山东省日照第一中学高三下学期3月份单元质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份山东省日照第一中学高三下学期3月份单元质量检测英语试题含答案，文件包含2025届广东两校化学试题1pdf、2025届广东两校化学试题pdf、化学答案1pdf、化学答案pdf等4份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
英语试题
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分）
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
VEVYE is supplied as eye drps and used t treat the signs and symptms (症状) f dry
eye disease. It is a different kind f dry eye treatment that wrks quickly and gently s yu can get the relief yu’ve been lking fr. The VEVYE Access fr All prgram als ffers fast, easy and affrdable access t treatment.
Speed up relief: In clinical studies, patients experienced crneal (角膜) repair with VEVYE in as little as 15 days.
Maximize cmfrt: In clinical studies, 99.8% f patients reprted n r nly mild pain/ burning when applying VEVYE.
Affrdable access: Cmmercially insured patients may pay as little as $0, and uninsured patients can access a $59 Cash-pay ptin.HOW TO USE VEVYE?
Use
Wash
VEVYE eye drps exactly as directed by yur dctr.
yur hands befre using the eye drps.
The usual
If
used with ther eye drps then allw a 15-minute gap between
dse ( 剂量) is 1 drp
int each eye twice
SAFETY PROFILE
Side effect: The mst cmmn side effects include eye pain (8%) and temprary blurred visin (3%).
Safety and effectiveness: Safety and effectiveness in patients belw the age f 18 years have nt been established. N verall difference in safety r effectiveness has been bserved
between elderly and yunger patients.
T reprt SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, cntact Harrw at 1-833-442-7769 r FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 "" r .
1 ．What can patients expect when using VEVYE?
A ．Mental relief. B ．Fast recvery.
C ．Free insurance. D ．Imprved visin.
2 ．Hw shuld patients use VEVYE prperly?
A ．Stp using cntacts. B ．Wash eyes befre using it.
daily, apprximately 12 hurs apart.
prducts.
D nt tuch the bttle tip t the eye r ther surfaces t avid
ptential fr eye injury.
VEVYE shuld nt be applied while wearing cntacts. Remve
cntacts prir t using
VEVYE.
After applying VEVYE t the eyes, wait 15
minutes befre putting
cntacts back in.
C ．Keep the tip away frm eyes. D ．Wait 15 minutes after the first drp.
3 ．Where is the text prbably frm?
A ．A website f a drug cmpany. B ．A patient review platfrm.
C ．An advertisement f a drugstre. D ．A medical jurnal.
B
My dad is a crsswrd-lver. When I was a little girl, Dad wuld read his crsswrd
puzzles t me frm a magazine. I can still remember hw he turned his pencil excitedly as he
discvered a new phrase. If my attentin weakened, he wuld say, “Feeling sleepy? Never mind, I’ll keep reading. Sme f the wrds may crawl int yur mind.” Bit by bit, Dad intrduced me t the pwer f wrds and guided my life’s calling, a purpse I never questined r bthered t
pursue.
Years passing, I grew int a prfessinal writer. I fund that he never asked me t suggest a wrd r help him with a puzzle when I was wrking. Fr him, my wrds were precius; each held value. But it did nt matter much t me hw much I gt paid fr writing. I wrte because I lved wrd-craft and making up stries that brught ideas t life.
Recently when an editr surprised me with a lwer rate f pay fr a piece f essay that they chse t publish nline rather than in print, I was kind f hurt! But I cmfrted myself by lking at the bright side — s many peple read the piece and shared jyful emtins and praise n scial media. Althugh sme wrldly-wise friends tld me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well
rewarded.
While I was cntent, a certain anxiety wuld secretly emerge: wuld the thught f
earnings cheapen the dignity f my wrk? Dad’s slutin was: “Why nt bth? Mney isn’t
everything, but isn’t it gd t have enugh t help yurself and thse clse t yu? And fr yur talents and effrts t be valued?” Dad believed nt nly that mre wealth did nt mean greater
happiness, but als that n effrt shuld be undervalued.
