高考英语二轮-题型之阅读 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-题型之阅读 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）（教师版），共21页。
第一套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷
On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.
The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. “The man was a vulnerable missing persn fficers had been searching fr withut success,” the pst read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cld” area befre being led t safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, yu’re a true her, shwing us that even in retirement, yu can still save lives,” the rganizatin wrte. “Happy Birthday, Bear!”
The Guardian reprted that Bear was n the casual walk that led t the missing man with his wner, Julia Ppe, and “went int wrk mde” during the incident. The dg was in recvery at the time and n his first lng walk since receiving surgery t remve tw harmless tumrs tw weeks prir.
Ppe tld the utlet that Bear “dragged” her t where the missing individual was. “I’m nt sure he wuld have survived the night as it was extremely cld and almst dark at that pint with n ne else nearby,” Ppe said f the lst man she and Bear fund. The man was brught t lcal plice and reunited with his lved nes.
While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice, Bear has been wrking as a wellbeing and supprt dg fr plice staff, reprted The Guardian.
He had anther surgery in the summer f 2023. The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin supprted the dg during the surgery. Thin Blue Paw Trustee Kieran Stanbridge tld The Guardian, “RPD Bear is a true her — his training and instinct kicked in, and he managed t lead his wner, wh is a frmer plice fficer, t the man wh needed urgent help.” Stanbridge cntinued, “Thanks t Bear, the man received the help he needed frm lcal fficers, even in his retirement, he’s still saving lives.”
1．Accrding t the passage, Bear ________.
A．is a retired plice dg which has just undergne an peratin
B．is a serving plice dg whse duty is t rescue the hmeless
C．is supprted by a nn-prfit rganizatin t take n sme paid jbs
D．is adpted by a frmer plice fficer t accmpany and safeguard her
2．The wrd “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mst prbably has the same meaning as “________”.
A．cntent.B．weak.C．curageus.D．reliable.
3．Which f the fllwing can be dne by The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin accrding t the passage?
A．It helps the plice dgs thrughut the cuntry.
B．It pays fr the rescue wrk dne by plice dgs.
C．It prvides financial supprt fr dg adpters.
D．It imprves retired plice fficers’ wellbeing.
4．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A nn-prfit rganizatin spnsrs plice dgs.
B．Bear still enjys acts f herism in his senir years.
C．A missing man was lucky enugh t be rescued.
D．Retired plice dgs’ surgery impacts their wellbeing.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了退役警犬Bear在术后首次长时间散步时发现并救助失踪人员的事迹，同时介绍了支持警犬的非营利组织Thin Blue Paw Fundatin。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat(11月28日，这只12岁名叫Bear的德国牧羊犬在术后首次长时间散步，作为生日犒赏)” 以及倒数第二段 “While he is retired frm active duty with the Sussex plice(它已从苏塞克斯警方退役)”可知，Bear 是一只刚经历手术且已退役的警犬。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide, said the lst man was “cnfused, wet, and cld, and unable t get up” when the retired plice dg came acrss him. (这家非营利组织的使命是为全国现役及退役警犬提供支持。该组织称，当这只退役警犬发现那名失踪男子时，他‘神志不清、浑身湿透、冻得发抖，而且无法起身’)”可知，这些描述体现出该失踪男子的状况不佳，很虚弱，划线词vulnerable意为“虚弱的”，与weak意思一致。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段 “The nnprfit, whse missin is t supprt serving and retired plice dgs natinwide(非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Fundatin的使命是支持全国范围内现役和退役的警犬)” 可知，The Thin Blue Paw Fundatin帮助全国的警犬。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On Nv. 28, the 12-year-ld German shepherd named Bear was ut fr his first lng walk fllwing surgery as a birthday treat when he ran int a missing persn in need f help in “dense undergrwth” near his walking path, accrding t a scial media pst frm the nnprfit rganizatin Thin Blue Paw Fundatin.( 据非营利组织 Thin Blue Paw Fundatin在社交媒体上发布的消息，11月28日，这只12岁的德国牧羊犬贝尔（Bear）在接受手术后首次进行长时间散步，当作给自己的生日犒赏。就在这时，它在散步路径附近的 “茂密灌木丛” 中遇到了一名需要帮助的失踪人员)”结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了12岁退役警犬Bear在术后散步时意外救下一名失踪者的故事，选项B“Bear在暮年仍有英雄之举”全面概括主题。故选B。
B
【来源】上海市静安区上海市风华中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考英语试卷
What is IBRANCE?
IBRANCE is a prescriptin medicine used t treat HR+ and HER2- breast cancer that has spread t ther parts f the bdy.
Imprtant Safety Infrmatin fr Patients
Befre yu take TBRANCE, tell yur dctr if yu:
 have fever, chills, r any ther signs r symptms f infectin
 have liver r kidney prblems
 have any ther medical cnditins
 are pregnant r plan t becme pregnant: IBRANCE can harm yur unbrn baby.
IBRANCE may cause serius side effects, including:
Lw white bld cell cunts. If yu develp lw white bld cell cunts during treatment with IBRANCE yur dctr may stp yur treatment, decrease yur dse, r may tell yu t wait t begin yur treatment cycle. Tell yur dctr right away if yu have signs and symptms f lw white bld cell cunts r infectins such as fever and chills.
