新人教版7年级英语期末复习语法知识总结（讲解＋考点＋综合练习）：名 词

这是一份新人教版7年级英语期末复习语法知识总结（讲解＋考点＋综合练习）：名 词，共11页。试卷主要包含了名词概述，综合练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、名词概述
1、名词的定义：名词是指表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的词。
2、名词的种类：
(1)普通名词：表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
普通名词又可进一步分为四类：
①个体名词：表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、rm(房间)、 fan(风扇)、pht(照片)。
②集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 peple(人们)、family(家庭)、army(军队)、gvernment(政府)、grup(集团)。
③物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状或大小的个体的物质。如fire（火）、steal（钢）、air（空气）、water（水）、milk（牛奶）。
④抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如 labr( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐力)。
(2)专有名词: 表示特定的人、地方、称谓、机构、语言、国民、星期、月份、节日名称等，专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
三、综合练习
1.单项选择题
（ ）1. They gt much _____ frm thse new bks.
A. ideasB. phts C. news D. stries
（ ）2. I have tw _______ and three bttles f _________ here.
A. range, rangeB. ranges, ranges
C. ranges, rangeD. range, ranges
（ ）3. Every evening Mr. King takes a _________ t his hme .
A. 25 minutes’ walkB. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk
（ ）4. An ld _______ wants t see yu.
A. pepleB. persn
C. the peple D. the persn
（ ）5. Help yurself t __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
（ ）6. Oh, dear. I frgt the tw _________.
A. rm’s numberB. rms’ number
C. rm numbers D. rms’ numbers
（ ）7. She has been in Tianjin fr ten years. Tianjin has becme her secnd _________.
A. family B. huse
C. hme D. rm
（ ）8. ________ mthers culdn’t g t the meeting, because they have gne t Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
（ ）9. Li Lei has been t __________ many times this mnth.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s
C. her uncles D. aunt’s
（ ）10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lt experience
（ ）11．______ are ging t see a film．
A. Green’s B. The Green’s
C. The Greens D. The Green
（ ）12. Mrs. Green is ______mther．
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy and Lily D. Lily’s and Lucy
（ ）13. Ben saw frty______in a cave．
A. thiefes B. thieves
C. thief D. thiefs
（ ）14. Dngdng is ne f the Chinese in ur schl.
A. by B. bys
C. bies D. byes
（ ）15.This is the rm.
A. children’s B. childrens’
C. children D. childrens
（ ）16. ---Is that ?
---Yes, it is.
A. a pair f glass B. tw pair f glasses
C. a pair f glasses D. glasses
（ ）17. Hng Wei is making a card. She wants a f scissrs.
A. packet B. bttle
C. pair D. pairs
（ ）18. These bttles f are fresh.
A. milk B. milks
C. jams D. milkes
（ ）19. A friend f will cme this evening.
A. Denny’s B. Denny
C. Dennys’ D. Dennys
（ ）20. This is a big rm. It’s the .
A. twin’s rm B. twins rm
C. twins’ rm D. twin rms
（ ）21. There are three and seven in the picture.
A. deers; sheeps B. deers; sheep
C. deer;sheep D. deer; sheeps
（ ）22. Yesterday, Mrs. Smith gave us n hw t deal with stress.
A. an advice B. many advices
C. sme advice D. a pair f advice
（ ）23. ---Wuld yu like smething t drink, girls?
---Yes, , please.
A. sme ranges B. tw bxes f chclate
C. tw bxes f cke D. tw cke
（ ）24. What it is t g surfing in weather!
A. a great fun; such fine B. a great fun; such a fine
C. great fun; such fine D. great funs; such a fine
（ ）25. The theme park is abut ride frm the museum. Yu shuld start ut right nw.
A. tw hur B. tw hur’s
C. tw hurs’ D. tw hurs
（ ）26. Lk at the map. It’s .
A. a map f American B. a map f America
C. an American map D. a map t America
（ ）27. ---What are thse?
--- .
A. They are knife. B. They are knives.
C. They are Peter’s knife. D. They are knifes.
（ ）28. We are in mdel grup.
A. ships B. cars
C. plane D. shipes
（ ）29. ---Whse crayn is that?
---It’s .
A. Mike B. Mike’s
C. fr Mike’s D. Mikes
（ ）30. We have n Saturday.
A. nt lessn B. n lessns
C. schl D. lessn
（ ）31. Last night, there was a fd accident. The _______ were ill, but n _______ were lst.
A. child, lives B. children, life
C. children, lives D. child, life
（ ）32. This is a pht f _________ when they were yung.
A. my father and mther B. my mther and father’s
C. my mthers’ and fathers’ D. my father’s and my mther
（ ）33. The new student is in __________ , Grade Tw.
