新人教版（2024）英语八年级下册 Unit 3 Growing Up 词汇讲解（课件）

这是一份新人教版（2024）英语八年级下册 Unit 3 Growing Up 词汇讲解（课件），共63页。
R·八年级英语下册Growing UpUNIT 3Section Aupset(1) [形容词]难过的；沮丧的不用在名词前作定语。be/feel upset about/at/over（doing）sth 因（做）某事而难过be/feel upset with sb（=be angry with sb）生某人的气She was very upset about losing her wallet. 她因为丢了钱包而非常难过。I think she may be rather upset with you. 我想她可能对你相当生气。upset(2) [及物动词]搅乱；使烦恼现在分词：upsetting 过去式：upset 过去分词：upsetThe bad news upset him a lot. 这个坏消息使他很烦恼。lonely(1)孤独的；寂寞的多指情感上的孤独，常作表语。She felt lonely and hopeless. 她感到孤独绝望。(形容词)(2)偏僻的；荒凉的；人迹罕至的仅用在名词前作定语。He used to live on a lonely island with his dog.他过去和他的狗一起住在一座孤岛上。lonely辨析：lonely 与 alone(形容词)He lives on a lonely island alone. But he never feels lonely because he likes being alone.他独自住在一个荒凉的岛上。但他从未感觉孤独，因为他喜欢独自一人。loneliness［名词］孤独；寂寞the feeling of loneliness 孤独感shocked(形容词)震惊的be shocked at... 对……感到震惊be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊He is shocked at my suggestion. 他对我的建议感到震惊。We are shocked to hear the bad news. 听到那个坏消息我们很震惊。辨析：shocked 与 shockingshocked(形容词)震惊的It’s shocking that he lied to his parents，and they are shocked too. 他对父母撒谎的行为令人震惊，他的父母也感到震惊。以⁃ed结尾的形容词通常用来描述人的感受，表示“感到……的”；以⁃ing结尾的形容词通常用来描述事物的特征，表示“令人……的”。常见的如下：(动词)建议；劝告adviseThank you for advising me on writing.谢谢你在写作方面给我建议。(1) advise sb on/about... 关于……给某人建议Mr Li advised me not to give up my dream.李老师劝告我不要放弃梦想。(2) advise sb（not）to do sth 建议/劝告某人（不）做某事(动词)建议；劝告adviseMy father advised giving Mary some stamps in return.我爸爸建议送玛丽一些邮票作为回报。(3) advise doing sth 建议/劝告做某事The doctor advised that I（should）lie down and rest for some time.医生建议我躺下休息一段时间。(4) advise+that 从句 建议……从句中谓语为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。advice［不可数名词］建议give sb some advice 给某人一些建议(形容词)伤感情的hurtful可在句中作定语或表语。由“hurt （n. 伤害）+ - ful （形容词后缀）”构成be hurtful to sb 伤害某人I can’t forget the hurtful things he said.我无法忘记他说的那些伤感情的话。Your action is really hurtful to her. 你的行为真的伤害她了。control(1) [及物动词]控制；约束(2) [名词]控制；管理be in the control of 受……控制/管理 be out of control 失去控制Luca was so angry that he couldn’t control his emotions.卢卡太生气了，以至于无法控制自己的情绪。The car was out of control suddenly. 那辆车突然失去了控制。(不可数名词)怒火in anger 生气地；愤怒地His eyes were full of anger when he heard the lie.听到那个谎言时，他的眼里满是怒火。John threw the book on the desk in anger.约翰生气地把书扔到书桌上。angeranger的相关词：forgiveCan you forgive my silly mistake？ 你能原谅我这个愚蠢的错误吗？Please forgive me for forgetting your birthday. 请原谅我忘了你的生日。(及物动词) 原谅；宽恕forgiveness［名词］原谅；宽恕过去式：forgave 过去分词：forgivenforgive sb/sth 原谅某人/某事forgive sb for（doing）sth 原谅某人（做了）某事present(1) [可数名词]礼物She bought a birthday present for her mother.她为她母亲买了一件生日礼物。相当于 gift。present(2) [名词]现在；目前The boy is suffering from the injuries at present.现在这个男孩正遭受伤痛的折磨。at present 现在；目前present(3) [动词]展现；陈述You need to present yourself better. 你需要更好地展示自己。When you present your ideas, remember to speak slowly.当你陈述自己的观点时，记得讲慢点。standard(1) [名词] 标准；水平标准或水平的高/低通常用 high/low 来表示。(2) [形容词]标准的We need to book two standard rooms and three single rooms.我们需要预订两个标准间和三个单人间。standard of ……的标准 meet the standards 符合标准Their standard of living is very low. 他们的生活水平很低。All food must meet the national safety standards.所有食品都必须符合国家安全标准。