Cmmn side effects f IBRANCE include:
 lw red bld cell cunts
 tiredness
 dizziness
 bleeding r getting hurt mre easily
 shrtness f breath
 sre muth
 nse bleeds
 infectins
 hair thinning r hair lss
 lss f appetite
IBRANCE may cause fertility prblems in males. This may affect yur ability t father a child. Talk t yur dctr if this is a cncern fr yu.
These are nt all f the pssible side effects f IBRANCE. Fr mre infrmatin, ask yur dctr. Tell yur dctr if yu have any side effect that bthers yu r des nt g away. Tell yur dctr abut all f the medicines yu take, including prescriptin and ver-the-cunter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. IBRANCE and ther medicines may affect each ther, causing side effects.
D nt drink grapefruit juice r eat grapefruit prducts while taking IBRANCE as they may increase the amunt f IBRANCE in yur bld.
Tell yur dctr if yu start a new medicine. Take IBRANCE exactly as yur dctr tells yu.
If yu take t much IBRANCE, call yur dctr right away r g t the nearest hspital emergency rm.
Yu are encuraged t reprt negative side effects f prescriptin drugs t the FDA．Visit r call 1-800-1088. Can’t affrd yur medicatin? Pfizer may be able t help. Visit IBRANCE.cm.
5．What will NOT the dctr d if yu are fund t be suffering frm lw white bld cell cunts?
A．Stp yu frm taking IBRANCE.
B．Give yu less IBRANCE pills.
C．Suspend yur current treatment cycle.
D．Check all the medicines yu are taking nw.
6．What may nt be caused by IBRANCE?
A．Lw red bld cell cunts.
B．Liver r kidney prblems.
C．Bleeding nses.
D．Muth pains.
7．Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．Treatment with IBRANCE is really expensive, s nly rich peple can affrd this treatment.
B．It is all right if ne has frgtten t take IBRANCE tday. Duble the amunt t be taken tmrrw.
C．If a male wants t becme a father in the near future, he shuld stp taking IBRANCE.
D．One can eat whatever they want during treatment with IBRANCE.
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了关于IBRANCE药物的用途、重要安全信息、可能的副作用及使用注意事项等详细内容。
5．细节理解题。根据“IBRANCE may cause serius side effects, including(IBRANCE可能导致以下严重副作用)”部分的句子“If yu develp lw white bld cell cunts during treatment with IBRANCE yur dctr may stp yur treatment, decrease yur dse, r may tell yu t wait t begin yur treatment cycle.(如果在IBRANCE治疗期间出现低白细胞计数，医生可能会停止治疗、减少剂量，或者告诉你等待开始下一个治疗周期。)”可知，选项A(阻止你使用IBRANCE)和选项B(给你较少的IBRANCE药片)在原文中都有提到。选项C(暂停你当前的治疗周期)也在原文中提到。而选项D(检查你目前正在服用的所有药物)在原文中没有提到作为应对低白细胞计数的措施。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据“Befre yu take TBRANCE, tell yur dctr if yu(在服用IBRANCE前，若存在以下情况请告知您的医生)”部分的句子“have liver r kidney prblems(肝脏或肾脏有问题)”可知，“肝或肾问题”在原文中提到是在服用IBRANCE之前需要告知医生的情况，而不是由IBRANCE引起的副作用。而故“Cmmn side effects f IBRANCE include(IBRANCE的常见副作用包括)”部分提到了选项A中的“lw red bld cell cunts(低红细胞计数)”、选项C中的“nse bleeds(鼻出血)”和选项D中的“sre muth(口腔疼痛)”。选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第六段的句子“IBRANCE may cause fertility prblems in males. This may affect yur ability t father a child.(IBRANCE可能导致男性生育问题，影响生育能力)”可知，如果男性计划要孩子，他应该停止服用IBRANCE。故选C项。
C
【来源】华东师范大学附属东昌中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月阶段检测
Why isn’t science better? Lk at carcer incentives (激励).
There are ften substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versins f thse peple whse wrk invlves prviding a scial gd. Gvernment fficials are suppsed t wrk fr their vters. Jurnalists are suppsed t prvide unbiased reprting and insightful analysis. And scientists are suppsed t study the fabric f reality with the mst strict and skeptical f methds.
All t ften, hwever, what shuld be just isn’t s. In a number f scientific fields, published findings turn ut nt t replicate (复制), r t have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty f science des replicate — meaning the experiments turn ut the same way when yu repeat them — but the amunt that desn’t is t much fr cmfrt.
But there are als ways in which scientists increase their chances f getting it wrng. Running studies with small samples, mining data fr crrelatins and frming hyptheses t fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just sme f the ways t increase the number f false discveries.
It’s nt like we dn’t knw hw t d better. Scientists wh study scientific methds have knwn abut feasible remedies fr decades. Unfrtunately, their advice ften falls n deaf cars. Why? Why aren’t scientific methds better than they are? In a wrd: incentives. But perhaps nt in the way yu think.
