高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断（专题专练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断（专题专练）（全国通用）（教师版），共80页。
1.（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校期中）What made Mary extrardinary was nt just her talent fr finding fssils, but als her ability t accurately recnstruct and understand these ancient creatures. She taught herself anatmy (解剖学), gelgy, and scientific illustratin — rare achievements fr a wman f her time. Famus scientists and wealthy cllectrs frm acrss Eurpe ften visited her shp t acquire specimens and seek her advice, thugh they rarely gave her public credit.
What can be inferred abut famus scientists and cllectrs wh visited Mary Anning?
A．They ffered her a frmal educatin in palentlgy.
B．They ften acknwledged her cntributin publicly.
C．They valued her knwledge but did nt give her due credit.
D．They discuraged her frm cntinuing her fssil hunting.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Famus scientists and wealthy cllectrs frm acrss Eurpe ften visited her shp t acquire specimens and seek her advice, thugh they rarely gave her public credit.(来自欧洲各地的著名科学家和富有收藏家经常光顾她的店铺，购买标本并向她寻求建议，不过他们很少公开提及她的功劳)”可知，他们没有给予她应得的荣誉。故选C。
2.（2026·山东省日照市高三校际联合考试）“It’s true there’s been a huge increase in the rate f diagnsis acrss the cuntry, particularly amng adults,” Lathey said. But she added: “That is because the signs have been missed in childhd, nt necessarily because everyne is fllwing the wellbeing trend. We have very strict diagnstic criteria.”
What can we infer frm Lathey’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．Peple are seeking diagnses fr trendy reasns.
B．The number f adults’ diagnses has increased sharply.
C．Mre and mre adults fcus n their mental wellbeing.
D．High-level diagnstic standards lead t early assessments.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s true there’s been a huge increase in the rate f diagnsis acrss the cuntry, particularly amng adults,” Lathey said. (“全国各地的确诊率确实大幅上升，尤其是在成年人中，”拉西说。)”可知，拉西明确提到成年人的诊断率急剧上升。故选B项。
3.（2026·安徽省安徽鼎尖大联考）During sccer matches, child-size nes tripped ver each ther, falling dwn ne after anther. One galkeeper rbt std calmly as its ppnent kicked a ball at its legs several times befre finally managing t scre. Meanwhile, ne rbt by China’s Unitree Rbtics ran int a human staff member while running fast during a track event, kncking him dwn. Switching t kickbxing matches, rbts wearing clrful glves and head prtectin struggled t land hits. “T be hnest, the hit rate is a little lw,” a cmmentatr said in the event’s fficial live-stream. “They’re hitting the air.” After a few minutes f wild arm and leg mvements, ne rbt was declared the winner. It raised its glved hands in the air t the sund f the audience applauding, while its ppnent lay dwn in an apparent shw f defeat.
What can we infer abut the rbt sccer match?
A．Gals were scred easily.B．Matches were full f errrs.
C．Galkeepers perfrmed well.D．Attacking rbts played skillfully.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“During sccer matches, child-size nes tripped ver each ther, falling dwn ne after anther. One galkeeper rbt std calmly as its ppnent kicked a ball at its legs several times befre finally managing t scre. Meanwhile, ne rbt by China’s Unitree Rbtics ran int a human staff member while running fast during a track event, kncking him dwn. Switching t kickbxing matches, rbts wearing clrful glves and head prtectin struggled t land hits.(在足球比赛中，儿童尺寸的球员们相互绊倒，一个接一个地摔倒在地。一名守门员机器人则镇定自若地站在那里，而其对手则多次将球踢向其腿部，最终对手才进球。与此同时，中国宇树机器人公司的一款机器人在一场田径比赛中以极快的速度奔跑时撞到了一名工作人员，将其撞倒在地)”可知，比赛中机器人频繁失误，因此推断推断赛事充满差错，故选B项。
4.（2026·甘肃省四校联考高三期中）Hwever, in recent years, Ggle has indeed faced threats frm AI since mre users are turning t large language mdels (LLMs) like ChatGPT. As a result, Ggle has added AI-generated summaries t its search results. Many users find these summaries sufficient, leading t fewer clicks n links.
What can be inferred abut Ggle frm the last paragraph?
A．It has lst much f its market share.B．It depends less n ad incme nw.
C．It feels challenged by AI develpment.D．It struggles t keep pace with trends.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hwever, in recent years, Ggle has indeed faced threats frm AI since mre users are turning t large language mdels (LLMs) like ChatGPT.(然而，近年来，谷歌确实面临着来自人工智能的威胁，因为越来越多的用户开始转向像ChatGPT这样的大语言模型。)”可推知，谷歌感受到了人工智能发展带来的挑战。故选C项。
5.（2026·浙江省部分重点中学高三联考）A centerpiece is the Hngmeng Prgram, dubbed the “ear t the infant universe.” Cmprising 10 satellites frming a lw-frequency radi telescpe array, it will jurney t the lunar far side — a csmic “quiet zne” shielded frm Earth and slar radi nise — t capture faint signals frm the csms’s earliest epchs: the chatic hundreds f millins f years pst-Big Bang, befre the first stars ignited. This data culd unlck secrets f the “csmic dark age,” a perid barely explred by human bservatin.
What can be inferred abut the lunar far side frm Paragraph 2?
A．It is the nly regin in space that can blck slar radi interference.
B．Its lack f radi nise makes it ideal fr capturing early csmic signals.
C．It has been the main target f mst internatinal space missins.
D．It is where the first stars in the universe were frmed.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Cmprising 10 satellites frming a lw-frequency radi telescpe array, it will jurney t the lunar far side — a csmic “quiet zne” shielded frm Earth and slar radi nise — t capture faint signals frm the csms’s earliest epchs: the chatic hundreds f millins f years pst-Big Bang, befre the first stars ignited.(它由10颗卫星组成一个低频射电望远镜阵列，将前往月球背面——一个受地球和太阳无线电噪声屏蔽的宇宙“静区”——捕捉宇宙最早时期的微弱信号：大爆炸后混乱的数亿年，在第一颗恒星点燃之前)”可知，从第二段可以推断出月球背面没有无线电噪声，是捕捉早期宇宙信号的理想之地。故选B。
6.（2026·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟联考）What happened t Fte is a true reflectin f the Matilda effect, r the trend f men getting credit fr wmen’s breakthrughs, which is cmmn acrss scientific histry. One f the mst famus examples is the case f the British female scientist Rsalind Franklin, whse wrk was essential t the discvery f the shape f DNA, thugh nly James Watsn and Francis Crick gained awards.
What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Rsalind Franklin’s case?
A．T stress the imprtance f gender cperatin.
B．T prve wmen utperfrmed men in science.
C．T argue Watsn and Crick were praised wrngly.
D．T shw wmen scientists’ wrk was verlked.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What happened t Fte is a true reflectin f the Matilda effect, r the trend f men getting credit fr wmen’s breakthrughs, which is cmmn acrss scientific histry. One f the mst famus examples is the case f the British female scientist Rsalind Franklin.(富特的遭遇是“玛蒂尔达效应”的真实反映，即男性因女性的突破性成就而获得荣誉的趋势，这在科学史上很常见。英国女科学家罗莎琳德·富兰克林的案例就是最著名的例子之一。)”可知，作者提及罗莎琳德·富兰克林的案例，是为了举例说明“玛蒂尔达效应”，即女性科学家的成果常被忽视，男性却获得相关荣誉。故选D项。
7.（2026·河南省部分重点中学高三质量检测）Fr 63-year-ld Maída Alves, a regular at Cine LT3, the venue hlds deep emtinal value. Having witnessed many cllective spaces emptying ut, she sees Csta’s theater as a rare cmmn grund. She als said, “I see Csta selling tickets, making ppcrn, cleaning, running the film and answering the phne. It shws hw yu have t take initiative t pursue a dream.”
Which wrd best describes Maida Alves’s feeling cncerning Csta?
A．Regret.B．Wrry.C．Admiratin.D．Indifference.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“She als said, “I see Csta selling tickets, making ppcrn, cleaning, running the film and answering the phne. It shws hw yu have t take initiative t pursue a dream.”(她还说：“我看到Csta卖票、做爆米花、打扫卫生、放电影和接电话。这表明你必须采取主动去追求梦想。”)” Maída Alves说看到Csta做各种工作，认为这展示了为追求梦想需主动采取行动。由此推知，Maid a Alves很钦佩Csta。故选C。
8.（2026·山西三晋卓越联盟高三质量检测）As a library vlunteer in my senir year, I bserved hw students used the space t cnnect thrugh crafts, games and cnversatins. Our librarians encuraged cnnectin by hsting bk clubs and versized bard games. A 2023 natinal survey fund that nly 55% f students felt clse t peple at their schl, dwn frm 62% in 2021, s effrts like these feel especially imprtant nw. After all, research has shwn these cnnectins are linked with imprved mental health, grades and behavir.
What can be inferred abut the schl library accrding t paragraph 4?
A．It creates a platfrm t cnduct studies.
B．It expses students t different cultures.
C．It prvides varius nline resurces.
D．It ffers cmmunity-building activities.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a library vlunteer in my senir year, I bserved hw students used the space t cnnect thrugh crafts, games and cnversatins. Our librarians encuraged cnnectin by hsting bk clubs and versized bard games. (高三那年，我担任图书馆志愿者，看到学生们通过手工、游戏和聊天的方式在这个空间里建立联系。图书管理员们通过举办读书俱乐部活动和大型棋盘游戏活动来鼓励大家交流互动)”可知，学校图书馆会开展各类有助于学生建立联结的活动，也就是提供了社区建设类的活动。故选D项。
9.（2026·河南省部分重点中学质量检测）Mst Califrnians are accustmed t experiencing earthquakes, but researchers warn that the state faces a lesser-knwn danger: supershear earthquakes, which mve s quickly that they utrun their wn seismic (地震的) waves.
“While Califrnia is n mre likely t have supershear earthquakes than ther similar regins with large fault (断层) systems like the San Andreas, the threat has gne unnticed fr t lng,” said Yehuda Ben-Zin, directr f the Statewide Califrnia Earthquake Center (SCEC), based at USC Drnsife. “The frequency f the supershear rupture (超剪切破裂) has been greatly underappreciated.”
“Just as a plane utpacing sund generates a pwerful shckwave in the atmsphere, a supershear rupture creates shck frnts in the grund nce it surpasses the speed f seismic shear waves,” said Ahmed Elbanna, directr-designate f SCEC． “It breaks the shear wave speed barrier in the rcks and prduces destructive waves that are strnger than what’s generated by a nrmal earthquake.”
This additinal frce can strike cmmunities with severe impact. Supershear quakes nt nly spread intense shaking ver larger regins but als deliver what Elbanna describes as a “duble strike”—a sharp shake frm the shck frnt fllwed by the seismic waves.
Wrldwide, abut ne-third f large strike-slip earthquakes are supershear. That matters in Califrnia, where many faults near large urban areas are strike-slip and capable f magnitude 7 earthquakes. “We cannt say exactly when and where the next earthquake will be and which ne will be supershear,” Ben-Zin said, “but we can say with certainty that ver the next few decades, we will have multiple magnitude 7 earthquakes in Califrnia.”
The researchers warn that current design standards dn’t fully accunt fr a supershear quake’s extra hit. Buildings are generally engineered fr the strngest shaking perpendicular t (垂直于) faults, but supershear quakes direct their energy alng the fault line itself. “Critical structures shuld be built t this higher standard, and s far, they are nt,” Ben-Zin said.
The researchers als call fr clser mnitring near majr faults and advanced cmputer predictins n supershear situatins. “This is where everybdy has t cntribute,” Elbanna said.
1．What can be knwn abut current buildings?
A．They can fall victim t supershear earthquakes.
B．They fully absrb the energy f supershear ruptures.
C．They can easily be destryed by nrmal earthquakes.
D．They dn’t accunt fr the shaking perpendicular t faults.
2．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T issue a warning abut cmmn earthquakes.
B．T ffer tips n analyzing a lesser-knwn danger.
C．T explre Califrnia’s earthquake-stricken areas.
D．T call fr preparatins fr supershear earthquakes.
【答案】1.A 2.D
【解析】1．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers warn that current design standards dn’t fully accunt fr a supershear quake’s extra hit.(研究人员警告说，目前的设计标准并没有完全考虑到超剪切地震的额外打击。)”可知，目前的建筑物达不到抵御超剪切地震的破坏力的标准。由此可推断，目前的建筑物可能会成为超剪切地震的受害者。故选A。
2．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Mst Califrnians are accustmed t experiencing earthquakes, but researchers warn that the state faces a lesser-knwn danger: supershear earthquakes, which mve s quickly that they utrun their wn seismic (地震的) waves.(大多数加州人已经习惯了经历地震，但研究人员警告说，该州面临着一种鲜为人知的危险：超剪切地震，这种地震移动得如此之快，以至于超过了自己的地震波。)”可知，本文主要介绍了超剪切地震的形成原因和危害及预测未来出现的可能性，进而呼吁人们为此做好充分的应对准备。故选D。
10.（2026·山西省天一高三月考）The island f Bali is a very ppular vacatin spt in Indnesia. Bali has beautiful beaches with white sand and crystal clear waters. But because there are s many turists, this ften means there is an increase f plastic, garbage and waste left n Bali’s beaches. Thankfully, there is nw an amazing technlgical advancement called the BeBt Smart Beach Cleaning Rbt, which can take care f this exact prblem.
The BeBt rbt went t market in May f 2025. It perates with very limited human interventin and is slar-pwered, making it ec-friendly. The rbt cllects waste and trash frm the beaches very efficiently and quickly. At the same time, these rbts are expensive. S althugh it is an innvative and effective tl, the respnsibility still lies n peple. Every persn must be careful with their trash and knw hw t deal with their waste apprpriately and respnsibly.
The BeBt rbt represents mre than just clean beaches, which is an imprtant gal in and f itself. It als shws that the peple in charge f Bali have sustainability as a gal, and that they care abut wasting less.
Bali’s waste management strategy is really wrking, and they have even been able t recently clse their biggest pen landfill(填埋场), Suwung TPA．In additin t that huge achievement, since the island prvince began using the rbts t clean beaches, Bali has been able t successfully reduce waste in their landfills frm 80% t 20%. The trash is nw being srted better, which allws the items t be recycled, reused r prcessed in mre sustainable ways instead. And what is even mre impressive is that they are n track t reduce it dwn t 5%.
