北京卷05-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷

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考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Family is the warmest place where members always help each ther, especially in the mst difficult times.
My husband and I went thrugh tugh times many years ag. Hwever, we didn’t mentin the difficulties t ur children. The nly thing they knew clearly was that we had t ___1___many things. But we didn’t want t ___2___ them with a prblem abut which they culd d nthing.
Our situatin wasn’t imprving, and we knew that we wuld have t lk fr utside help. Just as we reached the pint f ___3___, ur cmmunity gave us an envelpe that had been left in the cmmittee’s ffering bx. The cmmittee said, “In ur cmmunity, there has been a way f assisting thse wh have financial difficulties. In rder nt t make the receivers feel ashamed, mney is secretly drpped int an ffering bx with nly the___4___name n each envelpe. Then the envelpes are___5___t thse members withut them knwing the givers’ names.”
Yu culd imagine hw verjyed we were t receive it, which was enugh t bring us thrugh the desperate time. We culdn’t help but ___6___ wh had given such a generus gift. We were enrmusly grateful.
Later, ur sn applied fr a student lan s that he culd attend university. It was then that we ___7___his saving accunt was almst empty. We’d trusted him t put the wages frm his part-time jb int the bank. We were s___8___ that I asked him repeatedly t find ut where the mney had gne. He just std there with firm eyes but said nthing.
Finally, with great ___9___,my sn eventually admitted that the year befre he had put his savings in the ffering bx fr us. I std there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had spent several years saving that mney and had given it t us _____10_____withut telling us what he had dne.
1. A. make up frB. cme up withC. cut back nD. lk frward t
2. A. btherB. harmC. encurageD. supprt
3. A. angerB. desperatinC. hpeD. relief
4. A. receiver’sB. giver’sC. rganizer’sD. partner’s
5. A. relatedB. cntributedC. distributedD. devted
6. A. recallB. inferC. imagineD. wnder
7. A. discveredB. thughtC. ensuredD. admitted
8. A. pessimisticB. disappintedC. frightenedD. guilty
9. A. interactinB. explanatinC. expectatinD. hesitatin
10. A. bviuslyB. willinglyC. graduallyD. accidentally
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I’ve lved phtgraphy since I was a teenager. My parents recrded many hme vides f my siblings and me. Cherished family mments ____11____(dcument). Revisiting them was like pening a treasure chest. I’m grateful fr these visual recrds ____12____ shwed ur yuth and grwth. Film had a big influence n me. I lve the emtins cnveyed by the stry n vide. Fr a decade I wrked as a freelance filmmaker and phtgrapher. I recrded a wide range f genres, therefre ____13____(cllect) tens f thusands f images—bth still and mving.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Cnventinal wisdm tells us that we can feel happier if we smile r that we can get urselves ____14____ a mre serius md if we scwl(怒视),” said Nichlas Cles, a PhD at Utah University. His team cmbined data frm 138 studies testing mre than 11,000 participants and fund facial ____15____(express) d have impact n feelings. Fr example, smiling makes peple happier, scwling makes them feel angrier, and frwning makes them ____16____(sad). These finding are exciting because they prvide a clue abut hw the mind and bdy interact ____17____(influence) ur cnscius experience f emtin.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By drawing patterns such as bambs n the surface f a cup f tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick ____18____(g) viral recently. There are a dzen steps, frm grinding tea fr fine pwder, t puring biled water, stirring the mixture fr thick frth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water it used t put int the cup. When the water ____19____(tuch) the surface f tea, it turns int a white clr and disappears in 20 minutes. The prcess befre drawing is knwn as “diancha.” The quality f it is crucial t ____20____ the patterns can be successfully prduced later.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Want t explre new cultures, meet new peple and d smething wrthwhile at the same time? Yu can d all the three with Glbal Develpment Assciatin(GDA). Whatever stage f life yu’re at, wherever yu g and whatever prject yu d in GDA, yu’ll create psitive changes in a pr and remte cmmunity(社区).
We wrk with vlunteers f all ages and backgrunds. Mst f ur vlunteers are aged 17-24. Nw we need vlunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely imprtant in the safe and effective running f ur prgrammes. We have such rles as prject managers, muntain leaders, and cmmunicatin fficers.
Depending n which rle yu chse, yu culd help t increase a cmmunity’s access t safe drinking water, r help t prtect valuable lcal cultures. Yu might als design an adventure challenge t train yung vlunteers.
Nt nly will yu help ur yung vlunteers t develp persnally, yu’ll als learn new skills and increase yur cultural awareness. Yu may have chances t meet new peple wh’ll becme yur lifelng friends.