A. Class Third B. Third Class
C. Class Three D. Three class
（ ）34. Tday is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let’s g and buy sme flwers fr ur teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers’
C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
（ ）35. The market isn’t far frm here. It’s nly _________ bicycle ride.
A. half an hurs’ B. half an hur’s
C. half an hur D. an hur and a half
（ ）36. --- What wuld yu like t drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A. Tw cup f cffee B. Tw cups f cffe
C. Tw cups f cffee D. Tw cups f cffees
（ ）37. During Christmas, peple get tgether and sing Christmas sngs fr _________.
A. fun B. wishes
C. interest D. thanks
（ ）38. Sme _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. by
C. bys D. childs
（ ）39. After the exam, we’ll have a ________ hliday.
A. tw weeks B. tw-weeks
C. tw weeks' D. tw week's
（ ）40. They are thse _________ bags. Please put them n the bus.
A. visitr B. visitrs
C. visitr’s D. visitrs’
（ ）41.--- Hw many wrkers are there in yur factry?
--- There are tw ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred
C. hundred f D. hundreds f
（ ）42. ---What d yu think f the _______ the Mnlight Snata by Beethven?
--- It sunds really wnderful.
A. subject B. music
C. bk D. animal
（ ）43. There is nt enugh _________ in the crner fr the fridge.
A. place B. rm
C. field D. grund
（ ）44. _________ cmes frm sheep and sme peple like eating it
A. Wl B. Prk C. Muttn D. Milk
（ ）45. If yu dn’t take mre ________, yu’ll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessns
C. phts D. exercise
（ ）46. My schl is abut twenty ________ walk frm here.
A. minute B. minutes’ C. minutes’s D. minutes
（ ）47. Mum, I have _______ t tell yu!
A. a gd news B. sme gd news
C. sme news gd D. many gd news
（ ）48. Which is the ________ t the pst ffice?
A. street B. way C. rad D. address
（ ）49. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles’ C. my uncle’s D. my uncle
（ ）50. Maths ________ nt easy t learn.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
2．用所给名词的适当形式填空
1．The ________(child) are talking t their teacher.
2．September l0th is ________(teacher) Day.
3．These are ________(girl) names.
4．They are ________(wman) teachers.
5．We have ________(banana).
6．They are frm ________(Chinese).
7．This is ________(apple).
8．That________(by) is Tm.
9．He has sme________(water).
10．---Are yu________(student).
---Yes, we are．
11．March 8th is _______(wman) Day.
12．These are _______(by) names.
13．Tw _______(apple tree) are near my hme.
14．June lst is _______(child) Day.
15．There are a lt f_______(by) students in ur class.
16．Every _______(student) has a bk.
17．Thse shes are _______ (Tm).
18．There are several_______ (knife) in the pencil bx.
19．Mrs. Brwn has tw____________(child).
20．I want t take sme____________(pht) here.
参考答案
1.单项选择题
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. B
2. 用所给名词的适当形式填空
1. children 2. Teachers’ 3. girls’ 4. wmen 5. bananas 6. China 7. an apple 8. by
9. water 10. students 11. Wmen’s 12. bys’ 13. apple trees 14. Children’s 15. by
16. student 17. Tm’s 18. knives 19. children 20. phts
知识点考点
考点对应典型例题剖析
考点一：
名词的可数性问题
考点1：不可数名词的量的表示法。
不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能直接用a/an表示不可数名词的量，表示不可数名词的量有两种方法：
用sme, any, a little, little, much, a lt f等表示量的多少，如sme milk, a lt f water等。作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
2、用“a/an+量词+f+名词”的形式来表达。如果要表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词部分用复数形式，不可数名词不变，如a cup f tea, tw glasses f juice等。
典型例题 1
I’m hungry. I’d like t have .
A. tw bwl f rice B. tw bwls f rices
C. tw bwls f rice D. tw bwls rice
答案：C
典型例题 2
Give me chalk, please.
A. a B. piece f
C. a piece D. a piece f
答案：D
典型例题 3
一些面包在桌上。
Sme n the table.