The BeBt rbt indicates hpe, innvatin, creativity and efficiency. And if yu are ever in Bali and get t see it in actin, r even if yu see it just n vide, remember: Peple have the ability t live n a cleaner and less wasteful planet. And any challenge can be tackled with a bit f creativity and innvatin, ne step, r wave, at a time.
1．What is the primary limitatin f the BeBt rbt?
A．Its high cst f wnership.
B．Its need fr cnstant update.
C．Its inability t perate n white sand beaches.
D．Its inefficiency in srting different types f waste.
2．What significance des the BeBt rbt represent beynd beach cleaning?
A．The ptential fr cmplete remval f waste wrldwide.
B．Indnesia’s leadership in rbtic technlgy develpment.
C．The advantage f slar pwer ver traditinal energy surces.
D．Bali’s cmmitment t sustainable waste management practices.
3．What can be inferred abut Bali’s future waste management gals?
A．They will fcus n develping advanced rbts.
B．They will clse the largest landfill fr its envirnment impact.
C．They will try t achieve near-zer waste ging t landfills.
D．They will share their waste management technlgy glbally.
4．What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A．Technlgy will eventually replace human labrers.
B．Envirnmental prblems can be slved with new ideas.
C．The rbt’s success depends greatly n gvernmental supprt.
D．Rbts perfrm better than humans when it cmes t cleaning.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BeBt机器人的功能特点、在巴厘岛的应用效果及其带来的环保效益。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the same time, these rbts are expensive.(与此同时，这些机器人价格昂贵)”可知，这种名为BeBt的新型沙滩清洁机器人的持有成本很高。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The BeBt rbt represents mre than just clean beaches, which is an imprtant gal in and f itself. It als shws that the peple in charge f Bali have sustainability as a gal, and that they care abut wasting less.(贝博特机器人所代表的远不止是干净的海滩这一重要目标本身。它还表明，巴厘岛的管理者将可持续发展作为目标，并且他们也注重减少浪费)”可知，BeBt机器人不仅代表了清理海滩，它还表明巴厘岛的负责人以可持续发展为目标，结合下文介绍的巴厘岛在垃圾减量和分类回收方面的成就可以推断，BeBt机器人更大的意义是巴厘岛对可持续废物管理实践的投入。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In additin t that huge achievement, since the island prvince began using the rbts t clean beaches, Bali has been able t successfully reduce waste in their landfills frm 80% t 20%. The trash is nw being srted better, which allws the items t be recycled, reused r prcessed in mre sustainable ways instead. And what is even mre impressive is that they are n track t reduce it dwn t 5%.(除此之外，自从这个岛屿省份开始使用机器人清理海滩以来，巴厘岛成功地将垃圾填埋场的垃圾量从80% 减少了20%。现在垃圾的分类工作做得更好了，这使得这些物品能够被回收、再利用或以更可持续的方式进行处理。而更令人印象深刻的是，他们有望将这一比例进一步降低至5%)”可知，他们的目标是最终实现接近零垃圾填埋。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The BeBt rbt indicates hpe, innvatin, creativity and efficiency. And if yu are ever in Bali and get t see it in actin, r even if yu see it just n vide, remember: Peple have the ability t live n a cleaner and less wasteful planet. And any challenge can be tackled with a bit f creativity and innvatin, ne step, r wave, at a time.(贝博特机器人象征着希望、创新、创造力和效率。如果您有机会来到巴厘岛并亲眼目睹它的运行情况，或者哪怕只是通过视频看到它，那么请记住：人类有能力在一个更清洁、更节约资源的星球上生存。而且，任何挑战都可以通过一点创造力和创新来解决，一步一个脚印，或者一次挥手就能完成)”可知，BeBt机器人的象征意义是环境问题可以用新思路解决。故选B。

01推理判断考点综合练
1.（2026·辽宁省大连滨城联盟月考）The researchers began with 7,584 cancer bipsies (活检) frm 16 different cancer types. Each bipsy had been sliced int thin sectins and prepared. After the researchers integrated their new cancer bipsies as well as ther datasets, including images frm thusands f healthy cells, the AI prgram — which they named SEQUOIA — was able t predict the expressin patterns f mre than 15,000 different genes frm the stained images.
What can be inferred abut the datasets used t develp SEQUOIA?
A．They excluded images f healthy cells.
B．They included varius types f cancer bipsies.
C．They mainly cnsisted f breast cancer samples.
D．They were cllected after the AI prgram was built.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers began with 7,584 cancer bipsies (活检) frm 16 different cancer types. Each bipsy had been sliced int thin sectins and prepared. After the researchers integrated their new cancer bipsies as well as ther datasets, including images frm thusands f healthy cells, the AI prgram — which they named SEQUOIA — was able t predict... (研究人员从16种不同癌症类型的7584份癌症活检样本入手。每份活检样本都被切成薄片并做好了准备。研究人员整合了新的癌症活检样本以及其他数据集，包括数千个健康细胞的图像后，他们命名为SEQUOIA的人工智能程序能够预测……)”可推断，构建SEQUOIA所用的数据集包含多种癌症的活检样本。故选B。
2.（2026·山西三晋卓越联盟高三质量检测）The results? Sites in lw-ftprint regins hld abut ne-third f their ptential species and where the ftprint was high, identified diversity declined t 20%. Mdelling shwed that rads, pllutin, and land-use change depress diversity hundreds f kilmeters away, even inside prtected areas.
What des the study imply abut prtected areas?
A．Their resistance t threats imprves.
B．Distant human activities still harm them.
C．Their bidiversity remains unaffected.
D．Human disturbances seldm anny them.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Mdelling shwed that rads, pllutin, and land-use change depress diversity hundreds f kilmeters away, even inside prtected areas.(模型显示，道路、污染和土地利用变化会降低数百公里外的多样性，甚至在保护区内也是如此。)”可知，研究表明，即使是远离人类活动源头的保护区，也会受到人类活动的影响。故选B。
3.（2026·辽宁省名校联盟高三月考）General pwer rates depend n the cst f generating, sending, and delivering energy. Sme states are adjusting pricing mdels. Oregn, fr instance, nw requires data centers t pay fr the pressure they place n the grid s that hmewners aren’t left cvering thse csts. Withut such changes, experts warn, cnsumers will cntinue t feel the financial shck f the AI revlutin.
What is the authr’s attitude tward Oregn’s actin?
A．Dubtful.B．Uncncerned.C．Supprtive.D．Disapprving.
【答案】C
【解析】判断推理题。最后一段“Oregn, fr instance, nw requires data centers t pay fr the pressure they place n the grid s that hmewners aren’t left cvering thse csts. Withut such changes, experts warn, cnsumers will cntinue t feel the financial shck f the AI revlutin. (例如，俄勒冈州现在要求数据中心为他们对电网施加的压力付费，这样房主就不用支付这些费用了。专家警告说，如果没有这些变化，消费者将继续感受到人工智能革命带来的经济冲击)”可知，作者认为这种政策可以防止居民承担额外费用，语气是赞同与支持。故选C项。
4.（2026·辽宁省名校联盟高三月考）Experts pint t multiple causes. Maintaining and upgrading the pwer grid (电网) has becme mre expensive, especially as extreme weather becmes mre cmmn. But a new factr is driving the trend — artificial intelligence. The AI grwth has sharply increased demand fr electricity as cmpanies pur billins int data centers. OpenAI and Bradcm recently annunced plans t design 10 gigawatts f AI chips and systems, enugh t pwer a large city.
What can be inferred abut AI frm paragraph 2?
A．It mnitrs extreme weather.B．It limits industrial investment.
C．It drives the rise f pwer use.D．It lwers grid repair spending.
【答案】C
【解析】判断推理题。第二段“But a new factr is driving the trend — artificial intelligence. The AI grwth has sharply increased demand fr electricity as cmpanies pur billins int data centers. (但一个新的因素正在推动这一趋势——人工智能。随着企业向数据中心投入数十亿美元，人工智能的增长大幅增加了对电力的需求)”可知，AI的发展直接推动了用电量上升。故选C项。
5.（2026·陕西省多校联考高三月考）Out f the 83,000 patient set f test recrds, this system culd have saved 355 extra lives, In additin, the AI systems identified a number f risk factrs and predictrs nt cvered in the existing guidelines, like severe mental illness and the cnsumptin f ral crticsterids (皮质激素类). “There are a lt f interactins in bilgical systems,” Weng tld Science. “That’s the reality f the human bdy. What cmputer science allws us t d is explre thse assciatins.”
What can be implied in Weng’s wrds in paragraph 5?
A．Human bdies are t cmplex t study.
B．AI can help explre bdy interactins.
C．Dctrs knw a little abut ur bdies.
D．There are many algrithms abut medicine.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中““There are a lt f interactins in bilgical systems,” Weng tld Science. “That’s the reality f the human bdy. What cmputer science allws us t d is explre thse assciatins.”(“生物系统中有很多相互作用，” Weng告诉《科学》杂志。“这就是人体的现实。计算机科学允许我们探索这些联系。”)”可知，Weng在第五段的话中暗示了人工智能可以帮助探索身体的相互作用。故选B项。
6.（2026·陕西省多校联考高三月考）This is where AI can transfrm preventative medicine. By using vast datasets t uncver cmplex, nn-linear risk interactins beynd human analysis, these algrithms can enable earlier, mre precise interventins. This represents a significant step tward a future where data-driven predictins fundamentally reshape practive healthcare, mving beynd standardized checklists t persnalized risk assessment.
What is the authr’s attitude twards AI’s effect n preventative medicine?
A．Critical.B．Dubtful.C．Indifferent.D．Psitive.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is where AI can transfrm preventative medicine. By using vast datasets t uncver cmplex, nn-linear risk interactins beynd human analysis, these algrithms can enable earlier, mre precise interventins. This represents a significant step tward a future where data-driven predictins fundamentally reshape practive healthcare, mving beynd standardized checklists t persnalized risk assessment.( 这就是人工智能可以改变预防医学的地方。通过使用庞大的数据集来发现人类分析之外的复杂、非线性风险相互作用，这些算法可以实现更早、更精确的干预。这是迈向未来的重要一步，在未来，数据驱动的预测将从根本上重塑主动医疗保健，从标准化检查清单转向个性化风险评估。)”可推知，作者对人工智能对预防医学的影响持积极肯定的态度。故选D项。
7.（2026·广东澳台侨二十校高三第一次联考）D msquites prefer a certain bld type? Maybe — but it’s nt just ne factr that influences why these winged pests are attracted t us and researchers have nt yet reached an agreement n a final answer.
……
The questin f whether msquites prefer a certain bld type is cntrversial. One thery suggests that bld type may als help determine msquit preference. If that’s the case, what bld type d msquites like? A study fund that the main msquites that carry a certain virus (dengue virus) liked t bite peple with type O bld mre than thse with ther bld types.
What can we infer abut msquit preference fr bld types?
A．All scientists agree type O bld is mst attractive t msquites.
B．The link between bld type and msquit bites is nt prven.
C．Bld type is the mst imprtant factr fr msquit bites.
D．Future studies will cnfirm bld type affects msquit preference.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“D msquites prefer a certain bld type? Maybe — but it’s nt just ne factr that influences why these winged pests are attracted t us and researchers have nt yet reached an agreement n a final answer.(蚊子会偏好特定的血型吗？或许会有这种可能——但影响这些会飞的害虫为何会对我们产生吸引力的因素不止一个，而且研究人员目前尚未达成一致的结论)”以及倒数第二段“The questin f whether msquites prefer a certain bld type is cntrversial.(关于蚊子是否偏好特定的血型这一问题存在争议)”可知，血型与蚊子叮咬之间的关联未被证实，故选B。
8.（2026·重庆市康德高考模拟调研卷）If ther frms f transprt can be used, such as trains, that can be a better alternative fr the envirnment. Train statins are ften lcated in city centres, s yu can be right in the heart f the city in much less time. S, if yu’re tempted, pack light, plan smart and cnsider the best way t travel fr the envirnment and limited time yu have.
What can be inferred abut using trains fr extreme day trips?
A．They are always cheaper than flights.
B．Scial media grups strngly recmmend them.
C．They are nly practical within the same cuntry.
D．They reduce transfer time and envirnmental impact.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If ther frms f transprt can be used, such as trains, that can be a better alternative fr the envirnment. Train statins are ften lcated in city centres, s yu can be right in the heart f the city in much less time. (如果可以选择其他交通方式，比如火车，那会是更环保的替代方案。火车站通常位于市中心，所以你能在更短的时间内抵达城市核心区域。)”可知，乘坐火车进行极限一日游，既可以减少交通中转的时间，又能降低对环境的影响。故选D项。
9.（2026·重庆市部分区县学校高三月考）Typically featuring zmbies and serial killers, hrrr mvies are t frightening t be fun fr sme peple. But many thers enjy a gd fear, and line up t see the latest scary mvie. Given the variatins in preferences, new studies have started t shw the benefits and risks f hrrr mvies.
One benefit f hrrr mvies revlves arund the cncept f s-called “safe fear.” When watching a frightening film, peple are in the cmfrt f their wn hme r theater seats rather than under the threat f any real danger. In a cntrlled envirnment, these films may actually reduce the negative impact n viewers and help them becme tugher. Researchers believe that viewers are learning vicariusly this way, picking up tips n hw t handle threats in the real wrld. In additin, studies shw that the thrill and excitement linked with scary films can be healthy: It allws viewers t release bttled-up emtins and experience a sense f relief after the mvie is ver. This prbably explains why during the COVID-19 pandemic, hrrr and pandemic thrillers were the mst-watched mvies n digital mvie apps.
Hwever, researchers als find that hrrr mvies can have negative effects n sme peple. Peple wh are mre sensitive t anxiety can panic after viewing a thriller. Fr thse with unpleasant experiences, trauma may be triggered by the themes and images in the mvies, which culd make their symptms wrse. Furthermre, watching hrrr mvies can disturb sleep patterns, as the fear and anxiety they cause may keep peple awake all night, thus leading t exhaustin and bad temper the fllwing day. Finally, specialists warn that frightening films can have a negative impact n children. Children under 14 wh watch hrrr mvies have a greater chance f develping anxiety later in adulthd. Wrse yet, expsure t graphic vilence and bldshed can make them less sensitive t real-life vilence.
1．What field des the passage mainly cver?
A．Psychlgy.B．Educatin.C．Philsphy.D．Cmmunicatin.
2．What des the authr mean by “learning vicariusly” in the secnd paragraph?
A．Making inquiries withut reservatin.
