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山东省日照市2022届高三下学期3月一模考试英语试题 含解析
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这是一份山东省日照市2022届高三下学期3月一模考试英语试题 含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了 考试结束后，将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分 120分。考试时间 100 分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡相应的位置。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Teen adventure: Eurpe cast t cast 2022
If yu are interested in Eurpe Cast t Cast fr the summer f2022, please reach ut t us and we will ntify yu when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and pened the applicatin.
Hlland, Belgium, Paris
Our grup will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city f Haarlem befre picking up the well-traveled Nrdzeerute bike rute. This prtected, castal path winds its way alng the cast f the Nrth Sea fr nearly 300 miles, past windmills and ver banks. We’ll make ur way thrugh charming Dutch and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France. Once in France, we’ll ride quiet cuntry rads thrugh small villages, enjying the many delights f rural French life alng ur way. We’ll cntinue suth t Chantilly and take a train in t spend a day in the City f Light.
Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee
Frm Paris, we cntinue east thrugh the vineyard(葡萄园) cvered hills f the Champagne regin, int the green valleys f Alsace-Lrraine, and then n t Strasburg, right n France’s brder with Germany. We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest t the shres f Lake Cnstance, als knwn in Germany as the Bdensee. We’ll lk acrss this famus lake t the snw-cvered peaks f the Alps—the next leg f ur jurney tgether.
The Alps, Nrthern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bdensee, we’ll start ur climb int and thrugh the Austrian Alps. Shrtly after skirting the Swiss brder, we’ll crss int Bella Italia and begin ur dwnhill descent(斜坡) tward the warm waters f the Adriatic Sea. Upn arrival, we’ll put ur bikes away and spend ur final days tgether celebrating ur great cycling skills while explring Venice, ne f the wrld’s mst beautiful and mysterius cities.
1. Where will the adventurers explre the City f Light?
A. In France.B. In Hlland.C. In Belgium.D. In Germany.
2. What will the adventurers d in Germany?
A. Swim in the Rhine River.B. Sail n Lake Cnstance.
C. Get t the tp f the Alps.D. Ride thrugh the Black Frest.
3. Hw many cuntries will the adventurers crss in ttal?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.
【答案】1 A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了Eurpe cast t cast2022年夏季活动的行程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hlland, Belgium, Paris部分中“Once in France, we’ll ride quiet cuntry rads thrugh small villages, enjying the many delights f rural French life alng ur way. We’ll cntinue suth t Chantilly and take a train in t spend a day in the City f Light.(到达法国后，我们将在宁静的乡村道路上穿行，沿途欣赏法国乡村生活的种种乐趣。我们将继续向南前往尚蒂伊坐火车在光明之城度过一天。)”可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中“We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest t the shres f Lake Cnstance, als knwn in Germany as the Bdensee.(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林，来到康斯坦斯湖畔，在德国也被称为博登湖。)”可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hlland, Belgium, Paris部分中“We’ll make ur way thrugh charming Dutch and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France.(我们将穿过迷人的荷兰和比利时小镇穿过边境进入法国。)”及Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中“We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest...(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林……)”及最后一段中“Leaving the Bdensee, we’ll start ur climb int and thrugh the Austrian Alps. Shrtly after skirting the Swiss brder, we’ll crss int Bella Italia...(离开博登湖，我们将开始攀登并穿过奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉。绕过瑞士边境后不久，我们将进入贝拉意大利……)”可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B项。
B
Despite Kyle Tianshi being nly a 15-year-ld US high schler, he has published five sci-fi nvels. His fifth bk Eventide was released in July. Hwever, this may nt be his mst impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Her Award”, a $20, 000 grand prize. It is the tp hnr in the Califrnia Yuth Sustainability Awards. The cmpetitin aims t encurage and supprt yung cmmunity leaders wh are making a difference fr sustainability in their cmmunities by taking actin fr the planet.
Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID. The device can detect micrscpic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and micrscpe. These particles can be harmful t peple and the envirnment.
Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg, Califrnia, US. Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water. Kyle spent abut $60 buying the tls needed t analyze the tap water: a laser, a micrscpe and a micr-cmputer. “It’s incredibly pwerful fr the price,” Kyle said. Then he used their family’s garage as his labratry, ding research n the pllutin f drinking water caused by micr-plastics.
Kyle hpes t bring t market a lw-cst alternative tl fr detecting micr-plastic pllutin levels in drinking water. In this way, he can ffer help t peple wh dn’t have access t water filtratin(过滤) systems. He has applied fr a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily, a freshman at Stanfrd University, inspired his interest in envirnmental research. She was recgnized natinally fr develping a water cllectin device. They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.
4. What d we knw abut Kyle?
A. He is gd at adapting sci-fi wrks.
B. He entered many nvel cntests.
C. He received an award fr his inventin.
D He’s fund micrscpic particles in water.
5. What led t Kyle’s creatin f NEREID?
A. Peple’s lack f clean drinking water.B. Peple’s pr living cnditins.
C. His desire t be a cmmunity leader.D. His family’s encuragement.
6. Which f the fllwing best describes Kyle?
A. Cnsiderate and brave.B. Optimistic and hnest.
C. Determined and humrus.D. Respnsible and creative.
7. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. The intrductin f NEREID.B. A by’s cntributin t literature.
C. The harm f plluted water.D. A US schler’s water slutin.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg, Califrnia, US. Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water.( Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”及文章最后一句“They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意，故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D项。
C
The exact lcatin in France where Dutch master Vincent van Ggh painted his last wrk f art has been discvered.
A Dutch researcher figured ut that a scene described in the artist’s last wrk, Tee Rt, was visible n a pstcard shwing a man standing next t a bicycle n a back street f the village Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Ggh spent the last weeks f his life in the village. Helpfully, the card even included the name f the street.
Researchers were given a unique glimpse(体验) int the famus painter’s final hurs. He was at wrk right up t the end.
Wuter van der Veen, scientific directr f the Van Ggh Institute in France, made the discvery. While stuck at hme, van de Veen used the extra time t rganize the numerus files and dcuments n van Ggh, including images such as the ld pstcard frm Auvers-sur-Oise. One day in late April, he saw the card n his cmputer screen and it suddenly struck him that he was lking at the lcatin f Tree Rts. Next t the man and his bicycle, rts and trees are clearly visible. He tk a virtual trip dwn the site using Ggle’s Street View.
“Villagers knw the spt and the main tree rt well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because f its shapes,” van der Veen said. “It was really hiding in vert sight.”
The discvery prvides turists with an extra reasn t visit Auvers-sur-Oise. “They travel a lt just fr ne reasn—t walk in the ftsteps f Vincent van Ggh. Nw they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,” van der Veen said. “And that’s a very mving thing fr a lt f peple. S I’m very happy t be able t share that with all thse wh lve van Ggh.”
8. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. What the pstcard revealed.B. Hw Tee Rts was discvered.
C. Why Auvers-sur-Oise became knwn.D. Where van Ggh painted his wrks.
9. Hw did van der Veen cnfirm his discvery?
A. He studied a picture f Auvers-sur-Oise.
B. He rganized his data n van Ggh.
C. He traveled t France t see fr himself.
D. He paid a visit t the spt nline.
10. What des the underlined wrd “vert” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Mixed.B. Obvius.C. Lvely.D. Strange.
