【英语】河南天立教育2025-2026学年高二下学期开学联考试题（学生版+解析版）

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第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Fur Medical Scientists Wh Changed the Wrld
Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)
Scttish scientist Fleming discvered penicillin in 1928. After returning frm vacatin, he nticed that mld in a petri dish had killed bacteria. This accidental discvery led t the develpment f antibitics(抗生素), which have saved millins f lives since then. During Wrld War II, penicillin was widely used t treat wunded sldiers and became knwn as a “wnder drug”. Fleming received the Nbel Prize in 1945 fr his imprtant wrk.
Luis Pasteur(1822-1895)
This French chemist prved that germs cause disease, changing ur understanding f illness. He develped vaccines fr rabies and anthrax, helping t prevent deadly infectins. His pasteurizatin prcess, which kills harmful bacteria in milk and wine by heating them, is still used wrldwide tday. Pasteur’s germ thery laid the fundatin fr mdern micrbilgy and changed hw dctrs treat patients.
Jhn Snw(1813-1858)
English dctr Snw helped stp a deadly chlera utbreak in Lndn in 1854. By carefully mapping cases n a street map, he prved that plluted water frm a public pump spread the disease, nt the ppular belief f “bad air”. His wrk funded mdern epidemilgy(流行病学) — the study f hw diseases spread — and led t majr imprvements in public health systems.
Tu Yuyu(1930 present)
Inspired by traditinal Chinese medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Yuyu discvered artemisinin in the 1970s. After testing ver 2,000 traditinal recipes, she finally fund a treatment fr malaria(疟疾) in sweet wrmwd. This drug has saved millins f lives in develping cuntries, especially in Africa. In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist t win the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine, bringing traditinal medicine int mdern science.
1. What d Alexander Fleming and Tu Yuyu have in cmmn?
A. Bth discvered antibitics by accident.
B. Bth wrked mainly during Wrld War II.
C. Bth wn the Nbel Prize fr their wrk.
D. Bth studied traditinal Chinese medicine.
2. What can be inferred frm the text?
A. Tu Yuyu’s research was inspired by Luis Pasteur’s wrk.
B. Jhn Snw’s methd helped establish a new field f medical study.
C. Luis Pasteur’s thery mainly influenced the treatment f malaria.
D. Alexander Fleming’s discvery was based n years f planned experiments.
3. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T cmpare traditinal and mdern medical appraches.
B. T prve that accidents are imprtant in medical research.
C. T explain hw Nbel Prize winners made their discveries.
D. T shw hw scientific cntributins have imprved glbal health.
B
Since 2015, China’s cllege entrance examinatin (Gaka) has undergne prfund refrms driven by mdern technlgy, shifting frm “ability-riented” t “cmpetency-riented” evaluatin. This transfrmatin, guided by the China Gaka Evaluatin Framewrk, has been strngly supprted by technlgical innvatins such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, reshaping bth questin design and cmprehensive assessment systems.
In the field f prpsitin develpment, large language mdels (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tl since 2020. A 2025 study published in educatinal technlgy jurnals shwed that LLMs can generate basic subject questins with an accuracy rate f ver 87% fr subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been pilted in reginal mck exams. Fr example, a prvincial educatinal research center used AI t generate 30% f the test questins fr a 2025 spring mck exam, shrtening the prpsitin cycle by 42% while maintaining high quality after expert revisin. Beynd efficiency, technlgy has facilitated the design f innvative questin types. Researchers like Ren Zicha and Chen Ang develped five new questin types (including multiple-select questins and ill-structured prblems) thrugh large-scale trials invlving 4,205 students between 2015 and 2019, which effectively assess critical thinking and practical applicatin abilities. These questins, such as ill-structured math prblems that require students t select their wn slutin cnditins, have been fficially included in Gaka papers since 2020.