In the 1970s, psychlgists and ecnmists began t pint ut the danger in relying n quantitative measures fr scial decisin-making. Fr example, when public schls are evaluated by students’ perfrmance n standardized tests, teachers respnd by teaching “t the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as f hw well the schl can prepare students fr the test.
Science is a cmpetitive enterprise. There are far mre credentialed (授以证书的) schlars and researchers than there are university prfessrships r cmparably prestigius research psitins. Due t this cmpetitin fr resurces, scientists must be evaluated and cmpared. Hw d yu tell if smene is a gd scientist?
An ft-used metric (度量标准) is the number f publicatins ne has in peer-reviewed jurnals, as well as the status f thse jurnals. Metrics like these make it straightfrward t cmpare researchers whse wrk may therwise be quite different. Unfrtunately, this als makes these numbers susceptible (易受影响的) t explitatin. If scientists are mtivated t publish ften and in high-impact jurnals, we might expect them t actively try t game the system (钻空子).
Hwever, mst scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning abut the wrld, and hnest. The prblem with incentives is that they can shape cultural nrms withut any intentin n the part f individuals.
8．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Scientists are expected t be devted t explring reality.
B．The research findings fail t achieve the expected effect.
C．Hyptheses are mdified t highlight the experiments’ results.
D．The amunt f science that des replicate is cmfrting.
9．What des deaf ears in the furth paragraph prbably refer t?
A．The public.B．The incentive initiatrs.
C．The peer researchers.D．The high-impact jurnal editrs.
10．Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A．Gd scientists excel in seeking resurces and securing research psitins.
B．Cmpetitin fr resurces pushes researchers t publish in a mre prductive way.
C．All the credentialed schlars and researchers will take up university prfessrships.
D．The number f publicatin reveals hw scientists are bitterly explited.
11．Accrding t the authr, what might be a remedy fr the fundamental prblem in scientific research?
A．High-impact jurnals are encuraged t refrm the incentives fr publicatin.
B．The peer-review prcess is suppsed t scale up inspectin f scientific fraud.
C．Researchers are mtivated t get actively invlved in gaming the current system.
D．Career incentives fr scientists are expected t cnsider their persnal intentin.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构。作者认为但是科学未能发展的更好的原因在于激励。大多数科学家对了解世界真的很感兴趣，而且是诚实的。激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下塑造文化规范。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“And scientists are suppsed t relentlessly prbe the fabric f reality with the mst rigrus and skeptical f methds.(科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构)”以及最后一段的“Hwever, mst scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning abut the wrld, and hnest.(然而，我相信大多数科学家对了解世界是真正感兴趣的，也是诚实的)”可知，总体上来说，科学家们一直致力于对现实的探索。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s nt like we dn’t knw hw t d better. Scientists wh study scientific methds have knwn abut feasible remedies fr decades. Unfrtunately, their advice ften falls n deaf cars.(并不是说我们不知道如何做得更好。研究科学方法的科学家已经知道可行的补救方法几十年了。不幸的是，他们的建议经常被置若罔闻)”可推知，deaf ears指的是大众，即大众经常对科学家的建议置若罔闻。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Due t this cmpetitin fr resurces, scientists must be evaluated and cmpared. Hw d yu tell if smene is a gd scientist?(由于这种资源竞争，必须对科学家进行评估和比较。你如何判断一个人是否是一名优秀的科学家？)”和倒数第二段“An ft-used metric (度量标准) is the number f publicatins ne has in peer-reviewed jurnals, as well as the status f thse jurnals. Metrics like these make it straightfrward t cmpare researchers whse wrk may therwise be quite different.(一个常用的指标是一个人在同行评议期刊上发表的文章数量，以及这些期刊的地位。像这样的指标可以直接比较研究人员，否则他们的工作可能会有很大的不同)”推知，作者认为资源竞争促使研究人员以更有成效的方式发表文章。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prblem with incentives is that they can shape cultural nrms withut any intentin n the part f individuals.(激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下塑造文化规范)”可知，作者认为对于科学家的职业激励应该考虑他们的个人意愿。故选D。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
AI can predict tipping pints
Tipping pints, als knwn as critical transitins, are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything frm the behaviur f financial markets and the spread f disease t the extinctin f species. The financial crisis f 2007-09 is ften described as ne. The real trick, therefre, is t spt them befre they happen. But that is fiendishly difficult.
12 In a study published in the jurnal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the nset f tipping pints in cmplicated systems with the help f machine-learning algrithms.
T simplify their calculatins, the team reduced all such prblems t nes taking place within a large netwrk f interacting ndes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, fr example, a nde might represent a single cmpany, and a nde in an ecsystem culd stand fr a species. The team then designed tw artificial neural netwrks t analyze such systems. The first was ptimized t track the cnnectins between different ndes. 13
T train their mdel, the team needed examples f critical transitins fr which lts f data were available. These are hard t find in the real wrld, because they are s hard t predict. 14 One was the s-called Kuramt mdel f synchrnised scillatrs (同步振荡器). Anther was a mdel ecsystem used by scientists t simulate abrupt changes. When the researchers were happy that their algrithms culd predict critical transitins in these systems, they applied them t real-wrld prblems.
