中考英语二轮专题复习 专题十一 被动语态（各时态·情态动词·特殊句式）专项训练

这是一份中考英语二轮专题复习 专题十一 被动语态（各时态·情态动词·特殊句式）专项训练，共11页。
【考情考向·近三年命题趋势】
被动语态是中考英语的必考语法点，占语法板块分值的10%左右。2023-2025年全国各地市真题卷显示，命题主要集中在：① 不同时态的被动语态构成（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、情态动词的被动语态）；② 主动语态与被动语态的转换；③ 被动语态的特殊用法（如双宾语动词的被动、感官动词的被动、主动表被动的情况）。本专题按考点分层设计，帮助考生系统掌握被动语态的核心用法。
【核心知识·考点分层精讲】
考点一：被动语态的基本构成与常用时态
① 构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词。be 动词随主语的人称、数和时态变化。
② 常用时态的被动形式：
一般现在时：am/is/are + dne (English is spken everywhere.)
一般过去时：was/were + dne (The bridge was built in 2020.)
一般将来时：will be + dne / am/is/are ging t be + dne (The meeting will be held tmrrw.)
现在完成时：have/has been + dne (The wrk has been finished.)
情态动词：情态动词 + be + dne (The task must be cmpleted tday.)
过去完成时：had been + dne (The letter had been sent befre he arrived.)（了解）
考点二：主动语态变被动语态的方法
① 步骤： 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；将谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”；原主语变为 by 的宾语（可省略）。
② 特殊情况： 双宾语动词 (give, send, shw, teach, buy 等) 的被动有两种：间接宾语变主语 (I was given a bk.) 或直接宾语变主语 (A bk was given t me.)；感官动词 (see, hear, watch) 和使役动词 (make, let, have) 在主动句中用省略 t 的不定式作宾补，变被动时要加 t (He was seen t leave.)。
考点三：主动形式表被动意义的情况
① 某些连系动词： lk, sund, taste, feel, smell 等用主动表被动 (The sup tastes delicius.)。
② 某些不及物动词的主动形式： sell well, write smthly, wash easily, pen, lck, shut 等 (This bk sells well.)。
③ need/want/require + ding： 用 ding 主动形式表被动意义，相当于 t be dne (The car needs washing.)。
④ be wrth ding： 主动表被动 (The film is wrth watching.)。
考点四：被动语态的特殊句型与易错点
① 带双宾语的被动： 注意介词的使用 (give sth. t sb. / buy sth. fr sb.)。
② 含有情态动词的被动： 情态动词 + be + dne。
③ 短语动词的被动： 不可丢掉介词/副词 (The children are taken gd care f.)。
④ 宾语从句的被动： It is said/believed/reprted that... 等固定句式。
⑤ 不定式的被动： 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，用 t be dne (I hpe t be invited.)。
【分层训练·按考点突破】
考点一 各时态被动语态（共16题）
1. (一般现在时) English ______ in many cuntries.
A. speaks B. is spken C. spke D. was spken
2. (一般过去时) The Great Wall ______ by thusands f peple every year.
A. visit B. is visited C. was visited D . visited
3. (一般过去时) The bridge ______ in 1980.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. builds
4. (一般将来时) The sprts meeting ______ next week.
A. will hld B. will be held C. is held D. was held
5. (一般将来时) A new hspital ______ in ur twn next year.
A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built
6. (现在完成时) The wrk ______ already ______.
A. has; finished B. have; finished C. has; been finished D. have; been finished
7. (现在完成时) S far, many trees ______ in ur city.
A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. have been planted
8. (情态动词) The hmewrk ______ befre Friday.
A. must finish B. must be finished C. must finished D. must be finish
9. (情态动词) Bks ______ nt ______ ut f the library.
A. can; take B. can; be taken C. can; tk D. can; be tk
10. (过去完成时) By the time I gt there, the wrk ______.
A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished
11. (现在进行时) A new rad ______ in my hmetwn nw.
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. has been built
12. (过去进行时) The by ______ when his mther came in.
A. was beating B. was being beaten C. beat D. was beaten
13. (一般现在时) The classrm ______ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. has cleaned
14. (一般将来时) The prblem ______ at the meeting tmrrw.
A. discusses B. is discussed C. will discuss D. will be discussed
15. (现在完成时) I ______ t the party, but I didn't g.
A. invited B. was invited C. have invited D. have been invited
16. (情态动词) Can this kind f bike ______ in that shp?
A. buy B. be bught C. bught D. is bught
考点二 主动变被动 & 双宾语动词（共8题）
17. (双宾语) My mther gave me a new bike. (变被动，间接宾语作主语) I ______ a new bike.
A. was given B. gave C. am given D. was gave
18. (双宾语) A new bike ______ ______ me by my mther. (用直接宾语作主语)
A. was given t B. gave t C. is given t D. was given fr
19. (感官动词) I saw him enter the rm. (变被动) He ______ enter the rm.