11. What can we infer abut turists t Auvers-sur-Oise?
A. They enjy explring hw t paint.B. They share their lve fr van Ggh.
C. They admire van Ggh very much.D. They want t experience the life there.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了研究人员偶然间在一张明信片上发现了梵高人生最后一幅画创作的地点。
8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A Dutch researcher figured ut that a scene described in the artist’s last wrk, Tree Rt, was visible n a pstcard shwing a man standing next t a bicycle n a back street f the village Auvers-sur-Oise.（一位荷兰研究人员发现，在一张明信片上可以看到梵高的最后一幅画《树根》中描绘的场景，一名男子站在奥维尔村庄一条后街上的自行车旁）”可知，第二段承接上文，主要描述这一发现的由来，即一张明信片上发现了梵高最后一幅画中的场景。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He tk a virtual trip dwn the site using Ggle’s Street View.（他通过谷歌街景对该地点进行了一次虚拟旅行）”可知，研究人员van der Veen正是在看过明信片后，通过谷歌街景的模拟旅行进行了确认。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中van der Veen的话“Villagers knw the spt and the main tree rt well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because f its shapes,（村民们都知道这个地方和主干树根，甚至根据其形状命名为“大象”）”和”It was really hiding in vert sight.（它真的就藏在眼皮底下）”可知，联系上下文，显然梵高最后一幅画中的地方并不是无毛之地，相反很多人都知道这里，但就是没有人将它们联系起来，vert在这里应表示“明显的”以表达“藏在眼皮底下”的含义。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中van der Veen的话“They travel a lt just fr ne reasn—t walk in the ftsteps f Vincent van Ggh. Nw they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,（他们很多人来旅游都是抱着一个目的——追寻梵高的足迹。现在他们可以站在他创作最后一幅画的地方了）”和“And that’s a very mving thing fr a lt f peple. S I’m very happy t be able t share that with all thse wh lve van Ggh（对许多人来说这是很感人的一件事。所以我很高兴能与那些喜爱梵高的人分享这一点）”可知，慕名而来的游客们大都是出于对梵高的欣赏和仰慕、想要追寻他最后的足迹。故选C项。
D
Plants dn’t have ears r a central nervus system, but new research ut f the University f Missuri has demnstrated that they might still have the ability t “hear”. Mre specifically, plants have been shwn t exhibit an immune(免疫) respnse t the mere sund f a hungry insect.
Fr the study, researchers played the sund f a caterpillar chewing t a grup f plants, which caused slight vibratins(振动) n the plants’ leaves. The plants were able t recgnize these vibratin patterns as danger, and respnded by munting the apprpriate immune respnse. In ther wrds, it appears that plants can “hear” themselves being chewed n.
Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks t prteins that respnd t pressure fund within their cell membranes. Vibratins cause pressure changes within the cell, which can change the behavir f the prteins; hwever, additinal study will be required t cnfirm r deny this thery.
Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this prcess it culd lead t advances in crp prtectin. Farmers culd ptentially learn t use sund t cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning t pisnus chemicals.
“We can imagine applicatins f this where plants culd be treated with sund r genetically engineered t respnd t certain sunds that wuld be useful fr agriculture,” said study authr Heidi Appel.
The study adds t the grwing list f ways that plants have been shwn t sense their envirnments. They are nt the bring rganisms that many peple assume they are. Fr instance sme plants are able t cmmunicate with each ther and signal upcming danger t their neighbrs by releasing chemicals int the air. Plants can respnd t light (think abut sunflwers) and temperature. Sme can even respnd t tuch, such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草), which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.
12. Why did researchers carry ut the study?
A. T find ut if plants can react t sunds.
B. T learn hw plants recgnize dangers.
C. T discver if plants can shake their leaves.
D. T see hw plants imprve immune systems.
13. What’s the ptential use f researchers’ discvery?
A. T remve insects.B. T prtect crps.
C. T treat plant diseases.D. T prduce chemicals.
14. What des the authr intend t tell us in the last paragraph?
A. There are mre plants than we knw.
B. Plants are mre active than we think.
C. Plants fit in well with their envirnments.
D. Lts f secrets abut plants remain unclear.
15. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can plants “talk” with each ther?
B. Hw d plants make use f sunds?
C. Can plants “hear” themselves being eaten?
D. Hw d plants defend themselves against attacks?
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mre specifically, plants have been shwn t exhibit an immune(免疫) respnse t the mere sund f a hungry insect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“Fr the study, researchers played the sund f a caterpillar chewing t a grup f plants, which caused slight vibratins(振动) n the plants’ leaves. The plants were able t recgnize these vibratin patterns as danger, and respnded by munting the apprpriate immune respnse.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this prcess, it culd lead t advances in crp prtectin. Farmers culd ptentially learn t use sund t cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning t pisnus chemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“The study adds t the grwing list f ways that plants have been shwn t sense their envirnments. They are nt the bring rganisms that many peple assume they are.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plants dn’t have ears r a central nervus system, but new research ut f the University f Missuri has demnstrated that they might still have the ability t “hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The vast majrity f parents expect their children t grw up t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety. ____16____ If we dn’t give parenting everything we’ve gt, ur kids will wind up unemplyed, living in ur basements, and there will be n ne t blame but urselves. That’s what I like t call the “perfect parent myth”.
The standards f perfectin fr parents these days are extremely high. Perfect parenting expectatins begin with a drug free natural birth. Once ur yung are brn we must breastfeed each baby fr years. If we can’t breasted, we must at least feed n demand. ____17____ Let’s als nt frget t rganize ur children’s days s they are engaged in educatinal pursuits in case they fall behind the curve (弯道). We must be invlved in every aspect f ur children’s schls. There is n free time fr the perfect parent. ____18____
These standards are unreasnable. They’re als crazy. Parents can’t be perfect. Why? Because we’re human and s are ur children. ____19____ They are predictable and when they are unruly we can shut them dwn. Parenting is nthing like that.
____20____ But, by the parent being less than perfect, the child will need t adapt and develp skills t vercme little disappintments. There is flexibility and rm fr real-life mistakes and limitatins t ur parenting abilities.