答案：bread is
考点2：可数名词的复数形式
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
A.可数名词复数的变化规则如下：
（1）一般情况词尾加s，如 bk→bks, desk→desks等。其读音规则是在清辅音后读［s］，在元音和浊辅音后读［z］。
（2）以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常在词尾加es，如：bus→buses, bx→bxes, dish→dishes等。其读音为［iz］。
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，如：family→families, butterfly→butterflies。其读音为［z］。
（4）以f、fe结尾的词，把f或fe变为v再加es，如：leaf→leaves，life→lives等，其读音为［vz］。
（5）以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s，如： ty→tys, 其读音为[ z ]。
B.可数名词复数的不规则变化如下：
（1）改变单数名词中的元音字母，读音改变。man→men, wman→wmen, ft→feet, tth→teeth, muse→mice
（2）单复数形式相同，读音不变。sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
（3）其他形式： child→children
（4）某国人变复数的规则如下：
中国人 Chinese→Chinese
日本人 Japanese→Japanese
英国人 Englishman→Englishmen
法国人 Frenchman→Frenchmen
美国人 American→Americans
阿拉伯人 Arab→Arabs
埃及人 Egyptian→Egyptians
德国人 German→Germans
澳大利亚 Australian→Australians
可借用口诀记忆，即中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
2. 以结尾的名词变复数时，有生命的名词在词尾加es，无生命的名词在词尾加s。（kangar和bamb 除外）
加es: ptat, tmat, her, Negr, mang
加s：z, radi, pht, pian, kangar, bamb
3. 如果复合名词前面的名词是man或wman，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
man teacher →men teachers, wman driver→ wmen drivers,
by student →by students, apple tree →apple trees
典型例题 1
Hw many (sheep) are there n the hill?
答案：sheep
典型例题 2
I like taking (pht).
答案：phts
典型例题 3
Thirty (family) live in this building.
答案：families
典型例题 4
Mst f the turists n the cach are (German), and nly tw f them are (Japanese).
答案：Germans Japanese
典型例题 5
Hw many (wman dctr) are there in the hspital?
答案：wmen dctrs
考点二：
名词的所有格
考点1：名词所有格的表达
有生命的名词所有格在词尾加’s。若是复数并以s 或es 结尾的名词只加“’”。表示时间、空间、距离、价格重量的名词所有格和表示世界、国家和城镇的所有格及某些习惯表达法也使用’s所有格。
2. 无生命的名词用f构成所有格。
典型例题 1
他是我父亲的朋友。（两种）
He is my .
He is the my .
答案：father’s friend; friend f father
典型例题 2
Peter is .
A. a friend f mine B. a my friend
C. a friend f my mther D. mine friend
答案：A
典型例题 3
---Whse bxes are these?
---They are the .
A. children’s B. childrens’
C. children D. childs
答案：A
考点2：几个人共同拥有一样东西的所有格表达法：只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s。
典型例题 1
It’s bedrm. It’s clean and bright.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucy’s
C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily’s and Lucy’s
答案：B
典型例题 2
Mr. Black is father. He lves them very much.
A. Liz and Lily’s B. Liz’s
C. Liz’s and Lily’s D. Lily’s
答案：A
典型例题 3
Mr. Green is father.
A. Jim’s and Kate B. Jim’s and Kate’s
C. Jim and Kate D. Jim and Kate’s
答案：D
考点3：双重所有格的表达
① f +名词所有格 ② f+名词性物主代词
典型例题 1
他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
答案：He is a friend f my brther’s.
典型例题 2
她是你的其中一个女儿吗？
答案：Is she a daughter f yurs?
考点4：’s所有格与f所有格用法比较
f 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物，也可用于无生命的东西。当用于有生命的人或物时，f 所有格有时可以与's 所有格互换。
如：Mr. Smith’s sn = the sn f Mr. Smith 史密斯先生的儿子
Jim’s patience = the patience f Jim 吉姆的耐心
the Queen’s arrival = the arrival f the Queen 女王的到达
考点5：’s所有格、f所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别。
比较下面三句话：
1.She is Mary’s brther’s friend.
2. She is a friend f Mary’s brther.
3. She is a friend f Mary’s brther’s.
例句1用的是’s所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。
例句2用的是f所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary’s brther。
例句3用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。
考点三：
名词的句法作用
作主语
English is very useful. 英语很有用。
The children are playing games happily. 孩子们在高兴地做游戏。
作定语（一般用单数形式，但sprts除外）
paper tigers 纸老虎
wrk places 工作的地方
sprts shes 运动鞋
作及物动词和介词的宾语
She wrks hard at Chinese every day. 她每天努力地学中文。
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
作表语
Tm is my gd friend. 汤姆是我的好朋友。
We are all students. 我们都是学生。
作宾语补足语
They chse the by mnitr. 他们选那个男孩当班长。
I find her a kind teacher. 我觉得她是个善良的老师。
作状语
My father will cme back next Mnday. 我父亲将于下周一回来。
Please wait a mment. 请等一等。
作同位语
This is Miss Smith, ur English teacher. 这位是史密斯小姐，我们的英语老师。
He, an rdinary wrker, did a lt f uncmmn things. 他，一个平凡的工人，做了很多不寻常的事。