B．Gaining knwledge thrugh bservatin.
C．Acquiring insights by face-t-face interactin.
D．Obtaining infrmatin frm persnal experience.
3．Which f the fllwing statements abut hrrr mvies can be inferred frm the passage?
A．hrrr mvie lvers have a higher chance f vilent behavir.
B．There are far mre benefits t hrrr mvies than disadvantages.
C．COVID-19 was an imprtant surce f inspiratin fr hrrr mvies.
D．Watching hrrr mvies may have a lng-term effect n persnality.
4．Hw des the authr develp the ideas in this passage?
A．By defining and illustrating a cncept.
B．By shwing ppsing views f an issue.
C．By presenting cause and effect f a prblem.
D．By prviding steps fr settling a disagreement.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对恐怖片喜好不同，研究显示其有“安全恐惧”带来的益处（如释放情绪、学习应对技巧），也存在引发焦虑、影响睡眠及儿童心理等风险。
1．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Typically featuring zmbies and serial killers, hrrr mvies are t frightening t be fun fr sme peple. But many thers enjy a gd fear, and line up t see the latest scary mvie. Given the variatins in preferences, new studies have started t shw the benefits and risks f hrrr mvies.( 恐怖电影通常以僵尸和连环杀手为主角，对一些人来说，恐怖片太可怕了，没有乐趣。但也有很多人喜欢恐怖片，排着队去看最新的恐怖片。考虑到偏好的变化，新的研究开始显示恐怖电影的好处和风险。)”可知，文章主要分析恐怖片对不同人群心理和行为的影响，包括缓解情绪、引发焦虑、影响儿童心理发展等内容，由此可知，这些都属于心理学的研究范畴。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When watching a frightening film, peple are in the cmfrt f their wn hme r theater seats rather than under the threat f any real danger. In a cntrlled envirnment, these films may actually reduce the negative impact n viewers and help them becme tugher.( 在观看恐怖电影时，人们是在自己家里或电影院的舒适座位上，而不是在任何真实危险的威胁下。在一个可控的环境中，这些电影实际上可能会减少对观众的负面影响，并帮助他们变得更加坚强。)”以及“…picking up tips n hw t handle threats in the real wrld.(……学习如何在现实世界中处理威胁的技巧。)”可知，前文提到，人们在安全的环境中观看恐怖片，后文补充这种方式能让观众学到应对现实威胁的技巧。结合语境，“learning vicariusly”的意思是“间接的、通过观察他人经历学习”。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Children under 14 wh watch hrrr mvies have a greater chance f develping anxiety later in adulthd. Wrse yet, expsure t graphic vilence and bldshed can make them less sensitive t real- life vilence.( 14岁以下观看恐怖电影的儿童在成年后更有可能患上焦虑症。更糟糕的是，接触到图像暴力和流血会使他们对现实生活中的暴力不那么敏感。)”可知，文中提到 14 岁以下儿童看恐怖片，成年后更易产生焦虑，焦虑属于性格相关的心理特质，由此可推断出看恐怖片可能对性格产生长期影响，故选D项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出“恐怖片的利弊”话题，第二段详细阐述好处（安全恐惧、释放情绪、学习应对技巧），第三段重点分析坏处（引发焦虑、触发创伤、影响睡眠、危害儿童心理），整体是通过呈现同一问题的正反两面来展开论述。故选B项。
10.（2026·广东省高三模拟预测）S, yu’ve finished that dull bk. Yu sat thrugh the mvie yu paid fr, super bred. Std in a lng queue fr that milk tea. Paid much fr the luxury handbag — expensive nnsense.
What d these have in cmmn? They’re all examples f what ecnmists call “sunk csts (沉没成本)”: the price yu’ve already paid — in time, mney, effrt, suffering, fr an item r an experience — hlds yu t them. It’s a phenmenn we all recgnize. It affects ur behavir in ways that can be unreasnable. But we d it.
T avid the situatin, ecnmists tell us t make decisins based mainly n future value, nt past investment. If the nging cst utweighs the expected benefit, ne shuld cut their lsses and walk away. It hurts, yes, but this cld, clear lgic prtects us frm ging brke.
Yet, life is rarely s neatly calculated. This purely ecnmic view raises difficult questins: Des the value f an experience lie nly in its utcme, r als in the prcess? A jyful jurney with an rdinary gal and a painful ne aimed at a splendid achievement, which ne is mre wrthwhile?
When it cmes t educatin, the sunk csts thery desn’t seem applicable. Parents and teachers pur immeasurable amunt f investment — lve, time, hpe, mney — int the grwth f a child. Will the child turn ut the way they expect? N guarantee. If we view this thrugh a strict cst-benefit angle, much f educatin can be written ff as a “sunk cst.” Educatin is bviusly different frm the cmmercial wrld. A child’s grwth cannt be planned like a business strategy; it unflds like a unique and unpredictable stry. We can’t dream his dreams r live his life; we can nly build the stage, and light his path.
In educatin we have t hld nt this faith: everything we d fr a child is wrthwhile. Every act f lve is like ffering light and water t a seed; while we can’t see its rts grw undergrund, we knw it. That child will blssm (开花) sme day. Nt all that has cst is sunk.
1．Which f the fllwing best describes the examples in paragraph 1?
A．Bring but beneficial.B．Interesting but wrthless.
C．Jyful and wrthwhile.D．Senseless and regrettable.
2．What d ecnmists advise us t d t avid sunk csts?
A．Fcus n the utcme.B．Ignre the future lsses.
C．Calculate the past cst.D．Pursue the hidden gains.
3．What is the writer’s attitude twards the investment in educatin?
A．Indifferent.B．Favrable.C．Balanced.D．Critical.
4．Why des the authr write the text?
A．T prmte a principle.B．T crrect a misbehavir.
C．T challenge a cncept.D．T present a phenmenn.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨沉没成本理论的适用场景，同时质疑其在教育领域的适用性，强调教育投入的价值。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“S, yu’ve finished that dull bk. Yu sat thrugh the mvie yu paid fr, super bred. Std in a lng queue fr that milk tea. Paid much fr the luxury handbag—expensive nnsense.(那么，你已经看完那本枯燥乏味的书了。你耐着性子看完了花钱买的电影，全程超级无聊。为了那杯奶茶排了好久的队。花大价钱买了个奢侈手袋 —— 昂贵的无用之物)”可知，这些例子都是无意义且可能让人后悔的经历。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“T avid the situatin, ecnmists tell us t make decisins based mainly n future value, nt past investment.(为了避免这种情况，经济学家告诉我们，决策应主要基于未来价值，而不是过去的投资)”可知，经济学家建议我们关注结果（未来价值）以避免沉没成本的影响。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Educatin is bviusly different frm the cmmercial wrld.(教育显然与商业世界不同)”以及第六段中的“In educatin we have t hld nt this faith: everything we d fr a child is wrthwhile.(在教育中，我们必须坚守这样的信念：我们为孩子所做的一切都是值得的)”可知，作者认为教育投入与商业领域的沉没成本不同，对教育投入持支持态度。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段“When it cmes t educatin, the sunk csts thery desn’t seem applicable.(说到教育，沉没成本理论似乎并不适用)”可知，文章先介绍沉没成本理论及经济学家的建议，随后通过提问引发思考，并指出该理论在教育领域不适用，强调教育投入的独特价值，目的是对沉没成本这一概念的挑战。故选C项。
02推理判断考点综合练
1.（2026·河北省唐山市十校高三期中）What if Mr. Darcy’s imprtant letter t Elizabeth was never delivered? This is the thught-prvking (发人深省的) questin explred in the play Pride and Prejudice, a fresh adaptatin f Jane Austen’s classic nvel. The play, written and directed by Isbel McArthur, creatively reimagines the stry frm the perspective f the ften-verlked servants. It challenges audiences t reflect n hw these backgrund characters, usually nameless and silent, actually influence the plt.
The shw begins with actrs dressed as servants, directly engaging the audience. This unique pening instantly highlights the servants’ presence and imprtance, making audiences questin their usual assumptins abut wh truly matters in a stry. As ne character prvcatively asks, “What wuld happen if we delivered a letter just a little bit later?” This simple questin reveals hw critical the servants’ rles are in shaping the rmantic plt, shining a light n class differences and the unseen labr behind the scenes.
A striking aspect f the play is its use f music. Instead f traditinal sngs, the actrs grab micrphnes and sing mdern karake hits. This innvative apprach nt nly entertains but als gives a pwerful vice t the traditinally viceless servants. It helps bridge the gap between the histrical setting and mdern audiences, making the critique f scial hierarchies (等级制度) mre relatable and impactful.
Fr thse wh have seen the play, it ffers a pleasant experience. Beynd the laughter and enjyment, it encurages a deeper understanding f Austen’s wrld. Many audience members, including myself, fund themselves rethinking their relatinship t classic nvels and hw characters are presented. The play effectively reminds us that every individual, regardless f their scial status, plays a significant rle in the grand narrative (叙事) f life. It inspires us t pay mre attentin t the ften-unacknwledged cntributins f thers.
1．What can we learn abut the play’s pening?
A．It displays beautiful cstumes.B．It intrduces the main characters.
C．It explains the histrical backgrund.D．It challenges the audience’s assumptins
2．Which wrd can best describe the rle f servants?
A．Decrative.B．Underrated.C．Insignificant.D．Incnsistent.
3．What is the authr’s verall pinin f the play?
A．It ffers bth enjyment and insight.B．Its acting perfrmance is utstanding.
C．It cntradicts the authr’s riginal intent.D．It faithfully recreates the histrical scene.
4．What is the text?
A．A review.B．A reprt.C．An advertisement.D．A graduatin paper.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇戏剧评论。主要介绍改编自简·奥斯汀经典小说的话剧《傲慢与偏见》，其创新视角、表现形式及带给观众的思考。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The shw begins with actrs dressed as servants, directly engaging the audience. This unique pening instantly highlights the servants’presence and imprtance, making audiences questin their usual assumptins abut wh truly matters in a stry. (话剧以装扮成仆人的演员开场，直接与观众互动。这个独特的开场立即凸显了仆人的存在和重要性，让观众质疑他们通常对故事中真正重要的人物的固有看法。)”可知，话剧的开场挑战了观众的固有假设，故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The play, written and directed by Isbel McArthur, creatively reimagines the stry frm the perspective f the ften-verlked servants. It challenges audiences t reflect n hw these backgrund characters, usually nameless and silent, actually influence the plt. (这部由伊莎贝尔・麦克阿瑟编剧并执导的话剧，以常被忽视的仆人为视角，对原著故事进行了富有创意的重新构想。它促使观众反思这些通常无名无姓、沉默寡言的背景人物，究竟是如何实际影响剧情发展的。)可知，仆人在故事中虽常被忽视，但实际发挥着重要作用，因此“被低估的”最能描述其角色特点。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Fr thse wh have seen the play, it ffers a pleasant experience. Beynd the laughter and enjyment, it encurages a deeper understanding f Austen’s wrld. (对于看过这部话剧的观众而言，它带来了一段愉悦的体验。除了欢笑与乐趣之外，这部剧还能促使人们更深入地理解奥斯汀笔下的世界。)”以及“The play effectively reminds us that every individual, regardless f their scial status, plays a significant rle in the grand narrative (叙事) f life. It inspires us t pay mre attentin t the ften-unacknwledged cntributins f thers. (这部话剧有力地提醒我们：无论社会地位如何，每个人在人生的宏大叙事中都扮演着重要角色。它还激励我们更加关注他人那些常被忽视的贡献。)”可知，作者认为这部话剧既带来了娱乐享受，又能引发观众的深刻思考，兼具趣味性和洞察力，故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，作者介绍了话剧的改编亮点、表现形式（开场、音乐），并分享了自己及观众的观剧感受与思考，符合“评论”的文体特征——对作品进行评价、分析并表达个人观点。故选A项。
2.（2026·河南省部分学校高三月考）Fr the last 20 years, Cynthia Rsenzweig has been trying t answer a very big questin: Hw will Earth’s warming climate affect humanity’s ability t feed itself?
The questin came t her almst by accident in the 1980s when she fund a jb at the NASA Gddard Institute fr Space Studies(GISS), analyzing pictures that satellites had taken f farmers’ fields.
At that time, few had heard f the greenhuse effect. But several flrs abve her, ther GISS scientists were wrking n the issue full time. They were creating sme f the first cmputer mdels t predict CO₂ in the atmsphere. And ne day, a questin ccurred t them: Hw wuld it affect crps?
Rsenzweig turned fr answers t anther family f mdels which were created t predict hw a crp will grw and hw much grain it will prduce under particular envirnmental cnditins.
“What the s-called crp mdels are actually ding is marching thrugh crp grwth, day by day, t see hw much carbhydrate(碳水化合物) can be prduced with the available slar energy and water under the minimum and maximum temperatures,” Rsenzweig recalls.
Her cnclusin? Well, it’s cmplicated.
“Fr the next few decades, climate change prbably wn’t cause a huge change in the ttal amunt f fd in the wrld,” says Rsenzweig. “But there will be winners and lsers. Sme cuntries are likely t grw mre fd, partly because rising temperatures will lengthen the grwing seasn there. In trpical areas, it’s a negative pressure right away. There are tw reasns fr this. First, places like India, Pakistan and parts f Africa are expected t get less rain and experience mre frequent drughts. Secnd, while crps need warmth, t much f it is harmful fr their develpment. And in the lng term, if the glbe cntinues t heat up, even the mst ptimistic cmputer mdels shw wrsening cnditins acrss the wrld.”
But Siwa Msangi, an ecnmist at the Internatinal Fd Plicy Research Institute in Washingtn, refuses t be pessimistic. “Peple are learning hw t send less heat-trapping gas int the air and, pssibly, hw t create a wrld where peple everywhere can get enugh t eat,” she says.
1．What was Cynthia Rsenzweig first assigned t d at GISS?
A．Mnitr the greenhuse effect.
B．Predict CO₂ in the atmsphere.
C．Take pictures f farmers’ fields.
D．Study phts taken by satellites.
2．What is Cynthia Rsenzweig’s cnclusin abut the lng-term effect?
A．There will be winners and lsers.B．trpical cuntries will suffer the mst.
C．N cuntries wn’t be affected.D．Cuntries in the cld areas will benefit.
3．What des Siwa Msangi suggest abut Cynthia Rsenzweig’s study?
A．She is cnvinced.B．Mre factrs shuld be cnsidered.
C．It is nt practical.D．The prcess is far frm being scientific.