A. was seen B. was seen t C. Saw D. is seen
20. (使役动词) The bss made the wrkers wrk 12 hurs. (变被动) The wrkers ______ wrk 12 hurs.
A. were made B. were made t C. made D. are made t
21. (短语动词) They take gd care f the children. (变被动) The children ______ gd care f.
A. are taken B. Take C. are taking D. were taken
22. (短语动词) We shuld listen t the teacher carefully. (变被动) The teacher shuld ______ carefully.
A. be listened t B. be listened C. listen t D. is listened t
23. (情态动词被动) Yu must hand in yur hmewrk tday. (变被动) Yur hmewrk ______ tday.
A. must hand in B. must be handed in C. must be handed D. must handed in
24. (现在完成时被动) We have finished the prject. (变被动) The prject ______ finished.
A. has been B. have been C. is D. was
考点三 主动形式表被动意义（共6题）
25. (感官动词) The music ______ sweet.
A. is sunded B. sunds C. is sunded D. sunded
26. (物作主语) This kind f clth ______ well.
A. washes B. is washed C. washed D. was washed
27. (物作主语) The bk ______ well and ______ ut last week.
A. sells; was sld B. is sld; sld C. sld; sld D. was sld; sells
28. (need ding) The flwers need ______.
A. water B. Watering C. Watered D. t water
29. (be wrth ding) The film is wrth ______.
A. see B. seeing C. t see D. seen
30. (lk等) The prblem lks ______.
A. difficult B. Difficultly C. t be difficult D. being difficult
考点四 特殊句型 & 易错点（共8题）
31. (It is said) ______ that he is a gd teacher.
A. It says B. It is said C. He is said D. Peple said
32. (不定式被动) I hpe ______ t the party.
A. t invite B. t be invited C. inviting D. being invited
33. (被动语态否定) The letter ______ yet.
A. hasn't written B. hasn't been written C. wasn't written D. isn't written
34. (被动语态疑问) When ______ the telephne ______?
A. did; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented D. has; invented
35. (短语动词被动) The ld man needs ______.
A. lking after B. t lk after C. lked after D. being lked after
36. (情态动词被动推测) He must ______ by the bss.
A. punish B. be punished C. Punished D. have punished
37. (不定式被动) There are many prblems ______.
A. t slve B. t be slved C. slving D. A and B
38. (双宾语) She bught her sn a ty. (变被动，间接宾语作主语) Her sn ______ a ty.
A. was bught B. Bught C. were bught D. is bught
语法填空·被动语态综合（共6题）
39. English ______ (speak) in many cuntries.
40. The bridge ______ (build) in 1980.
41. The wrk ______ (finish) tmrrw.
42. Many trees ______ (plant) since last year.
43. The by ______ (see) t enter the rm just nw.
44. The flwers need ______ (water).
单句改错·被动语态易错点（共6题）
45. The windw was brke by the by.
改正：________________________
46. The bk sells well and was sld ut yesterday.
改正：________________________
47. He was seen enter the rm.
改正：________________________
48. The baby must take gd care f.
改正：________________________
49. This sng sunds beautifully.
改正：________________________
50. I have been invited t the party, but I didn't g.
改正：________________________
【参考答案】
考点一（1-16）：1-5 B C C B D 6-10 C D B B D 11-15 C B B D B 16 B
考点二（17-24）：17-20 A A B B 21-24 A A B A
考点三（25-30）：25-30 B A A B B A
考点四（31-38）：31-35 B B B B A 36-38 B D A
语法填空（39-44）：39. is spken 40. was built 41. will be finished 42. have been planted 43. was seen 44. watering/t be watered
改错（45-50）：45. brke→brken 46. 正确 47. enter→t enter 48. must take→must be taken 49. beautifully→beautiful 50. 正确
教学建议·考点分层突破策略
1. 按考点分层教学：将被动语态分为四个考点。建议考点一（各时态被动）用2课时，重点讲解不同时态的被动构成和标志词；考点二（主动变被动）用1课时，重点训练转换步骤和双宾语/感官动词的特殊情况；考点三（主动表被动）用1课时，归纳常见主动表被动的动词；考点四（特殊句型）用1课时，讲解It is said that, need ding等。
2. 对比教学：设计主动句与被动句的转换练习，让学生体会主语与宾语的变化。对比双宾语动词的两种被动形式，对比感官动词主动和被动的不定式符号变化。
3. 口诀记忆：“被动语态be dne，时态变化看be；情态动词be dne，双宾语两种变；感官使役要加t，主动表被动需牢记。”
4. 专项训练：对易错点（如短语动词不可丢介词、need ding/t be dne的区别）设计针对性练习。
5. 错题本记录：要求学生将错题按考点记录，尤其注意不规则过去分词的拼写、被动句中t的遗漏等。
? 亲爱的同学，被动语态是中考英语的重要得分点。掌握了它，你的句子表达将更加灵活多样！坚持练习，细心总结，你一定能攻克这个专题！中考在即，愿你乘风破浪，金榜题名！