高考英语二轮专题-过去分词（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-过去分词（知识清单）（学生版），共11页。学案主要包含了知能解读01，知能解读02，重难点突破01，重难点突破02，易混易错01，方法技巧，跟踪训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01 过去分词短语作定语
1. 过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。
The lst key was fund under the sfa.
那把丢失的钥匙在沙发下找到了。
I need t fix the brken windw befre it rains.
我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。
2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
The bk written by my teacher became a bestseller.
我老师写的那本书成了畅销书。
The prject cmpleted last mnth saved the cmpany millins.
上个月完成的项目为公司节省了数百万。
3. 易错提醒：现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；不定式作定语表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。
The sleeping baby didn’t hear the drbell.
正在睡觉的宝宝没听见门铃声。
The rising sun brings hpe t everyne.
初升的太阳给每个人带来希望。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. All the passengers, please put the trash and waste in the plastic bags (prvide) n yur right.
2. The rare fish, (save) frm the cking pt, has been returned t the sea.
3. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add a number f carefully (chse) nline activities that yu believe are beneficial.
4. The experiment (perfrm) in the 1990s shwed that many plants stand a lt f bad cnditins.
5. There is evidence (indicate) that listening t sft music can reduce stress.
02 过去分词短语作表语
1. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。
They gt discuraged when they failed again.
再次失败时，他们感到沮丧。
The children were excited abut the upcming trip.
孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。
2. 易错提醒：现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。
Her stry sunds interesting, s I’ll listen carefully.
她的故事听起来很有趣，我会仔细听。
The math prblem seems cnfusing t mst students.
这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. When Bb gt (absrb) in his wrld f music, he felt as if he culd “see” the beauty f the wrld arund him, like he had in his previus life.
2. I get (refresh) thrugh rck climbing, spend mre time with my dad and get t meet new friends.
3. He gt seriusly (injure) and had t quit the ftball match.
4. Hwever (equip) yu are with knwledge, yu shuld cntinue studying further.
5. She remained （stand）thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn.
01 过去分词短语作补足语
1.观感使役类动词接过去分词作补足语，表示与宾语之间被动关系。
妙记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉（汉语谐音）
(ntice, let, make, hear, listen t, see, bserve, watch, have, feel)。
He felt his shulder tuched by smene.
他感觉肩膀被人碰了一下。
They watched the huse built frm start t finish.
他们看着房子从始至终被建成。
2.过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ dne”结构，表示与宾语之间被动关系。有时，该结构省略介词with，形成“名词/代词+ dne”独立主格结构。
With the prblem slved, we all felt relieved.
问题解决了，我们都松了口气。
She std there, her hands flded in frnt f her.
她站在那里，双手交叉在身前。
3.易错提醒：with复合结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作。
With a meeting t attend, he left in a hurry.
有一场会议要参加，他匆匆离开了。
With the baby crying, they culdn’t enjy the mvie.
宝宝在哭，他们无法好好看电影。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I have t g t see a dctr. I gt my fingers (jam) in the dr.
2. In rder t get t knw the grwth f the new species, please keep me (infrm) f any develpment.
3. With his eyes (fix) n the family album, he thught f the fun he had when he lived with his parents.
4. Time (permit), we will visit the lcal museum t see the new exhibit n ancient civilizatins.
5. anxiety relieved, he fcused better n his studies and imprved his perfrmance significantly.
02 过去分词短语作插入语
过去分词短语作插入语时，通常与句子主体用逗号隔开，独立于句子的语法结构之外，用于补充说明说话人的态度、看法，或提供额外的背景信息、解释说明等。
Cmpared with/t…用作插入语，表示“与……相比”，这时t和with均可。
Cmpared with last year, this prject is mre cmplex.
与去年相比，这个项目更复杂。
Given (that) …意为“考虑到，鉴于”，后接从句。
Given their experience, the task shuld be manageable.
鉴于他们的经验，任务应该可行。
Prvided (that) …意为“假如，如果”，后接从句。
Prvided (that)the data is accurate, ur cnclusin is valid.
假设数据准确，我们的结论成立。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. ___________ (cmpare) t ther frms f shared bikes, the greatest advantage f Meituan is that yu can easily find ne and never wrry abut where t park it.
2. ___________ (cmpare) with the frmer tw kinds, individual sprts, such as swimming and jgging, are the least attractive t the students.
3. ___________ (judge) as a respnsible persn, Tm was elected as mnitr f the class.
4. ___________ (judge) frm the bk I have read, I think he is a very prmising writer.
5. Frankly ___________ (speak), I was disappinted but I smiled as bradly as I culd.
01 过去分词短语作状语
1. 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
Surprised by the nise, the baby started t cry.