A. We must make ur wn baby fd.
B. They are pushing themselves t far.
C. Rbts wuld be much easier t parent.
D. There is nly unlimited devtin t ur children.
E. A gd enugh parent meets the needs f their children.
F. Parents have n enugh time t live up t these high standards.
G. T meet thse gals, parents are tld that they must spare n effrt.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，人们对于完美的父母有很多高标准，但作者认为父母没有时间去达到那些高标准，现实生活中的错误和养育孩子的能力是有弹性和空间的。
【16题详解】
根据前一句“The vast majrity f parents expect their children t grw up t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety.(绝大多数父母希望他们的孩子成长为健康、快乐和对社会有贡献的成员)”并结合空后一句“If we dn’t give parenting everything we’ve gt, ur kids will wind up unemplyed, living in ur basements, and there will be n ne t blame but urselves.(如果我们不尽一切努力养育孩子，我们的孩子最终会失业，住在我们的地下室里，那就只能怪我们自己了)”可知，父母对孩子有很多期望，如果孩子最后没有成功就只能怪父母，所以推测空处讲述父母为了让孩子成功应该奉献一切，G项“为了达到这些目标，父母们被告知必须不遗余力。”承上启下，G项中的these gals呼应前一句中“t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety”，故选G项。
【17题详解】
结合空前两句“Once ur yung are brn we must breastfeed each baby fr years. If we can’t breasted, we must at least feed n demand.(一旦我们的孩子出生，我们必须多年母乳喂养每个孩子。如果我们不能哺乳，我们至少得根据需要喂养)”可知，此处是讲述孩子喂养方面对父母的高标准，A项“我们必须自己做婴儿食品。”符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据本段内容及空前一句“There is n free time fr the perfect parent.(完美的父母是没有空闲时间的)”可知，完美父母的标准很苛刻，没有空闲时间，分析选项，D项“只有对我们的孩子无限的奉献。”符合语境，句式与空前一句一致，意义上形成对比，故选D项。
【19题详解】
空前“These standards are unreasnable. They’re als crazy. Parents can’t be perfect. Why? Because we’re human and s are ur children.(这些标准是不合理的。它们也很疯狂。父母不可能十全十美。为什么？因为我们是人，孩子也是人)”解释上文为什么父母并不是完美的，分析选项，F项“父母没有足够的时间来达到这些高标准。”承接上文，继续说明父母不完美的原因。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后一句“But, by the parent being less than perfect, the child will need t adapt and develp skills t vercme little disappintments.(但是，如果父母不够完美，孩子将需要适应和发展技能，以克服小失望)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是描述完美父母的情况，E项“一个好的父亲或母亲能够满足孩子的需要。”符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ms. Salmn had nly been wrking at Sainsbury’s fr a year when she was diagnsed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s disease. Befre that, she had been ____21____ t leave her jb as a bkkeeper because she was becming increasingly ____22____.
Upn being infrmed f her diagnsis, ____23____, the Sainsbury’s staffers started ding all they culd t make sure that Ms. Salmn felt cmfrtable and ____24____. Fr the next fur years, Sainsbury’s did everything t keep Ms. Salmn n the team. They changed her ____25____; they stayed in ____26____ with her family s they culd prvide ____27____ n her cnditin at wrk; they ____28____ retrained her. When the disease prgressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely ____29____ jb fr her as a “tte bx cleaner”.
In 2017, Ms. Salmn’s received a medical ____30____ that said her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage, and she was ____31____ unemplyable. Again, Sainsbury’s kept her n the team.
Ms. Salmn’s ____32____ finally came t an end 6 mnths later, and thugh it was an emtinal ____33____, she was als relieved.
“There have been s many times Sainsbury’s culd have let her ____34____,” Ms. Salmn’s sn Drn said. “Instead, they have always ____35____ her, ging abve and beynd t make sure she’s happy and feeling valued. On a human level, they have shwn sensitivity, kindness and care.”
21. A. warnedB. allwedC. inspiredD. frced
22. A. disrganizedB. wrriedC. bad-temperedD. ill-mannered
23. A. meanwhileB. therefreC. hweverD. mrever
24. A. appreciatedB. interestedC. amazedD. cnnected
25. A. lifestyleB. hursC. dietD. attitude
26. A. harmnyB. cntactC. agreementD. cperatin
27. A. pininsB. suggestinsC. instructinsD. updates
28. A. rarelyB. ccasinallyC. regularlyD. temprarily
29. A. traditinalB. newC. strangeD. easy
30. A. assessmentB. prgramC. paperD. certificate
31. A. madeB. prvedC. declaredD. fund
32. A. frtuneB. adventureC. emplymentD. treatment
33. A. prblemB. experienceC. cnsequenceD. departure
34. A. gB. surviveC. wrkD. suffer
35. A. cunted nB. std byC. fcused nD. drpped by
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，Salmn女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作一年时被诊断出阿尔兹海默症，超市不仅没有解雇Salmn女士，反而一直支持帮助她，展示了人性、善良和关爱。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. warned警告；B. allwed允许；C. inspired启发，鼓舞；D. frced强迫。结合语境及“because she was becming increasingly ____2____ ”可知，被诊断为阿尔兹海默症后应是“被迫”辞去工作。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. disrganized无条理的；B. wrried担心的；C. bad-tempered脾气不好的；D. ill-mannered无礼的。结合语境可知，得了阿尔兹海默症后应是做事没有条理。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salmn女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A. meanwhile同时；B. therefre因此；C. hwever然而；D. mrever此外。根据“the Sainsbury’s staffers started ding all they culd t make sure that Ms. Salmn felt cmfrtable”可知，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们得知Salmn女士患病后的做法与上文被辞退相反，故此处表示转折。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salmn女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A. appreciated赏识的，感激的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. cnnected有联系的，相关的。根据下一句“Fr the next fur years, Sainsbury’s did everything t keep Ms. Salmn n the team.(在接下来的四年里，塞恩斯伯里超市的人想尽一切办法留住Salmn女士。)”可知，此处指让Salmn女士感到舒适，能够和人交流。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们改变了她的工作时间。A. lifestyle生活方式；B. hurs小时，（工作/办公等）固定时间；C. diet饮食；D. attitude态度。结合语境可知，Salmn女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作，所以此处指超市改变了她的工作时间，其他选项不符合语境。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. harmny和谐；B. cntact联系；C. agreement同意，一致；D. cperatin合作。结合“s they culd prvide ____7____ n her cnditin at wrk”可知，此处指超市与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她的最新情况。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. pinins观点；B. suggestins建议；C. instructins指令，说明；D. updates更新，最新消息。结合语境可知，此处指提供她的最新情况。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们定期对她进行再培训。A. rarely很少；B. ccasinally偶尔；C. regularly定期，有规律地；D. temprarily临时。结合语境可知，Salmn女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市应是“定期”给她反复培训。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当疾病恶化时，塞恩斯伯里超市甚至为她创造了一份全新的工作——“手提袋清洁工”。A. traditinal传统的；B. new新的；C. strange奇怪的，陌生的；D. easy容易的。结合“When the disease prgressed”可知，Salmn女士病情恶化，应是无法再胜任工作，所以超市善意地给她创造了一份“全新的”工作。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salmn女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. assessment评估；B. prgram计划，项目；C. paper纸张；D. certificate证书。结合“her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage”可知，应是对病情进行评估，才知道她的病情发展到了晚期。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salmn女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. made使，让，制作；B. prved证明；C. declared宣布，声明；D. fund发现。结合语境及“her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage”可知，她病情到了晚期，“被宣布”没有工作能力了。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salmn女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. frtune财富，运气；B. adventure冒险；C. emplyment工作，就业；D. treatment对待，治疗。结合上文“she was ____11____ unemplyable”可知，此处指职业生涯结束。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salmn女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. prblem问题；B. experience经历，经验；C.cnsequence结果；D. departure离开。结合上一句中“came t an end”可知，此处指精神上的“离开”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞恩斯伯里超市有很多次本可以让她走。A. g走；B. survive生存；C. wrk工作；D. suffer遭受。结合上文内容可知，Salmn女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市本可以让她走，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他们一直帮助她，竭尽全力确保她开心，并感到自己受到重视。A. cunted n指望，依靠；B. std by支持，帮助；C. fcused n集中于；D. drpped by顺便拜访。结合上文超市员工的做法及空后“make sure she’s happy and feeling valued”可知，他们总是帮助她，故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why d ducks swim in a rw? This phenmenn is s cmmn ____36____ it’s becme an expressin. But what’s the science behind getting yur ducks in a rw? Researchers have fund the answer—ducklings save energy by ____37____ (surf) their mm’s waves.
