高考英语二轮-题型之阅读 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-题型之阅读 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）（学生版），共14页。
第一套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷
On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.
The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. “The man was a vulnerable missing persn fficers had been searching fr withut success,” the pst read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cld” area befre being led t safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, yu’re a true her, shwing us that even in retirement, yu can still save lives,” the rganizatin wrte. “Happy Birthday, Bear!”
The Guardian reprted that Bear was n the casual walk that led t the missing man with his wner, Julia Ppe, and “went int wrk mde” during the incident. The dg was in recvery at the time and n his first lng walk since receiving surgery t remve tw harmless tumrs tw weeks prir.
Ppe tld the utlet that Bear “dragged” her t where the missing individual was. “I’m nt sure he wuld have survived the night as it was extremely cld and almst dark at that pint with n ne else nearby,” Ppe said f the lst man she and Bear fund. The man was brught t lcal plice and reunited with his lved nes.
While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice, Bear has been wrking as a wellbeing and supprt dg fr plice staff, reprted The Guardian.
He had anther surgery in the summer f 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin supprted the dg during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge tld The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true her — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed t lead his wner, wh is a frmer plice fficer, t the man wh needed urgent help.” Stanbridge cntinued, “Thanks t Bear, the man received the help he needed frm lcal fficers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.”
1．Accrding t the passage, Bear ________.
A．is a retired plice dg which has just undergne an peratin
B．is a serving plice dg whse duty is t rescue the hmeless
C．is supprted by a nn-prfit rganizatin t take n sme paid jbs
D．is adpted by a frmer plice fficer t accmpany and safeguard her
2．The wrd “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mst prbably has the same meaning as “________”.
A．cntent.B．weak.C．curageus.D．reliable.
3．Which f the fllwing can be dne by The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin accrding t the passage?
A．It helps the plice dgs thrughut the cuntry.
B．It pays fr the rescue wrk dne by plice dgs.
C．It prvides financial supprt fr dg adpters.
D．It imprves retired plice fficers’ wellbeing.
4．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A nn-prfit rganizatin spnsrs plice dgs.
B．Bear still enjys acts f herism in his senir years.
C．A missing man was lucky enugh t be rescued.
D．Retired plice dgs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing.
B
【来源】上海市静安区上海市风华中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考英语试卷
What is IBRANCE?
IBRANCE is a prescriptin medicine used t treat HR+ and HER2- breast cancer that has spread t ther parts f the bdy.
Imprtant Safety Infrmatin fr Patients
Befre yu take TBRANCE, tell yur dctr if yu:
 have fever, chills, r any ther signs r symptms f infectin
 have liver r kidney prblems
 have any ther medical cnditins
 are pregnant r plan t becme pregnant: IBRANCE can harm yur unbrn baby.
IBRANCE may cause serius side effects, including:
Lw white bld cell cunts. If yu develp lw white bld cell cunts during treatment with IBRANCE yur dctr may stp yur treatment, decrease yur dse, r may tell yu t wait t begin yur treatment cycle. Tell yur dctr right away if yu have signs and symptms f lw white bld cell cunts r infectins such as fever and chills.
Cmmn side effects f IBRANCE include:
 lw red bld cell cunts
 tiredness
 dizziness
 bleeding r getting hurt mre easily
 shrtness f breath
 sre muth
 nse bleeds
 infectins
 hair thinning r hair lss
 lss f appetite
IBRANCE may cause fertility prblems in males. This may affect yur ability t father a child. Talk t yur dctr if this is a cncern fr yu.
These are nt all f the pssible side effects f IBRANCE. Fr mre infrmatin, ask yur dctr. Tell yur dctr if yu have any side effect that bthers yu r des nt g away. Tell yur dctr abut all f the medicines yu take, including prescriptin and ver-the-cunter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. IBRANCE and ther medicines may affect each ther, causing side effects.
D nt drink grapefruit juice r eat grapefruit prducts while taking IBRANCE as they may increase the amunt f IBRANCE in yur bld.
Tell yur dctr if yu start a new medicine. Take IBRANCE exactly as yur dctr tells yu.
If yu take t much IBRANCE, call yur dctr right away r g t the nearest hspital emergency rm.
Yu are encuraged t reprt negative side effects f prescriptin drugs t the FDA．Visit r call 1-800-1088. Can’t affrd yur medicatin? Pfizer may be able t help. Visit IBRANCE.cm.