4．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt.B．Cynthia Rsenzweig’s nline prfile.
C．A GISS dcument.D．A review f Cynthia Rsenzweig’s article.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了近20年辛西娅·罗森茨威格借助模型研究气候变暖对全球粮食供应的影响，发现短期有输赢之分、长期形势恶化，而希瓦·姆桑吉对此持乐观态度。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The questin came t her almst by accident in the 1980s when she fund a jb at the NASA Gddard Institute fr Space Studies(GISS), analyzing pictures that satellites had taken f farmers’ fields.( 上世纪80年代，当她在美国宇航局戈达德太空研究所（GISS）找到一份工作时，几乎是偶然地想到了这个问题，当时她的工作是分析卫星拍摄的农民田地的照片。)”可知，辛西娅·罗森茨威格最初的工作是分析卫星图片。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第七段中“And in the lng term, if the glbe cntinues t heat up, even the mst ptimistic cmputer mdels shw wrsening cnditins acrss the wrld.( 从长远来看，如果全球继续变暖，即使是最乐观的计算机模型也会显示全球气候状况正在恶化。)”可知，辛西娅·罗森茨威格关于长期效应的结论是没有国家不会受到影响。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Peple are learning hw t send less heat-trapping gas int the air and, pssibly, hw t create a wrld where peple everywhere can get enugh t eat,” she says.( 她说：“人们正在学习如何减少向空气中排放吸热气体，或许还在学习如何创造一个世界，让世界各地的人们都能吃饱。”)”可推知，希瓦·姆桑吉认为辛西娅·罗森茨威格的研究应该考虑更多的因素。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以罗森茨威格的研究问题为切入点，介绍了她的研究内容、结论，还引用了另一位学者的观点，语言客观平实，符合新闻报道的写作风格。故选A项。
3.（2026·河南省新未来年高三质量检测）Peple living in mre disadvantaged neighburhds may be mre likely t develp dementia (痴呆症) than peple living in neighburhds with fewer disadvantages, accrding t a new study published. The study des nt prve that neighburhd factrs cause dementia; it nly shws an assciatin. Neighburhd status is determined by factrs such as incme, emplyment, educatin and disability.
“Our findings shw that the cmmunity in which yu live influences yur risk f develping dementia,” said study authr Pankaja Desai, PhD, f Rush University in Chicag, Illinis. “Mst studies f risk factrs fr Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症) fcus n the individual level, nt the cmmunity level. Of curse, intervening at the cmmunity level is challenging, but priritizing disadvantaged cmmunities may be an effective way t mbilize resurces fr lder adults and prvide avenues (途径) fr reducing the risk f dementia fr the verall cmmunity.”
The study invlved 6,781 peple with an average age f 72 living in fur cmmunities in Chicag. Tests f thinking and memry skills were given at the beginning f the study and every three years fr at least six years f fllw-up. A grup f 2,534 peple were evaluated fr dementia.
Researchers lked at US Census tracts (人口普查区) f the fur neighburhds based n amunt f disadvantage. By the end f the study, 11% f the peple in the tracts with the least disadvantage had develped Alzheimer’s disease, cmpared t 14% in the tracts with the next lwest disadvantage, 17% in the tracts with next-t-highest amunt f disadvantage and 22% in the tracts with the highest amunt f disadvantage.
Once researchers adjusted fr ther factrs that culd affect the risk f dementia, such as age, sex and educatin, they fund that peple in the tracts with the mst disadvantage were mre than twice as likely t develp dementia as thse in the tracts with the least disadvantage.
A limitatin f the study was that participants all lived in Chicag neighburhds, s the results may nt apply t ther ppulatins.
1．What des the study primarily indicate abut neighburhd disadvantages?
A．They nly affect individuals under 70.B．They may increase the risk f dementia.
C．They have n impact n cgnitive health.D．They directly cause Alzheimer’s disease.
2．Hw des the authr present the findings?
A．By raising a questin.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving an example.D．By listing sme figures.
3．What are researchers mst likely t d in the next stage?
A．Expand the study t ther regins.B．Make their findings knwn t mre.
C．Target individual-level interventins.D．Fcus n genetic factrs in dementia risk.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Dementia Rates Vary Acrss Different Cities
B．Factrs Causing Dementia Identified in a New Study
C．Neighburhd Disadvantages Linked t Dementia Risk
D．Cmmunity-Level Interventins fr Dementia Preventin
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现居住在条件较差社区的人患痴呆症概率更高，同时说明研究局限性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Peple living in mre disadvantaged neighburhds may be mre likely t develp dementia than peple living in neighburhds with fewer disadvantages, accrding t a new study published. (一项新发表的研究表明，居住在条件较差社区的人可能比居住在条件较好社区的人更容易患上痴呆症。)”可知，该研究主要表明社区条件差可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By the end f the study, 11% f the peple in the tracts with the least disadvantage had develped Alzheimer’s disease, cmpared t 14% in the tracts with the next lwest disadvantage, 17% in the tracts with next-t-highest amunt f disadvantage and 22% in the tracts with the highest amunt f disadvantage. (到研究结束时，居住在劣势程度最低区域的人中有11%患上了阿尔茨海默症，劣势程度第二低的区域这一比例为14%，劣势程度第二高的区域为17%，劣势程度最高的区域为22%。)”可知，作者是通过列举一系列数据来呈现研究结果的。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“A limitatin f the study was that participants all lived in Chicag neighburhds, s the results may nt apply t ther ppulatins. (这项研究的一个局限性是参与者都居住在芝加哥的社区，因此研究结果可能不适用于其他人群。)”可知，研究样本存在地域局限性，由此推测研，究人员下一步最有可能将研究范围扩展到其他地区。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Peple living in mre disadvantaged neighburhds may be mre likely t develp dementia than peple living in neighburhds with fewer disadvantages, accrding t a new study published. The study des nt prve that neighburhd factrs cause dementia; it nly shws an assciatin. (一项新发表的研究表明，居住在条件较差社区的人可能比居住在条件较好社区的人更容易患上痴呆症。该研究并未证明社区因素会导致痴呆症，仅表明两者存在关联。)”可知，全文围绕社区条件差与痴呆症患病风险的关联展开。因此“社区条件差与痴呆症患病风险有关联”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
4.（2026·河北省高三期中）When I first stepped int Gaelscil Dhún Dealgan, an Irish-medium schl lcated in Dundalk, I felt a quiet unease abut picking up what s many labeled a “dying language”— it grew frm the simple fact that I, like mst f my classmates, had n histry f speaking Irish at hme, and I’d heard nly 1.2 millin peple wrldwide still used it. Little did I knw this wuld mark the start f an amazing jurney t safeguard a precius cultural treasure.
We learned math, histry and traditinal sngs all in Irish, and as days passed, the nce-strange wrds gradually felt natural. Ireland nw has 291 Gaelscil schls, with 48,684 students in 2023-2024, accunting fr 8% f primary schl ppulatin. Duling, a ppular language app amng us students, reprts ver 1 millin weekly active Irish learners glbally. After class, I ften turned t TikTk, where the # Gaelige tag has hit 117 millin views; frm the platfrm, I learnt creatrs like@ seambyseam, wh has 170, 000 fllwers, made educatinal Irish-language vides, while the grup Kneecap used their music t shw the language’s trendy and energetic side.
The gvernment requires that public bdies respnd t public cmmunicatins in the language they receive and integrate Irish int their lgs (标识) . Even buses and trains acrss Ireland nw feature bilingual (双语) stp annuncements, making the language visible in daily life. In the schl, I ften jined the cmmunity campaign fr Irish language rights. We als celebrated Seachaint na Gaeilge (Irish Language Week) in March, jining bilingual walks and music events that brught peple f all ages tgether.
Last mnth, my class perfrmed an Irish play at a lcal festival, and seeing kids frm English-speaking families clapping and cheering filled me with great pride. Nw, Irish is nt just a schl subject but a part f ur music, daily chats and public services. This experience taught me that endangered languages can survive and grw when yung peple adpt them with passin and receive strng plicy supprt.
1．Which wrd best describes the authr’s initial feeling at the schl?
A．Cnfused.B．Amazed.C．Excited.D．Wrried.
2．What d the statistics in paragraph 2 indicate regarding the Irish learning?
A．The learning effectiveness.B．The authr’s useful appraches.
C．The peple’s great interest.D．The supprt frm scial platfrms.
3．What des the authr highlight abut the effrts t prmte Irish?
A．The cmbined fficial and public effrts.B．The yunger generatin’s rle mdeling.
C．The ppularity f natinal bilingual walks.D．The reductin f English usage in all fields.
4．What is the suitable title fr the text?
A．The Key t Irish Language SurvivalB．A Persnal Irish Learning Jurney
C．Plicy Impacts n the Irish LanguageD．Challenges and Hpes Irish Faces
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己在盖尔语学校学习爱尔兰语的经历。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I first stepped int Gaelscil Dhún Dealgan, an Irish-medium schl lcated in Dundalk, I felt a quiet unease abut picking up what s many labeled a “dying language”— it grew frm the simple fact that I, like mst f my classmates, had n histry f speaking Irish at hme, and I’d heard nly 1.2 millin peple wrldwide still used it. (当我第一次走进盖尔斯科学校Dhún Dealgan，这是一所位于邓多克的爱尔兰语学校时，我感到一种隐隐的不安，因为我要学习一门被许多人称为“即将消亡的语言”的语言——这源于一个简单的事实：我和我的大多数同学一样，从来没有在家里说过爱尔兰语，而且我听说全世界只有120万人还在使用爱尔兰语。)”可知，作者初进学校时对学习爱尔兰语感到担忧。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Ireland nw has 291 Gaelscil schls, with 48, 684 students in 2023-2024, accunting fr 8% f primary schl ppulatin. Duling, a ppular language app amng us students, reprts ver 1 millin weekly active Irish learners glbally.(爱尔兰现在有291所盖尔语学校，2023-2024学年有48684名学生，占小学人口的8%。Duling是一款深受我们学生喜爱的语言应用，据报道，全球每周有超过100万活跃的爱尔兰语学习者。)”可知，本段列举了291所盖尔学校、48684名学生、Duling每周有超过100万活跃的爱尔兰语学习者等数据，均显示出公众对学习爱尔兰语的浓厚兴趣。 故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The gvernment requires that public bdies respnd t public cmmunicatins in the language they receive and integrate Irish int their lgs (标识) . Even buses and trains acrss Ireland nw feature bilingual (双语) stp annuncements, making the language visible in daily life. In the schl, I ften jined the cmmunity campaign fr Irish language rights. We als celebrated Seachaint na Gaeilge (Irish Language Week) in March, jining bilingual walks and music events that brught peple f all ages tgether.(政府要求公共机构用他们接收到的语言回应公众沟通，并将爱尔兰语融入他们的标志中。现在，爱尔兰的公共汽车和火车都配备了双语停车通知，让人们在日常生活中都能看到这种语言。在学校里，我经常参加争取爱尔兰语权利的社区活动。我们还在3月份庆祝了爱尔兰语言周，参加了双语步行和音乐活动，把各个年龄段的人聚集在一起。)”可知，本段先后提到政府政策（双语标识、交通播报、语言周）与公众行动（社区运动、音乐节）相结合，共同助推爱尔兰语复兴。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Little did I knw this wuld mark the start f an amazing jurney t safeguard a precius cultural treasure.(我一点也不知道，这将标志着一段保护珍贵文化宝藏的奇妙旅程的开始。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者自己在盖尔语学校学习爱尔兰语的经历，从一开始的担忧，到后来在学习过程中感受到爱尔兰语学习的情况，以及参与推广爱尔兰语的活动等。所以，B项“A Persnal Irish Learning Jurney (爱尔兰语学习之旅)”适合作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B项。
5.（2026·湖北省黄冈市部分高中高三月考）A study published in Nature n July 16th ffers the strngest evidence that the urge t sleep is caused by a build-up f electrns in the mitchndria(线粒体) f certain brain cells. If true, sleep may have riginally emerged as a way f repairing mitchndria, with its ther benefits evlving later.
Mitchndria, which exist in almst all human and animal cells, supply energy by taking electrns frm fuel mlecules (供能分子) btained frm fd. Hwever, sme electrns leak ut during this prcess. These leaked electrns react with xygen t create harmful by-prducts — if these substances build up, they will damage cells. The new study pints ut that when sleep-cntrl neurns detect t much mitchndrial damage, they cause sleep. These neurns wrk like circuit-breakers: they make the brain fall int sleep befre t many electrns accumulate, preventing further harm. Sleep then restres the balance f electrns and fixes damaged mitchndria.
T test this idea, scientists did experiments n fruit flies. First, they labelled the flies’ sleep-cntrl neurns (called drsal fan-shaped bdy neurns, dFBNs) with a glwing prtein. Then, they disrupted the flies’ sleep by keeping them in cnstant mtin fr 12 hurs.
After the experiment, the scientists bserved the dFBNs under a micrscpe. They fund that the mitchndria in these neurns had brken apart — a sign that electrns had caused damage. But nce the flies gt sme sleep, the mitchndria jined back tgether, just like fixing a brken bject.
Ivana Rsenzweig, a specialist in sleep neurscience, describes the findings as a “significant cnceptual shift”. Since energy supply is linked t sleep in many species, electrn build-up may als cause sleep pressure in humans. The study’s authrs nte that peple with mitchndrial disrders ften feel unusually sleepy, and they hpe the research will help slve sleep disrders and tiredness-related prblems.
1．What can we knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Sleep may initially fix mitchndria.
B．Mitchndria take electrns frm fd.
C．Electrns leakage damages cells directly.
D．Neurns cause sleep when electrns leak.
2．Why des the authr mentin “fruit flies” in paragraph 3?
A．T explain a rule.B．T clarify a cncept.
C．T make a predictin.D．T cnfirm an assumptin.
3．What can we infer frm Ivana Rsenzweig’s cmment?
A．Electrn build-up nly affects sleep in fruit flies.
B．Previus studies n sleep pressure were cmpletely wrng.
C．The study changes the way peple understand sleep causes.
D．Mitchndrial disrders are the main cause f sleep prblems.
4．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T explain hw t imprve sleep quality.
B．T intrduce a study n the cause f sleep urge.
C．T discuss the link between diet and sleep health.