因被噪音吓到，宝宝开始哭。
She walked ut f the rm, fllwed by her dg.
她走出房间，后面跟着她的狗。
2.“be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时，be动词省略，直接用过去分词作状语。
“be+过去分词+in”类短语：be lst in陷入, be lcated in坐落在, be ccupied in专心于, be absrbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be invlved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着…
“be+过去分词+with”类短语：be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be laded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着…
“be+过去分词+t”类短语：be accustmed t习惯于, be addicted t沉迷于, be devted/cmmitted t致力于, be expsed t暴露于, be used t习惯余…
Absrbed in painting, he spent the whle afternn in the studi.
他全神贯注于绘画，在画室里度过了整个下午。
Faced with the emergency, she immediately called fr help.
面对紧急情况，她立刻呼救。
Expsed t lud nise daily, wrkers here ften have hearing prblems.
每天暴露在噪音中，这里的工人常出现听力问题。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (equip) with all kinds f facilities, ur schl is beautiful as well as mdern.
2. (ccupy) with husewrk, she has n time t deal with the piles f dcuments.
3. (encurage) by his parents and friends, he gained cnfidence t vercme the difficulties.
4. (adapt) frm the famus nvel, the TV series attracted millins f views.
5. (bite) twice, the pstman refused t deliver ur letters unless we had ur dg chained.
过去分词与状语从句的省略
状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。
When (I was) walking in the park, I fund a lst cat.
在公园散步时，我发现了一只迷路的猫。
Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break dwn.
除非立即被修理，否则机器可能故障。
Althugh (they were) warned f the danger, they still went hiking.
虽然被警告有危险，他们仍去徒步了。
★易错提醒：befre和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。
They had a shrt discussin befre making the final decisin.
做最终决定前，他们进行了简短讨论。
After finishing his hmewrk, he went ut t play.
完成作业后，他出去玩了。
The cntract will be signed by bth parties befre being made public.
这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Yu shuld nt give up the the interview unless (reject).
2. If (invite), she will dress up and attend the wedding.
3. Althugh (ffer) the vaccine fr free, sme peple cannt receive it fr physical reasns.
4. When (equip) with new scientific farming methds, farmers can use less farmland t prduce mre.
5. While (hike) in the muntains, they ften stp t admire the scenery.
过去分词综合能力提升
一、单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025全国二卷）If yu’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” frm a sheet r shirt (leave) t sun fr a day, well, yu’re missing ut n ne f life’s wnders.
2.（2025北京卷）When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I smetimes call him back, wrried that he might have smene (scare).
3.（2025八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual (write) frms make up the “sul” f a natinal traditin.
4.（2024新课标II卷）Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, __________(inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs __________ (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
6.（2024新课标I卷）These sepals pen n warm days t give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays (clse) t prtect the plants.
7.（2023新课标I卷）Shanghai may be the (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
8.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 66 (intend) fr everyne.
9.（2023全国乙卷）Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system f ring rads.
10. (2023天津3月卷)_________(try) several adjustments t the design fr tw mnths, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
11. (2023天津3月卷)The her’s tuching stry ________(pst) nline has drawn thusands f “likes” and hundreds f cmments frm the public.
12.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, (surrund) in cncentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
13.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
14.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
15.（2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
16.（2021全国II卷）I was s________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.
17.（2021新课标I卷）But that’s hw nature is —always leaving us _____________（astnish）.
18.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and yu see them many times ___________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
19.（2020浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means ld generatins are large ____________ (cmpare)t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin
20.（2020北京卷）A piece f stne __________ (find) n a Dutch beach suggests that ur extinct human relatives, knwn as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previusly thught.
二、过去分词助力读后续写
1. (2025全国二卷)我的很多同学都产生了兴趣，课后纷纷过来找我。
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2024新高考I卷) 尴尬无助，我拿着空钱包和无法使用的银行卡呆在那里。
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024新高考I卷) 我用新获得的现金支付了冈特，并为他坚定不移的帮助加上了丰厚的小费。
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2024新高考I卷) 四天后，我按照承诺给甘特打了电话。他听起来很惊讶，但听到我的消息真的很高兴。
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2024浙江1月卷) 她不仅对这种赞美感到惊讶，而且还对她认为无法实现的非凡胜利感到惊讶。
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2024浙江1月卷)在广阔的学校里，一个定向能力差的女孩很难导航，经常迷路。
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2023新高考I卷)沉浸在喜悦之中，他向我挥手表示祝贺。
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2023新高考I卷)我被这个消息惊呆了，当同学们胜利地举起手时，我激动得哽咽了。
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2022新高考I卷)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2021新高考I卷)父亲看到这里一片狼藉，吓得僵住了，好像在地上扎了根似的。
___________________________________________________________________________________