(名词)奖；奖品win/receive/get an award for sth 因某事获奖awardHe got an award for creating a new app that can help people keep fit.他因开发了一款能帮助人们保持健康的新应用程序而获奖。award的读音以元音音素开头，其前加不定冠词时应用an。(副词)清楚地比较级：more clearly 最高级：most clearlyTony can see things more clearly now with this pair of glasses.戴上这副眼镜，托尼现在看东西更清楚了。clearly由“clear （adj. 清晰的；清楚的）+ - ly（副词后缀）”构成(不可数名词)压力pressureTom is often under pressure at work, but he still smiles at home.汤姆在工作中常有压力，但他在家仍然面带微笑。Parents shouldn’t put too much pressure on kids.父母不应该给孩子太多压力。可指外界施加的压力或内部压力，相当于 stress。under pressure 在压力之下 put pressure on sb 向某人施压(名词)目的；意图the purpose of ……的目的 on purpose 故意；有意地The purpose of this activity is to inspire teenagers to try new things.本次活动的目的是激励青少年去尝试新事物。He threw himself on the ground on purpose. 他故意扑倒在地上。purpose(动词)关闭；合上现在分词：shutting 过去式：shut 过去分词：shut表示关门、关窗时可与 close 互换。shut... away 把……关（藏）起来；隔离shut off 关闭；停止运转Please shut the door. 请关门。Mary likes shutting herself away and doesn’t talk to others when she’s unhappy. 玛丽不开心的时候，喜欢把自己关起来，不跟别人说话。You must shut off your mobile phone before the plane takes off.飞机起飞前，你必须关掉手机。shut=close(副词)最后一般位于句首，通常用于列举事物，指按顺序的“最后”，相当于finally。同义短语：at last/in the endLastly, I would like to ask about your future plans.最后，我想问一下你们的未来计划。lastly由“last （adj. 最后的；末尾的）+ - ly（副词后缀）”构成(副词)最后First, next, then 与 lastly/finally 一起使用，意为“首先，……接下来，……然后，……最后，……”，用来描述某件事的过程或步骤的先后顺序，使叙述内容条理更加清晰。First, you must get up early. Next, brush your teeth and wash your face. Then, have breakfast quickly. Lastly, go to school by bike.首先，你必须早起。接下来，刷牙洗脸。然后，快速吃早餐。最后，骑自行车去上学。lastly(代词)充足；丰富；大量plenty of 充足；大量They always gave us plenty to eat. 他们总是给我们很多东西吃。You should get plenty of rest and take the medicine three times a day.你应该充分休息，一天吃三次药。plenty后接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，常用于肯定句中。R·八年级英语下册Growing UpUNIT 3Section Bring(1) [不及物动词]响起铃声过去式：rang 过去分词：rungListen! The phone is ringing. 听！手机响了。(2) [动词]给……打电话ring up 打电话I’ll ring you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。=call you upring(3) [可数名词]环；圈；戒指The children sat on the floor in a ring. 孩子们围成一圈坐在地板上。I was shocked that Dad gave Mum a ring as her birthday present.我很震惊爸爸给妈妈送了一枚戒指作为生日礼物。ring 的一词多义：enter(1)进入 相当于 come/go into。Please turn off your mobile phones before entering the building. 进入大楼前请关掉你们的手机。(动词)(2)考上；参加（考试、比赛等）I managed to enter a good university. 我努力考入了一所好大学。Over a thousand children entered the competition.有一千多个孩子参加了比赛。entrance［名词］入口The entrance to the museum is on the left. 博物馆的入口在左边。dare(1)［动词］敢于dare（to）do sth 敢于做某事Jane used to be quiet and didn’t dare to talk with strangers.简过去很文静，不敢与陌生人说话。(2)［情态动词］敢于后接动词原形，多用于否定句或疑问句中。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人外出。How dare you say hurtful things to Cindy on purpose？你怎么敢故意对辛迪说伤人的话？作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Everybody loves the new movie. 每个人都喜欢这部新电影。everybody(代词)每人；所有人=everyoneplayer(可数名词)(1)运动员；选手由“play（v. 玩；参加；播放）+ - er （名词后缀）”构成The football player got an injury while doing sport.那个足球运动员做运动时受了伤。(2)播放机The CD player stopped working. 光盘播放机坏了。player 的一词多义：decision(名词)决定make a decision/decisions 做决定make a decision to do sth 决定做某事You are old enough to make your own decisions.你够大了，可以自己做决定了。She made a decision to apologize to her father. 她决定给爸爸道歉。