D．T cmpare different theries f mitchndrial repair.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究，该研究提供了强有力的证据，表明睡眠欲望是由某些脑细胞线粒体中电子的积累引起的。睡眠最初可能是作为修复线粒体的一种方式出现。文章还介绍了相关实验过程及该研究对解决睡眠障碍的潜在意义。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“If true, sleep may have riginally emerged as a way f repairing mitchndria, with its ther benefits evlving later.(如果这是真的，睡眠最初可能是作为一种修复线粒体的方式出现的，而它的其他好处是后来才进化的。)”以及第二段中的“The new study pints ut that when sleep-cntrl neurns detect t much mitchndrial damage, they cause sleep. These neurns wrk like circuit-breakers: they make the brain fall int sleep befre t many electrns accumulate, preventing further harm. Sleep then restres the balance f electrns and fixes damaged mitchndria.(这项新研究指出，当睡眠控制神经元检测到线粒体损伤过多时，它们会导致睡眠。这些神经元就像断路器一样:在过多的电子积累之前，它们让大脑进入睡眠状态，防止进一步的伤害。然后睡眠恢复了电子的平衡，修复了受损的线粒体。)”可知，睡眠最初可能是作为一种修复线粒体的方式出现的，即睡眠最初可能修复线粒体。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“T test this idea, scientists did experiments n fruit flies.(为了验证这个想法，科学家们在果蝇身上做了实验。)”以及后文描述的实验过程和结果，可知作者提到“果蝇”是为了验证前文提到的“当睡眠控制神经元检测到线粒体损伤过多时，它们会导致睡眠”这一假设。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ivana Rsenzweig, a specialist in sleep neurscience, describes the findings as a “significant cnceptual shift”. Since energy supply is linked t sleep in many species, electrn build-up may als cause sleep pressure in humans.(睡眠神经科学专家Ivana Rsenzweig将这一发现描述为“重大的概念转变”。由于能量供应与许多物种的睡眠有关，电子的积累也可能导致人类的睡眠压力。)”可知，Ivana Rsenzweig认为这项研究改变了人们对睡眠原因的理解方式，即电子的积累可能导致睡眠压力，这是一个重大的概念转变。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A study published in Nature n July 16th ffers the strngest evidence that the urge t sleep is caused by a build-up f electrns in the mitchndria(线粒体) f certain brain cells.(7月16日发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究提供了最有力的证据，证明睡眠的冲动是由某些脑细胞线粒体中电子的积累引起的。)”以及后文对该研究的详细描述和实验验证，可知文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于睡眠冲动原因的研究。故选B项。
6.（2026·江苏省宿迁青华中学高三第一次模拟测试）Why is it imprtant t fllw rules and take turns, even if yu dn’t want t?
My father taught me t drive almst 40 years ag. I still hear him smetimes.
“Watch wh gets there first,” he says. “In case f a tie, give way t the car n the right.” Dad lved fur-way stps. He saw them as prf that humans culd behave ratinally (理性地) fr everyne’s benefit.
I still feel nervus as I cme t ne, cars mving frward, drivers impatient. I knw the rules, but it’s always a discussin. Yu have t be alert and civil. Letting smene g ahead feels like a favr. But it’s thrugh these small acts f kindness that everyne gets where they need t g. T Dad, fur-way stps were civilizatin in miniature (缩影).
Respecting thers’ humanity in a car is an act f self-cntrl. When Dad was teaching me, I remember stalling (熄火) in a busy rundabut, lking anxiusly in the rear-view mirrr.
“Dn’t wrry abut them,” Dad said. N ne hnked. Tday, everyne’s in a hurry. Nw, I stp at the white line and wnder if I shuld let a nervus student driver g first. If they wait t lng, I expect t hear a hrn.
Dad believed peple want t d right, but that depends n a shared sense f fairness. When kindness is seen as weakness, all bets are ff.
“Civilizatin is a thin veneer (表面装饰),” he’d say. I think civil sciety is mre like chemistry: everywhere, but als lcal. At any ne place, it’s weak. But behind the wheel, I’m nt pwerless. I can uphld the bnd here at the fur-way stp.
This bnd isn’t just pliteness. It’s the belief that helping thers desn’t cst us. Dad’s lessn was that everyne succeeds when we all mve frward, nt just a lucky few.
One day, the pwer went ut and the traffic lights went dark. Our busy intersectin became a sudden fur-way stp. It tested hw well drivers knew the rules. Dad wuld have lved it. He never gave up his driver’s license; he let it run ut.
I wish he were here beside me, reminding me nt t wrry abut the drivers behind, t yield when I shuld, and t g when it’s my turn. Hw I miss him.
1．What did the authr’s father see fur-way stps as?
A．A mdel f ratinal cperatin.B．A sign f plite scial behavir.
C．A tl fr managing heavy traffic.D．A test f human patience.
2．Why des the authr mentin stalling at a busy rundabut?
A．T describe the traffic situatin.B．T imply his fear f rundabuts.
C．T shw his father’s driving skills.D．T stress the change in peple’s behavir.
3．What des the authr suggest abut civil sciety?
A．It fades in busy cities.B．It depends n individual actins.
C．It is weak and rarely needed.D．It grws thrugh urban planning.
4．What lessn did the father try t teach thrugh driving?
A．Fllwing rules is extremely imprtant.B．Driving skills reflect true character.
C．Helping thers benefits everyne.D．True kindness requires strng cntrl.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者借父亲教开车的经历，以四路停车路口为切入点，阐释遵守规则、礼让他人的重要性，缅怀父亲并传递互助共赢的道理。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Dad lved fur-way stps. He saw them as prf that humans culd behave ratinally (理性地) fr everyne’s benefit. (父亲很喜欢四路停车路口。他认为这是人类能够为了所有人的利益而做出理性行为的证明。)”可知，作者的父亲将四路停车路口看作是人类理性合作的典范。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段“When Dad was teaching me, I remember stalling (熄火) in a busy rundabut, lking anxiusly in the rear-view mirrr. “Dn’t wrry abut them,” Dad said. N ne hnked. Tday, everyne’s in a hurry. (我记得父亲教我开车时，我在一个繁忙的环岛熄火了，焦急地看着后视镜。父亲说“别担心他们”。那时候没人按喇叭。而如今，每个人都很急躁。)”可知，作者提及环岛熄火的经历，是为了对比过去和现在人们的行为差异，强调人们的行车行为发生了改变。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第八段“I think civil sciety is mre like chemistry: everywhere, but als lcal. At any ne place, it’s weak. But behind the wheel, I’m nt pwerless. I can uphld the bnd here at the fur-way stp. (我认为文明社会更像化学反应：存在于各处，但也具有地域性。在任何一个地方，它都很脆弱。但在驾驶时，我并非无能为力。我可以在四路停车路口维系这种联结。)”可知，作者认为文明社会需要依靠每个个体的行动来维系。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第九段“Dad’s lessn was that everyne succeeds when we all mve frward, nt just a lucky few. (父亲教给我的道理是，当我们所有人都一同前行时，每个人才能成功，而不是只有少数幸运儿。)”以及前文“It’s the belief that helping thers desn’t cst us. (这种联结的核心是坚信帮助他人并不会让我们付出什么代价。)”可知，父亲通过驾驶想教给作者的道理是帮助他人对每个人都有益。故选C项。
7.（2026·江苏省泰州市兴化市六校联考）By the age f 5, children are much better than bth yung and adult mnkeys at shifting their attentin frm ne set f rules t anther. Their findings add t evidence that unique cgnitive changes ccur in humans befre they reach 5 years f age. Like memry and self-cntrl, switching between “mental sets”, such as rules r instructins, is a cre cgnitive ability develped at yung age. It lets us quickly adjust t changes in the envirnment, fr example, chsing a different way t get smewhere when ur fcus is blcked
Eva Reindl at the University f St Andrews in the UK and her clleagues designed a set f tasks t cmpare attentin-shifting abilities in humans and mnkeys f different ages.
Children and mnkeys, which ranged frm 5 t 36 years in age, were trained t determine which f fur cups n tw different sets f shelves cntained a reward—stickers fr children and bananas fr chimps. On the green shelves, a green cup held the treats, while n the blue shelves, it was a pink cup.
When they had t switch frm ne set f shelves t anther, the mnkeys successfully selected the right cup 52 per cent f the time. This is cmparable t 3-year-ld children, wh had a success rate f 50 per cent, and 4-year-lds, wh chse crrectly in 59 per cent f cases. Amng 5-year-lds, the success rate was far higher, at 80 per cent. “There’s definitely smething ging n frm 5 years f age,” says Reindl.
The imprvement n the task with age in children is prbably due t bilgical changes such as the develpment f the brain’s frntal lbes (额叶), says Reindl. But cultural develpment may play a mre imprtant rle. Just as adults vice phne numbers r directins alud t remember them, language may have helped the lder children t switch between the tw rules.
Althugh testing tendency makes it hard t cmpare humans with ther mnkeys, the general findings are straight-frward, says Frans at Emry University in Atlanta, Gergia. “It’s hard t argue with the cnclusin that 5-year-ld children d better than yunger nes and better than mnkeys f varius ages, including adults.”
1．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．Self-cntrl is a cgnitive ability unique t adult mnkeys.
B．Human cgnitive abilities dn’t start until 5 years ld.
C．Adult mnkeys are mre disciplined than 5-year-ld kids.
D．5-year-ld kids have better flexible thinking than mnkeys.
2．Hw did Eva Reindl make the findings?
A．By cnsulting ther researchers.
B．By bserving mnkeys’ rewarding system.
C．By cllecting data frm reference bks.
D．By cmparing behavirs f kids and mnkeys.
3．What des Reindl think leads t cgnitive changes in children besides age?
A．Their eating habits.B．Their family incme.
C．The culture they’ve lived in.D．The number f their tys.
4．What is Frans’s attitude twards the findings?
A．Oppsed.B．Supprtive.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现5岁儿童的注意力转换能力优于各年龄段猴子及低龄儿童的相关情况。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“By the age f 5, children are much better than bth yung and adult mnkeys at shifting their attentin frm ne set f rules t anther.(到 5 岁时，儿童在将注意力从一套规则转换到另一套规则方面，比幼年和成年猴子都要擅长得多)”可知，5 岁儿童的思维灵活性（注意力转换能力）优于猴子。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Eva Reindl at the University f St Andrews in the UK and her clleagues designed a set f tasks t cmpare attentin-shifting abilities in humans and mnkeys f different ages.(英国圣安德鲁斯大学的伊娃・莱因德尔和她的同事设计了一系列任务，比较不同年龄段人类和猴子的注意力转换能力)”可知，伊娃・莱因德尔是通过对比儿童和猴子的行为得出研究结果的。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The imprvement n the task with age in children is prbably due t bilgical changes such as the develpment f the brain’s frntal lbes (额叶), says Reindl. But cultural develpment may play a mre imprtant rle.(莱因德尔说，儿童在这项任务上的表现随年龄增长而提升，可能是由于大脑额叶发育等生理变化。但文化发展可能发挥着更重要的作用)”可知，莱因德尔认为除了年龄（生理变化）外，儿童所处的文化环境也是认知变化的原因。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Althugh testing tendency makes it hard t cmpare humans with ther mnkeys, the general findings are straight-frward, says Frans at Emry University in Atlanta, Gergia. “It’s hard t argue with the cnclusin that 5-year-ld children d better than yunger nes and better than mnkeys f varius ages, including adults.”(佐治亚州亚特兰大埃默里大学的弗兰斯说，尽管测试倾向使得比较人类和其他猴子变得困难，但总体研究结果是明确的。“5岁的孩子比年幼的孩子表现得更好，比包括成年人在内的不同年龄的猴子表现得更好，这一结论很难反驳。”)”可知，弗兰斯对该研究结果持支持态度。故选B项。
8.（2026·江苏百校联考高三联考）Erik Lindebjerg, Glbal Plastics Plicy Lead at the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature (WWF) , has made an urgent call fr mre actin t fight plastic pllutin. He warned that the t much prductin and use f plastic is filling rivers, ceans, and land envirnments, killing many kinds f wild animals and making the fd, air, and water dirty — with the crisis nly wrsening by the year.
His request cmes ahead f imprtant United Natins (UN) talks t finish a glbal plastic pllutin treaty (条约) , a prcess Lindebjerg thinks very imprtant fr slving ne f the fastest-accelerating envirnmental prblems f ur time. UN statistics shw a bad situatin: Over 400 millin tnnes f plastic are prduced annually, half f which is designed fr ne-time use. Surprisingly, less than 10% f this plastic is recycled, while abut 19 millin-23 millin tnnes end up in lakes, rivers, and seas.
The cming Paris meeting represents the last rund f talks befre writing the legal cntent f the internatinal treaty that all cuntries must fllw. “This is the time gvernments must bring ambitin, ready t make clear cncrete glbal rules,” Lindebjerg stressed. Key details — including ways t make sure the treaty is fllwed t help develping natins — must be finished t ensure the treaty is effective and fair.
The WWF is calling fr rules: stpping r rapidly reducing high-risk plastics, increasing reuse systems, and putting secure recycling first. A strng supprt system, with financial supprt and technical cperatin, is als necessary fr carrying ut the treaty, Lindebjerg added. He spke highly f China’s effrts, mentining the “Beautiful China Initiative” and strengthened effrts t prtect bidiversity as useful natinal steps. As the Paris talks near, the glbal cmmunity is waiting fr a strng agreement t change the situatin f plastic pllutin.
1．What is Erik Lindebjerg’s main cncern abut plastic pllutin?
A．It isn’t paid enugh attentin t.B．It is ut f cntrl t sme extent.
C．It is mre terrible than expected.D．It affects wild animals’ habitats.
2．Why des the authr mentin the UN statistics?
A．T stress plastic’s veruse.B．T praise plastic’s ecnmic value.
C．T blame pr recycling systems.D．T prve the prblem’s seriusness.
3．What can be cncluded abut the Paris meeting?
A．It sets cuntry targets.B．It has ended all discussins.
C．It mainly prvides mney.D．It is vital fr a glbal legal treaty.
4．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．China’s cmplete success.B．Slutins and supprt needed.