5．What will NOT the dctr d if yu are fund t be suffering frm lw white bld cell cunts?
A．Stp yu frm taking IBRANCE.
B．Give yu less IBRANCE pills.
C．Suspend yur current treatment cycle.
D．Check all the medicines yu are taking nw.
6．What may nt be caused by IBRANCE?
A．Lw red bld cell cunts.
B．Liver r kidney prblems.
C．Bleeding nses.
D．Muth pains.
7．Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．Treatment with IBRANCE is really expensive, s nly rich peple can affrd this treatment.
B．It is all right if ne has frgtten t take IBRANCE tday. Duble the amunt t be taken tmrrw.
C．If a male wants t becme a father in the near future, he shuld stp taking IBRANCE.
D．One can eat whatever they want during treatment with IBRANCE.
C
【来源】华东师范大学附属东昌中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月阶段检测
Why isn’t science better? Lk at carcer incentives (激励).
There are ften substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versins f thse peple whse wrk invlves prviding a scial gd. Gvernment fficials are suppsed t wrk fr their vters. Jurnalists are suppsed t prvide unbiased reprting and insightful analysis. And scientists are suppsed t study the fabric f reality with the mst strict and skeptical f methds.
All t ften, hwever, what shuld be just isn’t s. In a number f scientific fields, published findings turn ut nt t replicate (复制), r t have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty f science des replicate — meaning the experiments turn ut the same way when yu repeat them — but the amunt that desn’t is t much fr cmfrt.
But there are als ways in which scientists increase their chances f getting it wrng. Running studies with small samples, mining data fr crrelatins and frming hyptheses t fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just sme f the ways t increase the number f false discveries.
It’s nt like we dn’t knw hw t d better. Scientists wh study scientific methds have knwn abut feasible remedies fr decades. Unfrtunately, their advice ften falls n deaf cars. Why? Why aren’t scientific methds better than they are? In a wrd: incentives. But perhaps nt in the way yu think.
In the 1970s, psychlgists and ecnmists began t pint ut the danger in relying n quantitative measures fr scial decisin-making. Fr example, when public schls are evaluated by students’ perfrmance n standardized tests, teachers respnd by teaching “t the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as f hw well the schl can prepare students fr the test.
Science is a cmpetitive enterprise. There are far mre credentialed (授以证书的) schlars and researchers than there are university prfessrships r cmparably prestigius research psitins. Due t this cmpetitin fr resurces, scientists must be evaluated and cmpared. Hw d yu tell if smene is a gd scientist?
An ft-used metric (度量标准) is the number f publicatins ne has in peer-reviewed jurnals, as well as the status f thse jurnals. Metrics like these make it straightfrward t cmpare researchers whse wrk may therwise be quite different. Unfrtunately, this als makes these numbers susceptible (易受影响的) t explitatin. If scientists are mtivated t publish ften and in high-impact jurnals, we might expect them t actively try t game the system (钻空子).
Hwever, mst scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning abut the wrld, and hnest. The prblem with incentives is that they can shape cultural nrms withut any intentin n the part f individuals.
8．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Scientists are expected t be devted t explring reality.
B．The research findings fail t achieve the expected effect.
C．Hyptheses are mdified t highlight the experiments’ results.
D．The amunt f science that des replicate is cmfrting.
9．What des deaf ears in the furth paragraph prbably refer t?
A．The public.B．The incentive initiatrs.
C．The peer researchers.D．The high-impact jurnal editrs.
10．Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A．Gd scientists excel in seeking resurces and securing research psitins.
B．Cmpetitin fr resurces pushes researchers t publish in a mre prductive way.
C．All the credentialed schlars and researchers will take up university prfessrships.
D．The number f publicatin reveals hw scientists are bitterly explited.
11．Accrding t the authr, what might be a remedy fr the fundamental prblem in scientific research?
A．High-impact jurnals are encuraged t refrm the incentives fr publicatin.
B．The peer-review prcess is suppsed t scale up inspectin f scientific fraud.
C．Researchers are mtivated t get actively invlved in gaming the current system.
D．Career incentives fr scientists are expected t cnsider their persnal intentin.
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
AI can predict tipping pints
Tipping pints, als knwn as critical transitins, are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything frm the behaviur f financial markets and the spread f disease t the extinctin f species. The financial crisis f 2007-09 is ften described as ne. The real trick, therefre, is t spt them befre they happen. But that is fiendishly difficult.