This summer we have bth 4-week and 7-week prgrammes:
GDA ensures that vlunteers wrk with cmmunity members and lcal prject partners where ur help is needed. All ur prjects aim t prmte the develpment f pr and remte cmmunities.There is n ther chance like a GDA prgramme. Jin us as a vlunteer manager t develp yur wn skills while bringing benefits t the cmmunities.
Find ut mre abut jining a GDA prgramme:
Email:humanresurces@gldeve.rg
21．What is the main respnsibility f vlunteer managers?
A．T seek lcal partners.B．T take in yung vlunteers.
C．T carry ut prgrammes.D．T fster cultural awareness.
22．The prgramme beginning in August will perate in ________.
A．EgyptB．AlgeriaC．KenyaD．Suth Africa
23．The shared gal f GDA’s prjects t ________.
A．explre new culturesB．prtect the envirnment
C．gain crprate benefitD．help cmmunities in need
B
Andrea Speranza wanted t be a firefighter lng befre she had the right wrd fr her wish. After ne childhd adventure at a cnstructin site ended with an irn nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call t the fire department, she fund herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thught, they culd help everybdy and d anything,” says the nw 52-year-ld.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream f becming a firefighter. Her jb was exactly as fulfilling as she imagined it wuld be, except fr ne thing; she still hadn’t seen anther wman in her rle—nt in a magazine, nt n televisin, nt in real life. Speranza decided t help yung wmen see that they, t, culd have a career like hers.
The result is Camp Curage, an immersive (沉浸式的) prgram fr girls aged 15 t 19 wh want t learn mre abut firefighting, paramedicine and plice wrk. In 2006, Speranza welcmed the first 17 participants. Over the curse, the girls discver the ins and uts f being first respnders: learning hw t put ut fires, delivering first aid and s n.
Camp Curage nw nuns ne sessin every year and is free t attend. T ffset (抵消) csts, Speranza fundraises by hlding everything frm car washes t cmedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing hw they plan t help their cmmunity, r a specific individual in need. And they have t deliver n the plan—frm building a bench fr a senir at a bus stp t launching a lcal chapter f the Kids Help Phne.
While Camp Curage is designed t help mre wmen becme first respnders, Speranza als has anther, bigger bjective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby r climb a hundred-ft ladder, they’re nt ging t have a prblem ging thrugh a jb interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a cmplete change in mindset, and it wrks.”
Nw hundreds f girls have passed thrugh Camp Curage and sme f them wrk as first respnders nw. Speranza feels a sense f achievement. The pprtunity t recruit ther girls t save lives alngside her keeps her ging. It’s nt even measurable.
24. What inspired Speranza t becme a firefighter?
A. Her dream nw.B. A childhd accident.
C. The lack f female firefighters.D. A firefighter’s encuragement.
25. Why did Speranza decide t start Camp Curage?
A. T train the girls t take the first aid curse.
B. T cmplete an immersive prgram abut firefighting.
C. T assist mre females t take up sme jbs like hers.
D. T mtivate mre females t stand n their wn feet in the future.
26. What d campers have t d t pass thrugh Camp Curage?
A. Raise mney t pay ff the cst.
B. Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C Build a bench fr the disabled at a bus stp.
D. Hand in a plan and then put it int actin.
C
Plants need sunlight fr phtsynthesis (光合作用), the prcess f absrbing energy frm light t create their wn fd frm carbn dixide and water. That’s why plants grw and thrive in the warmer mnths when there is mre daylight and are drmant in the clder mnths.
But this prcess isn’t particularly efficient and nly ne percent f the energy cntained in sunlight actually ends up in the plant, accrding t a news release frm the University f Califrnia, Riverside. Nw scientists at the university have fund a way t bypass the need fr natural phtsynthesis and t create fd by using artificial phtsynthesis. This allws plants t grw in cmplete darkness. “With ur apprach we sught t identify a new way f prducing fd that culd break thrugh the limits nrmally impsed by bilgical phtsynthesis,” crrespnding authr Rbert Jinkersn, a UCR assistant prfessr f chemical and envirnmental engineering said in the news release.
The researchers devted t artificial phtsynthesis used a tw-step electrcatalytic (电催化) prcess t cnvent CO2, water, and electricity int acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient f vinegar — that the plant rganisms cnsumed t grw. The researchers adjusted the electrlyzer, a device that uses electricity t supprt the grwth f fd prducing rganisms. t cme up with the highest levels f acetate ever prduced by this methd.
The new artificial phtsynthesis methd culd be up t 18 times mre efficient than sunlight. Experiments shwed that a large range f fd prducing rganisms culd be grwn using this acetate. “We were able t grw fd prducing rganisms withut any cntributins frm bilgical phtsynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a dctral candidate in the Jinkersn lab and c-lead authr f the study. “This technlgy is a mre efficient methd f turning slar energy int fd, as cmpared t fd prductin that relics n bilgical phtsynthesis,” she said.