Like with many AI systems, nly the algrithm knws what specific features and patterns it identifies t make these predictins. 15 That culd help imprve the algrithm further, and allw better predictins f everything frm infectius utbreaks t the next stckmarket crash. Just hw imprtant a mment this is, thugh, remains difficult t predict.
A．The details f their transfrmatin remain mysterius.
B．The ther was hw individual ndes changed ver time.
C．Researchers say they have brken new grund in the mathematical field.
D．Cmputer scientists in China nw shw that artificial intelligence (AI) can help.
E．Gang Yan, the paper’s lead authr, says his team are nw trying t discver exactly what they are.
F．Instead, the researchers turned t simplified theretical systems in which tipping pints are knwn t ccur.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．F 15．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何利用人工智能和机器学习算法来预测复杂系统中的临界点。
12．根据上文“But that is fiendishly difficult.(预测临界点非常困难)”可知，预测临界点非常困难。根据下文“In a study published in the jurnal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the nset f tipping pints in cmplicated systems with the help f machine-learning algrithms.(在《物理评论X》期刊上发表的一项研究中，研究人员借助机器学习算法准确预测了复杂系统中临界点的出现)”可知，中国计算机科学家发现人工智能（AI）可以帮助预测临界点。D选项“Cmputer scientists in China nw shw that artificial intelligence (AI) can help.( 中国的计算机科学家现在表明，人工智能（AI）可以提供帮助)”指出面对预测临界值非常困难的问题，中国计算机科学家指出可以使用AI智能提供帮助，同时选项中的artificial intelligence (AI) can help与下文表述信息一致，承上启下。故选D。
13．根据上文“The team then designed tw artificial neural netwrks t analyze such systems. The first was ptimized t track the cnnectins between different ndes.(该团队随后设计了两个人工神经网络来分析这些系统。第一个被优化为跟踪不同节点之间的连接)”可知，此处强调团队设计了两个人工神经网络来分析这样的系统，第一个是为了追踪不同节点之间的联系而优化的。B选项“The ther was hw individual ndes changed ver time. (另一个是单个节点如何随时间变化)” 讲第二个神经网络的作用，同时B项中的the ther与上文中的the first相对应，且B项说的是第二个神经网络是如何追踪单个节点随时间变化的，符合语境，故选B。
14．根据上文“T train their mdel, the team needed examples f critical transitins fr which lts f data were available. These are hard t find in the real wrld, because they are s hard t predict.(为了训练他们的模型，团队需要关键转变的例子，这些例子需要大量可用的数据。这些在现实世界中很难找到，因为它们很难预测)”可知，此处强调为了训练他们的模型，团队需要临界转变的例子，而这些例子在现实世界中很难找到，因为它们很难预测；同时根据下文“One was the s-called Kuramt mdel f synchrnised scillatrs (同步振荡器). Anther was a mdel ecsystem used by scientists t simulate abrupt changes.(一个是所谓的库拉莫托同步振荡器模型。另一个是科学家用来模拟突变的模型生态系统)”说明研究人员转向简化的理论系统。F选项“Instead, the researchers turned t simplified theretical systems in which tipping pints are knwn t ccur.(相反，研究人员转向简化的理论系统，其中已知会发生临界点)”中的Instead表示转折，说明研究人员没有在现实世界中找例子，而是转向简化的理论系统，与下文一致，故选F。
15．根据上文“Like with many AI systems, nly the algrithm knws what specific features and patterns it identifies t make these predictins.(就像许多人工智能系统一样，只有算法知道它识别出哪些特定的特征和模式来进行这些预测)”可知，只有算法知道它是如何做出预测的，空格处承上启下，下文“That culd help imprve the algrithm further, and allw better predictins f everything frm infectius utbreaks t the next stckmarket crash.(这可以进一步帮助改进算法，并允许更好地预测从传染病爆发到下一次股市崩盘的一切)”中的That指代E项中的what they are，且E项中的discver exactly what they are与上文中的knws what specific features and patterns it identifies相对应，故选E。
第二套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海市上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语3月月考英语试题
At 14, Fraser Dherty was busy making jam after his grandparents taught him a family recipe. He started selling jars f his jam dr t dr near his parents’ hme in Edinburgh. As interest grew, his hbby stated t turn int a business. He nw makes 40, 000 jars f jam a mnth and is well n his way t making his first millin.
Dherty, wh has been chsen t represent Britain in the Glbal Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicag next mnth, said there are several advantages t having started yung: “As a yung persn yu have a different view f the wrld. Yu have a naivety and an ptimism and are willing t give things a sht. The dwnside fr me isn’t particularly scary. I dn’t have a mrtgage r kids t wrry abut s I didn’t have a huge amunt t lse if my idea had nt wrked.”
Duncan Cheatle, funder f The Supper Club, a frum fr established entrepreneurs in Lndn, agreed that becming an entrepreneur at a yung age has a lt t recmmend it.
“Fr yung peple there is n cncept f thinking utside the bx because there isn’t a bx. There is capacity in yung peple t see things in a different way that lder peple lse. And ften nt being an expert in smething can be helpful because if yu dn’t understand why smething wrks in a certain way yu will decide t d it differently.”