12 In a study published in the jurnal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the nset f tipping pints in cmplicated systems with the help f machine-learning algrithms.
T simplify their calculatins, the team reduced all such prblems t nes taking place within a large netwrk f interacting ndes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, fr example, a nde might represent a single cmpany, and a nde in an ecsystem culd stand fr a species. The team then designed tw artificial neural netwrks t analyze such systems. The first was ptimized t track the cnnectins between different ndes. 13
T train their mdel, the team needed examples f critical transitins fr which lts f data were available. These are hard t find in the real wrld, because they are s hard t predict. 14 One was the s-called Kuramt mdel f synchrnised scillatrs (同步振荡器). Anther was a mdel ecsystem used by scientists t simulate abrupt changes. When the researchers were happy that their algrithms culd predict critical transitins in these systems, they applied them t real-wrld prblems.
Like with many AI systems, nly the algrithm knws what specific features and patterns it identifies t make these predictins. 15 That culd help imprve the algrithm further, and allw better predictins f everything frm infectius utbreaks t the next stckmarket crash. Just hw imprtant a mment this is, thugh, remains difficult t predict.
A．The details f their transfrmatin remain mysterius.
B．The ther was hw individual ndes changed ver time.
C．Researchers say they have brken new grund in the mathematical field.
D．Cmputer scientists in China nw shw that artificial intelligence (AI) can help.
E．Gang Yan, the paper’s lead authr, says his team are nw trying t discver exactly what they are.
F．Instead, the researchers turned t simplified theretical systems in which tipping pints are knwn t ccur.
第二套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海市上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语3月月考英语试题
At 14, Fraser Dherty was busy making jam after his grandparents taught him a family recipe. He started selling jars f his jam dr t dr near his parents’ hme in Edinburgh. As interest grew, his hbby stated t turn int a business. He nw makes 40, 000 jars f jam a mnth and is well n his way t making his first millin.
Dherty, wh has been chsen t represent Britain in the Glbal Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicag next mnth, said there are several advantages t having started yung: “As a yung persn yu have a different view f the wrld. Yu have a naivety and an ptimism and are willing t give things a sht. The dwnside fr me isn’t particularly scary. I dn’t have a mrtgage r kids t wrry abut s I didn’t have a huge amunt t lse if my idea had nt wrked.”
Duncan Cheatle, funder f The Supper Club, a frum fr established entrepreneurs in Lndn, agreed that becming an entrepreneur at a yung age has a lt t recmmend it.
“Fr yung peple there is n cncept f thinking utside the bx because there isn’t a bx. There is capacity in yung peple t see things in a different way that lder peple lse. And ften nt being an expert in smething can be helpful because if yu dn’t understand why smething wrks in a certain way yu will decide t d it differently.”
Emma Jnes, funder f Enterprise Natin, the hme business website, said that yung peple were much mre cnfident abut using technlgy as a base fr their business than the lder generatin. “Whle sectrs that didn’t exist ten years ag are cming up nw because yung entrepreneurs are challenging all previus rules and saying technlgy means that we can d things like this. They have an pen capacity t think f new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.”
1．Accrding t Dherty, _______ is the cmpetitive edge f yung peple starting business cmpared with the lder generatin?
A．ignrance f the realityB．naive pursuit f a hbby
C．readiness t try things utD．parents shuldering the financial burden
2．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means yung peple _______.
A．are reluctant t bey the existing rules
B．are nt bund by established ways f ding things
C．have superir ideas t thse f the lder generatin
D．will nt fall int traps that ld peple set up fr them
3．Which f the fllwing statements will Emma Jnes mst likely agree with?
A．Abandning all previus rules is a must t establish new sectrs.
B．As peple grw lder, they are mre pen t take a fresh apprach.
C．Thse lacking cnfidence are less able t start creative businesses.
D．The use f technlgy cntributes t the creatin f new businesses.
4．The purpse f this passage is t _______.
A．infrm readers f success stries f yung entrepreneurs
B．intrduce pinins n the advantages f being yung entrepreneurs
C．discurage yung peple frm taking risks in entrepreneurship
D．prvide specific guidance n hw t becme successful yung entrepreneurs
B
【来源】华东师范大学附属东昌中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月阶段检测
Of Special Interest t Freshman
Freshman Seminars are small classes just fr freshmen, with sme f Yrk's mst distinguished faculty members. Sme seminars prvide an intrductin t a particular field f study; thers take an interdisciplinary apprach t a variety f tpics. All seminars prvided a friendly envirnment fr develping relatinships with faculty members and peers.