If yu have ever been t a pnd, yu’ve likely seen a grup f ducklings swimming behind their parent in ____38____ neat line. Why are they swimming in that frmatin? Well, ____39____ turns ut that there’s an answer t this cute spring phenmenn.
A study ____40____ (publish) earlier this year reveals ducklings save energy by staying in line behind their mther, where they can ride the waves created in her wake. The ____41____(measure) f duckling metablism (新陈代谢) shws these feathery fwls save energy by swimming behind a leader.
Naval architect, Zhiming Yuan ____42____ (create) cmputer simulatins f a mther duck’s wake three mnths ag. He fund that if a duckling is cruising in just the right spts, it can get a ____43____ (help) assist. Wave drag resists a yung duckling’s paddling, wasting sme f precius energy. T ur amazement, a duckling swimming behind a leader experiences much ____44____ (little) wave drag. The ducklings share this assist with their siblings, and each duckling in line ____45____ (pass) alng waves t the duckling behind it.
【答案】36. that
37. surfing
38. a 39. it
40. published
41. measurement
42. created
43. helpful
44. less 45. passes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章解释了为什么小鸭子总是排成一排跟着鸭妈妈后面游泳。
【36题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：这种现象非常普遍，以至于它已经成为一种表达方式。结合句意可知，此处考查s…that…引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
【37题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究人员找到了答案——小鸭子通过在妈妈的波痕里游泳来节省能量。作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式，by ding sth. (通过做某事)。故填surfing。
【38题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：如果你曾经到过一个池塘，你可能会看到一群小鸭子排成整齐的一排游在妈妈后面。line是可数名词，此处泛指“整齐的一排”，neat以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查it的用法。句意：事实证明，这个可爱的春天现象是有答案的。分析句子可知，空处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填it。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今年早些时候发表的一项研究表明，小鸭们在母亲身后排队以节省能量，这样它们就可以在母亲身后乘风破浪了。空处应用非谓语形式，动词publish和study之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词study，故填published。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：小鸭子新陈代谢的测量结果显示，这些长着羽毛的雏鸟靠跟在领先者后面游泳来节省体力。空处应填名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“测量结果”，用名词measurement，故填measurement。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：海军建筑师袁志明3个月前用电脑模拟了一只鸭妈妈的波浪。结合时间状语three mnths ag可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填created。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他发现，如果一只小鸭子在正确的位置航行，它会得到有用的助力。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词assist，helpful有帮助的。故填helpful。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：令我们惊讶的是，一只在领先者身后游泳的小鸭子所受到的波浪阻力要小得多。结合句意及空前的much可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填less。
【45题详解】
考查时态及主谓一致。句意：小鸭子和它们的兄弟姐妹共用这种助力，行列中的每只小鸭子把波浪传给它后面的一只小鸭子。结合上下文时态可知，句子是描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语each duckling是名词单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填passes。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华, 上周六下午你校在学校礼堂举行了消防逃生演练（fire drill）。请你写一篇英语日记，内容包括：
1. 消防讲座；
2. 逃生演练；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Saturday February 26
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 In rder t raise ur safety awareness, sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn. They shwed us what t d in case f a fire, hw t prevent the fire and hw t use different kinds f fire-fighting equipment. Then a fire drill was held. As sn as the alarm rang, all f us students ran dwnstairs ne by ne. We finally gt tgether at the playgrund safely ur teachers were waiting fr us. Thrugh the drill, we have learned hw t escape in an emergency. I think it is imprtant fr us t remain calm and knw what t d.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇日记，描述上周六下午在学校礼堂举行的消防逃生演练。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发表演讲：give a speech→deliver a speech
阻止：prevent → stp
最后：finally→eventually
保持：remain→ keep
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In rder t raise ur safety awareness, sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn.
拓展句：Sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn in rder that we culd raise ur safety awareness.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As sn as the alarm rang, all f us students ran dwnstairs ne by ne.（运用了as sn as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】We finally gt tgether at the playgrund safely where ur teachers were waiting fr us.（运用了where引导的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We were ut t change the wrld. This was ur time, ur senir year. My best friend Beth and I had big dreams and hpes fr ur last year in high schl.
“Kristi, did yu see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she lks s lst, s ut f place.” We had heard f a family that had just mved t ur twn frm the cuntry f Cambdia. We knew there was suppsed t be a new girl at ur schl frm that family, but we had yet t meet her until nw.
Leurn was a small dark-haired beauty. She was starting her freshman year in this new cuntry. She struggled with the little English she knew and that made it very hard fr her t get t knw peple in ur small twn.
We watched in the lunchrm frm ur “Senir Table”. This table was reserved fr ur “senir sprts jck(运动健将) friends,” and n ne else. Leurn wuld get her lunch tray with the rest f the students but she always kept her head dwn with her eyes fcused n the flr. She wuld then head t the nly table f girls she recgnized. Unfrtunately, it was the table fr the mst ppular girls in the freshman class. Every single day Leurn wuld sit at the very edge f her seat and eat as fast as she culd. She kept her eyes fixed n her fd and we never, ever saw her lk up. We wuld watch quietly as the ther girls were interacting with each ther at her table. They wuld make gestures t ne anther and laugh at Leurn while she ate.
As we paid attentin ver the next week, we never heard anyne s much as say “Hi” t Leurn. We decided t try ur hardest t let ne lnely girl knw that there were peple wh knew she existed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat with Leurn at the freshman girls’ table.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frm then n, Leurn began t change.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 We sat with Leurn at the freshman girls’ table. With lve and faith, we decided t let her knw that there were peple wh cared. We said “Hi ” and tried t encurage her t engage her in cnversatin. Gradually, she tk her eyes ff the flr and respnded t us with smiles and small talk. In the end, she lked up at me with beautiful eyes and in a lw whisper said “Thank Yu.”
Frm then n, Leurn began t change. She began t cmmunicate with everyne she wanted t knw. She als tk an active part in many activities, which usually invlve teamwrk and interactins with ther students. It seemed that she had nt difficulty adapting the new envirnment nw. She was enjying her schllife happily.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者新转来的学生Leurn受到同学们的嘲笑而很难融入新环境，作者决心帮助这个孤独的女孩的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们和Leurn坐在新生女生桌。”可知，第一段可描写作者想帮助Leurn，与她坐在一起交谈并鼓励她。
②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，Leurn开始改变。”可知，第二段可描写Leurn的变化。
2.续写线索：
鼓励Leurn加入谈话——Leurn有所回应——Leurn感谢作者——积极参加活动——适应新环境
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓励：encurage sb./cheer sb. up
②回应：respnd/in respnse t
③参加：take part in/jin in
情绪类
①感谢：say “Thank Yu”/shw her gratitude/be grateful
②开心：happily/delightedly
【点睛】[高分句型1].With lve and faith, we decided t let her knw that there were peple wh cared. （由关系代词wh引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]. She als tk an active part in many activities, which usually invlve teamwrk and interactins with ther students.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分 120分。考试时间 100 分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡相应的位置。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Teen adventure: Eurpe cast t cast 2022
If yu are interested in Eurpe Cast t Cast fr the summer f2022, please reach ut t us and we will ntify yu when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and pened the applicatin.