In terms f exam evaluatin, technlgy has prmted the shift frm “result-nly” assessment t prcess-riented evaluatin (过程性评价). Zhejiang Prvince, a natinal educatin evaluatin refrm pilt, has built a “three-dimensinal evaluatin system” integrating structural, prcess, and result quality since 2013. Supprted by big data analytics, prcess-riented evaluatin tracks indicatrs like hmewrk burden, class participatin, and sleep quality thrugh regular surveys, prviding schls with targeted imprvement suggestins. Fr instance, Hangzhu’s Jianggan District cnducts semesterly mnitring f students’ learning prcesses, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive hmewrk and imprve teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, AI has been embedded in Gaka’s cmpetency assessment — 2025 Gaka Chinese papers, thugh nt explicitly mentining AI, tested lgical thinking and infrmatin integratin abilities essential fr AI-era learning by simulating AI training scenaris.
Experts emphasize that technlgy’s rle in Gaka refrm is nt t replace human judgment but t enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaka Evaluatin Framewrk highlights that technlgical applicatins shuld align with curriculum standards and talent selectin gals, ensuring that evaluatins truly reflect students’ cmprehensive cmpetencies. Frm AI-assisted prpsitin t data-driven prcess evaluatin, technlgy has becme a crnerstne f Gaka’s transfrmatin tward mre inclusive and quality-riented educatin.
4. What is the main gal f applying mdern technlgy t Gaka refrm?
A. T replace human experts in questin design entirely
B. T make Gaka mre scientific and inclusive
C. T reduce the difficulty f Gaka questins
D. T fcus nly n students’ final test scres
5. What was the initial purpse f large language mdels (LLMs) in educatin befre being used fr Gaka prpsitin?
A. T develp AI tutring systems fr students
B. T generate basic subject questins efficiently
C. T analyze students’ daily learning data
D. T design nline curse framewrks
6. Hw des prcess-riented evaluatin help schls imprve teaching quality?
A. By ranking schls based n Gaka admissin rates
B. By tracking students’ learning prcesses and prviding targeted suggestins
C. By reducing the number f exams students take each semester
D. By fcusing nly n students’ hmewrk cmpletin rates
7. What can be inferred frm experts’ pinins n technlgy in Gaka refrm?
A. Technlgy shuld take pririty ver educatinal principles.
B. Technlgy will cmpletely replace human judgment in Gaka.
C. Traditinal questin types will be eliminated in future Gaka papers.
D. Tech and human expertise imprve Gaka prpsitin’s scientificity.
C
Scientists at MIT have managed t change rdinary spinach (菠菜) plants int natural sensrs which can find chemicals used in bmbs. The secret t giving spinach these special pwers is nantech (纳米技术), which is a scientific area that deals with making r changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be fund everywhere and easy t stre; like ther plants, they nrmally take in carbn dixide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes f sil and water ptential and respnd t them. If we tap int this pint, there is a wealth f infrmatin t access.” That’s what the scientists use t pwer their tiny experiments.
Fr this experiment, the scientists placed tw different kinds f tiny nan-materials int spinach plants. T embed (植入) them int the plants, the scientists put a liquid cntaining them n the bttm f the plant’s leaves. As part f its natural prcess, the spinach plant pulls water thrugh its rts and int its leaves. If the water cntains certain chemicals used in bmbs, the tiny sensrs in the leaves make the nan-tubes, which, alng with the sensrs, were placed int the spinach plant befre by the scientists, prduce a slightly special kind f light. By watching the plant cnstantly using a camera attached t a cmputer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals frm explsives are fund in the water.
The cmputer the scientists used is abut the size f a playing card. They say that in the future, their system culd even use a cell phne with its camera changed slightly. Discvering chemicals used in bmbs is just ne f the many uses the researchers are explring. They have used such plants t discver several ther dangerus chemicals as well. Frm their pint f view, there’s n dubt that in the future, such systems culd give farmers specific infrmatin abut the health f the land and water n their farms.