Tday, when dubts clud my mind, I think f Dad’s pencil: its purpse may be t slve a crsswrd puzzle, but it was als there fr anyne writing dwn a life-changing number in a
lttery ticket (彩票). S culdn’t my wrds help cmplete my life purpse and earn a better living t? Nw I take up assignments — sme that pay well, sme that dn’t — and they bth fill me
with jy.
4 ．Dad didn’t turn t the authr t slve puzzles prbably because he .
A ．didn’t knw the fun f sharing games B ．failed t see her willingness t help
C ．didn’t want t interrupt her literary creatin D ．trusted his wn ability t slve puzzles
5 ．“I was paid peanuts” in paragraph 3 indicates that .
A ．my writing deserved a better pay B ．I gt sme nuts frm my writing
C ．my writing ability was verrated D ．I earned mre than I shuld have
6 ．What des the authr mainly cnvey in the last paragraph?
A ．Dad uses a pencil t balance his life wisely.
B ．Her life purpse is realized thrugh writing.
C ．She sees bth her wrds’ material and spiritual value.
D ．Multiple rles f a pencil may help change ne’s life.
7 ．What can we learn abut Dad and the authr?
A ．Dad develped her attentin by reading.
B ．Dad advised her t be a prfessinal writer.
C ．Dad imprved her ability t slve wrd puzzles.
D ．Dad helped shape her view n writing fr a living.
C
Nature wrds like river, mss and blssm have appeared less frequently in bks ver the past years. This decline, accrding t a study by prfessr Miles Richardsn frm the University
f Derby, mirrrs a brader change he has traced thrugh 220 years f recrds n urbanisatin, the lss f wildlife in neighburhds, and parents n lnger passing n engagement with nature t
their children.
The cmputer mdelling in the study als predicts an “extinctin f experience”, with
future generatins cntinuing t lse an awareness f nature because it is nt present in
increasingly built-up neighburhds, while parents n lnger pass n an “rientatin(倾向)”
twards the natural wrld. This is cnsistent with findings frm ther studies, which identify adult nature cnnectedness as the strngest predictr f whether a child will becme clse t nature.
Richardsn said that when he tested plicy and urban envirnmental changes in the mdel
he was surprised at the scale f the changes required t restre the cnnectin t nature. Increasing bidiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might lk like significant psitive prgress fr wildlife and peple but Richardsn said his study suggests a city might need t be 10 times greener t turn arund declines in nature cnnectin.
Effrts t simply encurage adults t engage with nature are ften insufficient fr lasting
change. Mre effective are measures that build nature cnnectin frm an early age, such as frest schls fr yung children. Research indicates that gvernment initiatives reshaping early
educatin and urban design must be cnsistently applied ver the next 25 years. Once established, this cnnectin can becme self-sustaining.
Richardsn said the scale f scietal change required might nt be as challenging as it
appeared. A study n peple in Sheffield fund that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 secnds n average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and peple are spending 40 minutes
utside every day — that may be enugh,” he said. “The key is t make these gains last acrss generatins,” he added.
8 ．What change has Richardsn traced in his study?
A ．Nature wrds have disappeared frm bks. B ．Peple have less direct cntact with nature.
C ．Urbanisatin has damaged wildlife habitats. D ．Parents spend mre time utdrs with kids.
9 ．What might cause future generatins t have “extinctin f experience” in the mdel?
A ．They are raised away frm nature. B ．They can’t adapt t changes in nature.
C ．High-rise buildings fill neighburhds. D ．Schls ffer few nature science lessns.
10 ．What is a mst effective slutin t the issue accrding t the text?
A ．Advancing lng-term plicies. B ．Launching ec-friendly campaigns.
C ．Fcusing n raising adults’ awareness. D ．Enlarging green space in certain areas.
11 ．Richardsn mentined the study n peple in Sheffield t shw .
A ．nature cntact varies frm city t city B ．peple’s living habits are hard t change
C．a new way t measure nature time is needed D．small effrts help imprve cntact with nature
D
We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fictin mvie: The super heres jump int a shaky spaceship and escape the bad guys by flying thrugh the asterid (小行星) belt, where huge rcks
fall and spin s clse that the crew has t duck and dive t avid being brken int pieces. It’s
exciting, but it’s wrng: In ur slar system, the dds are pretty gd that yu culd stand n the surface f an asterid and nt even be able t see anther.
