上海高考英语二轮讲义-完形填空（上）（原题版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-完形填空（上）（原题版），共18页。学案主要包含了题型诠释等内容，欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略2
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 利用语义复现解题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题4
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 利用逻辑关系解题6
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 利用语境暗示分析法解题8
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型05 利用固定搭配及词组辨析解题 PAGEREF _Tc148898656 \h 9
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型06 利用生活常识解题10
\l "_Tc148898652" 高考练场11
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练22
题型介绍
上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。

该类题是完形填空中比较简单的，要仔细阅读，但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深；上文可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔较远，因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示信息。
（2025·上海黄埔一模）
T raise yur reward sensitivity, begin by planning ne activity per day that will make yu happy r give yu a sense f ____22____. It can be as small as treating yurself t a favrite snack r reading a few pages f a nvel. This will make yu less likely t ____23____ psitive experiences. After yu’ve enjyed that ____24____ mment,
24. A. criticalB. dailyC. rareD. spare
（2025·上海闵行一模）
The methd was cstly and had the unintended 27 f altering the rhins' behavir, making the cllected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was wrking alngside lcal 28 . Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints. They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
28. A. prgrammers B. phtgraphers C. trackers D. fficials
Within each species, each individual has its wn unique ft 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just nce, and the characteristics f its ftprints are prperly phtgraphed and measured, its ftprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again.
30. A. features B. sizes C. clrs D. shapes
技巧二：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。

解答该类问题时，要善于把握与作者的写作态度、感悟色彩相关的词汇，特别是某些形容词、副词。这类题型主观性较强，心理描写较多。属于较难的题目。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
Have yu ____24____ talked t yur neighbr abut this issue? Is it a reasnable time t be playing music? Is yur neighbr trying t ____25____ yu, r are they just enjying their evening?
Relying n practical wisdm in Aristtle’s case-by-case apprach makes a lt f sense fr handling ____26____ cnflicts. But what abut when there’s n ne t ____27____ fr yur anger? Imagine a trnad cmpletely destrys yur huse while yur neighbr’s hme is ____28____.
24. A. remtelyB. reluctantlyC. previuslyD. ultimately
25. A. upsetB. cnquerC. imitateD. mtivate
26. A. cmmercialB. dmesticC. culturalD. interpersnal
27. A. cnsultB. blameC. rejectD. hide
28. A. discveredB. lckedC. untuchedD. explded
（2025·上海静安一模）
My greatest fear when grwing up in a French cuntryside was that my English mther wuld speak t me in public in her native tngue ludly. I wuld feel ____21____ when she used English n the way back frm schl. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, lk strange.
21. A. regretfulB. ashamedC. uniqueD. refreshed
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。

这种逻辑关系包括：(1) 句中逻辑关系；(2)句间逻辑关系：往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。(3) 段间逻辑关系：这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
Anger is a cmplicated emtin. But is it ever mrally right t be angry? And if s, when? One f the mst fundatinal understandings f ____21____ cmes frm the Greek philspher Aristtle. In his mdel, there’s a sweet spt fr ur actins and emtinal reactins, and it’s up t yu t develp practical wisdm abut when yu shuld feel what and hw strngly t feel it.
____22____, let’s say yu’ re ging t sleep early because yu have an imprtant meeting tmrrw and yur neighbr just started playing lud music. If yu can’t sleep, yu might ruin yur meeting, s feeling angry is definitely ____23____. But hw much anger shuld yu feel? And what actins, if any, shuld yu take?
21. A. mtinB. passinC. urgeD. anger
22. A. In cnclusinB. HweverC. What’s mreD. Fr example
23. A. exceptinalB. understandableC. uselessD. tragic
（2025·上海杨浦一模）
If s, maybe it wuld be great fr peple t take ut their aggressin and frustratin n human-and animal-like rbts that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the ther hand, it culd be bad if it makes peple insensitive t vilence in ther cntexts. Wuld a child wh grws up kicking a rbt dg find it ___32___ t kick a real dg? Unfrtunately, desensitizatin (脱敏) remains a difficult thing t study.