C．Types f dangerus plastic.D．Arguments ver mney assistance.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了世界自然基金会全球塑料政策负责人呼吁采取更多行动应对塑料污染问题，以及相关情况。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“He warned that the t much prductin and use f plastic is filling rivers, ceans, and land envirnments, killing many kinds f wild animals and making the fd, air, and water dirty — with the crisis nly wrsening by the year.(他警告说，塑料的过度生产和使用正在填满河流、海洋和陆地环境，杀死许多种野生动物，使食物、空气和水变脏——而且危机逐年加剧)”可知，Erik Lindebjerg主要担心塑料污染在一定程度上已经失控。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“UN statistics shw a bad situatin: Over 400 millin tnnes f plastic are prduced annually, half f which is designed fr ne-time use. Surprisingly, less than 10% f this plastic is recycled, while abut 19 millin-23 millin tnnes end up in lakes, rivers, and seas.(联合国统计数据显示情况糟糕：每年生产超过4亿吨塑料，其中一半是一次性使用的。令人惊讶的是，这种塑料的回收率不到10%，而约1900万至2300万吨塑料最终进入了湖泊、河流和海洋)”可知，作者提到联合国统计数据是为了证明问题的严重性。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The cming Paris meeting represents the last rund f talks befre writing the legal cntent f the internatinal treaty that all cuntries must fllw.(即将举行的巴黎会议是在撰写所有国家都必须遵守的国际条约的法律内容之前的最后一轮谈判)”可知，巴黎会议对于全球法律条约至关重要。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The WWF is calling fr rules: stpping r rapidly reducing high-risk plastics, increasing reuse systems, and putting secure recycling first. A strng supprt system, with financial supprt and technical cperatin, is als necessary fr carrying ut the treaty, Lindebjerg added.(世界自然基金会呼吁制定规则：停止或迅速减少高风险塑料，增加再利用系统，并将安全回收放在首位。林德伯格补充说，执行该条约还需要一个强有力的支持系统，包括资金支持和技术合作)”并结合整段内容可知，最后一段逻辑清晰：①WWF 呼吁制定规则（停止高危塑料、增加重复使用、优先无毒回收）；②实施条约需要支持系统（资金+技术）；③赞扬中国的相关努力。核心围绕“解决塑料污染的具体方案和所需支持”展开。故选B。
9.（2026·宁夏育才中学高三月考）Adding salt t already prepared meals is linked t dying prematurely, accrding t a new study. Researchers fund always adding salt t fd kncks 2.3 years ff life expectancy fr men and 1.5 years fr wmen.
The study was nt sure abut ther factrs, but researchers said the evidence was cmpelling enugh that peple shuld cnsider aviding seasning their meals. The findings were based n research invlving ver 500,000 participants, wh were fllwed fr an average f 9 years. Cmpared with thse wh never added salt, thse wh always seasned their fd had a 28% increased risk f dying earlier. “T my knwledge, ur study is the first t assess the relatin between adding salt t fds and earlier death,” said Prf Lu Qi, wh led the wrk. “Even a mdest reductin in sdium (钠) intake can result in remarkable health benefits.”
Salt intake is difficult t accurately track because many prcessed fds cntain high levels f salt. Rughly 70% f sdium intake in western ppulatins cmes frm prcessed fds, with 8-20% frm salt added at the table. Hwever, adding salt is a very gd indicatr (标志) f a persn’s preference fr salty tasting fds, s the team fcused their analysis n this measurement.
Prf Annika Rsengren, a researcher wh was nt invlved with the research, said that there is an ideal level fr salt t different peple. It’s hard t figure ut the best level in terms f health fr any given individual. “S far, what the evidence seems t indicate is that healthy peple cnsuming nrmal levels f salt need nt wrry t much abut their salt intake,” she said. Hwever, thse at high risk f heart disease shuld prbably cut dwn. “Nt adding extra salt t already prepared fds is ne way f achieving this.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “cmpelling” prbably mean?
A．interesting.B．cnvincing.C．fascinating.D．exciting.
2．What des paragraph 3 imply?
A．Adding salt can suggest a persn’s favr.
B．Western ppulatins prefer salty fds relatively.
C．The study centered n tracking salt intake accurately.
D．Mre than 70% f sdium intake cmes frm prcessed fds.
3．What des Prf Rsengren prbably agree with?
A．There is an ideal level fr salt t all peple.
B．It’s apprpriate t add mre salt while cking.
C．Occasinal additin f salt has n effect n health.
D．Patients with heart disease shuld cntrl their salt intake.
4．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A bilgy textbkB．An fficial reprt.
C．A health magazine.D．A science fictin.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍根据一项新的研究，在已经做好的饭菜中再加盐会导致过早死亡。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The findings were based n research invlving ver 500,000 participants, wh were fllwed fr an average f 9 years.(这些发现是基于一项涉及50多万参与者的研究，这些参与者平均被跟踪了9年。)”可知，这项发现有数据支持，令人信服。故划线词意思是“令人信服的”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hwever, adding salt is a very gd indicatr (标志) f a persn’s preference fr salty tasting fds, s the team fcused their analysis n this measurement.(然而，加盐是一个很好的指标，通过品尝食物可以看出一个人对盐的偏好，所以研究小组把分析重点放在了这一指标上。)”可知，第3段暗示了加盐可以暗示某人的喜好。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, thse at high risk f heart disease shuld prbably cut dwn.(然而，那些心脏病高危人群应该少吃。)”可知，罗森格伦教授可能会同意心脏病患者应控制盐的摄入量。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Adding salt t already prepared meals is linked t dying prematurely, accrding t a new study. Researchers fund always adding salt t fd kncks 2.3 years ff life expectancy fr men and 1.5 years fr wmen.(根据一项新的研究，在已经准备好的食物中添加盐与过早死亡有关。研究人员发现，总是在食物中添加盐会使男性的预期寿命减少2.3年，女性的预期寿命减少1.5年。)”结合文章主要介绍了根据一项新的研究，在已经做好的饭菜中再加盐会导致过早死亡。可知，文章选自健康杂志。故选C。
10.（2026·河北省邢台市NT20名校联合体高三月考）Say yu win a cntest giving yu tw tickets t a sld-ut cncert the upcming weekend. Yu eagerly text yur friend and ask if they’d like t jin. Their respnse? “Maybe.” Yur md immediately changes. Yu feel slighted rather than jyful as yu’re left waiting: Nw yu need t wait fr yur friend t make a decisin befre yu can figure ut yur plans fr the cncert.
If yu’ve experienced anything like the abve, yu’re nt alne. Peple respnding “maybe” t invitatins is a cmmn yet annying aspect f scial life. My c-authrs and I recently published several studies examining what ges n in peple’s heads when they aren’t sure whether t accept an invitatin.
Scial invitatins can be a delicate dance, and peple ften misread what smene extending an invitatin wants t hear. We cnsistently fund that peple verestimate an inviter’s likelihd f preferring a “maybe” ver a “n.” Mrever, they fail t realize hw much mre disrespected peple feel when they receive a “maybe” in respnse t their invitatin. Anther pattern emerged: The mre smene incrrectly assumed that a hst preferred a tentative respnse, the mre likely they were t respnd with a “maybe” themselves.
Naturally, we wanted t figure ut why this awkward dynamic plays ut. We fund that it’s largely due t smething called “mtivated reasning.” Mtivated reasning ccurs when a persn interprets infrmatin in a way t arrive at a cnclusin that fits what they want. In ther wrds, invitees cnvince themselves that inviters want t hear “maybe” instead f “n,” because a “maybe” is better fr the invitee, allwing them t leave their ptins pen. Saying “n” remves this freedm and pens the dr fr FOMO, r fear f missing ut, t emerge.
There are als situatins that make peple mre cmfrtable saying “n” t an invitatin. In ne study, we had recipients f an invitatin put themselves in the shes f the persn extending it. This made them mre likely t realize that a clear answer wuld be preferred and helped stp mtivated thinking. Being clear may reduce yur chices, but it saves thers frm waiting. And they may still think f yu next time.
1．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By describing a persnal success stry.
B．By sharing a cmmn scial experience.
C．By explaining rules fr respnding t invitatins.
D．By describing hw t win a cncert ticket cntest.
2．What des the underlined wrd “tentative” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Casual.B．Annying.
C．Hesitant.D．Straightfrward.
3．Why d sme peple tend t reply “maybe” rather than “n” when invited?
A．They wish t keep all pssibilities pen.
B．They fail t fully understand the invitatin.
C．They regard “maybe” as the mst plite reply.
D．They fear upsetting the peple wh invite them.
4．What is the main purpse f writing the text?
A．T cmplain abut peple wh say “maybe” t invitatins.
B．T explain why peple ften respnd “maybe” t invitatins.
C．T teach readers hw t respnd prperly t scial invitatins.
D．T describe hw the authr felt after receiving a “maybe” respnse.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们在收到社交邀请时常用“maybe”回应的现象并分析了背后的原因。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Say yu win a cntest giving yu tw tickets t a sld-ut cncert the upcming weekend. Yu eagerly text yur friend and ask if they’d like t jin. Their respnse? “Maybe.” Yur md immediately changes. Yu feel slighted rather than jyful as yu’re left waiting: Nw yu need t wait fr yur friend t make a decisin befre yu can figure ut yur plans fr the cncert.(假设你赢得了一场比赛，获得了即将到来的周末一场售罄音乐会的两张门票。你急切地给朋友发短信，问他们是否愿意一起去。他们的回复是什么？“也许吧。”你的心情立刻变了。你感到的不是开心，而是被轻视，因为你只能等待：在你确定自己的音乐会计划之前，你需要等朋友做出决定。)”可知，作者通过分享一个人们收到“maybe”回复的常见社交经历来引入主题。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“We cnsistently fund that peple verestimate an inviter’s likelihd f preferring a “maybe” ver a “n.” Mrever, they fail t realize hw much mre disrespected peple feel when they receive a “maybe” in respnse t their invitatin. Anther pattern emerged: The mre smene incrrectly assumed that a hst preferred a tentative respnse, the mre likely they were t respnd with a “maybe” themselves.(我们一致发现，人们高估了邀请者更倾向于“也许”而非“不”的可能性。此外，他们没有意识到，当人们收到“也许”的邀请回复时，会感到更加不被尊重。另一种模式出现了：一个人越错误地认为主人更喜欢一种tentative回应，他自己就越有可能用“也许”来回应。)”可知，前文多次提及“maybe”这一回复方式，后文“tentative respnse”与“maybe”形成呼应,“maybe”体现出“犹豫、不确定”的态度，因此结合语境可推测“tentative”意为“犹豫的”。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In ther wrds, invitees cnvince themselves that inviters want t hear “maybe” instead f “n,” because a “maybe” is better fr the invitee, allwing them t leave their ptins pen.(换句话说，被邀请者说服自己，邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”，因为“也许”对被邀请者更有利，能让他们保留选择的余地。)”可知，人们收到邀请时倾向于回复“maybe”而非“n”，是因为他们希望保留所有可能性。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Peple respnding “maybe” t invitatins is a cmmn yet annying aspect f scial life. My c-authrs and I recently published several studies examining what ges n in peple’s heads when they aren’t sure whether t accept an invitatin.(人们在收到邀请时回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人讨厌的一面。我和我的合著者最近发表了几项研究，探究当人们不确定是否接受邀请时，他们的脑子里在想些什么。)”以及第四段中的“Naturally, we wanted t figure ut why this awkward dynamic plays ut. We fund that it’s largely due t smething called “mtivated reasning.”(自然，我们想弄清楚为什么会出现这种尴尬的局面。我们发现，这在很大程度上是由一种叫做“动机性推理”的东西导致的。)”可知，文章主要目的是解释人们收到邀请时经常回复“maybe”的原因。故选B项。
Passage 1（推理判断考点语篇练）
（2026·河北省唐山市十校高三期中）It may seem strange nw, but there was a time when classical music was ppular. In 1980, Simn Rattle, a yung cnductr frm Liverpl, became the main cnductr f the City f Birmingham Symphny Orchestra. He was just 25, full f energy, and very talented. He was als great at cnnecting with peple.
I first went t classical cncerts as a teenager. Rattle made the cncerts exciting, and tickets were cheap. Even withut any music training. One piece I heard was Vaughan Williams’s Fantasia n a Theme cmpsed by Thmas Tallis. I learned frm the cncert ntes that it was based n music by an ld English cmpser and this helped my appreciatin f the piece.
Later, when I mved t Lndn, I fund mre exciting perfrmances. Classical music was everywhere — even n TV and in pera shws. Mahler’s music, full f strng feelings and big ideas, was very ppular. Sme perfrmances were bld (大胆的), mixing classical music with ther music styles and even including shcking scenes.
This was als the time when CDs became ppular. Many yung artists gt the chance t recrd music. Sme unexpected wrks became hits, like music by Hildegard f Bingen r Arv Pärt.
I started t listen mre seriusly. A radi shw called Building a Library (als called Radi 3) helped me understand what I was hearing. It cmpared different recrdings and explained the meaning behind the music. I began buying CDs and reading mre.
Nw, hwever, things have changed. Radi 3, nce a great surce f music knwledge, nw fcuses n light entertainment. Shws that used t teach nw try t relax listeners. The music is ften repeated, and deep discussin is missing. It’s sad t see this change. I’m lucky t have learned s much frm Radi 3 in the past. But nw, it seems classical music is n lnger treated with the respect it deserves.
1．Why des the authr mentin Vaughan William’s Fantasia n a Theme in paragraph 2?
A．T pint ut the piece’s cmplexity.B．T reveal the authr’s music preference.
C．T praise Thmas Tallis’ artistic innvatin.D．T shw the authr’s path t music appreciatin.
2．What des the authr imply abut classical music in Lndn during his time there?
A．Its ppularity was n sharp decline then.B．New elements cntributed t its lively presence.
C．Televisin was the perfect platfrm fr prmtin.D．It was characterised by cnservative perfrmances.
3．Hw did the radi shw Building a Library influence the authr?
A．It reduced his purchasing CD．B．It deepened his musical insight.
C．It entertained him with light music.D．It inspired him t seek frmal training.
4．Hw des the authr feel abut Radi 3 nw?