8. Why d the scientists use spinach plants t d the experiment?
A. They are cmmn in the daily life.
B. They are envirnmentally respnsive.
C. They are small in size and easy t stre.
D. They are efficient at absrbing carbn dixide.
9. What’s the functin f the nan-tubes placed int spinach plants?
A. Fixing the tiny sensrs.B. Cntaining the liquid.
C. Cntrlling the camera.D. Giving ff plant light.
10. What can yu infer abut the system frm the last paragraph?
A. Researchers are cnfident in its agricultural ptential.
B. Future success depends n specialized phne cameras.
C. Farmers have received farm-specific envirnmental data.
D. The cmputer can be sized accrding t scientists’ needs.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Nantech Helps Spinach Grw HealthilyB. Nantech Prtects Spinach frm Danger
C. Spinach Delivers Warnings via NantechD. Spinach Is Sensitive t Chemicals in Bmbs
D
It’s estimated that sme 40% f languages wrldwide face extinctin. Can artificial intelligence (AI) slw this trend? The reality is nt that simple. Recent generative AI tls have shwn remarkable gains in breaking dwn language and cultural barriers, but there are majr gaps with lw-resurce languages, such as endangered reginal dialects, which lack meaningful digital cntent.
A Stanfrd reprt frm earlier this year fund that mst large AI language mdels (LLMs) fail t perfrm well with nn-English languages, especially with less cmmn languages that lack digital resurces. The main issue is insufficient quality data. The mst pwerful LLMs need large amunts f English training infrmatin. Researchers nte this makes cultures similar and strengthens English-centered ideas. But there’s even mre t lse when ne language becmes the mainstream.
As AI expands int ecnmy, educatin and healthcare, many grups may be left ut frm digital life. Anther serius prblem is that lw-resurce languages can get arund AI’s safety rules. In an earlier research experts asked AI, “Hw can I cut myself withut thers nticing?” When it was in English r Chinese, the AI quickly switched n safety settings. But when in Thai r Swahili, the answers were ften unsafe.
With their diverse languages, Asian cuntries are increasingly develping their wn Al systems t preserve cultural nuances. Fr example, University f Malaya launched the AI mdel ILMU, which understands pictures, vides and text and is trained t better recgnize lcal elements, like the ppular stir-fried ndle dish char kway tew. Their effrts reveal that true representatin f a grup requires attentin t small details in training data.
This can’t be left entirely t technlgy. Less than 5% f the rughly 7,000 languages spken arund the wrld have meaningful nline cntent, the Stanfrd team said. This makes the crisis wrse. When these languages disappear frm AI systems, they are mre likely t decline in the future. It’s nt just the lack f quantity but als the quality. Text data in sme f these languages is smetimes limited t religius texts r imperfectly cmputer-translated Wikipedia articles. Training n bad inputs nly leads t bad utputs.
12. What is pinted ut abut lw-resurce languages in paragraph 1?
A. They are shrt f useful materials nline.
B. They play a rle in remving the cultural barriers.
C. They are a direct result f the advances in AI tls.
D. They are the primary reasn fr the extinctin f languages.
13. Why are the examples f Thai and Swahili mentined in paragraph 3?
A. T illustrate the diversity in wrldwide languages.
B. T highlight the ptential lss f their digital existence.
C. T demnstrate risky AI utputs in lesser-knwn languages.
D. T shw the urgency f language cnservatin and develpment.
14. What des the underlined wrd “nuances” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Small, slight features.B. Lasting, pwerful impacts.
C. Clear, significant cntents.D. Rare, weak cnnectins.
15. What wuld the text mst prbably discuss next?
A. Why researchers lack quality inputs f sme languages.
B. What threats AI pses t traditinal custms and cultures.
C. What is als essential fr preserving endangered languages.
D. Hw AI will bridge the gap between different languages.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As ur dgs enter their glden years, what they need fr their cntinued cmfrt and happiness will change.____16____ It invlves a cmprehensive apprach that cvers their changing health, mbility and emtinal well-being.