By eliminating the need fr sunlight, he ptential f this methd t increase fd supply in regins with less - than ideal grwing cnditins is almst endless, accrding t New Atlas.
Fd will be able t be grwn almst anywhere, including in space and n ther planets. “Imagine smeday giant vessels grwing tmat plants in the dark and n Mars — hw much easier wuld that be fr future Martians?” c-authr Martha Orzc-Cárdenas, directr f the UCR Plant Transfrmatin Research Center said.
While this may be years ff, the ptential t grw fd using artificial phtsynthesis has great value in feeding a hungry place where the ppulatin is grwing and arable land shrinking. This new methd increases the efficiency f fd prductin using less land and minimizes the envirnmental impact n the planet.
27. What des the underlined wrd “drmant” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. Fresh.B. Resting.C. Healthy.D. Nrmal.
28. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The prcess f artificial phtsynthesis.
B. The cntributin f natural phtsynthesis.
C. The efficiency f sunlight n plant rganisms.
D. The wide range f applicatins f artificial phtsynthesis.
29. Accrding t Martha Orzc-Cárdenas, artificial phtsynthesis is .
A. accurateB. dangerusC. prmisingD. impractical
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Bilgical phtsynthesis can help prduce higher quality fd.
B. Bilgical phtsynthesis is mre efficient in turning slar energy int fd.
C. Using artificial phtsynthesis may decrease the efficiency f fd prductin.
D. Using artificial phtsynthesis t grw fd can reduce envirnmental influence.
D
When I give public lectures abut the climate crisis, the mst cmmn questin peple pse is: “Are yu an ptimist r a pessimist?”
My answer is yes. Califrnia has achieved dramatic emissins reductins in a thriving ecnmy, which makes me hpeful, yet in general the fssil-fuel industry is determined nt t change. The secnd mst cmmn questin is: “What can I, persnally, d?”
That’s a tugh ne. The majr drivers f climate change are cllective enterprises such as pwer grids, industry, large-scale agriculture and transprtatin systems. Substantial emissins reductins in these settings mst likely will nt cme frm persnal actins; they will cme frm laws and plicies such as carbn-pricing systems, revised building cdes and supprts fr green investment.
Sme peple have argued that calls fr individual actin actually distract us frm crprate respnsibility. That culd explain why the fssil-fuel industry is fnd f such requests. Oil giant BP ppularized and prmted the idea f a carbn ftprint, deflecting attentin t its custmers wh, it suggests, shuld take persnal respnsibility by lwering their carbn ftprints. One study fund that fcusing n individual activity actually undermines supprt fr mre effective plicy initiatives such as a carbn tax. Anther prblem with persnal behavir is that peple d nt like t be tld what t d.
Yet individual acts can grw int influential grup activity. One effective act, and ne that can be amplified, is t eat less red meat. Cutting meat cnsumptin is a pwerful and persnal thing mst Americans can d t tackle the climate crisis, and they can d it immediately. Abut 40 percent f greenhuse gases cme frm agriculture, defrestatin and ther land-use changes. Meat — particularly beef — drives climate change in tw ways: first, thrugh cws’ emissin f methane, a ptent greenhuse gas, and secnd, by destrying frests as they are cnverted t grazing land t satisfy the glbal demand fr beef. By eating less beef, we can start t decrease that demand. Yu d nt have t becme a vegan t d this. If every persn in the U.S. cut their meat cnsumptin by 25 percent, it wuld reduce annual greenhuse gas emissins by 1 percent. That might nt sund like a lt, but it wuld help prtect the rain frest, s the psitive effects — including reduced water and fertilizer use, imprved bidiversity and safeguarded rights f indigenus peples — wuld be amplified.
Perhaps mst imprtant, scial actin is cntagius — in a gd way. If lts f us begin t eat less meat and if we talk abut it cnstructively, we will likely influence thers. Pretty sn the 1 percent reductin becmes 2 percent r mre. Reduced demand fr meat culd mtivate my lcal supermarket t carry better prduce, making it easier fr me and my neighbrs t prepare a few mre satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand will influence industry. Frty years ag few mainstream supermarkets carried rganic prducts; nw nearly all d. Cnsumer demand did that.
Cutting back n red meat als has the added benefit f being gd fr yur health. S while I wuldn’t advise gvernments t rder peple t stp eating hamburgers, if anyne asks, “What can I d?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in yur cntrl, and yu can begin right nw. It benefits bth yu and the planet.”
31．Which ne plays the mst decisive rle in emissins reductins accrding t the passage?
A．Individual actins.B．Fssil-fuel industries.
C．The thriving ecnmy.D．Effective laws and plicies.
32．What d we learn frm the passage?
A．Indigenus peples turn frests int grazing land.