decide［动词］决定score(1) [可数名词]得分；比分(2) [动词]得分The final score was 4:3. 最终的比分是 4：3。Could you tell me the secret of getting good scores？你能告诉我取得好成绩的秘诀吗？Ben scored in the last minute of the game.本在比赛的最后一分钟得分。get good scores 取得好成绩=gradesproud(形容词)骄傲的；自豪的proud of 为……感到骄傲be proud to do 为做……感到骄傲/自豪Mike’s parents are proud of him because he won an award again.迈克的父母为他感到骄傲，因为他又一次获奖了。I am very proud to be a part of the team.我很自豪能成为这个团队的一员。pride［名词］自豪；骄傲take pride in=be proud of 为……感到骄傲/自豪(可数名词)coachOur football coach seems strict with each player.我们的足球教练似乎对每个运动员都很严格。(1)教练 复数形式：coachesby coach 乘长途汽车(2)长途汽车Travelling by coach makes me bored and uncomfortable.乘长途汽车旅行使我无聊且不舒服。(可数名词)coachcoach 的一词多义：(名词)有点儿；稍微bita bit 有点儿；稍微 I am a bit tired. 我有点儿累。(1)二者修饰形容词或副词原级、比较级时，意为“有点儿；稍微”，可以互换。In the middle of the meal, Tom’s throat felt a bit/little tight suddenly.吃饭中途，汤姆的喉咙突然感觉有点疼痛。a bit 与 a little。(名词)有点儿；稍微bit(2)修饰名词时，意为“一点儿；少量”，a little 后直接接不可数名词；a bit 修饰名词时其后加 of，即“a bit of+不可数名词”。There is a little ink in the bottle.=There is a bit of ink in the bottle.瓶子里有少量的墨水。(3) a little 还可以作不定代词使用，而 a bit 不可以。—Can you speak Chinese？ 你会说汉语吗？—Yes，a little. 是的，会一点点。(动词)重复repeatWe should learn from our mistakes and try our best to avoid repeating them. 我们应该从错误中学习，并尽力避免重复犯错。(名词)解决办法；解决solution to ……的解决办法There’s no simple solution to this problem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。solutionsolve［动词］解决；解答though(1) ［连词］虽然；尽管引导让步状语从句，相当于 although、even though 或 even if。Though he knew it was wrong, he wouldn’t change it.尽管他知道这错了，但他不会改变。(2) ［副词］不过，可是，然而常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though. 这工作很辛苦。不过，我很喜欢。apologizeI apologized to my teacher for being late this morning.我因为今天早上迟到向老师道歉。（=apologise）［不及物动词］道歉apology［名词］道歉apologize to sb for（doing）sth 因（做）某事向某人道歉make an apology/apologies（for sth）（因某事）道歉joyful可作表语或定语。She looked joyful as she received the surprise present.当她收到惊喜礼物时，她看起来很高兴。During the Spring Festival, people get together to spend a joyful time. 春节期间，人们聚在一起度过欢乐时光。(形容词)高兴的；令人愉快的由“joy（n. 喜悦；乐趣）+ - ful （形容词后缀）”构成thankfulbe thankful to sb for（doing）sth 因（做）某事而对某人心存感激You should be thankful to those who helped you.你应该感谢那些帮助过你的人。I’m thankful to my friend for giving me some advice.我很感谢我的朋友给了我一些建议。(形容词)感谢的；感激的由“thank（v. 感谢；谢谢）+ - ful （形容词后缀）”构成be thankful to sb 对某人心存感激(形容词)否定的；消极的反义词：positive 乐观的；积极的；良好的negativeThey got a negative reply. 他们得到了一个否定的答复。We should avoid negative thoughts when facing difficulties.面对困难时，我们应该避免消极的想法。bully(1) [及物动词]霸凌；恐吓We must stop kids from bullying their classmates.我们必须阻止孩子们霸凌同学。Don’t let anyone bully you into doing something you don’t want to do. 不要让任何人胁迫你去做你不想做的事。bully sb 霸凌某人bully sb into（doing）sth 恐吓某人（做）……(2) [可数名词]恶霸 复数形式：bulliesThe bully apologized after the teacher talked to him.老师找那个恶霸谈话后，他道歉了。behavebehave well 表现好；举止得体behave oneself 使举止规矩(动词)表现；举止得体He behaves well. 他举止得体。Class, please behave yourselves. 同学们，请规矩些。behaviour［名词］行为；举止(副词)不同地differentlyThe two boys always behave differently.这两个男孩总是表现不一样。differently 的相关词：People have different ideas, so they do things differently, but the small differences make life colourful. 人们有不同的想法，所以做事方式不一样，但这些小小的差异让生活丰富多彩。lie(1) [系动词]处于；保持（某种状态） 后接形容词作表语。The village lies green all year round. 