式作结果状语。故填t apply。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的改变从来不会在一夜之间发生，除非你接受漫长而缓慢的过程，抛开急躁和焦虑。unless引导的条件状语从句已有谓语动词accept ，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词短语set aside与其逻辑主语yu之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故填setting。
【16题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一次尝试都会带来微小的进步，每一次失败都会教会你不同的策略。根据空前brings可知，空处为and之后的并列分句的谓语动词，需用一般现在时态，描述客观事实，主语是each failure，第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词需用第三人称单数teaches。故填teaches。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Recently, many western musical artists have released their live albums — a frmat ___17___ has seemingly lst its appeal. Cmpared t studi wrk, a live album is mre pwerful ___18___ musicians nly get ne sht t deliver a perfrmance. Fr pp stars, smetimes ___19___ (accuse) f using aut tune t plish their singings, live perfrmance prves their talent. Cncerts are ccasins that fans want t remember, s they keep vides n, their phnes. Similarly, a live album allws fans t relive the experience and enjy ___20___ (they) as if they were in the scene.
【答案】17. which##that
18. because
19. accused
20. themselves
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现场专辑的魅力和对粉丝的意义。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最近，许多西方音乐艺术家发行了他们的现场专辑——一种似乎已经失去吸引力的形式。空处需用关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a frmat，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：与录音室作品相比，现场专辑更有力量，因为音乐家只有一次机会来表演。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间是因果关系，所以空处需用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于被指责使用自动调音来润色歌声的流行歌星来说，现场表演证明了他们的才华。本句已有谓语动词prves，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词accuse与其逻辑主语pp stars之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作状语。故填accused。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：同样，现场专辑让粉丝们可以重温这种体验，享受其中，就像他们在现场一样。enjy neself“玩得开心”，固定搭配，所以空处需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the latest Student Experience Survey, yu tld us that yu want nging services and supprt t succeed in yur studies. We heard yu and, as a result, University f Wllngng Australia (UOW) has intrduced Studisity — a free nline service that prvides guidance and feedback n yur academic skills, 24/7.
Hw des Studisity wrk?
Uplad yur written draft and within 24 hurs a Studisity cnsultant specialising in English will send it back with relevant cmments, suggestins and encuragement. This might include analyzing an assignment questin, prviding advice n research skills, r imprving grammar and structure, etc.
If yu prefer t wrk thrugh yur questins with a real persn, yu can d that via an interactive classrm using chat, a cllabrative whitebard and file sharing. This might include discussing specific issues in yur writing r wrking thrugh math r science questins.
Please nte that UOW students can have 15 interactins with Studisity per sessin. Each writing feedback submissin r cnnect live sessin cunts as ne interactin. The number f Studisity interactins yu have remaining is displayed n the right-hand side f yur Studisity prtal (门户网站).
Hw t access Studisity?
Frm the beginning f sessin, yu will be able t access yur free Studisity accunt in mst Mdle subject sites. Click n the “Studisity: 24/7 study help” link.
If Studisity isn’t visible, register in the Studisity (UOW) Mdle site and click the link there. After clicking the link, yu will be directed t yur accunt setup. Create a memrable4-digit PIN. Yu will als need t agree t the Studisity Privacy and Ckies Plicy and Acceptable Use Plicy, which will prvide Studisity with yur name, UOW email address, and subject ID.
Start using Studisity tday and unlck yur full ptential!