31. A. In additinB. After allC. In a wayD. On the cntrary
32. A. harderB. funnierC. easierD. wrse
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。

暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
A new exhibitin in Lndn als examined the dminance f cute qualities in culture, bringing tgether art, games and tys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the rganizer. “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.”
24.A. taken ver B. brken inC. dated backD. fallen apart
（2025·上海金山一模）
If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they fail, what abut when they wrk ___23___? This is nt an idle questin, but a serius ne. Discussins abut A in particular easily get lst in ayptherical (假设的) debates abut whlesale jb lsses r, wrse, the nature f cnsciusness.
23. A. prperlyB. purpselesslyC. cntinuuslyD. unwillingly
技巧五：利用固定搭配法及词组辨析解题

对于这类题型，学生在平时的学习中，要多掌握一些语法现象、多记多背一些固定结构和习惯搭配，并掌握它们的基本用法，这样就能够轻松解题了。
（2025·上海松江一模）
Tw years later, the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC) held a cnference t seriusly discuss “t what extent and in what frm the arts and literature can participate. ” The event prgram listed several arts categries that were ____31____ .
31. A. under cntrlB. under cnsideratinC. in useD. in prgress
（2025·上海青浦一模）
In cnclusin, shuld yu watch the Olympic Games if yu want t __35__ yur diet? Of curse, but it might be better t chse the physical activities yu find the mst difficult t perfrm — and watch them withut mderatin.
35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up fr D. set up fr
技巧六：利用生活常识解题

解决此类题型时，应该把自己学到的有关文化背景知识和生活常识灵活运用，注意中西文化的一些差别。但有些没有定论的、或自己没有把握的知识，不能作为判断的依据，这时就要尊重原文的描述。
（2025·上海奉贤一模）
The rigid crridrs f Weltn Academy carried the weight f traditin and cnfrmity (循规蹈矩). Jhn Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ f mystery and passin, stepped int the academy like a breath f freshness in a dull rm. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ t the lng-established nrms f the schl.
21. A. airB. gestureC. mdD. utlk
22. A. threatB. barrierC. challengeD. pprtunity
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
What d humans perceive t be cute? In the 1940s, Knrad Lrenz, an Austrian zlgist, fund that peple are (25)_________ t babies with big eyes and a small nse, as well as shrt arms, legs, because they bring jy. S bsessed with these characteristics that cats and dgs may have been (26)_________ t bring ut thse same features.
25.A. accustmedB. expsedC. intrducedD. attracted
26.A. walkedB. shapedC. entertainedD. mnitred
（以2023年6月上海高考真题为例，深度解析高考完形填空命题趋势）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41) ______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs’ apparent (42)_____ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43)______ black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) ______ uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) ______ wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) ______ their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) ______ and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49) ______ the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) ______ diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) ______ and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) ______ level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) ______ a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌症结节). It can als (54) ______ quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) ______, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
A.On the hand B. Afterwrds C. As a result D.Abve all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparencyD. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarelyD. mainly
44.A. adred B.transfrmed C.fadedD.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. cmpared with B. accunted fr C. accustmed tD.annyed at
B.train C.clarifyD.braden
48.A. identifyB. cure C.defendD.cause
49.A. enlightenB.redefineC.cmmitD.guarantee
50. A. accurateB.plainC.seriusD.remedial
51.A. challengeB. encunterC.cnversatinD.dispute
52.A. dangerusB. maximalC.unfavrableD.cntrasting
53. A.stuffB.hintC.cmmunicateD. indicate
54.A. cncludeB. understand C.assumeD. calculate
55. A.hweverB. therefreC. mreverD.hence
2023年1月春考
Fr the past five years. I've been examining the prs and cns f reading n-screen versus in print. The _______bttm line is that while digital devices may be fine fr reading that we dn't intend t (41 ) _______r reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading”is nearly always better dne in print.
