专题 7：阅读与完形（广州地区专用）九年级下册英语期中专题复习讲义

这是一份专题 7：阅读与完形（广州地区专用）九年级下册英语期中专题复习讲义，共15页。学案主要包含了核心考点，例题，练习题，练习题参考答案及解析，复习提示等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、核心考点（必记）
本专题聚焦九下U1-U4期中必考阅读与完形题型，核心考查语境分析、逻辑推断、词汇/短语运用及解题技巧，适配广州期中题型（完形填空1篇、阅读理解3-5篇），话题严格贴合U1-U4核心主题（探险、文化差异、环保、自然灾害），兼顾基础题与中档题，助力学生突破题型难点、提升得分率。
1. 完形填空核心考点：
- 词汇：U1-U4高频词、词性转换、易混词辨析；
- 短语：U1-U4固定搭配（set ff, take actin, used t d等）；
- 技巧：语境填词、逻辑推断（转折/因果/顺承）、固定搭配运用、语法适配（时态/被动语态）。
2. 阅读理解核心考点：
- 题型：细节查找题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、推理判断题（期中必考四大题型）；
- 话题：探险故事、文化差异、环境保护、自然灾害（贴合U1-U4单元主题）；
- 技巧：定位关键词、梳理文章逻辑、排除干扰选项、结合语境猜词。
3. 对应单元：完形/阅读话题均来自U1（探险）、U2（文化差异）、U3（环保）、U4（自然灾害），词汇/短语完全贴合单元重点。
二、例题（完形1篇+阅读2篇，覆盖核心题型）
（一）完形填空例题（1篇，10空，贴合U1探险话题）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Clumbus was ne f the greatest explrers in histry. He always dreamed f 1.________ new lands and set ff n his first jurney in 1492. At that time, many peple thught the earth was flat, and they were in 2.________ f sailing t far. But Clumbus was brave and never gave up.
After a lng jurney at sea, his team 3.________ a new land. They were very excited because they thught they had reached India. Later, peple 4.________ that it was a new cntinent—America. Clumbus’s jurney 5.________ a great difference t the wrld. It pened a new chapter fr wrld explratin.
Thugh Clumbus didn’t get rich frm his jurney, he is still 6.________ as a great explrer. His stry tells us that curage and perseverance can help us 7.________ ur dreams. We shuld learn frm him and never be afraid t 8.________ new things.
1. A. discvering B. discver C. discver D. discvered
2. A. happy B. fear C. excited D. surprise
3. A. invented B. fund C. lked D. lked fr
4. A. realized B. thught C. said D. tld
5. A. made B. did C. tk D. gave
6. A. knwn B. called C. said D. named
7. A. cme true B. achieve C. make D. d
8. A. try B. take C. set D. get
9. A. difficult B. easy C. imprtant D. interesting
10. A. in B. n C. at D. fr
参考答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
解析：
1. 考查动名词，dream f ding sth. 为固定搭配，选A；
2. 考查固定短语in fear f，表“害怕……”，结合语境“人们害怕航行太远”，选B；
3. 考查动词辨析，find强调“发现”结果，结合语境“发现新大陆”，选B；
4. 考查动词辨析，realize表“意识到”，结合语境“人们后来意识到那是新大陆”，选A；
5. 考查固定短语make a difference，表“有影响”，选A；
6. 考查固定短语be knwn as，表“作为……而闻名”，选A；
7. 考查动词辨析，achieve ne’s dreams表“实现梦想”，cme true后不接宾语，选B；
8. 考查动词辨析，try new things表“尝试新事物”，贴合语境，选A；
9. 考查形容词辨析，结合语境“哥伦布的旅程对世界很重要”，选C；
10. 考查介词，n ne’s jurney表“在旅程中”，固定搭配，选B。
（二）阅读理解例题（2篇，贴合U3环保、U4自然灾害话题）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
【阅读A】（环保话题，U3）
Pllutin is a serius prblem in the wrld tday. It affects ur envirnment and ur health. There are many kinds f pllutin, such as air pllutin, water pllutin and land pllutin.