21. UOW intrduces Studisity t __________.
A. prvide free nline cursesB. assist students in their studies
C. cllect students’ written feedbackD. cnduct the Student Experience Survey
22. With Studisity, students can _____________.
A. share files with each therB. jin nline discussin grups
C. btain advice n plishing their writingD. receive unlimited feedback n assignments
23. What are required fr UOW students t access Studisity?
A. A registratin fee and a subject ID.
B. A 4-digit PIN and agreement t privacy plicies.
C. A persnal email address and Studisity accunt.
D. A memrable username and a Mdle subject link.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚伍伦贡大学为学生提供的在线学术支持服务Studisity。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In the latest Student Experience Survey, yu tld us that yu want nging services and supprt t succeed in yur studies. We heard yu and, as a result, University f Wllngng Australia (UOW) has intrduced Studisity — a free nline service that prvides guidance and feedback n yur academic skills, 24/7. (在最新的学生体验调查中，你们告诉我们，为了在学业上取得成功，你们需要持续的服务和支持。我们听取了你们的意见，因此，澳大利亚伍伦贡大学（UOW）推出了“Studisity”——一项免费的在线服务，它能提供学术技能方面的指导和反馈，全天候服务)”可知，UOW推出Studisity是为了在学习上帮助学生。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hw des Studisity wrk?部分中“Uplad yur written draft and within 24 hurs a Studisity cnsultant specialising in English will send it back with relevant cmments, suggestins and encuragement. This might include analyzing an assignment questin, prviding advice n research skills, r imprving grammar and structure, etc. (上传你的书面草稿，24小时内，一位专门研究英语的Studisity顾问会将其发回，并附上相关评论、建议和鼓励。这可能包括分析作业问题、提供研究技能建议或改进语法和结构等)”可知，有了Studisity，学生可以得到关于润色他们写作的建议。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Create a memrable 4-digit PIN. Yu will als need t agree t the Studisity Privacy and Ckies Plicy and Acceptable Use Plicy, which will prvide Studisity with yur name, UOW email address, and subject ID. (创建一个令人难忘的4位数密码。你还需要同意Studisity的隐私和Ckie政策以及可接受的使用政策，这将为Studisity提供你的姓名、UOW电子邮件地址和科目ID)”可知，UOW的学生需要4位数密码和同意隐私政策才能访问Studisity。故选B。
B
Writing is a bug, and I caught it very early n in life. When my parents cleared their strage rm ut recently, they fund The Stry Bk Special I wrte when I was nine years ld. I culdn’t believe my imaginatin was s wild. Reading it reminded me f hw special wrds had been t me at an early age. It’s a feeling that has lasted, thrugh my schl years and far, far beynd.
At the age f 18, I jined Kent Plice and spent twelve years living every little by’s dream f driving cars fast and playing cps and rbbers fr real. It’s safe t say it’s a career I’d still be in nw, if nt fr what happened when I was 28.
I was a fit man when, unexpectedly, I was diagnsed with an incurable heart disease. It’s the disease yu hear f when a sprtspersn suddenly drps dead n the field f play. But, yu knw what, it’s ne f the best things t have happened t me.
When this happened, I made a t-d list. At the tp f it was t write a full-length, “prper” bk. I wrte the first draft f my first nvel in three mnths and lved every minute f the prcess. I knew this was what I wanted t d, mre than anything, and getting int publishing can’t be that hard... right? Wrng!
As every authr knws, brick walls are everywhere, and when yu knck ne dwn, there’s anther ne. After a few false starts, I cupled with my wnderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight slid mnths editing and sent the manuscript ff. Once again, we received sme dressed-up “n’s”, until Rachel, an editr I’d really wanted t wrk with, read it. Her visin fr the bk is exactly cnsistent with mine!
Nw my first nvel is ptined fr televisin, and is in the hands f a wnderful prductin team bth here in Lndn, and in Australia where it will be filmed.
Writing is what I lve, and seeing my little stry bk frm when I was nine really drve it hme t me. We dn’t ften get anther chance in life, but I was given ne when I survived smething tragically fatal. Nw, with my secnd chance, I’m giving it the best g I can.
24. Hw did the authr feel when reading The Stry Bk Special?
A. Nervus.B. Relieved.C. Prud.D. Ashamed.
25. After being tld he had heart disease the authr decided t ___________.
A. get a jb in publishingB. cntinue wrking as a pliceman
C. pick up a new hbbyD. pursue his passin fr wrds
26. What happened when the authr acted n his t-d list?
A. His first nvel was turned dwn many times.
B. He adapted his nvel and filmed it in Australia.
C. He wrked with a c-authr t imprve the draft.
D. His cntinuus effrts earned Rachel’s appreciatin.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Tw heads are better than ne.B. A little bit mre sums up success.
