高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：虚拟语气

虚 拟 语 气

虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、推测，有时甚至与事实相反。

一、     虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1、 在“It’s important/ strange/ natural/ necessary that…”这类句型里，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should) + V-原”结构。

eg:  It’s necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.

2、 在动词wish 后的宾语从句中

         对过去的虚拟：        had +过去分词

wish that  对现在的虚拟：动词过去时(或动词过去进行时)

         对将来的虚拟：would/could + 动词原形

eg: I wish that I had sent the old man to hospital in time.

   I wish that it were spring all the year round.

   She wishes that she were still living with her grandmother.

   I wish that you would/ could come soon.

3、 在表示建议、命令、要求的动词如：suggest/ advise/ propose/

    demand/ order/ command/ insist/ request/ desire/ require/ intend/

    recommend/ expect等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用“(should) + V-原”结构。

eg: I suggest that we (should) set off at once.

    但其中两个词suggest与insist要注意使用：√要使用虚拟语气

                    √

            暗示建议坚持要求  坚持认为

eg: Jean’s face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examine.

   The young man insisted that he had done nothing wrong, and he insisted that he (should) be set free.

4、在advice/ idea/ order/ demand/ plan/ proposal/ suggestion/ request等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用“(should) + V-原”结构。

eg: My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.

   We all agree to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

二、     虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法

It’s (high) time (that) … did/ should do … 注意其中的should不能省略。eg: It’s high time that we left/ should leave.

三、     虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

1、  虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法

①   对过去的虚拟

从句：had + 过去分词

主句：would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

eg: If you had come a few minutes earlier, you could have met her.

   另外，不定式的完成式可表达与过去事实相反的假设

   To have studied harder, you could have passed the exam.

②   对现在的虚拟

从句：动词过去式（be动词使用were）

主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

eg: If I were you, I would tell him the truth.

③   对将来的虚拟

从句：动词过去式（be动词使用were）/ should + 动词原形 /

      were to + 动词原形

主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

eg: If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

   If it should/ were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

④   if的省略

如果if虚拟条件句中有were/ had或should，可以省略if，把这几个词提前放在主语的前面，构成倒装。

eg: Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

   Should there be a meeting tomorrow (If there should be a meeting tomorrow), I would come.

   Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.

⑤   用介词短语代替if条件句

eg: Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.

   But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.

2、  虚拟语气在as if/ as though/ even if/ even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的用法

      对过去的虚拟：had + 过去分词

从句  对现在的虚拟：动词过去式（be动词使用were）

      对将来的虚拟：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

eg: He looks as if he were an artist.

   He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.

   Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.

四、虚拟语气用于if only(要是……就好了)引导的感叹句中

       对过去的虚拟：had + 过去分词

if only  对现在的虚拟：动词过去式（be动词使用were）

       对将来的虚拟：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

eg: If only she had not left.

   If only I were a bird.

   If only the wind could stop.