Hlland, Belgium, Paris
Our grup will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city f Haarlem befre picking up the well-traveled Nrdzeerute bike rute. This prtected, castal path winds its way alng the cast f the Nrth Sea fr nearly 300 miles, past windmills and ver banks. We’ll make ur way thrugh charming Dutch and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France. Once in France, we’ll ride quiet cuntry rads thrugh small villages, enjying the many delights f rural French life alng ur way. We’ll cntinue suth t Chantilly and take a train in t spend a day in the City f Light.
Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee
Frm Paris, we cntinue east thrugh the vineyard(葡萄园) cvered hills f the Champagne regin, int the green valleys f Alsace-Lrraine, and then n t Strasburg, right n France’s brder with Germany. We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest t the shres f Lake Cnstance, als knwn in Germany as the Bdensee. We’ll lk acrss this famus lake t the snw-cvered peaks f the Alps—the next leg f ur jurney tgether.
The Alps, Nrthern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bdensee, we’ll start ur climb int and thrugh the Austrian Alps. Shrtly after skirting the Swiss brder, we’ll crss int Bella Italia and begin ur dwnhill descent(斜坡) tward the warm waters f the Adriatic Sea. Upn arrival, we’ll put ur bikes away and spend ur final days tgether celebrating ur great cycling skills while explring Venice, ne f the wrld’s mst beautiful and mysterius cities.
1. Where will the adventurers explre the City f Light?
A. In France.B. In Hlland.C. In Belgium.D. In Germany.
2. What will the adventurers d in Germany?
A. Swim in the Rhine River.B. Sail n Lake Cnstance.
C. Get t the tp f the Alps.D. Ride thrugh the Black Frest.
3. Hw many cuntries will the adventurers crss in ttal?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.
【答案】1 A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了Eurpe cast t cast2022年夏季活动的行程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hlland, Belgium, Paris部分中“Once in France, we’ll ride quiet cuntry rads thrugh small villages, enjying the many delights f rural French life alng ur way. We’ll cntinue suth t Chantilly and take a train in t spend a day in the City f Light.(到达法国后，我们将在宁静的乡村道路上穿行，沿途欣赏法国乡村生活的种种乐趣。我们将继续向南前往尚蒂伊坐火车在光明之城度过一天。)”可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中“We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest t the shres f Lake Cnstance, als knwn in Germany as the Bdensee.(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林，来到康斯坦斯湖畔，在德国也被称为博登湖。)”可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hlland, Belgium, Paris部分中“We’ll make ur way thrugh charming Dutch and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France.(我们将穿过迷人的荷兰和比利时小镇穿过边境进入法国。)”及Rural France, Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中“We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest...(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林……)”及最后一段中“Leaving the Bdensee, we’ll start ur climb int and thrugh the Austrian Alps. Shrtly after skirting the Swiss brder, we’ll crss int Bella Italia...(离开博登湖，我们将开始攀登并穿过奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉。绕过瑞士边境后不久，我们将进入贝拉意大利……)”可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B项。
B
Despite Kyle Tianshi being nly a 15-year-ld US high schler, he has published five sci-fi nvels. His fifth bk Eventide was released in July. Hwever, this may nt be his mst impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Her Award”, a $20, 000 grand prize. It is the tp hnr in the Califrnia Yuth Sustainability Awards. The cmpetitin aims t encurage and supprt yung cmmunity leaders wh are making a difference fr sustainability in their cmmunities by taking actin fr the planet.
Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID. The device can detect micrscpic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and micrscpe. These particles can be harmful t peple and the envirnment.
Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg, Califrnia, US. Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water. Kyle spent abut $60 buying the tls needed t analyze the tap water: a laser, a micrscpe and a micr-cmputer. “It’s incredibly pwerful fr the price,” Kyle said. Then he used their family’s garage as his labratry, ding research n the pllutin f drinking water caused by micr-plastics.
Kyle hpes t bring t market a lw-cst alternative tl fr detecting micr-plastic pllutin levels in drinking water. In this way, he can ffer help t peple wh dn’t have access t water filtratin(过滤) systems. He has applied fr a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily, a freshman at Stanfrd University, inspired his interest in envirnmental research. She was recgnized natinally fr develping a water cllectin device. They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.
4. What d we knw abut Kyle?
A. He is gd at adapting sci-fi wrks.
B. He entered many nvel cntests.
C. He received an award fr his inventin.
D He’s fund micrscpic particles in water.
5. What led t Kyle’s creatin f NEREID?
A. Peple’s lack f clean drinking water.B. Peple’s pr living cnditins.
C. His desire t be a cmmunity leader.D. His family’s encuragement.
6. Which f the fllwing best describes Kyle?
A. Cnsiderate and brave.B. Optimistic and hnest.
C. Determined and humrus.D. Respnsible and creative.
7. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. The intrductin f NEREID.B. A by’s cntributin t literature.
C. The harm f plluted water.D. A US schler’s water slutin.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg, Califrnia, US. Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water.( Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”及文章最后一句“They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意，故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US, received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D项。
C
The exact lcatin in France where Dutch master Vincent van Ggh painted his last wrk f art has been discvered.
A Dutch researcher figured ut that a scene described in the artist’s last wrk, Tee Rt, was visible n a pstcard shwing a man standing next t a bicycle n a back street f the village Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Ggh spent the last weeks f his life in the village. Helpfully, the card even included the name f the street.
Researchers were given a unique glimpse(体验) int the famus painter’s final hurs. He was at wrk right up t the end.
Wuter van der Veen, scientific directr f the Van Ggh Institute in France, made the discvery. While stuck at hme, van de Veen used the extra time t rganize the numerus files and dcuments n van Ggh, including images such as the ld pstcard frm Auvers-sur-Oise. One day in late April, he saw the card n his cmputer screen and it suddenly struck him that he was lking at the lcatin f Tree Rts. Next t the man and his bicycle, rts and trees are clearly visible. He tk a virtual trip dwn the site using Ggle’s Street View.
“Villagers knw the spt and the main tree rt well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because f its shapes,” van der Veen said. “It was really hiding in vert sight.”
The discvery prvides turists with an extra reasn t visit Auvers-sur-Oise. “They travel a lt just fr ne reasn—t walk in the ftsteps f Vincent van Ggh. Nw they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,” van der Veen said. “And that’s a very mving thing fr a lt f peple. S I’m very happy t be able t share that with all thse wh lve van Ggh.”
8. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. What the pstcard revealed.B. Hw Tee Rts was discvered.
C. Why Auvers-sur-Oise became knwn.D. Where van Ggh painted his wrks.
9. Hw did van der Veen cnfirm his discvery?
A. He studied a picture f Auvers-sur-Oise.
B. He rganized his data n van Ggh.
C. He traveled t France t see fr himself.
D. He paid a visit t the spt nline.
10. What des the underlined wrd “vert” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Mixed.B. Obvius.C. Lvely.D. Strange.
