Unit 7 The natural world (复习课件）初中英语译林版2024八年级上册

8A Unit 7The natural world单元复习课件目 录学习目标单元知识图谱其它around, therefore, sadly, 并列连词 and, but, or 和so核心词汇汉译英1. ________ n.企鹅 2. ________ n.气候 3. ________ u.包括4. ________ adv.大约5. ________ vt.容纳;拿着;举行6. ________ vi.返回;回去;回来7. ________ vt. 贮存8. ________ vi. 起作用;行动 vi. & vt.扮演9. ________ adv.因此10. ________ adv.不幸地;悲伤地11. ________ n.吨12. ________ vt.& n.伤害;损害13. ________ n.野生动物 14. ________ adj. 充满噪声的;吵闹的15. ________ vt. 使发生;造成;导致n.原因;理由16. ________ n.,adj. & adv.东北;东北方的;向东北方17. ________ n.躲避处;罩子18. ________ vi.造成(后果)19. ________ vt.创建;创造20. ________ adj.保持平衡的21. ________ n.项目22. __________ n.知识23. ________ n.先生24. ________ n.女士25. ________ vt. & vi. 杀死26. ________ vt.解决;解答 27. ____________ adj.环境的penguin climate include around hold return storeact thereforesadly ton harm wildlife noisy cause north-east cover lead create balancedproject knowledge sir madam kill solve environmental 核心词汇英译汉1. coral n. . 2. reef n. . 3. ecosystem n. . 4. rainfall n. . 5. wetland n. . 6. non-living adj. . 7. pond n. . 8. prevent vt . . 9. sponge n. . 10. kidney n. . 11. carbon dioxiden . 12. trap vt. . 13. lung n. . 14. topic n. . 15. sandy adj. . 16. system n. . 17. damage vt. n. . 18. rare adj. . red-crowned crane n. . daytime n. . mud n. . wastewater n. . environment-friendly adj. .珊瑚 礁 生态系统 降雨量;下雨 湿地 非生物的 池塘 防止;阻止海绵块 肾脏 二氧化碳 吸收;使落入险境 肺 话题 铺满沙子的;含沙的 系统;体系 损害;毁坏 损坏;损失;损害 稀罕的;珍贵的 丹顶鹤 白天泥;淤泥;泥浆 废水 环保的;不损害环境的核心词汇1. around adv.大约 教材原句：It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the earth's oxygen. 它覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积,并产生了地球约70%的氧气。常见用法：around 作副词，意为“大约”，相当于 about. He arrived at around five o'clock.他大约五点钟到。联想拓展：around 还可以作介词，意为"环绕; 在……周围"。 The whole family was sitting around the table.全家人围坐在桌子旁。 They walked around the lake.他们绕着湖行走。核心词汇2. hold vt. 容纳;拿着;举行 教材原句：It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky... 它容纳大量海水,水分升上天空…… 常见用法：hold 在此处作动词,意为“容纳”,其过去式和过去分词均为held,后面可直接跟名词、代词等作宾语。 This bus can hold about fifty people. 这辆公共汽车大约能坐50人。联想拓展：① hold 作动词,还意为"举行;拿着;抓住"等。 We held a party to celebrate our success. 我们举办了一个聚会来庆祝我们的成功。 Yesterday we held a meeting to discuss our plan.昨天我们开了个会来讨论我们的计划。 He held a knife in his hand.他手里握着一把刀。②含有hold 的相关短语: hold on(电话用语)别挂断 hold one's breath屏息 hold up 支撑;阻延;持械抢劫核心词汇3. return vi.返回;回去;回来 教材原句： ... falls onto the lands and then returns to the ocean.… ….落到陆地上,然后流回海洋。 常见用法：return 作动词,意为“返回”,相当于go/ get/come back。 return已含有 back 的意思,其后不可再跟back。 Bob will visit you when he returns to London.当鲍勃回伦敦时,他会拜访你。联想拓展： return 意为“归还"时,是及物动词,相当于 give back。 I have returned the dictionary.我已经归还了词典。 You should return the piano to Dick on time.你应该按时把钢琴还给迪克。核心词汇4. store vt. 贮存 教材原句：During heavy rains,wetlands store water like giant sponges. 在大雨期间,湿地像巨大的海绵一样贮存水。常见用法： store 作及物动词,意为"贮存",指存放物品。 This reservoir is used to store water for our town. 这个水库是用来为我们小镇贮存水的。 Enter your password and store the key file. 输入您的密码并贮存关键文件。联想拓展：store 还可以作名词,意为“商店;店铺"。 The snow was so heavy that the store had to close its door. 雪下得如此大,以至于这家商店不得不把门关上。核心词汇4. harm vt.& n.伤害;损害 教材原句：If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 如果我们不这样做,塑料将危害海洋生态系统的平衡。常见用法： harm 作及物动词,意为"危害;伤害;损害"。 We may use many facts to prove smoking harms human body health. 我们可以用很多事实来证明吸烟危害人体健康。联想拓展：① harm 也可作名词，意为“伤害;损害","do harm to..."表示"伤害……"。 Air pollution has done much harm to our health.空气污染已经给我们的健康造成了很大的伤害。② harmful 是形容词,意为"有害的",其反义词是 harmless,意为"无害的"。 "be harmful/harmless to.…."意为"对……有害/无害" ; " be harmful to..."相当于"be bad for..."。 Noise is a kind of pollution and it is harmful to our hearing. 噪声是一种污染,它对我们的听力有害。核心词汇5. set up 建立 教材原句：They can set up volunteer groups to help keep the wetlands free from pollution... 他们可以成立志愿者小组来保护湿地免受污染的危害……常见用法： set up 意为"建立",其为"动词+副词"型短语,名词作其宾语时可以放在up的前面或后面,代词作其宾语时只能放在set 与 up 的中间。 A new middle school has been set up in the village.村里新建立了一所中学。 This theatre is set up for children.这座剧院是为儿童设立的。