C. It’s hard t change ne’s nature.D. A setback is a setup fr a cmeback.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者从小热爱写作，患病后坚持写作并取得成果的经历。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I culdn’t believe my imaginatin was s wild. Reading it reminded me f hw special wrds had been t me at an early age.(我不敢相信我的想象力如此丰富。阅读它让我想起在很小的时候，文字对我来说是多么特别)”可知，作者读自己九岁时写的《特别故事书》时感到很自豪。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“When this happened, I made a t-d list. At the tp f it was t write a full-length, ‘prper’ bk.(当这一切发生时，我列了一个待办事项清单。排在首位的是写一本完整的、‘像样的’书)”可知，在被诊断出患有心脏病后，作者决定追求他对文字的热爱。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“After a few false starts, I cupled with my wnderful agent, Nicky. We spent eight slid mnths editing and sent the manuscript ff. Once again, we received sme dressed-up ‘n’s’, until Rachel, an editr I’d really wanted t wrk with, read it.(在几次失败的尝试后，我和我出色的经纪人尼基合作。我们花了整整八个月的时间进行编辑，然后把稿子寄了出去。我们再次收到了一些委婉的拒绝，直到我想合作的编辑雷切尔读了它)”可知，当作者按照待办事项清单行事时，他的第一部小说被多次拒绝。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We dn’t ften get anther chance in life, but I was given ne when I survived smething tragically fatal. Nw, with my secnd chance, I’m giving it the best g I can.(我们一生中往往没有第二次机会，但当我在一场致命的悲剧中幸存下来时，我得到了第二次机会。现在，有了第二次机会，我会尽我所能去争取)”可知，我们能从这篇文章中学到挫折是东山再起的铺垫。故选D。
C
Chink salmn and their habitats in Seattle’s Thrntn Creek suffered severely due t urban expansin, causing flash flds and bidiversity lss. Despite restratin effrts, the nce-abundant salmn all but disappeared. During a cnference, bilgist Katherine Lynch prpsed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanizatin.
Lynch has been studying the hyprheic zne, a layer f wet sediment (沉积物), small stnes and tiny creatures beneath the streambed. It facilitates water mixing and xygen delivery t salmn eggs, earning the nickname “liver f the river.” The disappearance f this zne threatens the health f waterways. Lynch recgnized that, hwever, mst restratin effrts in Seattle verlked it r discnnected it frm the surface water.
Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachvec, Lynch redesigned Thrntn Creek. They strategically put lgs int the water at precise angles t create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pckets, generating hydraulic pressure t frce water dwn int the hyprheic zne. These accurately placed lgs and rcks, knwn as “hyprheic structures,” als create pckets f slw water that prvide safe shelters fr juvenile fish — all meant t emulate features f a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis cnfirmed the stream functined as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended.
But was the stream als supprting life? Given that the stne and sand psitined were sterile (贫瘠的) territry, Lynch thught that a bilgical jumpstart might be necessary and that the return f life t restred creeks relied n rganisms migrating frm healthy upstream habitats. S her team tried anther grund-breaking mve: inculating (接种) the engineered hyprheic zne with micrbes (微生物), which quickly ppulated the areas. But even thugh the number f individuals was high, the bidiversity was relatively lw. A 2021 study by stream eclgist Sarah Mrley nted that while a few f the new species grew rapidly, mst were similar t thse in unrestred sectin. Scientists are explring reasns fr the limited survival f intrduced species, and because this science is s new, they have nt ruled ut any ptential explanatins: differences in the dnr stream, size f the restred area, r pr water quality. They might have inculated the hyprheic t sn, befre essential vegetatin culd establish.