Air pllutin is caused by cars, factries and burning cal. It can make peple ill and even cause death. Water pllutin is caused by rubbish and chemicals. Many fish die because f plluted water. Land pllutin is caused by thrwing away t much rubbish.
We can take actin t reduce pllutin. We can walk r ride bikes instead f driving cars. We can recycle paper, plastic and glass. We can als plant mre trees t make ur air clean. Everyne can make a difference t prtect ur earth.
1. What is the main idea f this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. Different kinds f pllutin and ways t reduce it. B. Hw t prtect ur health.
C. The causes f air pllutin. D. Hw t recycle paper.
2. Which f the fllwing causes air pllutin?（细节查找题）
A. Planting trees. B. Driving cars. C. Recycling plastic. D. Saving water.
3. What des the underlined wrd “affects” mean in Chinese?（词义猜测题）
A. 改善 B. 影响 C. 保护 D. 破坏
参考答案：1.A 2.B 3.B
解析：
1. 主旨大意题：文章第一段讲污染是严重问题，第二段讲污染的种类和原因，第三段讲减少污染的方法，故选A；
2. 细节查找题：根据第二段第一句“Air pllutin is caused by cars, factries and burning cal”，可知开车会导致空气污染，故选B；
3. 词义猜测题：结合语境“污染影响我们的环境和健康”，affects意为“影响”，故选B。
【阅读B】（自然灾害话题，U4）
Earthquakes are terrible natural disasters. They can happen suddenly and destry many huses and buildings. When an earthquake happens, it is imprtant t keep calm.
If yu are indrs, yu shuld stay under a strng table r desk. Yu shuld nt run ut f the rm r use the lift. If yu are utdrs, yu shuld stay away frm buildings, trees and pwer lines. Yu shuld als avid standing near windws r glass drs.
After the earthquake, yu shuld check if yu are hurt. Yu shuld als help peple in need. Remember, staying calm and fllwing safety rules can help yu survive an earthquake.
1. What shuld yu d if yu are indrs during an earthquake?（细节查找题）
A. Run ut f the rm quickly. B. Use the lift t get dwn.
C. Stay under a strng table. D. Stand near windws.
2. Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the passage?（判断正误题）
A. Earthquakes can happen suddenly. B. Earthquakes can destry buildings.
C. Yu shuld keep calm during an earthquake. D. Yu can use the lift during an earthquake.
3. What is the purpse f this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. T tell us hw earthquakes happen. B. T give safety advice during earthquakes.
C. T talk abut the histry f earthquakes. D. T describe the damage f earthquakes.
参考答案：1.C 2.D 3.B
解析：
1. 细节查找题：根据第二段第一句“If yu are indrs, yu shuld stay under a strng table r desk”，故选C；
2. 判断正误题：根据第二段第二句“Yu shuld nt run ut f the rm r use the lift”，可知地震时不能用电梯，D选项错误；
3. 主旨大意题：文章主要讲地震发生时的安全建议，故选B。
三、练习题（完形1篇10空 + 阅读5篇，适配期中题型）
（一）完形填空（1篇，10空，贴合U2文化差异话题）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When I first went t America, I met a lt f culture shck. Peple there are mre utging than I thught. They ften smile at strangers and talk ludly in public, which is different frm my cuntry.
I 1.________ t live in a quiet village, but nw I live in a big city in America. At first, I was nt used t 2.________ with strangers. I was als cnfused abut their custms. Fr example, peple there ften 3.________ hands when they meet fr the first time. In my cuntry, we usually bw t each ther.
My American friend Tm helped me a lt. He tld me abut American custms and 4.________ me t talk mre with peple. He said that it’s imprtant t 5.________ different cultures. With his help, I gradually fit in and made many friends.
Nw I 6.________ used t the life in America. I knw that culture differences are nt bad. They make the wrld mre clrful. I als 7.________ that we shuld respect different cultures and try t understand them. If yu have a chance t g t anther cuntry, dn’t be 8.________. Just pen yur heart and enjy the different culture.