Yet they d interact if given enugh time. Even in the main asterid belt between the rbits f Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when tw space rcks g “crash” in the main
belt, big impacts blw lts f asterid fragments (碎片) ut int space.
In many cases, these fragments stay n much the same rbital path as the parent asterid,
althugh they gradually separate frm it because f slight speed differences. After thusands f
years, sme fragments might be clear acrss the Sun, but their distance frm the Sun and the shape and directin f their rbits remain similar. Such cnserved features are cllectively called an
asterid’s rbital elements. The grupings sharing rbital elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asterid in the grup.
Studying asterids by fcusing n their families can help us make a gd guess abut what prperties a newly-fund ne has if it belngs t a better-studied family. Care must be taken,
thugh. Sme very large asterids have differentiated materials in the center and n the surface, s cnfirming thse guesses usually requires taking spectra, the time-cnsuming prcess f breaking an bject’s incming light int individual clrs t reveal its cmpsitin.
It’s mre than a mere academic exercise t find this particular branch f an asterid family tree: Sme asterids are ptentially risky, meaning they culd crash with Earth sme time in the distant future. If we knw hw they find their way t the inner slar system frm the main belt t pse threats in the first place, we can defend ur planet frm future wrrisme asterids.
12 ．What is the authr’s view n the scene in the sci-fi mvie?
A ．It ges against the established facts. B ．It verstates the super heres’ rle.
C ．It dwnplays the special visual effects. D ．It fuels peple’s interest in the asterid.
13 ．Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “ineluctable” in paragraph 2?
A ．Unavidable. B ．Uncmmn. C ．Incredible. D ．Invisible.
14 ．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A ．The definitin f rbital elements. B ．The frmatin f asterid families.
C ．The naming rule f asterid grups. D ．The mving pattern f asterid fragments.
15 ．What can be inferred abut the study f asterid family?
A ．It is a high-risk practice. B ．It is built n assumptins.
C ．Its value can’t be verstated. D ．Its cverage needs t be expanded.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
D yu believe that setting gals is an imprtant part f success? Having free time t relax and just accepting whatever happens can be nice n ccasin. 16 And that invlves
gals and planning.
Successful peple start with a gal. They knw that withut ne, they have n directin r fcus with which t achieve anything. 17 And yur gal determines all f the steps yu take twards it. Regardless f what type f gal yu have, it’s imprtant t be clear abut it.
When starting any plans t reach a gal, successful peple knw that it can help t map ut the rute t reach yur destinatin. Fr example, what steps wuld yu take? By having a plan, it gives yu a clearer picture fwhere t start, and what milestnes yu can expect alng the way. Gals allw yu t experience success alng the way. 18
Successful peple knw that having a gal is the mtivatr that drives yu frward with
cnfidence. When yu knw where yu’re ging, it can be exciting t see yur prgress as yu
mve clser t the gal. 19 Fr example, with the rad trip scenari, every time yu get t the next twn, yu knw yu are making prgress. And feeling successful can give yu the
cnfidence t d mre.
20 By cmmitting t the task r prcess invlved in reaching a gal, yu are telling yurself yu intend t d it. Giving up r nt putting enugh effrt int creating yur step-by-step plan is nt ging t help yu reach yur gal.
A ．It’s the very basis f their success.
B ．Successful peple achieve gals with cmmitment.
C ．They can make sure yu get the training and experience they need.
D ．Frm time t time yu need t see hw much yu have cmmitted t yur gal.
E ．Knwing what t expect arund the next crner might make yu feels less stressed.
F ．Having things planned ut ahead f time can help yu t reach yur gal mre smthly.
G ．Hwever, mst f the time if yu want t reach yur dreams, yu have t make an effrt.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m up t my ankles in clay in suthern Germany. It’s and I’m cmpletely wet. It’s nt exactly what I pictured when I emailed palentlgist (古生物学者) Madelaine
frm my Trnt bedrm last February. Having just finished her bk Ancientbnes, I
asked if I culd jin her excavatin (发掘古物). I wanted t be where the actin was. A week later,
her came; I was very welcme. That’s why I fund myself in the Hammerschmiede clay
pit, my scks with mud. Fr a mment, I wndered if I had made a ________.