Emma Jnes, funder f Enterprise Natin, the hme business website, said that yung peple were much mre cnfident abut using technlgy as a base fr their business than the lder generatin. “Whle sectrs that didn’t exist ten years ag are cming up nw because yung entrepreneurs are challenging all previus rules and saying technlgy means that we can d things like this. They have an pen capacity t think f new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.”
1．Accrding t Dherty, _______ is the cmpetitive edge f yung peple starting business cmpared with the lder generatin?
A．ignrance f the realityB．naive pursuit f a hbby
C．readiness t try things utD．parents shuldering the financial burden
2．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means yung peple _______.
A．are reluctant t bey the existing rules
B．are nt bund by established ways f ding things
C．have superir ideas t thse f the lder generatin
D．will nt fall int traps that ld peple set up fr them
3．Which f the fllwing statements will Emma Jnes mst likely agree with?
A．Abandning all previus rules is a must t establish new sectrs.
B．As peple grw lder, they are mre pen t take a fresh apprach.
C．Thse lacking cnfidence are less able t start creative businesses.
D．The use f technlgy cntributes t the creatin f new businesses.
4．The purpse f this passage is t _______.
A．infrm readers f success stries f yung entrepreneurs
B．intrduce pinins n the advantages f being yung entrepreneurs
C．discurage yung peple frm taking risks in entrepreneurship
D．prvide specific guidance n hw t becme successful yung entrepreneurs
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述年轻企业家的观点和优势。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dherty, wh has been chsen t represent Britain in the Glbal Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicag next mnth, said there are several advantages t having started yung: “As a yung persn yu have a different view f the wrld. Yu have a naivety and an ptimism and are willing t give things a sht. (Dherty被选中代表英国参加下个月在芝加哥举行的全球学生企业家奖。他说他从小的时候开始就有几个优点：“作为一个年轻人，你对世界有不同的看法。你天真乐观，愿意试一试。”)”可知，Dherty认为年轻人愿意尝试。所以Dherty认为与老一辈相比，愿意尝试是年轻人创业的竞争优势。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“There is capacity in yung peple t see things in a different way that lder peple lse. And ften nt being an expert in smething can be helpful because if yu dn’t understand why smething wrks in a certain way, yu will decide t d it differently. (年轻人有能力以老年人失去的不同方式看待事物。通常不是某事物的专家会对你有所帮助，因为如果你不明白为什么某件事以某种方式工作，你将决定以不同的方式做。)”可知，年轻人会以不同的方式看待问题，他们不认为专家的建议和既定的做事方式就是有帮助的。故推知“Fr yung peple there is n cncept f thinking utside the bx because there isn’t a bx.表示年轻人“不受既定做事方式的束缚”，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Emma Jnes, funder f Enterprise Natin, the hme business website, said that yung peple were much mre cnfident abut using technlgy as a base fr their business than the lder generatin. “Whle sectrs that didn’t exist ten years ag are cming up nw because yung entrepreneurs are challenging all previus rules and saying technlgy means that we can d things like this. They have an pen capacity t think f new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.” (家庭商业网站Enterprise Natin的创始人Emma Jnes表示，年轻人比老一辈人更有信心使用科技作为其业务的基础。“十年前不存在的整个行业现在正在出现，因为年轻的企业家正在挑战以前的所有规则，并说科技意味着我们可以做这样的事情。他们有一种开放的能力来思考新的想法，因此他们开始了非常有趣的业务。)”可知，Emma认为年轻人通过科技拓展新业务。故推知Emma同意“使用科技有助于创建新业务”这一观点，故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dherty, wh has been chsen t represent Britain in the Glbal Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicag next mnth, said there are several advantages t having started yung: “As a yung persn yu have a different view f the wrld. Yu have a naivety and an ptimism and are willing t give things a sht. (Dherty被选中代表英国参加下个月在芝加哥举行的全球学生企业家奖。他说他从小的时候开始就有几个优点：“作为一个年轻人，你对世界有不同的看法。你天真乐观，愿意试一试。”)”及第四段“There is capacity in yung peple t see things in a different way that lder peple lse. And ften nt being an expert in smething can be helpful because if yu dn’t understand why smething wrks in a certain way, yu will decide t d it differently. (年轻人有能力以老年人失去的不同方式看待事物。通常不是某事物的专家会对你有所帮助，因为如果你不明白为什么某件事以某种方式工作，你将决定以不同的方式做。)”及最后一段““Whle sectrs that didn’t exist ten years ag are cming up nw because yung entrepreneurs are challenging all previus rules and saying technlgy means that we can d things like this. They have an pen capacity t think f new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses. (十年前不存在的整个行业现在正在出现，因为年轻的企业家正在挑战以前的所有规则，并说科技意味着我们可以做这样的事情。他们有一种开放的能力来思考新的想法，因此他们开始了非常有趣的业务。)”可知，文章主要介绍成为年轻企业家的观点和优势。故选B。
B
【来源】华东师范大学附属东昌中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月阶段检测
Of Special Interest t Freshman
Freshman Seminars are small classes just fr freshmen, with sme f Yrk's mst distinguished faculty members. Sme seminars prvide an intrductin t a particular field f study; thers take an interdisciplinary apprach t a variety f tpics. All seminars prvided a friendly envirnment fr develping relatinships with faculty members and peers.