Readers themselves have a keen sense f what kind f reading is best suited fr which (42) _______. My survey research with university students in the United Sates, Germany. and Japan reveals that if csts are the same, abut 90 percent ( at least in my sample ) (43 )_______ hard cpy fr schlwrk. If a text is lng, 92 percent wuld chse hard cpy. Fr (44) _______texts, it's a tss-up.
Digital reading als (45 ) _______distractin and invites multitasking. Amng American and Japanese subjects, 92 percent reprted it was easiest t cncentrate when reading in hard cpy.(The figure fr Germany was 98 percent. ) In this cuntry.26 percent indicated they were (46)________t multitask while reading in print, cmpared with 85 percent when reading n-screen. Imagine (47)_______with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneusly juggling Facebk and bking a vacatin fight. Yu get the pint.
Several pen-ended questins n my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what peple liked mst ( and least) abut reading in each medium. Cmmn (49)_______fr what students liked mst abut reading in print included “I can write n the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier t fcus.” When asked what they liked least abut reading (50 )_______, a number f Japanese students reprted that it wasn't “real reading,” while respndents frm all three cuntries cmplained that they “get distracted” r “dn't absrb as much.”
My all-time favrite reply t the questin "What is the ne thing yu (51 )________abut reading in print?" came frm an American: "It takes me lnger because I read mre carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academe was designed t prmte?
Readings in the humanities tend t be lengthy, intellectually weighty, r bth. The (52)_______f digital reading fr the humanities is that screens-particularly thse n devices with Internet cnnectins-undermine ur encunters with meaty texts. These (53 ) ________weren't designed fr fcused cncentratin, reading slwly, pausing t argue virtually with the authr,r rereading. (54 )_______, they are infrmatin and cmmunicatin machines, best used fr searching and skimming-nt scrutinizing.
Teachers and schlars must lk beynd tday's career-mindedness in talking abut challenges t the humanities. We need t think mre carefully abut students' munting rejectin f lng-frm reading , nw (55 )_________ by digital technlgies that further cmplicate ur struggle t engage students in serius text-based inquiry.
41. A. make up B.take n C.hld utD.chew ver
42. A.designB. mediumC. cverD. cntent
43.A. prefer B.referC.ffer D.transfer
44. A. lwerB. higherC.shrter D. lnger
B.encuragesC.encavesD. cunteracts
46.A. likelyB. rderlyC. deadlyD. cleanly
B. satisfyingC. strugglingD.picnicking
48. A.recmmendingB. indicatingC.recgnizingD. revealing
B.additinsC.slutinsD.instruments
50. A. casuallyB.delicatelyC. digitallyD. instantly
51. A.disadvantageB. dislikeC.misjudgeD. declur
52. A.advanceB. suspectC.pleasureD. challenge
53. A.vehiclesB.services C.devicesD. figures
54. A. AccrdinglyB. RatherC.ThusD. Therefre
55. A.qualifiedB.terrifiedC.identified D.intensified
（一）
（2025年浦东新区一模）
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passages there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Brwse thrugh any scial-media feed, and befre lng a cute vide will appear. The supply f these (21)_________ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. On ne scial media platfrm there are 65 millin vides tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is mre (22)_________: thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times.
Lng dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently becme a subject f serius (23)_________, inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibitin in Lndn als examined the dminance f cute qualities in culture, bringing tgether art, games and tys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the rganizer. “It has made its way int almst every element f ur lives.”
What d humans perceive t be cute? In the 1940s, Knrad Lrenz, an Austrian zlgist, fund that peple are (25)_________ t babies with big eyes and a small nse, as well as shrt arms, legs, because they bring jy. S bsessed with these characteristics that cats and dgs may have been (26)_________ t bring ut thse same features. Cartn characters have evlved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Muse’s arms, legs and nse have shrunk while his head and eyes have becme larger.