The Thrntn Creek restratins have successfully prevented neighburhd flding, even during heavy strms, and stabilized the stream’s flw. Mst ntably, Chink salmn returned t lay eggs in the restred hyprheic znes, tuching Lynch deeply. She recalls, “this success suggests that small urban creek restratins can revitalize functining ecsystems.”
28. What des the underlined wrd “emulate” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Recrd.B. Cpy.C. Mnitr.D. Transfrm.
29. What can be inferred abut the micrbial inculatin in Thrntn Creek?
A. It intrduced essential vegetatin.B. It restred the riginal bidiversity.
C. It increased the ttal quantity f micrbes.D. It surced micrbes frm dwnstream habitats.
30. What can we learn frm Lynch’s restratin prject?
A. It fcused n increasing water xygen levels.
B. It recreated the cnditins f the dnr stream.
C. It remved human-made structures frm the creek.
D. It integrated physical redesign with bi-interventin.
31. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. T Revive a River, Restre Its Liver.
B. Urbanizatin: A Silent Killer f a River.
C Chink Salmn Bst the Diversity f Ecsystems.
D. What Makes the Hyprheic Zne Vital fr Restratin?.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过重建溪流“肝脏”——潜流带，成功恢复生态系统功能并使鲑鱼回归的生态修复过程。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They strategically put lgs int the water at precise angles t create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pckets, generating hydraulic pressure t frce water dwn int the hyprheic zne. These accurately placed lgs and rcks, knwn as “hyprheic structures,” als create pckets f slw water that prvide safe shelters fr juvenile fish — all meant t emulate features f a natural stream. (他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”意思是“模仿”，与“cpy”意思相近。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“But even thugh the number f individuals was high, the bidiversity was relatively lw. (但是，尽管个体数量很高，生物多样性却相对较低)”以及“S her team tried anther grund-breaking mve: inculating (接种) the engineered hyprheic zne with micrbes (微生物), which quickly ppulated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，对桑顿溪进行微生物接种后，微生物数量迅速增加，但生物多样性相对较低。所以可以推断出微生物接种增加了微生物的总量。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachvec, Lynch redesigned Thrntn Creek. They strategically put lgs int the water at precise angles t create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pckets, generating hydraulic pressure t frce water dwn int the hyprheic zne. (林奇与工程师迈克・赫拉乔韦茨合作，重新设计了桑顿溪。他们颇有策略地将原木以精确的角度放入水中，打造出微型瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生水压，迫使水流进入潜流带)”以及第四段中“S her team tried anther grund-breaking mve: inculating (接种) the engineered hyprheic zne with micrbes (微生物), which quickly ppulated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，林奇的修复项目既包括对溪流的物理重新设计，如放置原木和岩石来制造“潜流结构”，又包括生物干预，如对潜流带进行微生物接种，将两者结合起来，由此推知，林奇的修复项目将物理重新设计与生物干预相结合。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中“During a cnference, bilgist Katherine Lynch prpsed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanizatin. (在一次会议上，生物学家凯瑟琳・林奇提议重建这条因城市化而受损、缺失的溪流“肝脏”)”可知，文章主要讲述了生物学家Katherine Lynch为了恢复西雅图桑顿溪的生态系统，提出重建被城市化破坏的溪流“肝脏”——潜流带的建议，并通过与工程师合作进行了一系列修复工作，最终取得了成功，使奇努克鲑鱼回到了修复后的潜流带产卵。A选项“T Revive a River, Restre Its Liver (要恢复一条河，先恢复它的“肝脏”)”能够很好地概括文章主旨，既体现了修复的对象是河流，又突出了恢复潜流带这一关键内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。
D
Bks are abut t becme a little less “Impressive!”, “Appealing!” and “Spellbinding!”. Fewer still will ffer a “tur de frce” (whatever ne f thse might be). That is because Simn & Schuster, an American publisher, has decided t stp ding bk blurbs ( als called “puffs” in Britain) — thse invited cmments frm ther authrs n the back f bks. They are, says Sean Manning, the cmpany’s publisher, “very awkward”.