11. What can we infer abut turists t Auvers-sur-Oise?
A. They enjy explring hw t paint.B. They share their lve fr van Ggh.
C. They admire van Ggh very much.D. They want t experience the life there.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了研究人员偶然间在一张明信片上发现了梵高人生最后一幅画创作的地点。
8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A Dutch researcher figured ut that a scene described in the artist’s last wrk, Tree Rt, was visible n a pstcard shwing a man standing next t a bicycle n a back street f the village Auvers-sur-Oise.（一位荷兰研究人员发现，在一张明信片上可以看到梵高的最后一幅画《树根》中描绘的场景，一名男子站在奥维尔村庄一条后街上的自行车旁）”可知，第二段承接上文，主要描述这一发现的由来，即一张明信片上发现了梵高最后一幅画中的场景。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He tk a virtual trip dwn the site using Ggle’s Street View.（他通过谷歌街景对该地点进行了一次虚拟旅行）”可知，研究人员van der Veen正是在看过明信片后，通过谷歌街景的模拟旅行进行了确认。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中van der Veen的话“Villagers knw the spt and the main tree rt well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because f its shapes,（村民们都知道这个地方和主干树根，甚至根据其形状命名为“大象”）”和”It was really hiding in vert sight.（它真的就藏在眼皮底下）”可知，联系上下文，显然梵高最后一幅画中的地方并不是无毛之地，相反很多人都知道这里，但就是没有人将它们联系起来，vert在这里应表示“明显的”以表达“藏在眼皮底下”的含义。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中van der Veen的话“They travel a lt just fr ne reasn—t walk in the ftsteps f Vincent van Ggh. Nw they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,（他们很多人来旅游都是抱着一个目的——追寻梵高的足迹。现在他们可以站在他创作最后一幅画的地方了）”和“And that’s a very mving thing fr a lt f peple. S I’m very happy t be able t share that with all thse wh lve van Ggh（对许多人来说这是很感人的一件事。所以我很高兴能与那些喜爱梵高的人分享这一点）”可知，慕名而来的游客们大都是出于对梵高的欣赏和仰慕、想要追寻他最后的足迹。故选C项。
D
Plants dn’t have ears r a central nervus system, but new research ut f the University f Missuri has demnstrated that they might still have the ability t “hear”. Mre specifically, plants have been shwn t exhibit an immune(免疫) respnse t the mere sund f a hungry insect.
Fr the study, researchers played the sund f a caterpillar chewing t a grup f plants, which caused slight vibratins(振动) n the plants’ leaves. The plants were able t recgnize these vibratin patterns as danger, and respnded by munting the apprpriate immune respnse. In ther wrds, it appears that plants can “hear” themselves being chewed n.
Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks t prteins that respnd t pressure fund within their cell membranes. Vibratins cause pressure changes within the cell, which can change the behavir f the prteins; hwever, additinal study will be required t cnfirm r deny this thery.
Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this prcess it culd lead t advances in crp prtectin. Farmers culd ptentially learn t use sund t cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning t pisnus chemicals.
“We can imagine applicatins f this where plants culd be treated with sund r genetically engineered t respnd t certain sunds that wuld be useful fr agriculture,” said study authr Heidi Appel.
The study adds t the grwing list f ways that plants have been shwn t sense their envirnments. They are nt the bring rganisms that many peple assume they are. Fr instance sme plants are able t cmmunicate with each ther and signal upcming danger t their neighbrs by releasing chemicals int the air. Plants can respnd t light (think abut sunflwers) and temperature. Sme can even respnd t tuch, such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草), which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.
12. Why did researchers carry ut the study?
A. T find ut if plants can react t sunds.
B. T learn hw plants recgnize dangers.
C. T discver if plants can shake their leaves.
D. T see hw plants imprve immune systems.
13. What’s the ptential use f researchers’ discvery?
A. T remve insects.B. T prtect crps.
C. T treat plant diseases.D. T prduce chemicals.
14. What des the authr intend t tell us in the last paragraph?
A. There are mre plants than we knw.
B. Plants are mre active than we think.
C. Plants fit in well with their envirnments.
D. Lts f secrets abut plants remain unclear.
15. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can plants “talk” with each ther?
B. Hw d plants make use f sunds?
C. Can plants “hear” themselves being eaten?
D. Hw d plants defend themselves against attacks?
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mre specifically, plants have been shwn t exhibit an immune(免疫) respnse t the mere sund f a hungry insect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“Fr the study, researchers played the sund f a caterpillar chewing t a grup f plants, which caused slight vibratins(振动) n the plants’ leaves. The plants were able t recgnize these vibratin patterns as danger, and respnded by munting the apprpriate immune respnse.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this prcess, it culd lead t advances in crp prtectin. Farmers culd ptentially learn t use sund t cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning t pisnus chemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“The study adds t the grwing list f ways that plants have been shwn t sense their envirnments. They are nt the bring rganisms that many peple assume they are.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plants dn’t have ears r a central nervus system, but new research ut f the University f Missuri has demnstrated that they might still have the ability t “hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The vast majrity f parents expect their children t grw up t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety. ____16____ If we dn’t give parenting everything we’ve gt, ur kids will wind up unemplyed, living in ur basements, and there will be n ne t blame but urselves. That’s what I like t call the “perfect parent myth”.
The standards f perfectin fr parents these days are extremely high. Perfect parenting expectatins begin with a drug free natural birth. Once ur yung are brn we must breastfeed each baby fr years. If we can’t breasted, we must at least feed n demand. ____17____ Let’s als nt frget t rganize ur children’s days s they are engaged in educatinal pursuits in case they fall behind the curve (弯道). We must be invlved in every aspect f ur children’s schls. There is n free time fr the perfect parent. ____18____
These standards are unreasnable. They’re als crazy. Parents can’t be perfect. Why? Because we’re human and s are ur children. ____19____ They are predictable and when they are unruly we can shut them dwn. Parenting is nthing like that.
____20____ But, by the parent being less than perfect, the child will need t adapt and develp skills t vercme little disappintments. There is flexibility and rm fr real-life mistakes and limitatins t ur parenting abilities.