It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt Disney brught a parade f wide-eyed creatures acrss the wrld. Japanese kawaii culture als went glbal. After the emergence f mass prductin, cute tys became (29)_________ attainable acrss the market. Sanri, the cmpany behind the Hell Kitty brand, (30)_________ this trend, generating $3.8 billin in annual sales by prducing prducts n an unmatched scale.
Then, with the Internet, cuteness became (31)_________ n demand. Peple culd share amusing cntent f their children r favrite animals any time. In 2022, mre than 90,000 vides f cats were upladed t a majr scial media platfrm every day.
Cuteness has real-wrld uses. Lvt, a wide-eyed cmpanin rbt, respnds (32)_________ when hugged. Such an innvatin may help relieve (33)_______ amng the elderly. Plicymakers, t, might emply this pwer t (34)________ peple’s behaviur. Putting images n bins f sea turtles r dlphins trapped in rubbish has been shwn t reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciatin fr cute things is a(n) (35)_________ in itself, but it als “has the ptential t change the wrld”. S why nt use the pwer f cuteness t create a better, mre lving wrld?
21.A. liveB. casualC. adrableD. interactive
22.A. substantialB. urgentC. reasnableD. practical
23.A. cmmitmentB. inquiryC. hazardD. cmpetitin
24.A. taken ver B. brken inC. dated backD. fallen apart
25.A. accustmedB. expsedC. intrducedD. attracted
26.A. walkedB. shapedC. entertainedD. mnitred
27.A. On the cntraryB. In additinC. Fr instanceD. In ther wrds
28.A. sharp B. scaryC. pwerfulD. tiny
29.A. ccasinallyB. ptentiallyC. temprarilyD. readily
30.A. tk advantage fB. lked frward t
C. brke away frmD. came up with
31.A. available B. flexibleC. digitalD. fundamental
32.A. thrughlyB. indifferentlyC. awkwardlyD. psitively
33.A. distractinB. dutiesC. lneliness D. dubts
34.A. redirectB. excuseC. displayD. reward
35.A. issueB. delightC. reminderD. feature
（二）
（2025年闵行一模）
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Effective mnitring f endangered species is key t their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits f wild animals is essential t ensure their habitat remains free frm develpment and illegal hunters. Traditinal methds f mnitring wild animals, especially large nes, include radi-tagging（无线电标记）. T d this, individual animals must at first be captured s that cllars can be 22 .
One rganizatin that 23 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radi-cllars t mnitr black rhins （犀牛） in Namibia. Hwever, the team sn realized that the chemicals used t immbilize the rhin t fit the cllars 24 female fertility. Nt nly that but als a large prprtin f the radi-cllars 25 within the first 6 mnths and had t be replaced. 26 , as animals grew, the cllars wuld tighten, annying r even hurting them. The methd was cstly and had the unintended 27 f altering the rhins' behavir, making the cllected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was wrking alngside lcal 28 . Animal tracking is ne f the ldest human skills, and these experts have years f experience in identifying individual animals by their ftprints. They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
Within each species, each individual has its wn unique ft 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just nce, and the characteristics f its ftprints are prperly phtgraphed and measured, its ftprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again. If that is dne repeatedly, cnservatinists can draw up a 32 f all, r at least a significant prprtin f the individuals within the ppulatin. After that, cnservatinists can use it t identify an animal and its mvements by its print. The data gathered can be used fr a range f 33 , fr example, t mnitr bidiversity. WildTrack is currently using ftprint identificatin technlgy in Greece t study the ptential effect f a large highway cnstructin thrugh brwn bear habitat.
Identifying an animal frm its ftprint is nt withut its 34 , hwever, as each time the individual places its ft n the grund, it leaves a slightly different track, accrding t the grund type, misture （湿度）, and mvement. T accunt fr these 35 , it is necessary t cllect multiple tracks frm each animal n a range f surfaces.