A．Cnfused.B．Attracted.C．Grateful.D．Regretful.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对古典音乐的欣赏历程，回忆了过去古典音乐的流行景象及相关媒介的助力，同时表达了对如今古典音乐地位下降的惋惜。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I learned frm the cncert ntes that it was based n music by an ld English cmpser and this helped my appreciatin f the piece.(我从音乐会节目单上了解到，这首曲子是以一位英国老作曲家的音乐为基础的，这帮助我更好地欣赏了这首作品。)”可知，作者提及 Vaughan Williams 的《托马斯·塔利斯主题幻想曲》，是为了展示自己通过了解作品背景逐步学会欣赏古典音乐的过程。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Classical music was everywhere — even n TV and in pera shws. Mahler’s music, full f strng feelings and big ideas, was very ppular. Sme perfrmances were bld (大胆的), mixing classical music with ther music styles and even including shcking scenes.(古典音乐无处不在——甚至在电视和歌剧表演中。马勒的音乐充满了强烈的情感和宏大的思想，非常受欢迎。一些表演很大胆，将古典音乐与其他音乐风格融合，甚至包含令人震撼的场景。)”可知，作者在伦敦期间，古典音乐的传播渠道广泛（电视、歌剧），热门作品兼具情感与思想深度，且表演形式大胆创新（融合其他音乐风格、包含震撼场景），这些新元素共同促成了它活跃的存在状态。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A radi shw called Building a Library (als called Radi 3) helped me understand what I was hearing. It cmpared different recrdings and explained the meaning behind the music. I began buying CDs and reading mre.(一个名为《构建图书馆》（也叫第三电台）的广播节目帮助我理解了我所听到的音乐。它比较了不同的录音版本，并解释了音乐背后的含义。我开始购买唱片并阅读更多相关书籍。)”可知，该广播节目通过解析音乐内涵、对比录音版本，加深了作者对古典音乐的理解和洞察力。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Radi 3, nce a great surce f music knwledge, nw fcuses n light entertainment. Shws that used t teach nw try t relax listeners. The music is ften repeated, and deep discussin is missing. It’s sad t see this change.(曾经是音乐知识重要来源的第三电台，现在专注于轻松娱乐。过去用于教学的节目现在试图让听众放松。音乐经常重复播放，缺乏深入的讨论。看到这种变化真让人难过。)”可知，作者对第三电台如今的转变感到遗憾。故选D项。

Passage 2（推理判断考点语篇练）
（2026·河北省邯郸市部分学校联考）I was seven years ld and lived with my grandparents in Califrnia. I sat n the dctr’s exam table ne week befre schl was t start. I feared the mment t get updated vaccinatins (接种疫苗) s much that my mind went blank. The nly thing I knew that wuld make the pain f a sht wrthwhile was the balln I had been prmised.
I tk that sht like a champin, withut s much as a quiet “Ouch”. While I waited fr the dctr t cme back with my balln, I thught abut all the cl things I was ging t d with that balln. The dctr returned with a cncerned lk n his face and delivered the unfrtunate news. “I’m srry, Andrew, but we’re ut f ballns.”
All my big plans fr that balln ppped faster than that balln ever wuld have. I was devastated. The entire way hme, my grandma kept telling me that I shuld think psitively, and everything wuld be kay.
Arriving at hme, I was straight ging thrugh the huse t the backyard dr, ready t g utside and tell my dg all my trubles, when I lked ut and saw the mst amazing thing my seven-year-ld eyes had ever seen. Our entire backyard was filled with flaty ballns!
We lived less than a mile frm an amusement park. As it turned ut, when the wind was just right, the ballns released frm the daily parades wuld land neatly in ur backyard.
I will never frget that day f whirling thrugh thse ballns and thinking they were all fr me because I had t get my shts. And I will never frget my grandmther telling me thrughut my life that if yu just think psitive thughts, everything has a way f wrking ut in the end.
1．Hw did Andrew feel after vaccinatin?
A．Prud.B．Fearful.C．Surprised.D．Curius.
2．What des the underlined wrd “devastated” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cheated and angry.B．Frgiven and relieved.
C．Shcked and upset.D．Satisfied and jyful.
3．What can be inferred abut Andrew’s grandmther frm the text?
A．She was strict and demanding.B．She was ptimistic and supprtive.
C．She was disappinted with the dctr.D．She was indifferent t Andrew’s feelings.
4．What des Andrew learn frm the whle experience?
A．Grandmthers always knw best.B．Vaccinatins are necessary but painful.
C．Parades f amusement parks are magical.D．Psitive thinking can lead t unexpected jys.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了七岁的安德鲁接种疫苗后没拿到承诺的气球，满心失落，回家却发现后院飘满游乐园吹来的气球，他也因此懂得了积极心态会带来意外惊喜的道理。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“I tk that sht like a champin, withut s much as a quiet “Ouch”.(我打针时表现得像个勇士，连一声轻轻的“哎哟”都没喊)”可知，安德鲁接种疫苗后感觉自豪。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“I tk that sht like a champin, withut s much as a quiet “Ouch”. While I waited fr the dctr t cme back with my balln, I thught abut all the cl things I was ging t d with that balln. The dctr returned with a cncerned lk n his face and delivered the unfrtunate news. “I’m srry, Andrew, but we’re ut f ballns.”(我打针时表现得像个勇士，连一声轻轻的“哎哟”都没喊。我等着医生拿气球过来，心里美滋滋地盘算着要用这个气球玩些什么好玩的花样。可医生回来时，脸上却带着一丝歉意，带来了一个坏消息：“抱歉呀安德鲁，我们的气球已经发完了。”)”以及划线词上文“All my big plans fr that balln ppped faster than that balln ever wuld have.(我对于那个气球的所有宏伟计划破灭得比那气球本身可能爆掉的速度还要快)”可知，前文提到安德鲁忍着疼痛接种，就是为了得到承诺的气球，结果医生说没气球了，他所有的期待都落空了。故划线词“devastated”应表示震惊又沮丧。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The entire way hme, my grandma kept telling me that I shuld think psitively, and everything wuld be kay.(在回家的路上，我的奶奶一直跟我说要保持积极的心态，一切都会好起来的)”以及最后一段“And I will never frget my grandmther telling me thrughut my life that if yu just think psitive thughts, everything has a way f wrking ut in the end.(我永远不会忘记祖母在我一生中一直对我说的话：只要你保持积极的心态，最终一切都会得到解决的)”可知，安德鲁的祖母乐观且给予支持。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And I will never frget my grandmther telling me thrughut my life that if yu just think psitive thughts, everything has a way f wrking ut in the end.(我永远不会忘记祖母在我一生中一直对我说的话：只要你保持积极的心态，最终一切都会得到解决的)”可知，安德鲁明白了积极的心态能够带来意想不到的快乐。故选D。
Passage 3（推理判断考点语篇练）
（2026·安徽省皖江名校联考高三月考）“Men are frm Mars, wmen frm Venus” has becme a cnvenient shrthand fr every husehld debate, frm map-reading t lading the dishwasher. Yet beneath the jkes lies a serius questin: are the tw sexes brn with fundamentally different wiring, r have we simply repeated the stry until it feels true?
Tw high-prfile sets f scans appear t ffer hard prf f a difference. British psychlgist Stuart Ritchie reprted in 2012 that male brains are, n average, rughly ne-tenth heavier than female brains and cntain mre white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neurscientist (神经学家) Daphna Jel added that typical “his” r “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced sftware, even thugh every head ultimately cntains a mix f bth — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passprt sex.
Lise Elit, a neurscientist at Chicag Medical Schl, believes such headlines are t dramatic. After re-analyzing thusands f images cllected acrss six cuntries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) rgan”. The numeric gap between grup averages, she insists, is n wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail t predict hw the rgan actually prcesses algebra, empathy (同理心) r parking instructins. Put simply, size decides nthing.
If bdy structure is nt the real bss, what is? Scial experience, argues The Atlantic Classic papers lved eye-catching numbers: a 1970 survey’ shwed bys beating girls thirteen-t-ne n the mathematics SAT, a figure nce highlighted by frmer Harvard president Lawrence Summers as prf f natural male scientific talent. When later student grups ffered girls equal labratry hurs, encuraged female teachers and rewrte textbks t include mre real-wrld prblems, the rati fell t three-t-ne, suggesting that pprtunity, nt bdy part, writes mst f the screbard.
Margaret McCarthy, a neurpharmaclgist at the University f Maryland, applauds Elit fr “frcing the debate frward”. She als ntes that wiping ut every sex difference wuld sund an extreme nte. Equal, she reminds us, is nt identical; bilgy may still whisper where sciety shuts.
1．Why des the authr present the findings f Ritchie and Jel?
A．T crrect statistical errrs in psychlgy.
B．T stress the risk f single-cuntry data sets.
C．T explain bys’ bad habits in reading maps.
D．T prvide scan evidence f sex differences.
2．What is implied by Elit’s re-analysis f brain vlume?
A．Brain size can smehw decide sex rules.B．Males d well in tackling cmplex tasks.
C．Generatin gaps utrun between-sex gaps.D．It cannt tell hw a persn will think r act.
3．What can we infer frm the falling math scre gap after 1970?
A．Equal chances narrw the scre gap.B．Bys are nw lsing interest in STEM.
C．Standardized tests are n lnger trusted.D．Bilgy still limits girls’ physics scres.
4．What might be McCarthy’s attitude t erasing sex differences?
A．Favrable.B．Disapprving.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讨论男女差异的生理与社交成因，指出大脑结构差异不足以证明天生不同，机会平等更重要，但生物学因素仍不可忽视。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tw high-prfile sets f scans appear t ffer hard prf f a difference. British psychlgist Stuart Ritchie reprted in 2012 that male brains are, n average, rughly ne-tenth heavier than female brains and cntain mre white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neurscientist (神经学家) Daphna Jel added that typical “his” r “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced sftware, even thugh every head ultimately cntains a mix f bth — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passprt sex.(两组备受瞩目的扫描结果似乎提供了差异的确凿证据。英国心理学家斯图尔特·里奇在2012年报告称，男性的大脑平均比女性大脑重约十分之一，且含有更多的白质。三年后，以色列神经科学家达夫纳·乔尔补充说，即使使用先进的软件，也无法检测到典型的“他的”或“她的”神经回路，尽管每个人的大脑最终都包含两者的混合——就像色调各异但永远不会与护照上的性别完全匹配)”可推知，作者展示里奇和乔尔的发现是为了提供性别差异的扫描证据。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Lise Elit, a neurscientist at Chicag Medical Schl, believes such headlines are t dramatic. After re-analyzing thusands f images cllected acrss six cuntries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) rgan”. The numeric gap between grup averages, she insists, is n wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail t predict hw the rgan actually prcesses algebra, empathy r parking instructins. Put simply, size decides nthing.(芝加哥医学院的神经科学家莉丝·艾略特认为这样的标题过于夸张。在重新分析了来自六个国家的数千张图像后，她称大脑为“一个不分性别的器官”。她坚持认为，群体平均值之间的数字差距并不比男性和女性肾脏之间的差异更大，而且这些数字无法预测该器官实际上如何处理代数、同理心或停车指令。简而言之，大小决定不了什么)”可推知，艾略特重新分析大脑体积后，认为大脑体积不能预测一个人将如何思考或行动。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When later student grups ffered girls equal labratry hurs, encuraged female teachers and rewrte textbks t include mre real-wrld prblems, the rati fell t three-t-ne, suggesting that pprtunity, nt bdy part, writes mst f the screbard.(后来，学生团体为女孩提供平等的实验室时间，鼓励女教师，并重写教科书以纳入更多现实问题，这一比例降至三比一，这表明是机会，而不是身体部位，在分数板上占据了主导地位)”可知，从1970年后数学成绩差距的缩小可以推断出，平等的机会缩小了分数差距。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Margaret McCarthy, a neurpharmaclgist at the University f Maryland, applauds Elit fr “frcing the debate frward”. She als ntes that wiping ut every sex difference wuld sund an extreme nte. Equal, she reminds us, is nt identical; bilgy may still whisper where sciety shuts.(马里兰大学的神经药理学家玛格丽特·麦卡锡称赞艾略特“推动了辩论的进展”。她还指出，消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。她提醒我们，平等并不意味着相同；在社会大声疾呼的地方，生物学可能仍在低语)”可知，麦卡锡认为消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。由此推知，麦卡锡对消除性别差异的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。
Passage 4
（2026·河北省高三期中）Nt successful enugh fr senir leadership rles but t experienced (and expensive) fr the frnt-line psitins artificial intelligence (AI) hasn’t replaced, many mid-career prfessinals f America’s wrkfrce suddenly find themselves in n-man’s-land.
Many majr cmpanies like Amazn and Target have annunced white-cllar staff reductins recently. Gne are the days when emplyers wuld reserve talented emplyees r wrry abut being understaffed fr the gd times. When a jb descriptin calls fr 10 t 15 years f experience, 25-year seasned prfessinals aren’t necessarily seen as better-than-expected prspects. They’re ften viewed as applicants wh will ask fr t much mney and leave as sn as they find better pprtunities.
Hwever, we ught t be aware f the real circumstances f verqualified jb applicants in daily life. Sme peple want less respnsibility than in previus rles and are willing t take pay cuts accrdingly. Others have been ut f wrk fr mnths and have n desire t jb hp nce they finally get hired.
Anthny Nigbur, 41, was a tp healthcare prgram manager. He’s been jb hunting since May, with a recruiter (招聘专员) submitting him fr rles. “He’s tld me the feedback abut his experience: ‘This guy has all this experience, but we dn’t need it r knw hw t use him,’ ” says Nigbur. He wishes t explain t prspective emplyers why he’d take a jb that seems beneath him n paper. That’s because he’s willing t take the lead parenting rle as his wife, a nurse, has upped her hurs and travel.
The way cmpanies have cut middle management is s striking that a new study prjects a shrtage f 2. 9 millin managers in 2032. By then, middle management will be a ht jb again, the study predicts. That desn’t d peple like Nigbur much gd tday. Experienced sales manager Anne Marie Sterling fund that playing dwn her experience was a key t landing her current jb at a slar energy cmpany. The 55-year-ld Flrida resident tells me she had t “play dumb”. “That happens a lt in jb interviews. There’s n dubt abut it,” she says.
1．What d we knw abut verqualified candidates in the US jb market?
A．They’ll be easily replaced by AI.B．They’ve held senir leadership rles.
C．They’re struggling t get hired nw.D．They’re highly valued by cmpanies.
2．What’s the authr’s attitude t emplyers’ views n verqualified jb seekers?
A．Unclear.B．Dubtful.C．Tlerant.D．Disapprving.
3．What can be inferred abut Nigbur?
A．He hasn’t landed an interview.B．He needs the prfessinal experience.
C．He’s already had a well-paid jb.D．He desn’t want t be a husband.
4．What d the underlined wrds “play dumb” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Keep the peace.B．Tell the truth.