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary prgram fcusing n Western civilizatin that includes three yearlng curses -- literature, philsphy, and histrical and plitical thught --in which students read the fundatinal wrks f the Western traditin. Science and EngineeringUndergraduate Research Yrk is ne f the wrld's fremst research universities. Independent engineering research and design prjects and scientific research are an essential part f undergraduate science educatin at Yrk. Science students can begin cnducting riginal research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent f undergraduate science majrs engaged in research with faculty mentrs.
Perspectives n Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussin curse fr abut 75 selected freshmen wh have exceptinally strng backgrunds in science r mathematics. The yearlng curse explres a brad range f tpics, expses students t questins at the frntiers f science, and cnnects the first-year students t Yrk's Scientific cmmunity.
Academic Advising is a cllective effrt by the residential clleges, academic departments and varius ffices cnnccted t Yrk University Dcan's ffice. Students' primaryacadcmic advisrs are their residential cllege deans, t whm they may always turn fr academic and persnal advice. The deans live in residential clleges and supervise the advising netwrks in the cllege. Students als have a freshman advisr. A Yrk faculty member r administratr affiliated with department has a directr f undergraduate studies (DUS)wh can discuss with students the department's curse fferings and requirements fr majrs.
STARS (Science, Technlgy, and Research Schlars) prvides undergraduates f every year with an pprtunity t cmbine rescarch, curse-based study, and devclpment f mentrship skills.The prgram ffers research pprtunities and supprt t students histrically underrepresented in the fields f natural science and quantitative reasning, such as racial and ethnic minrities, wmen, and the physically challenged. Mre than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during their advisees' residential cllege. Each academic the academic year r ver the summer mnths.
5．An African female freshman seeking pprtunities f research is mst likely t chse_
A．Freshman SeminarsB．Directed Studies
C．STARSD．Perspectives n Science and Engineering
6．In which prgram may the science majrs be guided t read Shakespeare's wrks?
A．Academic Advising.B．Directed Studies.
C．STARS.D．Freshman Seminars.
7．Which freshman may have pririty t attend Perspectives n Science and Engineering?
A．The ne wh has already gt a nvel published.
B．A medalist f the Internatinal Mathematical Olympiad.
C．The ne wh has designed an riginal engineering prject.
D．An applicant fr Yrk's Scientific Cmmunity.
C
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考试英语试卷
One f the universe’s mst fascinating wnders is the variability f timekeeping: secnds pass slightly faster n a muntain than in a valley; a free-falling clck n the mn, cmpared t Earth, runs abut 56 micrsecnds faster each day, a small but significant divide ver time. NASA and its internatinal partners are nw wrking t establish a new “time scale” fr the mn, accunting fr these differences, rather than simply creating a lunar time zne.
Humans have lng relied n natural timekeepers like sundials and lunar phases. Hwever, since the appearance f mechanical clcks in the 14th century, precisin has becme vital. Albert Einstein’s theries f relativity further cmplicated timekeeping by revealing that gravity slws time. General relativity explains that massive bjects, like Earth, bend space-time, causing time t pass mre slwly clser t their surface. This phenmenn has been cnfirmed by atmic clcks, which measure time using atmic scillatin (振荡) and tick slwer near Earth’s surface.
T manage these cmplexities, scientists use a glbal netwrk f atmic clcks t create Crdinated Universal Time (UTC), averaging readings t ensure accuracy. Hwever, time behaves even mre unpredictably far frm Earth, where gravity weakens and mtin affects its passage, accrding t Einstein’s special relativity.
Spacecraft already navigate these challenges using nbard scillatrs t maintain their wn time while crrelating with Earth’s UTC． Fr example, missins t Plut r the Kuiper Belt rely n grund statins but als use their wn time scales fr navigatin. GPS satellites, rbiting 12, 550 miles abve Earth, have prvided valuable data by cmparing the atmic clcks t Earth-bund nes, helping scientists refine timekeeping fr lunar missins.