The prblem with blurbs is that there is always a need t publicly evaluate bks. It is a fact in the life f a writer that if ne publicly publishes, ne is ging t be publicly judged. When negative, such judgments can be painful, when stupid, it can be maddening, but when psitive, it can als be a jyful, supprtive mment. Hwever, when a writer gets prearranged remarks, it devalues legitimate (合情合理的) respnses.
The style f a puff is, as the name suggests, breathless. Smene might declare a bk “authritative”; anther, “unputdwnable”; and a third, “If yu can read this bk withut screaming with excitement, yur sul is dead”. Yu feel guilty, wrte Gerge Orwell, when yu are in the library and “fail t scream with delight”. Als, in thery blurbs are testament t an authr’s narrative skills. In truth they are a testament t their scial nes: they ften reflect arm-twisting rather than artistry. Literary heavyweights hate giving them. “We wuld as sn sell ur tears fr lemn-drps”, wrte Nathaniel Parker Willis, a pet, than thus “spil ne f the truthful adjectives in the wrld”. New authrs struggle t get blurbs, which is partly why Simn & Schuster is giving them up.
Blurbs mre ften exemplify the very bad writing. Many are less written than pieced up frm stck phrases — “A heartbreaking, unputdwnable page-turner!” — with an exclamatin mark at the end. This makes them exhausting t read! There has been hnest cpy n dust jackets — T. S. Elit’s descriptin f Luis MacNeice, a fellw pet, infrmed readers that “His wrk is accessible but unppular” — but it is t rare.
It turns ut that the habit f using wrds like “unputdwnable” is itself quite putdwnable. Mr. Manning says his editrs will use the time they save n chasing qutes t instead prduce gd bks. Nt, nte, “charming” r “absrbing” bks but simply “the best bks pssible”. It is an admirably mdest aim.
32. What can we learn abut blurbs?
A. They serve the interest f bk writers.B. They guarantee legitimate respnses.
C. New authrs are sick f writing them.D. Readers feel guilty after reading them.
33. The authr uses Elit’s example mainly t ____________.
A. advcate the riginality in blurbsB. clarify a miscnceptin abut blurbs
C. distinguish the varius types f current blurbsD. suggest the widespread presence f dishnest blurbs
34. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Blurbs are self-defeating.B. There is n need fr blurbs.
C. Blurbs prmte scial skills.D. Established authrs favr blurbs.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国出版商西蒙与舒斯特决定停止在书籍背面使用其他作者的书评式推荐语的现象及原因。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hwever, when a writer gets prearranged remarks, it devalues legitimate (合情合理的) respnses.(然而，当作家得到预先安排好的评论时，这会降低合法回应的价值)”可知，预先安排好的书评式推荐语（blurbs）损害了读者对书籍的真正评价，即它们并不能保证书籍得到合理的回应，反而是服务于书籍出版商或作者的利益。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Many are less written than pieced up frm stck phrases — “A heartbreaking, unputdwnable page-turner!” — with an exclamatin mark at the end. This makes them exhausting t read! There has been hnest cpy n dust jackets — T. S. Elit’s descriptin f Luis MacNeice, a fellw pet, infrmed readers that “His wrk is accessible but unppular” — but it is t rare.(许多评语与其说是写出来的，不如说是用陈词滥调拼凑起来的 ——“一本令人心碎、令人爱不释手的引人入胜的书！”—— 结尾还带有一个感叹号。这让它们读起来很累！在书的护封上也有诚实的评语 ——T. S. Elit对同为诗人的路易斯・麦克尼斯的描述告诉读者“他的作品易懂但不受欢迎”—— 但这样的评语太少见了)” 可知，T. S. Elit的例子是为了说明诚实的评语很少见，也就是不诚实的评语广泛存在。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hwever, when a writer gets prearranged remarks, it devalues legitimate (合情合理的) respnses.(然而，当作家得到预先安排好的评论时，这会降低合法回应的价值)”以及第三段中“Als, in thery blurbs are testament t an authr’s narrative skills. In truth they are a testament t their scial nes: they ften reflect arm-twisting rather than artistry.(此外，从理论上讲，书评式推荐语是作者叙事能力的证明。事实上，它们是他们社交能力的证明：它们往往反映的是胁迫，而不是艺术性)”和最后一段中“Mr. Manning says his editrs will use the time they save n chasing qutes t instead prduce gd bks.(曼宁表示，他的编辑们将把节省下来寻找引语的时间用来出版好书)”可推知，书评式推荐语（blurbs）往往不是基于书籍的真实质量，而是受到出版商或作者社交手段的影响，它们并不能真实反映书籍的价值，甚至可能损害书籍的声誉，因此可以说是自毁的。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is cnsiderable evidence frm studies with adults that vlunteering benefits a persn’s physical and mental health. ____35____ A 2023 analysis suggested that yung peple wh had participated in cmmunity service were mre likely t be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.