C．Act less capable.D．Stay mre independent.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了美国职场中资历过高 (verqualified) 的中年求职者面临的困境。他们因经验多、薪资要求高而被企业拒之门外，既不适合高层职位，又“超配”于基层岗位，成了尴尬的一个群体。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nt successful enugh fr senir leadership rles but t experienced (and expensive) fr the frnt-line psitins artificial intelligence (AI) hasn’t replaced, many mid-career prfessinals f America’s wrkfrce suddenly find themselves in n-man’s-land.(由于在高层管理职位方面表现不够出色，又因为经验过于丰富（且成本高昂）而无法胜任那些尚未被人工智能取代的基层工作，许多处于职业生涯中期的美国员工突然发现自己陷入了无人问津的尴尬境地)”可知，可知，这些资历过高的候选人目前在就业市场上面临困难。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, we ught t be aware f the real circumstances f verqualified jb applicants in daily life. Sme peple want less respnsibility than in previus rles and are willing t take pay cuts accrdingly. Others have been ut f wrk fr mnths and have n desire t jb hp nce they finally get hired.(然而，在日常生活中，我们应当了解那些资历过高的求职者的真实情况。有些人希望承担的工作责任比之前的工作要少，并且愿意相应地接受减薪。还有一些人已经失业数月，一旦最终被录用，他们就完全没有跳槽的意愿了)”可推知，作者认为雇主的观点是片面且错误的，因此持不赞成的态度。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“He’s been jb hunting since May, with a recruiter (招聘专员) submitting him fr rles.(从五月起他就一直在找工作，有招聘人员为他推荐职位)”可知，他一直在通过招聘专员申请职位，接着引用招聘专员转述的有关他经历的反馈，说明这种反馈应该来自简历筛选阶段；再结合“He wishes t explain t prspective emplyers why he’d take a jb that seems beneath him n paper.(他希望向潜在雇主解释，为何他会接受一份在表面上看起来低于自己能力水平的工作)”可推知，他尚未有机会直接向雇主解释，进一步暗示他连面试都很难进入。由此可推知，他还没有获得面试机会。故选A。
4．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“playing dwn her experience was a key t landing her current jb” 可知，Anne Marie发现淡化自己的经验是找到工作的关键。紧接着她说自己不得不“play dumb”，因此，这里的 “play dumb”与前文的“playing dwn her experience”意思相近，指在求职时表现得没有实际那么有能力，即“装傻”或“表现得更差”。故选C。
Passage 5
（2026·云南省曲靖市教学质量检测四）
After Taylr Swift, the “Mna Lisa” is prbably the mst recgnizable female face in the wrld. Every day arund 20,000 peple stare at the Lenard da Vinci’s painting in the Luvre. Yet it became famus nt due t an inviting semi-smile. Until a wrker stle the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mstly unknwn; viewers flded in t see what a French newspaper called “an enrmus, shcking, gaping blank”.
Classics f art, literature and music are suppsed t carry sme mysterius appeal that endures (持续存在) acrss the ages. But as Rchelle Gurstein, a histrian, writes in a new bk, the “timeless classic” is anything but. “What I believed was written in stne was actually written in water”, she argues. Classics cme and g.
Take ther distinguished wrks f art. Until the end f the 19th century Michelangel’s “David” had nly his fig leaf t prtect him frm the weather in Piazza della Signria in Flrence. He attracted mre pigens than visitrs; visitrs preferred the artists’ sculpture f Mses in Rme. Befre the famus “Venus de Mil” was discvered in 1820, viewers were crazy abut “Venus de Medici”, a delicate sculpture mst peple alive tday have never heard f.
Much as in art, the classics f music and literature have nt always been set in stne either. Tday, Jhann Sebastian Bach is ften regarded as the master f classical music. But after his death in 1750, Bach’s cmpsitins fell ut f fashin until Felix Mendelsshn, a German cmpser, rediscvered them in the 1820s. Herman Melville’s masterpiece “Mby Dick” was largely frgtten until critics such as Raymnd Weaver, a prfessr at Clumbia University rescued him frm the depth f a nbdy arund the centenary f his birth in 1919.
“The status f classics” depends n criticism and shws the pwer f critics t change the way peple lk at art. Tastes evlve (进化), and they shuld. But culture lives n nly as lng as peple cntinue t argue ver what cunts as a classic tday. The true enemy f the classic is silence.
1．What made the painting “Mna Lisa” well-knwn?
A．Its innvative artistic techniques.B．The incident f it being stlen.
C．The public’s curisity cncerning its creatr.D．The lng-term research n it by schlars.
2．What des Rchelle think f classics?
A．Changeable.B．Fading.C．Enduring.D．Admirable.
3．Hw des the authr develp paragraph 4?
A．By presenting a reasn.B．By giving definitins.
C．By citing examples.D．By making cmparisn.
4．What might ultimately discurage the develpment f classics?
A．The ignrance f culture.B．The curse f time.
C．The lack f criticism.D．The evlutin f tastes.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文为一篇议论文。通过《蒙娜丽莎》的成名案例、艺术史上其他经典作品的沉浮，以及音乐文学领域经典地位的变迁，论证了经典的地位并非永恒，而是依赖于评论家与公众的持续关注与探讨，并指出“沉默”才是经典发展的真正威胁。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Until a wrker stle the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mstly unknwn; viewers flded in t see what a French newspaper called “an enrmus, shcking, gaping blank”.( 直到1911年一名工人偷走了这幅杰作，它基本上仍然不为人知；观众蜂拥而至，看到一家法国报纸所说的“巨大的、令人震惊的、令人瞠目的空白”。)”可知，它被偷的事件使《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画闻名遐迩。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But as Rchelle Gurstein, a histrian, writes in a new bk, the “timeless classic” is anything but. “What I believed was written in stne was actually written in water”, she argues. Classics cme and g.( 但正如历史学家罗谢尔·格斯坦（Rchelle Gurstein）在一本新书中所写的那样，“永恒的经典”绝非如此。“我相信写在石头上的东西实际上是写在水里的，”她说。经典作品来来去去。)”可推知，罗谢尔认为经典作品是变化的。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But after his death in 1750, Bach’s cmpsitins fell ut f fashin until Felix Mendelsshn, a German cmpser, rediscvered them in the 1820s. Herman Melville’s masterpiece “Mby Dick” was largely frgtten until critics such as Raymnd Weaver, a prfessr at Clumbia University rescued him frm the depth f a nbdy arund the centenary f his birth in 1919.( 但在他1750年去世后，巴赫的作品就不再流行了，直到德国作曲家菲利克斯·门德尔松（Felix Mendelsshn）在19世纪20年代重新发现了它们。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（Herman Melville）的代表作《白鲸记》（Mby Dick）几乎被人遗忘，直到哥伦比亚大学教授雷蒙德·韦弗（Raymnd Weaver）等评论家在他1919年诞辰100周年前后将他从无名小卒的困境中拯救出来。)”可推知，作者通过巴赫和《白鲸记》两个具体案例论证观点。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The status f classics” depends n criticism and shws the pwer f critics t change the way peple lk at art. Tastes evlve (进化), and they shuld. But culture lives n nly as lng as peple cntinue t argue ver what cunts as a classic tday. The true enemy f the classic is silence.( “经典的地位”依赖于批评，显示了批评家改变人们看待艺术方式的力量。品味在进化，也应该如此。但是，只要人们继续争论什么是今天的经典，文化就会继续存在。经典的真正敌人是沉默。)”可推知，缺乏批评探讨最终会阻碍经典发展。故选C项。
阅读理解之推理判断
1.（2025北京卷·阅读理解B篇）
Thrughut ur Junir year, my classmates and I have been wrried abut what clleges will see when they lk at ur whle life stry reduced t a single 200-wrd essay. Will the glden wrd “success” frm in their minds when they review ur achievements? Or will they see the big wrd “fail” in red? The shadw f this mysterius (神秘的) institutin steals away what success means t us.
My first step f redefining success began with curse registratins. It is a well-knwn fact, especially in my schl, that Junir year is the time f packing many AP classes int the schedule. When asked why they chse s many AP classes, my friends respnded: “I dn’t knw.” They themselves dn’t knw why they are fllwing the crwd and lnging fr the pressures f academic difficulty. Therefre, they d nt feel the satisfactin f being academically challenged.
Cmpleting many curses n lnger brings ut the feeling f success because mre than fur AP classes per year is a nrm set by tp universities. Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. The feeling f success was n lnger attached t what grade I received but t the pure jy f learning.
Even my failures are attached t a feeling f success; after I take a step back and lk at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) fr my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in fr my first grup interview fr a leadership psitin as a shy girl. Nt standing a chance against cmpetitive applicants, I came ut f the interview with an upset lk. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted pprtunity. I talked t ne f the senir applicants wh answered questins in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself.
This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little.
24．Thrughut the Junir year, what was the authr’s majr cncern?
A．Pressure frm chsing AP classes.B．Perfrmance in grup interviews.
C．Cmpetitin with senirs.D．Recgnitin by clleges.
25．The authr chse fewer AP classes because f _______.
A．her wn understanding f successB．her desire fr academic challenges
C．her strng urge t fllw the crwdD．her dream f entering a tp university
26．Which wuld best describe the authr’s first grup interview?
A．Dignifying.B．Rewarding.C．Engaging.D．Relaxing.
27．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Everyne is the maker f their wn success.
B．Success favurs thse with a glden heart.
C．Success kncks at yur dr nly nce.
D．A cllege hlds the key t success.
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thrughut ur Junir year, my classmates and I have been wrried abut what clleges will see when they lk at ur whle life stry reduced t a single 200-wrd essay. Will the glden wrd “success” frm in their minds when they review ur achievements? Or will they see the big wrd “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted pprtunity. I talked t ne f the senir applicants wh answered questins in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。
27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyne is the maker f their wn success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合题意。故选A。
2.（2025北京卷·阅读理解D篇）The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better.
Fr many years, psychlgists saw identity as a cmbinatin f smene’s values, beliefs, gals and scial rles. Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives.
Our life stry is smething that starts cming tgether in ur teenage years, when we begin t rganise ur lives int chapters arund key events r life changes, and begin t see urselves as bth the central character and, t a varying extent, the stry’s authr. Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t.
Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. He discvered that whether smene describes having had sme cntrl ver events in their past is an imprtant predictr f a persn’s mental health. Anther key theme invlves finding sme kind f psitive meaning after stressful events. “Peple culd talk abut gaining knwledge r persnal grwth,” says Jhnsn. His research shws that this is ften missing fr peple with mental health cnditins. The gd news is that there is evidence we can learn t change ur wn stry.
Lisa Green, anther researcher, sunds a few ntes f cautin (谨慎). Fr instance, hearing abut the pwer f redemptive (拯救性的) stries, many peple may feel frced t find a psitive angle n hrrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud.
If yu want t turn ver a new leaf, thugh, ne tp tip is that it helps t chse a significant date that signals the start f a new “chapter”. Cntrary t ppular dubt, reslutins made n I January are mre effective fr this reasn. S, whether yur gal is saving mney r getting fit, there is n better time t becme the authr f ur wn destiny (命运).
31．What can be inferred abut persnal stries?
A．They are unrelated t health.B．Cnsistent nes lead t stress.
C．They are relevant t happiness.D．Thematic nes hld back change.
32．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Talking abut gains frm failure is negative.B．New Year reslutins are well received.
C．The West tends t vervalue ptimism.D．Scial rles fail t be highlighted.
33．What des the authr mainly d in this passage?
A．Clarify a gal.B．Analyse an event.
C．Make a cmparisn.D．Illustrate an apprach.
34．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw self-identity wrks.B．Hw stry-tellers are made.
C．Hw persnal stries raise dubts.D．Hw timing affects persnal identity.
【答案】31．C 32．C 33．D 34．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故事。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。
33．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“Hw self-identity wrks. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合题意。故选A。
3.(2024新课标I卷)C
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
4.（2024全国甲卷）B
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
29. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
5.（2024·北京卷）
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and jyusly making marks n the walls at hme. In primary schl, I learned t write using chalks. Writing seemed t be anther frm f drawing. I shaped individual letters int repeating lines, which were abstract frms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secndary schl, art was my favurite subject. Since. I lved it s much I thught I was gd at it. Fr the art O-level exam I had t present an il painting. I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.
But ther channels f creativity stayed pen: I went n writing pems and stries. Still, I went t exhibitins ften. I cntinued my habitual drawing, which I nw characterised as childish ddling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art. Hwever, I culdn’t let myself have a g at actually ding it. Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big wman in red apprached me, handed me a bag f paints, and tld me t start painting. The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. Accrdingly, I started by experimenting with water clurs. Finally, I bught sme il paints.
Althugh I have enjyed breaking my decades-lng tab abut wrking with il paints, I have discvered I nw prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn int cartns I send t friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxius. This time arund, I can accept my limitatins but keep ging.
Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. That dream reminded me that thse fears and desires culd encurage me t take risks and make experiments.
24. Hw did the authr feel abut the result f the art exam?
A. Scared.B. Wrried.C. Discuraged.D. Wrnged.
25. In her 30s, the authr _________.
A. avided il painting practiceB. sught fr a painting career
C. fancied abstract paintingD. exhibited child paintings
26. Which wrd wuld best describe the authr’s dream?
A. Cnfusing.B. Empwering.
C. Disturbing.D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Hard wrk is the mther f success.
C. Dreams are the reflectins f realities.D. Creative activities invlve being cnfident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
24. C推理判断题。根据第二段“I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25. A细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
26. B推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27. D推理判断题。根据第六段“Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
6.（2024·北京卷）
The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
30. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is _________.
A. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
31. It is implied in this passage that we shuld _________.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D. turn simulatins f the universe int realities up.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
28. C推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
29. B词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于cntingent n我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词cncepts and wrds，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
30. A推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
31. C推理判断题。根据第四段“There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
7.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what?s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.He was fnd f travelling.
B.He enjyed being alne.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He lnged t be a dctr.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
8.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves”.
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a“nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
( )34.What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
9.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways,smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have travelled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever,we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts,they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B.They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C.They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D.They had prblems with their equipment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景照片的。
26.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hwever, we did nt mark the rute(路线)s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比预计到达拍摄地点的时间晚了。故选C项。
10.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
11.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
【答案】 34．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
12.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the bk aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
13.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy,is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humur. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
( )29.Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4?
A.T cmpare Weiner with them.
B.T give examples f great wrks.
C.T praise their writing skills.
D.T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了Eric Weiner的哲学书The Scrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
14.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects.
( )33.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in Paragraph 2?
A.His reprt was scientific.
B.He represented the lcal peple.
C.He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D.His recrd was ne-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain?s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾)drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选D项。
15.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
目录
第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿
第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分
A组·保分基础练
题型01推理判断综合练（原创&最新模拟）
题型02推理判断综合练（最新模拟&原创）
B组·抢分能力练
题型03重难创新练（阅读理解）
第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法