联想拓展：含有 set 的其他常见短语: set off 出发;动身 set out 动身踏上(漫长的旅途);开始做某事 set an example for sb为某人树立榜样核心词汇易混辨析： a few,few、a little 与little 的用法区别There are few beans on the plate. 盘子里几乎没有豆子。There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶。核心词汇6. It's time for sb to do sth教材原句：It's time for us to take action and protect the ocean. 到我们采取行动保护海洋的时间了。句式结构：It's time for sb to do sth 意为"到某人做某事的时候了"。 It's time for Bill to clean the blackboard. 到比尔擦黑板的时候了。联想拓展：“ It's time for ..."意为"到……时间了",可与 It's time to do sth 进行同义句转换。 It's time for supper.= It's time to have supper.到晚饭时间了。核心词汇7. one of the/one's+形容词最高级+可数名词复数教材原句：It is one of the world's most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。 句式结构：① " one of+the/one's+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为“最……的……之一”，为固定句式。 ② " one of the/one's+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"作主语时表示单数含义,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire. 最古老的房子之一在一场大火中被烧毁了。重点短语1.位于沙漠和森林之间 2.昼夜温差 3.包括所有生物和非生物 4.恶劣的气候 5.保持A和B之间的平衡 6.地球上一个非常大的生态系统 7.覆盖地球表面约71% 8.扮演一个角色 9.容纳大量盐水 10.回到大海 lie between deserts and foreststhe difference in temperature between day and night include all the living and non-living things the awful climate keep the balance between A and B a very large ecosystem on earth cover around 71% of the earth's surface have a role to play hold plenty of salt water return to the ocean 重点短语11.持续不断 12.地球的“心脏” 13.帮助消除污染 14.像巨大的海绵一样储存水 15.承担地球“肾脏”的功能 16.占地球陆地面积的近三分之一17.从空气中吸收二氧化碳18.把有害物质吸收进它们的叶子里19.供养数百万植物和动物20.减缓气候变化 go on and on the “heart” of the earth help get rid of pollution store water like giant sponges act like the “kidneys” of the earth make up/cover nearly a third of the earth's land area take in carbon dioxide from the air trap harmful things in their leaves support millions of plants and animals slow down climate change 21.数百万吨塑料 22.破坏海洋生态系统的平衡 23.为当地野生动物建造更好的家园 24. 不少沙漠植物 25.温暖、明亮、嘈杂 26.导致珊瑚缓慢死亡 27.地球上最大的珊瑚礁系统 28.严重破坏海洋环境 29.世界上最重要的湿地之一 30.为许多野生动物提供食物和庇护所 millions of tons of plastic harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem build a better home for local wildlifequite a few desert plants warm, bright and noisy cause corals to die slowly the largest reef system on earth greatly damage the ocean's environment one of the world's most important wetlands provide food and cover for a lot of wildlife重点短语重点短语31.在中国东北 32.短暂停留 33.在白天 34.为了有更多的空间用于农场和建筑 35.导致野生动物生存空间减少 36.减少参观湿地的游客数量 37.创建盐城自然保护区 38.制定法律 39.建立 40.使湿地免受污染 in the north-east of China for a short stay in the daytime in order to have more space for farms and buildings lead to less space for wildlife reduce the number of tourists visiting wetlands create Yancheng Nature Reservecreate/make laws set up keep wetlands free from pollution重点短语41.保持生态系统平衡 42.破坏森林中的生态系统 43.你说得对! 44.来自工厂和房屋的废水 45.环保产品 46.清理海滩 47.给我们提供食物 48.杀死海洋生物 49.解决问题 50.加入环保团体 keep the ecosystem balanced damage the ecosystem in forestsYou said it! wastewater from factories and housesenvironment-friendly products clean up the beach provide us with food kill sea life solve the problems join an environmental group 有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语,通常其中一个指人,另一个指物;指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构是S + V +O +O(主+谓+宾+宾)。如: He showed me his driving licence.他向我出示了他的驾照。 (me是间接宾语,his driving licence是直接宾语) I will buy you some flowers.我会给你买一些花。 在含有双宾语的结构中,当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时,间接宾语前通常加to或for 引导的短语。如: He gave me some food.他给了我一些食物。 = He gave some food to me. I will make Grandpa somejiaozi.我要给爷爷包些饺子。 = I will make somejiaozi for Grandpa.注意: 能与to搭配的动词有bring、feed, give, hand, lend, offer,pass、pay.post、read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。能与for搭配的动词有 bring,build, buy, cook, find, get, leave、make,order, pick, save等。动词及基本句型(II)单元语法单元语法动词及基本句型(II)有些及物动词后面常跟宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样构成的句子结构是S +V+O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。如: I saw him crossing the street.