这个村子一年四季绿意盎然。现在分词：lying 过去式：lay /leɪ/ 过去分词：lain /leɪn/(2) [不及物动词]躺；平躺I found a dog lying at the door. 我发现一只狗趴在门口。She decided to lie down for a while after lunch. 她决定午饭后躺一会儿。现在分词：lying 过去式：lay 过去分词：lainlie(3) [不及物动词]平放；位于Your clothes are lying all over the floor. 地板上到处都是你的衣服。Sansha City lies in the south of China. 三沙市位于中国的南部。现在分词：lying 过去式：lay过去分词：lain(4) [不及物动词]说谎；撒谎You’re lying to us. 你在对我们撒谎。现在分词：lying 过去式：lied 过去分词：liedYou’re lying to us. 你在对我们撒谎。lie(5) [可数名词]谎言；谎话My mother was angry with me because I told a lie.我妈妈生我的气了，因为我说谎了。tell a lie/tell lies 说谎(形容词)醒着的（尤指入睡前或刚醒时）可在句中作表语或宾语补足语，不可作定语。Is your baby asleep or awake？ 你的宝宝睡着了还是醒着的？（作表语）To keep them awake, the guide began to tell jokes.为了不让他们睡着，导游开始讲笑话。（作宾语补足语）She was half awake when her mother came in.当妈妈进来时，她还半睡半醒着。awake反义词：asleep 睡着的be half awake 半睡半醒wake［动词］醒；唤醒 wake up 醒来；叫醒(形容词)放松的；镇定的be relaxed about 对……感到放松/随意Take a deep breath, and you will feel relaxed. 深呼吸，你会感到放松。Molly was so relaxed about money that she didn’t save any.莫莉对钱太随意，以至于她没存下什么钱。relaxed(形容词)放松的；镇定的辨析：relaxed 与 relaxingWe feel relaxed after a relaxing journey.在一次轻松的旅程之后，我们感到很放松。relaxednormal[形容词]正常的；普通的 在句中可作定语或表语。She is a normal doctor. 她是一个普通的医生。It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。(2) [名词]正常；常态We normally plant trees in spring. 我们通常在春天植树。Everything returned to normal in a short time. 一切很快恢复了正常。normally［副词］正常地；通常(形容词)mad(1)很生气；疯狂的 比较级：madder 最高级：maddestbe/get mad at/with sb生某人的气be/get mad about sth因某事生气Please don’t get mad at/with me. 请别生我的气。There is no need to get mad about it！ 没有必要为它生气！(2)痴迷；迷恋 be mad about/on... 对……痴迷He’s not as mad about sport as I am. 他不像我那样对体育痴迷。mad 的相关词：mean(1)［形容词］刻薄的；吝啬的be mean to 对……刻薄Don’t be so mean to your mother. 不要对你妈妈那么刻薄。He’s too mean to buy his friends a drink. 他吝啬得不肯给朋友买饮料。(2)［及物动词］意味着 后接名词或动词⁃ing 形式作宾语。His new hobby means spending a lot of money.他的新爱好意味着要花很多钱。mean(3)［及物动词］意思是 后接名词、动词⁃ing 形式或从句。I mean you shouldn’t say hurtful things to her.我的意思是你不应该对她说伤害感情的话。(4)［及物动词］打算；意欲I mean to share my worries with someone instead of shutting myself away. 我打算和别人分享我的烦恼，而不是将自己封闭起来。mean to do sth 打算做某事What do/does... mean？=What’s the meaning of...？……的意思是什么？What does the word mean？=What’s the meaning of the word？这个单词是什么意思？(形容词)深的；有……深的take a deep breath 深呼吸The river is about 5 metres deep. 这条河大约有 5 米深。She took a deep breath before giving a speech. 演讲前她深吸了一口气。deep在英语中，表示“物体的长、宽、高等”时，其表达方式为：基数词+表示“度量”的名词（metre、foot等）+形容词（long、wide、tall、deep 等）。The bridge is more than 500 metres long. 这座桥有 500 多米长。(代词)任何人含有 body 的其他复合不定代词如下：somebody（=someone）某人everybody（=everyone）每人；所有人anybody相当于anyone，常用于否定句或疑问句中，代替someone或somebody，也可用于肯定句中。Did anybody learn first aid？ 有人学过急救吗？Anybody knows the answer to the question. 任何人都知道那个问题的答案。=anyoneanybody作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式remain(1)［不及物动词］继续存在；剩余Almost nothing remained after the fire. 火灾过后，几乎什么也不剩了。There were only five minutes remaining. 只剩下五分钟了。(2)［连系动词］保持不变后接名词、形容词、分词或介词短语作表语。She is so shy that she always remains silent in class.她很害羞，总是在课堂上保持沉默。She remained sleeping when we came in. 我们进来时，她仍然睡着。remain(3)［不及物动词］逗留；停留 相当于 stay。Please remain here until I return. 请待在这里直到我回来。remain通常不用于进行时。