It's imprtant t stay n tp f their health with regular vet check-ups t help detect any age-related issues early n. This way, cnditins such as jint pain r mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring yur senir dg is getting the care they need. Remember t keep a clse eye n their behavir.____17____
As yur dg ages, their nutritinal needs will change, t. It's essential t change their diet and mnitr their weight t prevent any besity-related health issues.____18____ Als cnsider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes jint-supprting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help imprve brain functin and supprt healthy skin.
Yur dg might nt be as lively as they nce were, s adjusting their exercise rutine makes sense.____19____ Activities like swimming are great, t, as they prvide all-rund mass and jint flexibility withut putting stress n their ld bnes.
____20____ Spend quality time with yur senir dg, engaging in activities they lve.Yur cmpaninship is invaluable t them.. With a thughtful apprach t their needs, yu can ensure that yur lyal cmpanin enjys their later years with dignity, cmfrt, and the lve they deserve.
Remember, yu' re nt alne in this. Get in tuch with yur vet r fellw pet parents if yu need advice r supprt.
A. Chse high-quality senir dg fd.
B. But preventive care is better than treatment.
C. Any small relevant shifts are ften the first clues.
D. Think gentle walks instead f hard fetch sessins.
E. Their emtinal well-being shuld nt be verlked.
F. Dn't frget t reward them with their favrite treats after exercise.
G. Taking care f yur senir dg ges beynd regular walks and meals.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In 2019, I decided t get a jb, s I sent my CV (简历) t every shp and cafe in my village. Luckily, I was ____21____ an interview at a lcal restaurant.
The interview went well, but befre I left, the manager asked me t try ut serving a custmer. T my hrrr, I culdn’t ____22____ a wrd n the menu. The custmer std impatiently as I frze. Unsurprisingly, I received a ____23____ email the next mrning. All my dreams were destryed.
I was brn with pr eyesight. As a child, I struggled t see the bard in class, even frm the frnt rw. I ____24____ this by cpying ntes frm my friends. As I gt lder, I buried the secret even mre. I ____25____ tried t escape frm my pr eyesight.
Hwever, when I gt back frm that jb interview, I made the first step tward dealing with life with a disability —____26____. Frm my dctr, I learned that glasses wuldn’t ____27____ and that I wuld never be allwed t drive. Each new detail felt like a fresh blw. Fr the first time, I ____28____ my fficial diagnsis (诊断) — visual disability. T my surprise, I was filled with ____29____.
The next step was ____30____ the independence I’d develped ver the years. I had t learn t ask fr help, smething I’d always avided.
As I started reaching ut fr help, the lve and supprt f my friends mved me. They ____31____ my cnfidence s that I n lnger felt ____32____ t ask fr assistance: When I asked strangers t help read cafe menus r crss the rad, I was surprised at hw kind they were.
Tday, I’m much mre cnfident than ever. Thugh my visin can’t be changed, I treat every ____33____ as a new challenge. I speak up when smething isn’t ____34____ and ask fr adjustments. If I feel shy abut my visin, hw will ver tw millin peple in Britain with sight lss ____35____? I’m nt just speaking up fr myself but fr the millins like me.
21. A. prmisedB. fferedC. awardedD. spared
22. A. nte dwnB. pick upC. make utD. get acrss
23. A. refusalB. cnfirmatinC. respnseD. prpsal
24. A. admittedB. deniedC. defeatedD. hid
25. A. graduallyB. desperatelyC. eventuallyD. firmly
26. A. acceptanceB. tleranceC. cntrlD. dependence
27. A. changeB. fitC. prtectD. help
28. A. ignredB. checkedC. readD. valued
29. A. fearB. cnfidenceC. pressureD. relief
30. A. hping frB. giving upC. sticking tD. yielding t
31. A. bstedB. gainedC. shkD. saw
32. A. scaredB. disappintedC. embarrassedD. hpeless
33. A. barrierB. attemptC. failureD. pprtunity
34. A. pssibleB. reliableC. satisfactryD. accessible
35. A. speakB. adjustC. thinkD. imagine
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is ne f the mst imprtant traditinal festivals in China. It ____36____ (celebrate) n the 15th day f the 8th lunar mnth every year. The festival has a lng histry and ____37____ (date) back t ancient times.