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary prgram fcusing n Western civilizatin that includes three yearlng curses -- literature, philsphy, and histrical and plitical thught --in which students read the fundatinal wrks f the Western traditin. Science and EngineeringUndergraduate Research Yrk is ne f the wrld's fremst research universities. Independent engineering research and design prjects and scientific research are an essential part f undergraduate science educatin at Yrk. Science students can begin cnducting riginal research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent f undergraduate science majrs engaged in research with faculty mentrs.
Perspectives n Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussin curse fr abut 75 selected freshmen wh have exceptinally strng backgrunds in science r mathematics. The yearlng curse explres a brad range f tpics, expses students t questins at the frntiers f science, and cnnects the first-year students t Yrk's Scientific cmmunity.
Academic Advising is a cllective effrt by the residential clleges, academic departments and varius ffices cnnccted t Yrk University Dcan's ffice. Students' primaryacadcmic advisrs are their residential cllege deans, t whm they may always turn fr academic and persnal advice. The deans live in residential clleges and supervise the advising netwrks in the cllege. Students als have a freshman advisr. A Yrk faculty member r administratr affiliated with department has a directr f undergraduate studies (DUS)wh can discuss with students the department's curse fferings and requirements fr majrs.
STARS (Science, Technlgy, and Research Schlars) prvides undergraduates f every year with an pprtunity t cmbine rescarch, curse-based study, and devclpment f mentrship skills.The prgram ffers research pprtunities and supprt t students histrically underrepresented in the fields f natural science and quantitative reasning, such as racial and ethnic minrities, wmen, and the physically challenged. Mre than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during their advisees' residential cllege. Each academic the academic year r ver the summer mnths.
5．An African female freshman seeking pprtunities f research is mst likely t chse_
A．Freshman SeminarsB．Directed Studies
C．STARSD．Perspectives n Science and Engineering
6．In which prgram may the science majrs be guided t read Shakespeare's wrks?
A．Academic Advising.B．Directed Studies.
C．STARS.D．Freshman Seminars.
7．Which freshman may have pririty t attend Perspectives n Science and Engineering?
A．The ne wh has already gt a nvel published.
B．A medalist f the Internatinal Mathematical Olympiad.
C．The ne wh has designed an riginal engineering prject.
D．An applicant fr Yrk's Scientific Cmmunity.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B
【导语】本篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些为大学新生提供几个的项目。
5．细节理解题。根据文章STARS (Science, Technlgy, and Research Schlars)部分“The prgram ffers research pprtunities and supprt t students histrically underrepresented in the fields f natural science and quantitative reasning, such as racial and ethnic minrities, wmen, and the physically challenged.(该项目为历史上在自然科学和定量推理领域代表不足的学生提供研究机会和支持，如种族和少数民族、女性和身体残疾者。)”可知，非洲女新生想要研究机会的可以选择此项目，故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章Directed Studies部分“Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary prgram fcusing n Western civilizatin that includes three yearlng curses -- literature, philsphy, and histrical and plitical thught --in which students read the fundatinal wrks f the Western traditin.( Directed Studies是一个选择性的大一跨学科项目，专注于西方文明，包括为期三年的文学、哲学、历史和政治思想课程，学生在其中阅读西方传统的基础著作。)”可知，该项目让学生读西方传统著作，且它是一个跨学科项目，故该项目会让专业是科学的学生阅读莎士比亚的著作，故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章Perspectives n Science and Engineering部分“Perspectives n Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussin curse fr abut 75 selected freshmen wh have exceptinally strng backgrunds in science r mathematics.( Perspectives n Science and Engineering是一门讲座和讨论课程，面向75名在科学或数学方面具有特别强背景的选定新生。)”可知，该项目面向的是在科学或数学方面具有特别强背景的新生，故在互联网奥林匹克数学竞赛的奖牌获得者可以优先选择该项目，故选B。
C
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考试英语试卷
One f the universe’s mst fascinating wnders is the variability f timekeeping: secnds pass slightly faster n a muntain than in a valley; a free-falling clck n the mn, cmpared t Earth, runs abut 56 micrsecnds faster each day, a small but significant divide ver time. NASA and its internatinal partners are nw wrking t establish a new “time scale” fr the mn, accunting fr these differences, rather than simply creating a lunar time zne.
Humans have lng relied n natural timekeepers like sundials and lunar phases. Hwever, since the appearance f mechanical clcks in the 14th century, precisin has becme vital. Albert Einstein’s theries f relativity further cmplicated timekeeping by revealing that gravity slws time. General relativity explains that massive bjects, like Earth, bend space-time, causing time t pass mre slwly clser t their surface. This phenmenn has been cnfirmed by atmic clcks, which measure time using atmic scillatin (振荡) and tick slwer near Earth’s surface.
T manage these cmplexities, scientists use a glbal netwrk f atmic clcks t create Crdinated Universal Time (UTC), averaging readings t ensure accuracy. Hwever, time behaves even mre unpredictably far frm Earth, where gravity weakens and mtin affects its passage, accrding t Einstein’s special relativity.