B．Meat is cnsidered as the biggest driver f climate change.
C．Small individual acts can make a big difference cllectively.
D．Mst Americans have t becme vegans t tackle the climate crisis.
33．What des the underlined wrd “cntagius” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Appealing.B．Pisnus.C．Harmnius.D．Spreading.
34．What is the purpse f the authr writing this passage？
A．T explain ways t reduce carbn ftprint.
B．T persuade peple t cut meat cnsumptin.
C．T evaluate the effects f healthy eating habits.
D．T argue against the emissin plicies f industries.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Cral reefs are the rainfrests f the cean. They exist n vast scales and are equally imprtant havens f bidiversity. Reefs ccupy 0.1% f the ceans. ____35____
Crals are useful t peple. Withut the prtectin which reefs affrd frm crashing waves, lw-lying islands such as the Maldives wuld have flded lng ag, and a billin peple wuld lse fd r incme. Hwever, reefs are under threat frm rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which crals are living tgether t generate txins (毒素) that frce thse cral t leave. ____36____
Research grups arund the wrld are cming up with plans f actin t see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant crals and crss-breeding such crals t create a new type. ____37____ Withut carbn reductin and decline in lcal, cral-killing pllutin, even resistant crals will nt survive the century.
Dubters dubt humanity will get its act tgether in time t make much difference.
____38____ Carbn targets are being set and cean pllutin is being dealt with. Cuntries that share respnsibilities fr reefs are starting t act tgether. Scientific wrkarunds can als be fund. Natural currents can be applied t facilitate mass breeding. Sites f the greatest eclgical and ecnmical imprtance can be identified t maximize bang fr buck.
____39____ It culd serve as a blueprint fr ther ecsystems. Hard-cre greens — thse wh think that all habitats shuld be kept unspiled — may nt apprve. But when entire ecsystems are facing destructin, the cst f ding nthing is t great t bear.
A. This can cause a cral’s death.
B. But there are grunds fr ptimism.
C. And they hst a quarter f marine species.
D. Cral’s glbal ecsystem services are wrth up t $10trn a year.
E. This mix f natural activity and human interventin is imprtant.
F. This research can als be brught t bear n trying t save entire ecsystems.
G. Hwever, the assisted evlutin f crals des nt meet with universal enthusiasm.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serius prblem that isn’t ging t get better n its wn. Here are sme d-it-yurself tips n hw t manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. Next time yu feel like yu need a device r electrnic item, stp yurself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe als the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize yur electrnics. If yu dn’t keep yur cnnectrs, DVDs, wires and gadgets rganized, yu wn’t be aware f what yu have. When we buy duplicate electrnics because we think we need them, we are cntributing t ur grwing e-waste prblem. “Hw t manage e-waste” becmes less f an issue when we keep ur wn huses in rder.
If yu d nt need a piece f equipment and it is in gd enugh cnditin t be reused, dnate it as sn as yu can s that smebdy else can use it. Dnatins are gd fr us because they are a useful way t get tax deductins, and a lt f times that tax deductin will be clse t the value f the item had yu tried t sell it. Take yur electrnics back t the stre. Sme stres ffer trade-in prgrams, where yu can drp ff yur ld equipment in return fr gift cards.
There are als places t sell electrnics that might be valuable t smebdy else. Just be sure t sell them right away, because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market.
If yu are frequently receiving memry sticks and little gadgets, cllect them int a gd-e-bag. Whenever yu n lnger need a USB stick r a small electrnic device, tss it int the bag. Yu might be surprised at hw quickly it fills up. S be sure yu are utilizing yur materials and prducts thughtfully. With these tips yu can use DIY slutins t learn hw t manage e-waste. Yur huse will be cleaner, yu will save mney and yu’ll be ding a gd thing.
40．What is the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem?
_____________________________________________________________
41．Hw can peple get tax deductins when managing e-waste?
__________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electrnics that yu dn 7 need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get.
________________________________________________________
43．Why d we need t manage ur e-waste? (In abut 40 wrds)
_________________________________________________________________
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将组织参观中国载人航天工程成就展，你班的英国交换生Jim对中国航天兴趣浓厚，请你写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．活动目的及时间安排；
2．活动内容；
3．询问对方意向。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国载人航天工程成就展 exhibitin f achievements in China’s manned spaceflight prgram
Dear Jim.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
Cuntry
Schedule
4-week prgrammes
7-week prgrammes
Algeria
5 Jul. — 1 Aug.
20 Jun. — 7 Aug.
Egypt
24 Jul. — 20 Aug.
19 Jun. — 6 Aug.
Kenya
20 Jul. — 16 Aug.
18 Jun. — 5 Aug.
Suth Africa
2 Aug. — 29 Aug.
15 Jun. — 2 Aug.