But then we excavating, and the fssils appeared. It was a dream cme true t
witness the f ancient life. Each mrning, I climbed the 20-meter slpe t the dig site. We mved the excavated clay-sand mixture int an pening, and high-pressure water
the sediment (沉淀物), leaving nly stnes, bnes and shells. I them fr hurs, srting the bnes by size and type. After a few days, I culd many f the 140 vertebrate species cmmn t the site.
In the evenings, all the vlunteers — mstly lcals — gathered t talk abut that day’s
. At times, it was a challenge nt being in German, but the practice paid ff. By the end f the week, I was cnversatinal.
It may be a strange way t vacatin, but I was in my sweet . Fr me, this is the way t travel: learning new skills, practicing a different language and truly getting t knw a place.
21 ．A ．puring B ．running C ．flwing D ．flding
22 ．A ．messy B ．private C ．tidy D ．spacius
23 ．A ．respnse B ．letter C ．recmmendatin D ．turn
24 ．A ．decrated B ．cated C ．marked D ．ccupied
25 ．A．jke B ．frtune C ．difference D ．mistake
26 ．A ．went n B ．tk ver C ．ended up D ．set abut
27 ．A ．signals B ．remains C ．ruins D ．leftvers
28 ．A ．washed away B ．picked up C ．carried ff D ．wiped ut
29 ．A ．admired B ．piled C ．reflected D ．screened
30 ．A ．treasure B ．illustrate C ．encunter D ．identify
31 ．A ．adventures B ．discveries C ．decisins D ．trips
32 ．A ．weak B ．abundant C ．fluent D ．immersed
33 ．A ．secretly B ．suddenly C ．nearly D ．temprarily
34 ．A ．fantasy B ．spt C ．leisure D ．childhd
35 ．A ．ideal B ．pssible C ．safe D ．lng
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The multifunctinality f bamb is recgnized in China, where the giant wdy grass has been widely emplyed since the 11th century BC. 36 (bless) with a wealth f bamb
frests, China is the wrld’s largest prducer f bamb prducts and this resurce secures its dminant psitin in the glbal market.
Evlving int an ec-friendly replacement, bamb 37 (celebrate) fr its superir green nature. Its edge lies nt nly in tughness and strength 38 in rapid grwth and
renewability. As ppsed t trees (such as ak r teak), 39 can take ver a decade t
mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just fur t six years, thus 40 (permit) repeated harvests withut replanting.
In Anji, a cunty in nrthwestern Zhejiang Prvince, bamb 41 (replace) plastic in varius prducts in recent years. With 666 square kilmeters f bamb frests cvering an area abut 80 percent f 42 size f New Yrk City and a lng-standing histry f bamb use, Anji serves as a mdel in advancing bamb as an alternative 43 plastic. On the farm,
bamb-based film (薄膜) replaces plastic film in the 44 (preserve) f heat and water. The industrial develpment f bamb benefits lcal cmmunities as well, ____45____ (ecnmic)
revitalizing (使复兴) rural areas thrugh bamb harvesting.
Scenes f harmny between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where
bamb-driven develpment is prmted t initiate dialgues with nature and champin a greener
future.
第三部分 写作（满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46．假定你是李华，现在一所英国高中做交换生。因宿舍生活存在困扰， 计划向宿管老师申请调换宿舍。请你写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 申请原因；
2. 表达感谢与期待。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分 25 分）
47 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jane had a deep affectin fr birds. Every mrning, she scattered (抛撒) seeds in her backyard and whispered, “Gd mrning, my little friends!” T her, their sngs sunded like cheerful laughter, and she ften laughed alng with them.
Hwever, her neighbr, Mr. Thmpsn, didn’t share her jy. He was cnstantly annyed by the birds that flew int his yard. “They’re t nisy!” he cmplained. “And they make such a mess in MY yard!” His sharp wrds made Jane feel quite uneasy, yet she refused t give up n her
feathered friends. She firmly believed that every small creature deserved care.
One mrning, Jane discvered a small sparrw (麻雀) shaking under the fence. One f its
wings lked bent at a painful angle. Filled with wrry, Jane carefully picked it up and named it Pip. She placed him in a small, warm basket in a safe crner right next t the fence.