Spacecraft already navigate these challenges using nbard scillatrs t maintain their wn time while crrelating with Earth’s UTC． Fr example, missins t Plut r the Kuiper Belt rely n grund statins but als use their wn time scales fr navigatin. GPS satellites, rbiting 12, 550 miles abve Earth, have prvided valuable data by cmparing the atmic clcks t Earth-bund nes, helping scientists refine timekeeping fr lunar missins.
Creating a lunar time scale invlves accurately measuring time n the mn while ensuring it can be related back t Earth time. T achieve precisin, scientists plan t use a netwrk f clcks n the mn, ptentially cmbining atmic clcks fr lng-term stability and crystal scillatrs fr shrt-term accuracy. These clcks culd be placed in lunar rbit r n the surface, with csts ranging frm millins f dllars t hundreds f millins f dllars.
This netwrk will supprt LunaNet, a lunar navigatin and cmmunicatin system similar t Earth’s internet and GPS. Establishing this framewrk requires internatinal cllabratin, with NASA and the Eurpean Space Agency leading effrts. Hwever, gaining agreement frm nn-allied natins remains a challenge.
Precisin timekeeping is crucial nt nly fr scientific understanding but als fr missin infrastructure. By applying lessns frm Earth, scientists aim t create a reliable lunar time scale, paving the way fr future missins t Mars and beynd. As Cheryl Gramling f NASA nted, mastering lunar timekeeping will prepare humanity fr deeper explratin f the slar system.
8．Accrding t the article, why d secnds pass slightly faster n a muntain than in a valley?
A．Because the clser t massive bjects, the strnger gravity’s effect n time is.
B．Because atmic clcks are less accurate when they are near Earth’s surface.
C．Because Earth’s rtatin squeezes gravity mre intensely at lwer altitudes.
D．Because atmspheric pressure extends gravitatinal bending f time at higher altitudes.
9．The authr mentins GPS satellites in paragraph 4 t ________.
A．highlight what the limitatins f atmic clcks in space are
B．argue that GPS technlgy will be directly used fr lunar missins in the future
C．illustrate that lunar timekeeping will be even simpler than the earth’s GPS system
D．give an example f hw timekeeping challenges in space were addressed
10．What challenge may scientists encunter when they set up LunaNet?
A．The accuracy f placing the clcks in lunar rbit.
B．The crrelatin f atmic clcks with crystal scillatrs.
C．The difficulty f reaching an agreement amng all cuntries.
D．The high cst f a lunar navigatin and cmmunicatin system.
11．What des the article suggest abut lunar timekeeping?
A．It is an ultimate gal shared by NASA and its allied natins.
B．It is a significant pursuit but with few practical applicatins.
C．It will establish a lunar time zne different frm that n Earth.
D．It is an imprtant step twards future space explratin.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家们如何应对时间在宇宙中的变化，特别是为月球建立新的时间尺度，以支持未来的太空探索任务。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Albert Einstein’s theries f relativity further cmplicated timekeeping by revealing that gravity slws time.General relativity explains that massive bjects, like Earth, bend space-time, causing time t pass mre slwly clser t their surface.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的相对论揭示了重力会减慢时间，从而使计时变得更加复杂。广义相对论解释，像地球这样的大质量物体会弯曲时空，导致时间在其表面附近流逝得更慢)”可知，靠近大质量物体时，重力对时间的影响更强，因此山谷中的时间比山顶流逝得更慢。选项A（因为越靠近大质量物体，重力对时间的影响越强）符合文意，故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“GPS satellites, rbiting 12, 550 miles abve Earth, have prvided valuable data by cmparing the atmic clcks t Earth-bund nes, helping scientists refine timekeeping fr lunar missins.(GPS卫星在地球上空12,550英里处运行，通过将原子钟与地球上的原子钟进行比较，提供了宝贵的数据，帮助科学家改进月球任务的时间测量)”可知，作者提到GPS卫星是为了举例说明如何在太空中应对时间测量的挑战。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段“Establishing this framewrk requires internatinal cllabratin, with NASA and the Eurpean Space Agency leading effrts. Hwever, gaining agreement frm nn-allied natins remains a challenge.(建立这一框架需要国际合作，由NASA和欧洲航天局牵头。然而，获得非盟国的同意仍然是一个挑战)”可知，科学家在建立LunaNet时可能遇到的挑战是难以达成国际共识。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Precisin timekeeping is crucial nt nly fr scientific understanding but als fr missin infrastructure. By applying lessns frm Earth, scientists aim t create a reliable lunar time scale, paving the way fr future missins t Mars and beynd.(精确的时间测量不仅对科学理解至关重要，对任务基础设施也至关重要。通过应用地球上的经验，科学家们旨在创建一个可靠的月球时间尺度，为未来火星及更远的任务铺平道路)”可知，月球时间测量是未来太空探索的重要一步。故选D。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月考试英语试卷
Hw t lve what yu d
“FIND YOUR PASSION!” This is an inspiring saying, but is it gd advice?
“Finding” a passin implies that it already exists and is simply waiting t be discvered. 12 They ften begin with a spark f curisity abut a subject and later, thrugh a prcess invlving repeated engagement, psitive experiences and increased knwledge, peple cme t persnally value that cntent r activity and internalize it. What was at first interesting becmes an interest. If these qualities cntinue t intensify, a passin can emerge.