A. We must make ur wn baby fd.
B. They are pushing themselves t far.
C. Rbts wuld be much easier t parent.
D. There is nly unlimited devtin t ur children.
E. A gd enugh parent meets the needs f their children.
F. Parents have n enugh time t live up t these high standards.
G. T meet thse gals, parents are tld that they must spare n effrt.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，人们对于完美的父母有很多高标准，但作者认为父母没有时间去达到那些高标准，现实生活中的错误和养育孩子的能力是有弹性和空间的。
【16题详解】
根据前一句“The vast majrity f parents expect their children t grw up t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety.(绝大多数父母希望他们的孩子成长为健康、快乐和对社会有贡献的成员)”并结合空后一句“If we dn’t give parenting everything we’ve gt, ur kids will wind up unemplyed, living in ur basements, and there will be n ne t blame but urselves.(如果我们不尽一切努力养育孩子，我们的孩子最终会失业，住在我们的地下室里，那就只能怪我们自己了)”可知，父母对孩子有很多期望，如果孩子最后没有成功就只能怪父母，所以推测空处讲述父母为了让孩子成功应该奉献一切，G项“为了达到这些目标，父母们被告知必须不遗余力。”承上启下，G项中的these gals呼应前一句中“t be healthy, happy, and prductive members f sciety”，故选G项。
【17题详解】
结合空前两句“Once ur yung are brn we must breastfeed each baby fr years. If we can’t breasted, we must at least feed n demand.(一旦我们的孩子出生，我们必须多年母乳喂养每个孩子。如果我们不能哺乳，我们至少得根据需要喂养)”可知，此处是讲述孩子喂养方面对父母的高标准，A项“我们必须自己做婴儿食品。”符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据本段内容及空前一句“There is n free time fr the perfect parent.(完美的父母是没有空闲时间的)”可知，完美父母的标准很苛刻，没有空闲时间，分析选项，D项“只有对我们的孩子无限的奉献。”符合语境，句式与空前一句一致，意义上形成对比，故选D项。
【19题详解】
空前“These standards are unreasnable. They’re als crazy. Parents can’t be perfect. Why? Because we’re human and s are ur children.(这些标准是不合理的。它们也很疯狂。父母不可能十全十美。为什么？因为我们是人，孩子也是人)”解释上文为什么父母并不是完美的，分析选项，F项“父母没有足够的时间来达到这些高标准。”承接上文，继续说明父母不完美的原因。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后一句“But, by the parent being less than perfect, the child will need t adapt and develp skills t vercme little disappintments.(但是，如果父母不够完美，孩子将需要适应和发展技能，以克服小失望)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是描述完美父母的情况，E项“一个好的父亲或母亲能够满足孩子的需要。”符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ms. Salmn had nly been wrking at Sainsbury’s fr a year when she was diagnsed(诊断) with Alzheimer’s disease. Befre that, she had been ____21____ t leave her jb as a bkkeeper because she was becming increasingly ____22____.
Upn being infrmed f her diagnsis, ____23____, the Sainsbury’s staffers started ding all they culd t make sure that Ms. Salmn felt cmfrtable and ____24____. Fr the next fur years, Sainsbury’s did everything t keep Ms. Salmn n the team. They changed her ____25____; they stayed in ____26____ with her family s they culd prvide ____27____ n her cnditin at wrk; they ____28____ retrained her. When the disease prgressed, Sainsbury’s even created an entirely ____29____ jb fr her as a “tte bx cleaner”.
In 2017, Ms. Salmn’s received a medical ____30____ that said her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage, and she was ____31____ unemplyable. Again, Sainsbury’s kept her n the team.
Ms. Salmn’s ____32____ finally came t an end 6 mnths later, and thugh it was an emtinal ____33____, she was als relieved.
“There have been s many times Sainsbury’s culd have let her ____34____,” Ms. Salmn’s sn Drn said. “Instead, they have always ____35____ her, ging abve and beynd t make sure she’s happy and feeling valued. On a human level, they have shwn sensitivity, kindness and care.”
21. A. warnedB. allwedC. inspiredD. frced
22. A. disrganizedB. wrriedC. bad-temperedD. ill-mannered
23. A. meanwhileB. therefreC. hweverD. mrever
24. A. appreciatedB. interestedC. amazedD. cnnected
25. A. lifestyleB. hursC. dietD. attitude
26. A. harmnyB. cntactC. agreementD. cperatin
27. A. pininsB. suggestinsC. instructinsD. updates
28. A. rarelyB. ccasinallyC. regularlyD. temprarily
29. A. traditinalB. newC. strangeD. easy
30. A. assessmentB. prgramC. paperD. certificate
31. A. madeB. prvedC. declaredD. fund
32. A. frtuneB. adventureC. emplymentD. treatment
33. A. prblemB. experienceC. cnsequenceD. departure
34. A. gB. surviveC. wrkD. suffer
35. A. cunted nB. std byC. fcused nD. drpped by
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，Salmn女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作一年时被诊断出阿尔兹海默症，超市不仅没有解雇Salmn女士，反而一直支持帮助她，展示了人性、善良和关爱。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. warned警告；B. allwed允许；C. inspired启发，鼓舞；D. frced强迫。结合语境及“because she was becming increasingly ____2____ ”可知，被诊断为阿尔兹海默症后应是“被迫”辞去工作。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A. disrganized无条理的；B. wrried担心的；C. bad-tempered脾气不好的；D. ill-mannered无礼的。结合语境可知，得了阿尔兹海默症后应是做事没有条理。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salmn女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A. meanwhile同时；B. therefre因此；C. hwever然而；D. mrever此外。根据“the Sainsbury’s staffers started ding all they culd t make sure that Ms. Salmn felt cmfrtable”可知，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们得知Salmn女士患病后的做法与上文被辞退相反，故此处表示转折。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salmn女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A. appreciated赏识的，感激的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. cnnected有联系的，相关的。根据下一句“Fr the next fur years, Sainsbury’s did everything t keep Ms. Salmn n the team.(在接下来的四年里，塞恩斯伯里超市的人想尽一切办法留住Salmn女士。)”可知，此处指让Salmn女士感到舒适，能够和人交流。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们改变了她的工作时间。A. lifestyle生活方式；B. hurs小时，（工作/办公等）固定时间；C. diet饮食；D. attitude态度。结合语境可知，Salmn女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作，所以此处指超市改变了她的工作时间，其他选项不符合语境。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. harmny和谐；B. cntact联系；C. agreement同意，一致；D. cperatin合作。结合“s they culd prvide ____7____ n her cnditin at wrk”可知，此处指超市与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她的最新情况。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A. pinins观点；B. suggestins建议；C. instructins指令，说明；D. updates更新，最新消息。结合语境可知，此处指提供她的最新情况。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们定期对她进行再培训。A. rarely很少；B. ccasinally偶尔；C. regularly定期，有规律地；D. temprarily临时。结合语境可知，Salmn女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市应是“定期”给她反复培训。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当疾病恶化时，塞恩斯伯里超市甚至为她创造了一份全新的工作——“手提袋清洁工”。A. traditinal传统的；B. new新的；C. strange奇怪的，陌生的；D. easy容易的。结合“When the disease prgressed”可知，Salmn女士病情恶化，应是无法再胜任工作，所以超市善意地给她创造了一份“全新的”工作。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salmn女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. assessment评估；B. prgram计划，项目；C. paper纸张；D. certificate证书。结合“her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage”可知，应是对病情进行评估，才知道她的病情发展到了晚期。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salmn女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A. made使，让，制作；B. prved证明；C. declared宣布，声明；D. fund发现。结合语境及“her Alzheimer’s had prgressed t the advanced stage”可知，她病情到了晚期，“被宣布”没有工作能力了。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salmn女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. frtune财富，运气；B. adventure冒险；C. emplyment工作，就业；D. treatment对待，治疗。结合上文“she was ____11____ unemplyable”可知，此处指职业生涯结束。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salmn女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A. prblem问题；B. experience经历，经验；C.cnsequence结果；D. departure离开。结合上一句中“came t an end”可知，此处指精神上的“离开”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞恩斯伯里超市有很多次本可以让她走。A. g走；B. survive生存；C. wrk工作；D. suffer遭受。结合上文内容可知，Salmn女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市本可以让她走，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他们一直帮助她，竭尽全力确保她开心，并感到自己受到重视。A. cunted n指望，依靠；B. std by支持，帮助；C. fcused n集中于；D. drpped by顺便拜访。结合上文超市员工的做法及空后“make sure she’s happy and feeling valued”可知，他们总是帮助她，故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why d ducks swim in a rw? This phenmenn is s cmmn ____36____ it’s becme an expressin. But what’s the science behind getting yur ducks in a rw? Researchers have fund the answer—ducklings save energy by ____37____ (surf) their mm’s waves.