1. A. used B. am used C. was used D. use
2. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. talks
3. A. shake B. shake C. shk D. shaking
4. A. encurage B. encurages C. encuraged D. encuraging
5. A. respect B. change C. destry D. reduce
6. A. get B. am C. was D. have
7. A. realize B. think C. say D. tell
8. A. happy B. excited C. afraid D. interested
9. A. different B. same C. difficult D. easy
10. A. in B. n C. at D. with
（二）阅读理解（5篇，贴合U1-U4话题，每篇5题，共25题）
【阅读1】（U1探险话题）
Rald Amundsen was a famus Nrwegian explrer. He was the first persn t reach the Suth Ple. In 1911, he set ff n his jurney t the Suth Ple with his team. They tk dgs and sleds t carry their fd and equipment.
The jurney was very difficult. The weather was terrible—cld and windy. Smetimes the temperature drpped t -40℃. But Amundsen and his team were brave and well-prepared. They traveled fr mnths and finally reached the Suth Ple n December 14, 1911.
Amundsen’s success made him famus all ver the wrld. He prved that with curage and preparatin, peple can achieve impssible things. His stry has inspired many explrers t explre the unknwn.
1. Where was Rald Amundsen frm?（细节查找题）
A. America. B. Nrway. C. England. D. France.
2. What did Amundsen take t carry fd and equipment?（细节查找题）
A. Cars. B. Planes. C. Dgs and sleds. D. Ships.
3. When did Amundsen reach the Suth Ple?（细节查找题）
A. In 1910. B. In 1911. C. In 1912. D. In 1913.
4. What des the underlined wrd “inspired” mean in Chinese?（词义猜测题）
A. 阻止 B. 启发 C. 破坏 D. 影响
5. What can we learn frm Amundsen’s stry?（推理判断题）
A. Explratin is easy. B. Curage and preparatin are imprtant. C. The Suth Ple is warm. D. Dgs are nt useful in explratin.
【阅读2】（U2文化差异话题）
Different cuntries have different cultures. When yu travel t anther cuntry, yu shuld learn abut their custms t avid misunderstanding.
In Japan, peple bw t shw respect. The deeper the bw, the mre respect they shw. In sme Western cuntries, peple shake hands when they meet. They als like t keep a certain distance when talking—usually abut 1 meter. In Middle Eastern cuntries, peple ften hug r kiss n the cheek when they meet friends.
It’s als imprtant t knw abut table manners. In China, peple use chpsticks t eat. In Western cuntries, peple use knives and frks. In India, peple dn’t eat with their left hands because they think it’s unclean.
Learning abut different cultures can help us get alng well with peple frm ther cuntries. It can als make ur trip mre enjyable.
1. What d peple in Japan d t shw respect?（细节查找题）
A. Shake hands. B. Bw. C. Hug. D. Kiss.
2. Hw far d Western peple usually keep when talking?（细节查找题）
A. Abut 0.5 meters. B. Abut 1 meter. C. Abut 1.5 meters. D. Abut 2 meters.
3. Why dn’t peple in India eat with their left hands?（细节查找题）
A. Because it’s nt cnvenient. B. Because they dn’t have left hands. C. Because they think it’s unclean. D. Because they use chpsticks.
4. What is the main idea f this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. Different cuntries have different cultures and custms. B. Hw t use chpsticks. C. Hw t shake hands. D. Table manners in Western cuntries.
5. Which f the fllwing is NOT true?（判断正误题）
A. Peple in Middle Eastern cuntries ften hug friends. B. Western peple use knives and frks t eat. C. The deeper the bw in Japan, the mre respect it shws. D. Peple in China dn’t use chpsticks.
【阅读3】（U3环保话题）
Nwadays, envirnmental prtectin is becming mre and mre imprtant. We need t take actin t prtect ur earth befre it’s t late.
There are many ways t prtect the envirnment. First, we can reduce waste. We shuld nt buy t many things we dn’t need. Secnd, we can recycle paper, plastic and glass. Recycling can help save natural resurces. Third, we can plant mre trees. Trees can absrb carbn dixide and make the air clean. Furth, we can save water and electricity. We shuld turn ff the lights when we leave the rm and turn ff the tap when we brush ur teeth.
Everyne can make a difference. Even small actins can help prtect ur envirnment. Let’s wrk tgether t make the wrld a better place.
