2026高考英语重难点专项突破练习卷2非谓语动词作状语、定语的语境优选 导学案含答案

这是一份2026高考英语重难点专项突破练习卷2非谓语动词作状语、定语的语境优选 导学案含答案，共8页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
非谓语动词是高考语法填空及短文改错的必考点，近三年真题显示，单纯的“固定搭配”题目减少，转而考查在具体语境中判断使用不定式、-ing还是-ed形式。尤其突出非谓语作状语（原因、时间、条件、伴随、结果）和定语（前置/后置）的逻辑关系。
1. 非谓语作状语：逻辑主语通常为主句主语。判断依据：①与主语之间是主动进行用现在分词（ding）；②被动或完成用过去分词（dne）或having been dne；③表示目的、意料之外的结果、形容词修饰多用不定式（t d）。
2. 非谓语作定语：单个分词常前置（exciting news / excited peple）；短语作定语后置。判断依据：与被修饰名词之间是主动进行用现在分词（a sleeping baby = a baby wh is sleeping）；被动或已完成用过去分词（a fallen leaf = a leaf that has fallen）；表示将来的动作（通常含情态意义）用不定式（the next train t arrive）。
3. 独立主格/with复合结构：当非谓语逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，保留自己的主语，形成独立主格（Weather permitting...）或with结构（with + n. + ding/dne/t d）。
4.示例（语法填空）： “______ (spend) ver a year n the prject, the team finally succeeded.” 此处“花费了一年多”发生在“成功”之前，且与主语team为主动关系，故填Having spent，强调先后与主动。又如2024·全国甲卷：“The meeting ______ (hld) next week is abut climate change.” 会议下周举行，表将来且被动，填t be held。
▶ 题型：语法填空（语境化，无提示词纯空格不涉及，本练习全为动词提示）
【语篇一 · 人物故事】 (用所给动词适当形式填空)
________ (inspire) by a famus scientist, Maria decided ________ (pursue) a career in physics. ________ (wrk) in the lab fr three years, she made a majr discvery. One day, while ________ (design) an experiment, she nticed smething unexpected. ________ (encurage) by her prfessr, she published a paper. The results, ________ (publish) in a tp jurnal, attracted wrldwide attentin. Nw, she ften gives talks, ________ (mtivate) yung girls ________ (fllw) their dreams. ________ (lk) back, she feels prud f what she ________ (achieve).
①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ ⑥________ ⑦________ ⑧________ ⑨________ ⑩________
【语篇二 · 科技报道】
A new rbt, ________ (design) t assist in surgeries, has been tested successfully. ________ (equip) with high-precisin cameras, it can perate with great accuracy. ________ (cmpare) with traditinal methds, the rbt reduces recvery time. Hwever, sme dctrs wrry abut the risk f ________ (use) such technlgy. ________ (train) prperly, the rbt culd becme a standard tl. The cmpany, ________ (fund) in 2020, plans ________ (prduce) 500 units next year. ________ (receive) psitive feedback, they are nw seeking further investment. The gal is ________ (make) surgeries safer and less invasive. ________ (see) frm this perspective, rbtics in medicine has a bright future.
⑪________ ⑫________ ⑬________ ⑭________ ⑮________ ⑯________ ⑰________ ⑱________ ⑲________ ⑳________
【语篇三 · 环保行动】
________ (wake) up by the smell f smke, the villagers rushed ut. ________ (see) the frest n fire, they immediately called fr help. Vlunteers, ________ (bring) tls, arrived within minutes. ________ (fight) the fire fr hurs, they finally brught it under cntrl. The fire, ________ (cause) by a lightning strike, destryed 50 hectares. Trees, ________ (burn) t the grund, left a sad scene. But the cmmunity, ________ (unite), started replanting. ________ (learn) frm the disaster, they set up a mnitring system. Nw, visitrs ________ (attract) by the green hills can enjy hiking. ________ (prtect) the envirnment is everyne's duty.
㉑________ ㉒________ ㉓________ ㉔________ ㉕________ ㉖________ ㉗________ ㉘________ ㉙________ ㉚________
【单句强化 · 10题】
㉛ ________ (finish) his hmewrk, he went ut t play.
㉜ The bridge ________ (build) next mnth will cnnect the tw twns.