If yu have ever been t a pnd, yu’ve likely seen a grup f ducklings swimming behind their parent in ____38____ neat line. Why are they swimming in that frmatin? Well, ____39____ turns ut that there’s an answer t this cute spring phenmenn.
A study ____40____ (publish) earlier this year reveals ducklings save energy by staying in line behind their mther, where they can ride the waves created in her wake. The ____41____(measure) f duckling metablism (新陈代谢) shws these feathery fwls save energy by swimming behind a leader.
Naval architect, Zhiming Yuan ____42____ (create) cmputer simulatins f a mther duck’s wake three mnths ag. He fund that if a duckling is cruising in just the right spts, it can get a ____43____ (help) assist. Wave drag resists a yung duckling’s paddling, wasting sme f precius energy. T ur amazement, a duckling swimming behind a leader experiences much ____44____ (little) wave drag. The ducklings share this assist with their siblings, and each duckling in line ____45____ (pass) alng waves t the duckling behind it.
【答案】36. that
37. surfing
38. a 39. it
40. published
41. measurement
42. created
43. helpful
44. less 45. passes
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章解释了为什么小鸭子总是排成一排跟着鸭妈妈后面游泳。
【36题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：这种现象非常普遍，以至于它已经成为一种表达方式。结合句意可知，此处考查s…that…引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
【37题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究人员找到了答案——小鸭子通过在妈妈的波痕里游泳来节省能量。作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式，by ding sth. (通过做某事)。故填surfing。
【38题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：如果你曾经到过一个池塘，你可能会看到一群小鸭子排成整齐的一排游在妈妈后面。line是可数名词，此处泛指“整齐的一排”，neat以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查it的用法。句意：事实证明，这个可爱的春天现象是有答案的。分析句子可知，空处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填it。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今年早些时候发表的一项研究表明，小鸭们在母亲身后排队以节省能量，这样它们就可以在母亲身后乘风破浪了。空处应用非谓语形式，动词publish和study之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词study，故填published。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：小鸭子新陈代谢的测量结果显示，这些长着羽毛的雏鸟靠跟在领先者后面游泳来节省体力。空处应填名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“测量结果”，用名词measurement，故填measurement。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：海军建筑师袁志明3个月前用电脑模拟了一只鸭妈妈的波浪。结合时间状语three mnths ag可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填created。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他发现，如果一只小鸭子在正确的位置航行，它会得到有用的助力。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词assist，helpful有帮助的。故填helpful。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：令我们惊讶的是，一只在领先者身后游泳的小鸭子所受到的波浪阻力要小得多。结合句意及空前的much可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填less。
【45题详解】
考查时态及主谓一致。句意：小鸭子和它们的兄弟姐妹共用这种助力，行列中的每只小鸭子把波浪传给它后面的一只小鸭子。结合上下文时态可知，句子是描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语each duckling是名词单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填passes。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华, 上周六下午你校在学校礼堂举行了消防逃生演练（fire drill）。请你写一篇英语日记，内容包括：
1. 消防讲座；
2. 逃生演练；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Saturday February 26
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 In rder t raise ur safety awareness, sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn. They shwed us what t d in case f a fire, hw t prevent the fire and hw t use different kinds f fire-fighting equipment. Then a fire drill was held. As sn as the alarm rang, all f us students ran dwnstairs ne by ne. We finally gt tgether at the playgrund safely ur teachers were waiting fr us. Thrugh the drill, we have learned hw t escape in an emergency. I think it is imprtant fr us t remain calm and knw what t d.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇日记，描述上周六下午在学校礼堂举行的消防逃生演练。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发表演讲：give a speech→deliver a speech
阻止：prevent → stp
最后：finally→eventually
保持：remain→ keep
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In rder t raise ur safety awareness, sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn.
拓展句：Sme firefighters were invited t ur schl t give a speech last Saturday afternn in rder that we culd raise ur safety awareness.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As sn as the alarm rang, all f us students ran dwnstairs ne by ne.（运用了as sn as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】We finally gt tgether at the playgrund safely where ur teachers were waiting fr us.（运用了where引导的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We were ut t change the wrld. This was ur time, ur senir year. My best friend Beth and I had big dreams and hpes fr ur last year in high schl.
“Kristi, did yu see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she lks s lst, s ut f place.” We had heard f a family that had just mved t ur twn frm the cuntry f Cambdia. We knew there was suppsed t be a new girl at ur schl frm that family, but we had yet t meet her until nw.
Leurn was a small dark-haired beauty. She was starting her freshman year in this new cuntry. She struggled with the little English she knew and that made it very hard fr her t get t knw peple in ur small twn.
We watched in the lunchrm frm ur “Senir Table”. This table was reserved fr ur “senir sprts jck(运动健将) friends,” and n ne else. Leurn wuld get her lunch tray with the rest f the students but she always kept her head dwn with her eyes fcused n the flr. She wuld then head t the nly table f girls she recgnized. Unfrtunately, it was the table fr the mst ppular girls in the freshman class. Every single day Leurn wuld sit at the very edge f her seat and eat as fast as she culd. She kept her eyes fixed n her fd and we never, ever saw her lk up. We wuld watch quietly as the ther girls were interacting with each ther at her table. They wuld make gestures t ne anther and laugh at Leurn while she ate.
As we paid attentin ver the next week, we never heard anyne s much as say “Hi” t Leurn. We decided t try ur hardest t let ne lnely girl knw that there were peple wh knew she existed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat with Leurn at the freshman girls’ table.
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Frm then n, Leurn began t change.
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【答案】 We sat with Leurn at the freshman girls’ table. With lve and faith, we decided t let her knw that there were peple wh cared. We said “Hi ” and tried t encurage her t engage her in cnversatin. Gradually, she tk her eyes ff the flr and respnded t us with smiles and small talk. In the end, she lked up at me with beautiful eyes and in a lw whisper said “Thank Yu.”
Frm then n, Leurn began t change. She began t cmmunicate with everyne she wanted t knw. She als tk an active part in many activities, which usually invlve teamwrk and interactins with ther students. It seemed that she had nt difficulty adapting the new envirnment nw. She was enjying her schllife happily.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者新转来的学生Leurn受到同学们的嘲笑而很难融入新环境，作者决心帮助这个孤独的女孩的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们和Leurn坐在新生女生桌。”可知，第一段可描写作者想帮助Leurn，与她坐在一起交谈并鼓励她。
②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，Leurn开始改变。”可知，第二段可描写Leurn的变化。
2.续写线索：
鼓励Leurn加入谈话——Leurn有所回应——Leurn感谢作者——积极参加活动——适应新环境
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓励：encurage sb./cheer sb. up
②回应：respnd/in respnse t
③参加：take part in/jin in
情绪类
①感谢：say “Thank Yu”/shw her gratitude/be grateful
②开心：happily/delightedly
【点睛】[高分句型1].With lve and faith, we decided t let her knw that there were peple wh cared. （由关系代词wh引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]. She als tk an active part in many activities, which usually invlve teamwrk and interactins with ther students.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
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