1. What is the main idea f this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. Hw t save water. B. Ways t prtect the envirnment. C. Hw t recycle paper. D. The imprtance f trees.
2. Which f the fllwing is NOT a way t prtect the envirnment?（细节查找题）
A. Reduce waste. B. Recycle plastic. C. Cut dwn trees. D. Save electricity.
3. What can trees d?（细节查找题）
A. Prduce carbn dixide. B. Make the air dirty. C. Absrb carbn dixide. D. Waste water.
4. What des the underlined wrd “absrb” mean in Chinese?（词义猜测题）
A. 释放 B. 吸收 C. 产生 D. 破坏
5. What can we learn frm the passage?（推理判断题）
A. Only big actins can prtect the envirnment. B. We dn’t need t save water. C. Everyne can help prtect the envirnment. D. Recycling is nt imprtant.
【阅读4】（U4自然灾害话题）
Flds are ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. They happen when there is t much rain r when rivers break their banks. Flds can destry huses, crps and rads. They can als make peple lse their hmes and lives.
It’s imprtant t knw hw t stay safe during a fld. If yu are in a lw-lying area, yu shuld mve t higher grund quickly. Yu shuld nt walk r drive thrugh fldwater, because it may be deeper than it lks. Yu shuld als take imprtant things with yu, such as fd, water and clthes.
After the fld, yu shuld nt drink fldwater, because it may be plluted. Yu shuld als check yur huse fr damage and help peple in need. Remember, being prepared can save yur life.
1. When d flds happen?（细节查找题）
A. When there is t little rain. B. When there is t much rain. C. When it is t cld. D. When it is t ht.
2. What can flds destry?（细节查找题）
A. Huses and crps. B. Trees and flwers. C. Cars and planes. D. Bks and pens.
3. What shuld yu d if yu are in a lw-lying area during a fld?（细节查找题）
A. Stay there. B. Walk thrugh fldwater. C. Mve t higher grund. D. Drive thrugh fldwater.
4. Why shuld yu nt drink fldwater after the fld?（细节查找题）
A. Because it’s t cld. B. Because it’s t ht. C. Because it may be plluted. D. Because it’s nt enugh.
5. What is the best title fr this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. What is a fld? B. Hw t stay safe during a fld. C. The damage f flds. D. Hw t prevent flds.
【阅读5】（综合话题，U1-U4结合）
Explratin, culture, envirnment and natural disasters are imprtant tpics in ur life. Clumbus discvered America and pened a new wrld fr peple. Different cuntries have different cultures, and we shuld respect them. Prtecting the envirnment is ur duty, and we can take small actins t make a difference. When natural disasters happen, we shuld keep calm and fllw safety rules.
These tpics are als imprtant in ur English study. We can learn new wrds and phrases frm them. We can als practice ur reading and writing skills by talking abut these tpics. By learning abut these tpics, we can nt nly imprve ur English but als knw mre abut the wrld.
1. Wh discvered America?（细节查找题）
A. Rald Amundsen. B. Clumbus. C. Einstein. D. Newtn.
2. What shuld we d abut different cultures?（细节查找题）
A. Ignre them. B. Respect them. C. Change them. D. Destry them.
3. What is ur duty accrding t the passage?（细节查找题）
A. Explring new lands. B. Learning different cultures. C. Prtecting the envirnment. D. Fighting natural disasters.
4. What can we learn frm these tpics?（推理判断题）
A. Only English wrds. B. Only wrld knwledge. C. English skills and wrld knwledge. D. Nthing.
5. What is the main idea f this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. The imprtance f English study. B. Imprtant tpics in life and English study. C. Hw t explre new lands. D. Hw t prtect the envirnment.