㉜ (重编) The bridge ________ (build) next mnth will be the lngest in the area.
㉝ ________ (judge) frm his expressin, he was disappinted.
㉞ The prblem ________ (discuss) nw is very imprtant.
㉟ She tried ________ (calm) dwn, but her vice trembled.
㊱ The girl ________ (sit) next t me is my cusin.
㊲ ________ (give) mre time, we culd d it better.
㊳ I regret ________ (infrm) yu that yur applicatin was rejected.
㊴ The mvie is s ________ (bre) that I fell asleep.
㊵ With s many things ________ (deal) with, I can't relax.
㉛________ ㉜________ ㉝________ ㉞________ ㉟________ ㊱________ ㊲________ ㊳________ ㊴________ ㊵________
参考答案与解析（教师批阅专用）
① Inspired —— 过去分词作原因状语，与Maria是被动关系（被鼓舞）。
② t pursue —— decide t d 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。
③ Having wrked —— 发生在made之前，且主动，用现在分词完成式。
④ designing —— while + ding，省略主语和be动词，主动。
⑤ Encuraged —— 过去分词作原因状语，被动。
⑥ published —— 过去分词作后置定语，与results是被动。
⑦ mtivating —— 现在分词作伴随状语，主动。
⑧ t fllw —— mtivate sb. t d 不定式作宾补。
⑨ Lking —— 现在分词作状语，主动，lk back at...
⑩ has achieved —— 此处是谓语时态，但语境是现在的成就，故用现在完成时。
⑪ designed —— 过去分词短语作后置定语，rbt与design被动。
⑫ Equipped —— 过去分词作状语，表示状态，be equipped with。
⑬ Cmpared —— 固定短语cmpared with/t 作状语，用过去分词。
⑭ using —— 介词f后用动名词。
⑮ Trained —— 过去分词作条件状语，与rbt被动。
⑯ funded —— 过去分词作后置定语，cmpany与fund被动（建立）。
⑰ t prduce —— plan t d 不定式。
⑱ Having received —— 发生在are seeking之前，主动。
⑲ t make —— 不定式作表语，说明gal的内容。
⑳ Seen —— 过去分词作状语，see与逻辑主语rbtics之间被动，意为“从……来看”。
㉑ Wken —— 过去分词作原因状语，与villagers被动（被叫醒）。
㉒ Seeing —— 现在分词作时间状语，主动。
㉓ bringing —— 现在分词作后置定语，相当于wh brught。
㉔ Having fught —— 发生在brught之前，主动，用完成式。
㉕ caused —— 过去分词作后置定语，fire与cause被动。
㉖ burnt / burned —— 过去分词作后置定语，trees与burn被动（被烧毁）。
㉗ united —— 过去分词作状语，表示状态，“团结起来”。
㉘ Learning / Having learned —— 现在分词作结果/时间状语，主动。
㉙ attracted —— 过去分词作后置定语，visitrs与attract被动。
㉚ Prtecting —— 动名词短语作主语。
㉛ Having finished —— 发生在went之前，主动。
㉜ t be built —— 不定式被动作定语，表将来。
㉝ Judging —— 固定短语judging frm，用现在分词（独立成分）。
㉞ being discussed —— 现在分词被动作定语，表正在被讨论。
㉟ t calm —— try t d 试图做某事。
㊱ sitting —— 现在分词作后置定语，主动。
㊲ Given —— 过去分词作条件状语，与we被动（被给时间）。
㊳ t infrm —— regret t d 遗憾要做某事（常与say, infrm, tell连用）。
㊴ bring —— -ing形容物，令人无聊。
㊵ t deal —— with + 宾语 + 不定式（with结构，表示将来需要处理）。
非谓语形式
状语功能
定语功能
常见标志词/语境
ding (主动进行)
时间、原因、伴随、条件
正在进行的动作/用途
walking alng, feeling tired
having dne (主动完成)
发生在主句之前的动作
——
having finished, nt having received
dne (被动/完成)
被动、状态
已完成的被动
seen frm, written by
being dne (正在被)
原因(正在被)
正在被…的
being repaired, being discussed
t d (目的/结果/将来)
目的、出乎意料的结果、形容词原因
将要发生的动作
t catch, t be annunced