____36____ It culd be that the children vlunteers were already in great health. But because f an alarming rise in mental health issues amng yung peple, envirnmental health scientists believe this early evidence is prmising enugh t pursue. A 2021 advisry warned that the number f yung peple reprting cnstant feelings f sadness r hpelessness had increased by40 percent ver the previus decade. There are multiple pssible causes, including anxiety ver climate change, the effects f scial media use and unfriendly persnal circumstances.
T address these prblems, researchers pint t the imprtance f “cntributin” as an essential piece f scial and emtinal develpment fr teenagers. Vlunteering is ne gd way yung peple can cntribute. ____37____ In 2022, develpmental psychlgist Parissa Ballard and her clleagues tested vlunteering as an interventin fr nine 14-t-20-year-lds wh had been recently diagnsed with mild t mderate depressin r anxiety. After 30 hurs f vlunteer wrk at cmmunity rganizatins, the average reductin in depressive symptms was 19 percent.
What accunts fr the benefits? Helping thers imprves md and raises cnfidence. It prvides rich grund fr building scial cnnectins. It als changes hw yung peple see themselves. Many teens dn’t feel imprtant. ____38____
There may be a ptential dwnside t vlunteering, hwever. ____39____ “Yung peple have t chse smething that feels meaningful t them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by ffering chices and checking vlunteer pprtunities t be sure that rganizatins are well run and equipped t ffer a gd experience.