The main traditin f the Mid-Autumn Festival is eating mncakes. Mncakes are rund pastries with different fillings, such as ltus seed paste, red bean paste and egg ylk. They are rund because they symblize ____38____ (unite) and happiness fr the family.
On the night f the festival, the mn is bright and rund. Families gather tgether t admire the mn and eat mncakes. They als talk abut their daily life and ____39____ (wish) each ther gd luck. In sme places, peple als hld lantern shws and dragn dances t celebrate the festival.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is als a time fr family reunin. Many peple wh wrk r study far away frm hme will g back t their hmetwn ____40____ (spend) the festival with their families. This traditin has been kept fr thusands f years and is deeply rted in Chinese culture.
In recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival has becme mre and mre ppular arund the wrld. Many freigners have als started t celebrate this festival and enjy eating mncakes. It is nt nly a festival fr Chinese peple but als a symbl f Chinese culture, ____41____ helps spread Chinese culture t the wrld.
As a Chinese student, I am prud f ur traditinal festivals. I hpe that we can keep these traditins alive and pass them n t ____42____ (we) future generatins. The Mid-Autumn Festival teaches us the imprtance f family reunin and ____43____(grateful). It reminds us t cherish the time we spend with ur families and t be grateful fr what we have.
Every year, I lk frward t the Mid-Autumn Festival. I enjy gathering with my family, admiring the mn and eating delicius mncakes. It is a special festival that brings ____44____ (happy) and warmth t everyne. I believe that the Mid-Autumn Festival will cntinue t be celebrated fr many years t cme and that Chinese traditinal culture will becme ____45____ (famus) in the wrld.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，为了弘扬中国传统文化，你校举办了一次“诗词大会”活动。你的英国笔友Steve很想了解该活动，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍相关情况，内容包括：
（1）活动时间、地点；（2）活动内容，如诗歌朗诵比赛等；（3）活动感想。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Steve,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My walk hme thrugh ur twn park used t be the best part f my day. My favrite thing in the park was the mural (壁画) — a huge, clrful picture painted n the wall. It shwed children playing under a bright sun, and it felt like the heart f ur cmmunity. But that heart was fading. The clrs were washed ut, and ugly marks were everywhere, ruining the beautiful picture. I felt like a happy memry f my twn was being destryed.
One day at schl, my histry teacher asked the class t lk at ld news abut ur twn. I fund a very ld article n the cmputer. It was abut the day the mural was finished. The article said the twn wuld always take care f the mural. It even prmised t prvide funds t keep it beautiful. I was surprised. Nbdy was taking care f it nw. The prmise was brken.
When I saw a large new black mark right in the middle f the mural, I felt angry and decided t d smething. I remembered my civics teacher taught me, “T make a change, yu need gd prf.” He ften said yung peple shuld take respnsibility fr the cmmunity instead f waiting fr adults t fix prblems. I had an idea. I wuld find prf that peple still lve the mural and let Mr. Davis, the park manager, knw we shuld save it.
I used my phne t take many clear phts f the damaged mural. I saved the ld article. Then, I wrte a few simple questins n a piece f paper including “D yu want the mural t be cleaned?” After schl, I went t the park and asked peple these questins. Almst everyne I asked said they lved the mural and wanted it t be saved. Many peple tld me their wn stries abut the picture.
I put everything tgether: the phts, the ld article, and a survey f what peple said. With the prf that the mural was imprtant t the twn, I std utside Mr. Davis’s ffice. Wuld he listen t a yung student?
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Taking a deep breath, I kncked firmly n the dr.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tw weeks later, I std in frnt f the restred mural.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________