A week passed. Pip was getting better but still unable t fly. One afternn, while Jane was feeding Pip by the fence, Mr. Thmpsn shuted frm his side, “Yu’re just asking fr truble!”
Jane gently lifted Pip in her hands s Mr. Thmpsn culd see him thrugh the gaps in the fence. “Lk, Mr. Thmpsn. Pip’s wing is hurt.” Mr. Thmpsn cast an impatient glance at the tiny
creature. Fr a mment, his frwn (皱眉) sftened. “That wing...” he said sftly, almst t himself. Just then, Jane’s mther called her frm the driveway, saying they were leaving fr a family visit. Jane waved a quick gdbye t Pip and hurried t the car. Hwever, n their way hme, a heavy
strm brke ut. Watching the trees shaking in the strng wind, Jane felt very wrried abut Pip, wh was left all alne in the yard. The mment they pulled int the driveway, she dashed tward the backyard, calling Pip’s name. 注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
T her hrrr, the basket was empty.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
At this mment, Mr. Thmpsn appeared with Pip.
1 ．B 2 ．C 3 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍干眼症治疗药物 VEVYE 的剂型、核心优势（起效快、温和、获取便捷经济）、使用方法、安全注意事项及不良反应报告渠道，为患者提供全面的用药相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Speed up relief: In clinical studies, patients experienced crneal (角膜) repair with VEVYE in as little as 15 days.(快速缓解：在临床研究中，使用 VEVYE 的患者在短短 15 天内就完成了角膜修复。)”可知，使用 VEVYE 时，患者可实现快速恢复。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“SAFETY PROFILE”下文表格中“D nt tuch the bttle tip t the eye r ther surfaces t avid ptential fr eye injury.(请勿让瓶口接触眼睛或其他表面，以免造成眼部损伤)”可知，患者使用 VEVYE 时，应让药瓶口远离眼睛。故选 C。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“VEVYE is supplied as eye drps and used t treat the signs and
symptms (症状) f dry eye disease. It is a different kind f dry eye treatment that wrks quickly and gently s yu can get the relief yu’ve been lking fr. The VEVYE Access fr All prgram als ffers fast, easy and affrdable access t treatment.(VEVYE 为滴眼液剂型，适用于治疗干眼症的体征与症状。作为一款与众不同的干眼症治疗药物，其起效迅速且温和，能为你带来期待已久的缓解效果。“VEVYE 全民关爱计划”更提供便捷、高效且经济实惠的治疗获取渠道。)” 以及下文内容可知，文章介绍了药品 VEVYE 的剂型、药品功效、使用方法、安全性、价格政策、不良反应报告渠道等，这些信息通常来自药企官方网站。故选 A。
4 ．C 5 ．A 6 ．C 7 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者受父亲影响成为作家，及对写作报酬与价值的看法。
4 ．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Years passing, I grew int a prfessinal writer. I fund that he never asked me t suggest a wrd r help him with a puzzle when I was wrking. Fr him, my
wrds were precius; each held value.(岁月流逝，我成为了一名职业作家。我发现，我工作时，他从不要求我帮忙想词或解谜题。对他来说，我的文字很珍贵，每一个都有价值。)”可知，父亲不找作者解谜题是因为不想打扰她的文学创作。故选 C。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Recently when an editr surprised me with a lwer rate f pay fr a piece f essay that they chse t publish nline rather than in print, I was kind f hurt! (最近，一位编辑让我大吃一惊，他们选择在网上而不是在印刷品上发表我的一篇文章，却给了我更低
的稿费。)”和“Althugh sme wrldly-wise friends tld me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well rewarded.(尽管一些精明的朋友告诉我，I was paid peanuts ，但我自己觉得得到了很好的回报。)”可知，作者的稿费低于预期，I was paid peanuts 意为“我得到的报酬很少” ，暗示她的作品值得更高的报酬。故选 A。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“S culdn’t my wrds help cmplete my life purpse and earn a better living t? Nw I take up assignments — sme that pay well, sme that dn’t — and they bth fill me with jy.(那么，我的文字就不能帮助我完成人生目标，赚取更好的生活吗？现在，我接受任务——有些报酬丰厚，有些报酬不高——但它们都让我充满喜悦。)”可知，作者主要传达的是她既看到了文字的精神价值（实现人生目标），也重视其物质价值（赚取报酬）。故选 C。
7 ．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“Dad’s slutin was: “Why nt bth? Mney isn’t everything, but isn’t it gd t have enugh t help yurself and thse clse t yu? And fr yur talents and effrts t be valued?” Dad believed nt nly that mre wealth did nt mean