A. Admittedly, this finding nly shws cnnectins.
B. Nw scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers.
C. This imprvement was in cmparisn with yung peple wh did nt vlunteer.
D. The sense f mattering t thers translates really well t their needs t cnnect and belng.
E. Everyne in the study enjyed the wrk and reprted a sense f pride and accmplishment.
F. The experience can be harmful if yung peple feel like they are being frced t participate.
G. Vlunteering gives them a different sense f themselves, a sense f cnfidence and self-value.
【答案】35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。
【35题详解】
上文“There is cnsiderable evidence frm studies with adults that vlunteering benefits a persn’s physical and mental health.(有大量针对成年人的研究证据表明，志愿服务有益于一个人的身心健康)”说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that vlunteering benefits a persn’s physical and mental health”呼应。故选B。
【36题详解】
上文“A 2023 analysis suggested that yung peple wh had participated in cmmunity service were mre likely t be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.(2023年的一项分析表明，参与过社区服务的年轻人更有可能保持极佳的健康状态，并且在面对挑战时能够保持冷静)”以及下文“It culd be that the children vlunteers were already in great health.(可能是参加志愿活动的孩子本来就很健康)”是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“yung peple wh had participated in cmmunity service were mre likely t be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。故选A。
【37题详解】
上文“T address these prblems, researchers pint t the imprtance f “cntributin” as an essential piece f scial and emtinal develpment fr teenagers. Vlunteering is ne gd way yung peple can cntribute.(为了解决这些问题，研究人员指出，“贡献”对于青少年的社会和情感发展至关重要。志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式)”说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。故选D。
【38题详解】
上文“What accunts fr the benefits? Helping thers imprves md and raises cnfidence. It prvides rich grund fr building scial cnnectins. It als changes hw yung peple see themselves. Many teens dn’t feel imprtant.(这些好处的原因是什么？帮助他人可以改善情绪，增强信心。它为建立社会联系提供了丰富的基础。这也改变了年轻人对自己的看法。许多青少年觉得自己不重要)”列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。C项“这一进步与没有做志愿活动的年轻人相比。”解释了前文提到的“benefits”是如何被衡量和比较的——即通过与那些没有参与志愿服务的年轻人进行对比。这种对比强调了志愿服务对青少年产生的积极影响，与前文关于志愿服务好处的讨论相呼应。故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“There may be a ptential dwnside t vlunteering, hwever.(然而，志愿服务可能有一个潜在的缺点)”说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a ptential dwnside”相呼应。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Gd news fr prcrastinatrs (拖延者): There is a way t use prcrastinatin t yur advantage. Mst prcrastinatrs make the mistake f ding nthing at all. But when yu use prcrastinatin as mtivatin t get things dne, yu can avid ding that ne thing yu really wuld rather nt d and be quite prductive. It’s what essayist Jhn Perry calls “structured prcrastinatin”.
Let’s say, fr example, yu have a number f tasks yu are aviding, in rder f urgency:1) Finishing an essay; 2) Respnding t emails; 3) Cleaning and ding laundry. A nn-prcrastinatr wuld accmplish these tasks in rder f urgency. A prcrastinatr wuld avid ding them altgether. But a structured prcrastinatr wuld d them in reverse (反向) — using his desire t avid writing the essay as mtivatin t d cleaning and respnd t emails. Since he can reprgram by wrking n ther things that are still valuable, he is actually getting a lt dne.
Cllege senir Jrdan Gnen is what yu might call a structured prcrastinatr. When he is vercme with fear f hmewrk, he’ll preccupy himself with what he calls “quick wins”—sending emails and writing articles fr his blg. “It’s still prcrastinating my hmewrk, but instead f ding nthing in the meantime, I’m still getting a lt dne,” Gnen says.
Once he gets thrugh these tasks, Gnen can mre easily get int the mindset f tackling his hmewrk. “A lt f these smaller tasks aren’t particularly fun r prductive, but if yu can really knck them ut really quickly ver a certain perid f time, then yu can get a lt mre dne and it desn’t feel necessarily wrse — yu’ re just wrking 100 percent n whatever yu’ re wrking n,” Gnen says.
40. What is “structured prcrastinatin”?
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41. Hw wuld structured prcrastinatrs handle a number f tasks they are aviding?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Gnen gets thrugh his smaller tasks first because they are fun and prductive.
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43. Wuld yu use structured prcrastinatin in yur daily life? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Using prcrastinatin as mtivatin t get things dne.
41. They wuld reprgram by wrking n ther things that are still valuable.
42. Gnen gets thrugh his smaller tasks first because they are fun and prductive.
Because they can help Gnen get int the mindset f tackling his hmewrk.