四、练习题参考答案及解析
（一）完形填空参考答案及解析
1. A 解析：结合后半句“but nw”，表“过去常常住在安静的村庄”，used t d sth.，选A；
2. B 解析：be used t ding sth. 表“习惯于做某事”，t后接动名词，选B；
3. A 解析：结合语境“第一次见面时握手”，时态为一般现在时，主语peple为复数，选A；
4. C 解析：and连接并列谓语，前面tld为过去时，此处也用过去时，选C；
5. A 解析：结合语境“尊重不同的文化很重要”，respect表“尊重”，选A；
6. B 解析：be used t sth. 表“习惯于某事”，主语I，时态为一般现在时，选B；
7. A 解析：结合语境“我也意识到我们应该尊重不同的文化”，realize表“意识到”，选A；
8. C 解析：结合语境“不要害怕，敞开心扉享受不同的文化”，afraid表“害怕的”，选C；
9. A 解析：结合前文“文化差异”，此处表“不同的文化”，选A；
10. D 解析：enjy sth. with sb. 表“和某人一起享受某物”，选D。
（二）阅读理解参考答案及解析
【阅读1】
1. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第一句“Rald Amundsen was a famus Nrwegian explrer”，Nrwegian意为“挪威的”，故选B；
2. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第三句“They tk dgs and sleds t carry their fd and equipment”，故选C；
3. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段第三句“finally reached the Suth Ple n December 14, 1911”，故选B；
4. B 解析：词义猜测题，结合语境“他的故事启发了许多探险家去探索未知”，inspired意为“启发”，故选B；
5. B 解析：推理判断题，根据第三段第二句“He prved that with curage and preparatin, peple can achieve impssible things”，可知勇气和准备很重要，故选B。
【阅读2】
1. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段第一句“In Japan, peple bw t shw respect”，故选B；
2. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段第三句“they als like t keep a certain distance when talking—usually abut 1 meter”，故选B；
3. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段最后一句“In India, peple dn’t eat with their left hands because they think it’s unclean”，故选C；
4. A 解析：主旨大意题，文章主要讲不同国家有不同的文化和习俗，故选A；
5. D 解析：判断正误题，根据第三段第二句“In China, peple use chpsticks t eat”，可知D选项错误。
【阅读3】
1. B 解析：主旨大意题，文章主要讲保护环境的方法，故选B；
2. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段内容，减少浪费、回收塑料、节约用电都是保护环境的方法，砍伐树木不是，故选C；
3. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段第四句“Trees can absrb carbn dixide and make the air clean”，故选C；
4. B 解析：词义猜测题，结合语境“树木能吸收二氧化碳，净化空气”，absrb意为“吸收”，故选B；
5. C 解析：推理判断题，根据第三段第一句“Everyne can make a difference”，可知每个人都能帮助保护环境，故选C。
【阅读4】
1. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第二句“They happen when there is t much rain r when rivers break their banks”，故选B；
2. A 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第三句“Flds can destry huses, crps and rads”，故选A；
3. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第二段第二句“If yu are in a lw-lying area, yu shuld mve t higher grund quickly”，故选C；
4. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第三段第一句“yu shuld nt drink fldwater, because it may be plluted”，故选C；
5. B 解析：主旨大意题，文章主要讲洪水发生时的安全建议，故选B。
【阅读5】
1. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第二句“Clumbus discvered America”，故选B；
2. B 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第三句“Different cuntries have different cultures, and we shuld respect them”，故选B；
3. C 解析：细节查找题，根据第一段第四句“Prtecting the envirnment is ur duty”，故选C；
4. C 解析：推理判断题，根据第二段第三句“By learning abut these tpics, we can nt nly imprve ur English but als knw mre abut the wrld”，故选C；
5. B 解析：主旨大意题，文章主要讲生活中和英语学习中的重要话题，故选B。
五、复习提示
1. 完形填空：做题时先通读全文，把握文章主旨和逻辑，再结合语境、固定搭配、语法知识选择答案；重点关注U1-U4高频词和短语，避免孤立填词，注意上下文逻辑（转折/因果/顺承）。
2. 阅读理解：细节题定位关键词（人名、时间、地点、数字），快速查找答案；主旨题重点读首尾段和每段首句；词义猜测题结合上下文语境推断，不要只看单词本身；判断题注意题干中的“NOT”“EXCEPT”等限定词，避免粗心失分。
3. 易错点：完形填空忽略上下文逻辑，仅凭单词意思选择；阅读理解定位关键词不精准，主旨题过度解读细节；词义猜测题脱离语境，仅凭常识判断；做题时注意时态、人称一致，避免因粗心丢分。