21. A. flexibility B. diet C. mvement D. behavir
22. A. fixed B. updated C. remved D. examined
23. A. ppsed B. develped C. prmted D. adpted
24. A. enhanced B. harmed C. tested D. ensured
25. A. lasted B. matched C. failed D. bent
26. A. Therefre B. Hwever C. Likewise D. Mrever
27. A. cnsequence B. mistake C. cause D. target
28. A. prgrammers B. phtgraphers C. trackers D. fficials
29.A. cmpared t B. translated int C. integrated int D. classified int
30. A. features B. sizes C. clrs D. shapes
31. A. cpied B. recgnized C. erased D. marked
32. A. budget B. schedule C. blueprint D. database
33. A. purpses B. experiments C. slutins D. services
34. A. limitatins B. lsses C. challenges D. cncerns
35. A. variatins B. signs C. factrs D. standards
（三）
（2025年普陀区一模）
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In Indnesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavir n vide. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wund n his cheek, was seen ___ 21___ a kind f leaves, chewing them up, and applying them t his injury. Surprisingly, the wund healed withut infectin. Studies reveal that these plants have medical prperties, which likely ___ 22 ___ his recvery. Rakus's actins demnstrate a deep understanding f btany—a knwledge f plants few humans ___ 23 ___tday.
Althugh ur cllective knwledge f plant science grws, individual ___24 ___ f plants is declining. In mdern life, while we still depend n plants fr survival, fewer peple find it necessary t knw much abut them___ 25 ___ . Mst f us rely n btanists t identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise(专门知识)t ensure ur wellbeing. Hwever, the number f prfessinal btanists is shrinking, and this___26 ___ has raised cncerns within the field.
The Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics sunded an early alarm in 2015, nting that the number f btany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen belw 400. While that number has since ___ 27 ___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number f institutins ffering btany degrees cntinues t decline, frm 76 in 2002 t 59 in 2023. "Btany Ph. Ds. are disappearing, " says Kathryn Parsley, a bilgist wh fcuses n plants but didn't pursue a btany degree due t limited___28___.
Funding shifts are a primary factr leading t btany's decline. The Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), ___29___ , has mved its funding pririties away frm traditinal btany, ___30 ___ applied sciences with ecnmic ptential. This ___31 ___ impacts university funding decisins, leading many schls t reduce r eliminate btany prgrams.
The declining ___32 ___ in btany is further driven by "plant blindness, "a phenmenn where peple ignre plants in their envirnment, failing t recgnize their imprtance. In the United States and the United Kingdm, as btany prfessrs retire, they are ften nt ___33___ , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ___34___ culd becme a pressing issue, particularly in sectrs like eclgical restratin, where plant identificatin skills are crucial.
While sme btanists believe the field is evlving rather than disappearing, the demand fr plant knwledge remains critical. Prpsed legislatin, such as the Btany Bill in the U. S. , seeks t preserve plant expertise. ___35 ___ , the challenge f maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need t recgnize and address the value f btany.
21. A. cveringB. absrbingC. harvestingD. skipping
22. A. accunted frB. put ffC. tk nD. resulted frm
23. A. reviseB. enhanceC. subscribeD. pssess
24. A. samplingB. understandingC. ccupatinD. rganizatin
25. A. persnallyB. riginallyC. naturallyD. jyfully
26. A. greedB. traditinC. impressinD. trend
27. A. enduredB. stimulatedC. recveredD. discunted
28. A. editinB. availabilityC. researchD. cnservatin
29. A. fr instanceB. fr sureC. in caseD. n the ther hand
30. A. channelingB. equippingC. favringD. blcking
31. A. entryB. cmbinatinC. cmparisnD. shift
32. A. interestB. emergenceC. intentinD. evidence
33. A. invitedB. replacedC. registeredD. invlved
34. A. launchB. shrtageC. mtiveD. pattern
35. A. HenceB. MreverC. MeanwhileD. Nevertheless