greater happiness, but als that n effrt shuld be undervalued.(爸爸的解决办法是：“为什么不能两者兼得呢？钱不是一切，但有足够的钱来帮助自己和亲近的人不是很好吗？你的才能和努力得到重视不是很好吗？”爸爸不仅相信更多的财富并不意味着更大的幸福，而且相信任何努力都不应该被低估。)” 、最后一段中“S culdn’t my wrds help cmplete my life purpse and earn a better living t? Nw I take up assignments — sme that pay well,sme that dn’t — and they bth fill me with jy.(那么，我的文字就不能帮助我完成人生目标，赚取更好的生活吗？现在，我接受任务——有些报酬丰厚，有些报酬不高——但它们都让我充满喜悦。)”可知，父亲帮助作者塑造了她对写作谋生的看法。故选 D。
8 ．B 9 ．A 10 ．A 11 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“ 自然体验的灭绝”。
8 ．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“This decline, accrding t a study by prfessr Miles Richardsn frm the University f Derby, mirrrs a brader change he has traced thrugh 220
years f recrds n urbanisatin, the lss f wildlife in neighburhds, and parents n lnger
passing n engagement with nature t their children.(据德比大学的 Miles Richardsn 教授的一
项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220 年来的城市化记录、
社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)” 可知，
Richardsn 追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选 B 项。
9 ．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The cmputer mdelling in the study als predicts an
‘extinctin f experience’, with future generatins cntinuing t lse an awareness f nature
because it is nt present in increasingly built-up neighburhds, while parents n lnger pass n an ‘rientatin’ twards the natural wrld.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向” 。)”可知，“体验灭绝” 的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选 A 项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Mre effective are measures that build nature cnnectin frm an early age, such as frest schls fr yung children. Research indicates that gvernment
initiatives reshaping early educatin and urban design must be cnsistently applied ver the next
25 years. Once established, this cnnectin can becme self-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来 25 年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来 25 年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选 A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“A study n peple in Sheffield fund that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 secnds n average in natural spaces each day. ‘Increase that by ten, and peple are spending 40 minutes utside every day — that may be enugh,’ he said.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为 4 分 36 秒。“将这个时间增加10 倍，人们每天就能在户外度过 40 分钟 —— 这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留 4 分 36 秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选 D 项。
12 ．A 13 ．A 14 ．B 15 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科幻电影中关于小行星带的场景与现实不符，并介绍了小行星带中碰撞不可避免、小行星家族的形成、研究小行星家族的意义以及其对地
球潜在威胁的防范作用。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s exciting, but it’s wrng: In ur slar system, the dds are pretty gd that yu culd stand n the surface f an asterid and nt even be able t see anther. （这很刺激，但这是错误的：在我们的太阳系中，你很有可能站在小行星的表面，却看不到另一颗小行星）”可知，作者认为科幻电影中的场景与事实不符。故选 A 项。
13 ．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yet they d interact if given enugh time. Even in the main
asterid belt between the rbits f Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. （然而，如果给它们足够的时间，它们确实会相互作用。即使在火星和木星轨道之间的主小行星带，碰撞也是 ineluctable）”可知，前文提到小行星之间如果给予足够的时间会相互作用，接着举例说明即使在主小行星带，碰撞也是会发生的，即碰撞是不可避免的。由此可知，划线词 ineluctable与 A 项 Unavidable“不可避免的”意思相近。故选 A 项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In many cases, these fragments stay n much the same rbital path as the parent asterid, althugh they gradually separate frm it because f slight speed differences. After thusands f years, sme fragments might be clear acrss the Sun, but their distance frm
the Sun and the shape and directin f their rbits remain similar. Such cnserved features are
cllectively called an asterid’s rbital elements. The grupings sharing rbital elements are
identified as