Creating a lunar time scale invlves accurately measuring time n the mn while ensuring it can be related back t Earth time. T achieve precisin, scientists plan t use a netwrk f clcks n the mn, ptentially cmbining atmic clcks fr lng-term stability and crystal scillatrs fr shrt-term accuracy. These clcks culd be placed in lunar rbit r n the surface, with csts ranging frm millins f dllars t hundreds f millins f dllars.
This netwrk will supprt LunaNet, a lunar navigatin and cmmunicatin system similar t Earth’s internet and GPS. Establishing this framewrk requires internatinal cllabratin, with NASA and the Eurpean Space Agency leading effrts. Hwever, gaining agreement frm nn-allied natins remains a challenge.
Precisin timekeeping is crucial nt nly fr scientific understanding but als fr missin infrastructure. By applying lessns frm Earth, scientists aim t create a reliable lunar time scale, paving the way fr future missins t Mars and beynd. As Cheryl Gramling f NASA nted, mastering lunar timekeeping will prepare humanity fr deeper explratin f the slar system.
8．Accrding t the article, why d secnds pass slightly faster n a muntain than in a valley?
A．Because the clser t massive bjects, the strnger gravity’s effect n time is.
B．Because atmic clcks are less accurate when they are near Earth’s surface.
C．Because Earth’s rtatin squeezes gravity mre intensely at lwer altitudes.
D．Because atmspheric pressure extends gravitatinal bending f time at higher altitudes.
9．The authr mentins GPS satellites in paragraph 4 t ________.
A．highlight what the limitatins f atmic clcks in space are
B．argue that GPS technlgy will be directly used fr lunar missins in the future
C．illustrate that lunar timekeeping will be even simpler than the earth’s GPS system
D．give an example f hw timekeeping challenges in space were addressed
10．What challenge may scientists encunter when they set up LunaNet?
A．The accuracy f placing the clcks in lunar rbit.
B．The crrelatin f atmic clcks with crystal scillatrs.
C．The difficulty f reaching an agreement amng all cuntries.
D．The high cst f a lunar navigatin and cmmunicatin system.
11．What des the article suggest abut lunar timekeeping?
A．It is an ultimate gal shared by NASA and its allied natins.
B．It is a significant pursuit but with few practical applicatins.
C．It will establish a lunar time zne different frm that n Earth.
D．It is an imprtant step twards future space explratin.
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考试英语试卷
Hw t lve what yu d
“FIND YOUR PASSION!” This is an inspiring saying, but is it gd advice?
“Finding” a passin implies that it already exists and is simply waiting t be discvered. 12 They ften begin with a spark f curisity abut a subject and later, thrugh a prcess invlving repeated engagement, psitive experiences and increased knwledge, peple cme t persnally value that cntent r activity and internalize it. What was at first interesting becmes an interest. If these qualities cntinue t intensify, a passin can emerge.
In several studies, we and ur clleagues have fund that misunderstanding this idea can discurage peple. Frtunately, ur latest research reveals that there are ways t crrect curse and cultivate a mre pen, accurate perspective abut interest.
T study these ideas, we use a framewrk f “fixed” and grwth mindsets. In schl, thinking f ne’s intellectual abilities as fixed can be harmful, whereas believing ne can develp and grw skills supprts greater learning. 13 Peple wh think interest and passins are relatively unchangeable have a fixed mindset f interest. In cntrast, peple wh view interests and passins as develped have a grwth mindset f interest.
The latter cmes with many advantages. A fixed mindset f interest, fr example, may hld back explratin and creativity. 14 We have als fund that peple with a fixed mindset f interest tend t expect their passins t cme easily t them. Thse with a grwth mindset maintained their new-fund interest despite the difficulty.
S hw can we fster a grwth mindset f interest? Realize that passins aren’t waiting t be “fund. ” Take an active rle in develping them. 15 A grwth mindset will help yu remain pen and curius. The saying “Find smething yu lve t d, and yu’ll never have t wrk a day in yur life” needs updating. If yu wrk at lving what yu d, yu might becme mre creative and resilient.
A．Indulge yur curisities and dn’t expect new pursuits t always be easy r exciting.
B．Students with a grwth mindset ften hld interests in arts, humanities and scial science.
C．Plus, thse with a fixed mindset are less likely than thse with a grwth mindset t generate nvel slutins that integrate different disciplines.
D．Nw, we argue fr a separate but related idea.
E．But science tells us that passins are develped.
F．Think abut yur interests and passins as fixed rather than cultivated.