In several studies, we and ur clleagues have fund that misunderstanding this idea can discurage peple. Frtunately, ur latest research reveals that there are ways t crrect curse and cultivate a mre pen, accurate perspective abut interest.
T study these ideas, we use a framewrk f “fixed” and grwth mindsets. In schl, thinking f ne’s intellectual abilities as fixed can be harmful, whereas believing ne can develp and grw skills supprts greater learning. 13 Peple wh think interest and passins are relatively unchangeable have a fixed mindset f interest. In cntrast, peple wh view interests and passins as develped have a grwth mindset f interest.
The latter cmes with many advantages. A fixed mindset f interest, fr example, may hld back explratin and creativity. 14 We have als fund that peple with a fixed mindset f interest tend t expect their passins t cme easily t them. Thse with a grwth mindset maintained their new-fund interest despite the difficulty.
S hw can we fster a grwth mindset f interest? Realize that passins aren’t waiting t be “fund. ” Take an active rle in develping them. 15 A grwth mindset will help yu remain pen and curius. The saying “Find smething yu lve t d, and yu’ll never have t wrk a day in yur life” needs updating. If yu wrk at lving what yu d, yu might becme mre creative and resilient.
A．Indulge yur curisities and dn’t expect new pursuits t always be easy r exciting.
B．Students with a grwth mindset ften hld interests in arts, humanities and scial science.
C．Plus, thse with a fixed mindset are less likely than thse with a grwth mindset t generate nvel slutins that integrate different disciplines.
D．Nw, we argue fr a separate but related idea.
E．But science tells us that passins are develped.
F．Think abut yur interests and passins as fixed rather than cultivated.
【答案】12．E 13．D 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了“找到激情”这一观点，指出激情并非天生，而是可以通过努力和培养来发展的。
12．根据上文““Finding” a passin implies that it already exists and is simply waiting t be discvered. (“找到”激情意味着它已经存在，只是在等待被发现)”以及后文“They ften begin with a spark f curisity abut a subject and later, thrugh a prcess invlving repeated engagement, psitive experiences and increased knwledge, peple cme t persnally value that cntent r activity and internalize it. What was at first interesting becmes an interest. If these qualities cntinue t intensify, a passin can emerge. (他们通常从对一个主题的好奇开始，后来，通过一个过程，包括反复参与，积极的经历和增加的知识，人们个人开始重视内容或活动，并将其内化。起初有趣的事情变成了一种兴趣。如果这些品质持续增强，激情就会浮现。)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，上文提到激情天然已经存在，后文则说明激情是一个探索的过程，故E选项“但是科学告诉我们，激情是培养出来的。”符合语境，故选E。
13．根据上文“T study these ideas, we use a framewrk f “fixed” and grwth mindsets. In schl, thinking f ne’s intellectual abilities as fixed can be harmful, whereas believing ne can develp and grw skills supprts greater learning. (为了研究这些想法，我们使用了“固定”和成长型思维模式的框架。在学校里，认为一个人的智力是固定的可能是有害的，而相信一个人可以发展和增长技能有助于更好的学习。)”以及后文“Peple wh think interest and passins are relatively unchangeable have a fixed mindset f interest. In cntrast, peple wh view interests and passins as develped have a grwth mindset f interest. (那些认为兴趣和激情是相对不可改变的人有一种固定的兴趣心态。相反，那些认为兴趣和激情是成熟的人有一种兴趣成长心态。)”可知，上文提到“认为一个人的智力是固定的可能是有害的，而相信一个人可以发展和增长技能有助于更好的学习”，本句为过渡句，引出后文关于兴趣和激情关系的观点。故D选项“现在，我们争论一个独立但相关的观点。”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“The latter cmes with many advantages. A fixed mindset f interest, fr example, may hld back explratin and creativity. (后者有很多优点。例如，固定的兴趣心态可能会阻碍探索和创造力。)”以及后文“We have als fund that peple with a fixed mindset f interest tend t expect their passins t cme easily t them. Thse with a grwth mindset maintained their new-fund interest despite the difficulty. (我们还发现，有固定兴趣心态的人倾向于期望他们的激情来得容易。那些拥有成长型思维模式的人，尽管困难重重，仍然保持着他们新发现的兴趣。)”可知，本句主要是针对固定心态和成长性心态进行对比，故C选项“另外，固定心态的人比成长型心态的人更不可能产生整合不同学科的新颖解决方案。”符合语境，故选C。
15．根据上文“S hw can we fster a grwth mindset f interest? Realize that passins aren’t waiting t be “fund. ” Take an active rle in develping them. (那么，我们如何培养兴趣的成长心态呢？要意识到激情不是等着被“发现”的。在发展这些方面发挥积极作用。)”以及后文“A grwth mindset will help yu remain pen and curius. (成长型心态会帮助你保持开放和好奇。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明如何培养激情的具体方式与保持开放和好奇有关。故A选项“满足你的好奇心，不要期望新的追求总是容易或令人兴奋的。”符合语境，故选A。