43. Yes, I’d use structured prcrastinatin. By tackling smaller, valuable tasks first (like emails), I’d build mmentum and avid anxiety. This way, I’d still achieve prgress while pstpning tugh wrk, striking a balance between prductivity and mental ease.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何利用拖延症提高效率的方法。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“Gd news fr prcrastinatrs (拖延者): There is a way t use prcrastinatin t yur advantage. Mst prcrastinatrs make the mistake f ding nthing at all. But when yu use prcrastinatin as mtivatin t get things dne, yu can avid ding that ne thing yu really wuld rather nt d and be quite prductive. It’s what essayist Jhn Perry calls “structured prcrastinatin”. (对于拖延者来说，有个好消息：有一种方法可以让拖延为你所用。大多数拖延者都犯了什么都不做的错误。但当你把拖延当作完成任务的动力时，你可以避开那件你真的不想做的事情，并且还能保持相当高的效率。这就是散文家约翰・佩里所说的“结构化拖延”。)”可知，“结构化拖延”是指把拖延当作完成事情的动力。故答案为Using prcrastinatin as mtivatin t get things dne.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“But a structured prcrastinatr wuld d them in reverse (反向) — using his desire t avid writing the essay as mtivatin t d cleaning and respnd t emails. Since he can reprgram by wrking n ther things that are still valuable, he is actually getting a lt dne. (但一个有规划的拖延者会反向做这些事——利用他避免写论文的欲望作为动力去做清洁和回复邮件。因为他可以通过做其他有价值的事情来重新安排自己的时间，所以他实际上做了很多事情。)”可知，有规划的拖延者会通过处理其他仍然有价值的事情来重新规划。故答案为They wuld reprgram by wrking n ther things that are still valuable.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中““A lt f these smaller tasks aren’t particularly fun r prductive, but if yu can really knck them ut really quickly ver a certain perid f time, then yu can get a lt mre dne and it desn’t feel necessarily wrse — yu’ re just wrking 100 percent n whatever yu’ re wrking n,” Gnen says. (Gnen说：“很多这样的小任务并不是特别有趣或高效，但如果你能在一定时间内迅速完成它们，那么你就能完成更多的事情，而且感觉也不一定更糟——你只是全身心地投入到正在做的事情中。”)”可知，Gnen先完成这些较小的任务，并不是因为它们有趣且富有成效，而是因为快速完成这些任务后可以完成更多的事情。所以“Gnen gets thrugh his smaller tasks first because they are fun and prductive.”这句话中“because they are fun and prductive”部分错误。故答案为Gnen gets thrugh his smaller tasks first because they are fun and prductive. Because they can help Gnen get int the mindset f tackling his hmewrk.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。此题要求回答：你会在日常生活中使用结构化拖延吗？为什么或为什么不呢？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：是的，我会采用结构化拖延法。通过先处理一些较小且有价值的任务（比如回复电子邮件），我能够积攒动力，并且避免焦虑。这样一来，在推迟处理棘手工作的同时，我仍能取得进展，在工作效率和内心轻松之间达成平衡。故答案为Yes, I’d use structured prcrastinatin. By tackling smaller, valuable tasks first (like emails), I’d build mmentum and avid anxiety. This way, I’d still achieve prgress while pstpning tugh wrk, striking a balance between prductivity and mental ease.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim所在学校正在开展阅读周系列活动。他打算策划一次“介绍中国文学”的活动，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动形式；
2.活动内容。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
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Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Excited t hear yu’re planning an event t intrduce Chinese literature! I’m willing t give yu sme suggestins.
It might be a gd idea t rganize a “Chinese Literature Day”, where teachers are invited t give lectures n the develpment f Chinese literature and share their favrite bks. T get students mre invlved, yu can add a strytelling sessin. Each grup can pick a captivating chapter t read alud, discuss and act ut. Imagine students dressing up as their favrite characters frm the chapter t bring the figures t life. What a glden pprtunity fr yu t immerse yurselves in Chinese literature!
What d yu think f my ideas? Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国好友Jim回复邮件，对其策划的“介绍中国文学”活动给出活动形式和内容方面的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
兴奋的：excited → exhilarated
建议：suggestin → prpsal
组织：rganize → cnduct
迷人的：captivating → appealing
2.句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：Imagine students dressing up as their favrite characters frm the chapter t bring the figures t life.
拓展句：Imagine students wh dress up as their favrite characters frm the chapter t bring the figures t life.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Excited t hear yu’re planning an event t intrduce Chinese literature!（运用了省略了连接词that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型 2】It might be a gd idea t rganize a “Chinese Literature Day”, where teachers are invited t give lectures n the develpment f Chinese literature and share their favrite bks.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）