我看见他在过马路。注意: 宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式来充当。如: We call them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼。 I had my computer repaired.我找人修好了我的电脑。我们可以用并列连词and、 but、or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。如: Our English teacher is kind and helpful.我们的英语老师既和蔼又乐于助人。 The boy is not very tall, but he runs very fast.这个男孩个子不是很高,但跑得很快。 Do you often go home on foot or by bicycle?你通常回家是步行,还是骑自行车? She was ill, so she did not go to school.她生病了,所以没去上学。注意:并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。并列连词and 意思是“和,又”,表示并列关系。如: Mike likes playing football and singing songs.迈克喜欢踢足球和唱歌。并列连词but意思是“但是”,表示转折关系,所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。如: The room was small but comfortable.房间虽小,但很舒适。单元语法并列连词and, but, or 和 so单元语法并列连词or意思是“或者”,表示选择关系。如: Which do you like better, juice or coffee?果 汁和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一个?注意:在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接,而不用and。如: I cannot speak Japanese or French.我不会说日语和法语。并列连词so意思是“因此,所以”,表示因果关系,常用来连接两个简单句。如: It began to rain, so we went home.开始下雨了,所以我们就回家了。 注意:并列连词so和从属连词because(因为)不能一起使用。如: The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (√) Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (x)并列连词and, but, or 和 so针对训练 ---用 and, but, or, so 填空 单元语法1. Study hard, you'll achieve good grades in the final exam.2. The cat is cute, clever, friendly. It likes to play with people.3. You can take the bus the subway to the museum. Both are convenient.4. I invited him to the party, he didn’t come because of a sudden illness.5. It was very cold outside, we put on warm coats before going out.6. She enjoys reading books writing stories in her free time.7. I don't like spicy food sour drinks. I like food that tastes sweet.8. He tried his best to solve the problem, he still couldn't find the answer.9. The museum was closed, we went to the park instead.10. Would you like some coffee tea? 11. You must finish your homework on time, you'll be punished by the teacher.andandorbutsoandorbutsooror针对训练 --- 单项选择单元语法1. Which of the sentences follows the structure “S+V+IO+DO”? A. The temperature drops. B. He got hurt in an accident. C. My parents bought me a nice gift. D. I saw some kids kicking the ball.2. What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work."? A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+P D.S+V+DO+OC3. The store sells sweaters a very good price. We can buy one40 yuan. A.in; at B. on; for C.at; on D.at; for 4. Happiness itself is different for everyone, people explain it in different ways. A. until B. so C. unless D. though 5. It is not easy to change habits, with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A. or B. but C. and D.so 主题写作经典范文模板Forests (陈述介绍对象)are important for our earth, providing oxygen, shelter, and balancing ecosystems (介绍作用). Yet, they face some problems: people cut down too many trees, rubbish pollution harms wildlife and soils, and climate change makes forests drier and hotter (介绍所面临的问题).To protect forests, we must act not to throw rubbish in forests and recycle or reuse waste to prevent pollution. Join clean-up projects to restore damaged areas.Bring your own chopsticks instead of disposable ones (保护森林的措施).Small actions make a difference. Every effort helps to keep the “lungs" of our earth.主题写作Protecting the Grassland美丽的草原对地球生态很重要,请你以“Protecting the Grasslands”为题,根据下面的提示写一篇80词左右的短文(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。提示: (1) 草原的重要性(至少两点); (2) 人类活动对草原的危害; (3) 保护草原的措施。Protecting the Grasslands Grasslands are important. .主题写作写作思路体 裁:说明文 时 态:以一般现在时为主人 称:以第一人称和第三人称为主内容要点:首先表述草原对动物和生态的重要性,然后介绍人们正在伤害草原并提出拯救草原的可行方案,最后呼吁所有人来保护草原。写作框架:主题写作写作思路主题写作高分范文Protecting the GrasslandsGrasslands are important. Many animals live there.On the grasslands , there are horses and cows, and there are also lions and giraffes.Without grasslands , soil might be washed away during the rain season. Now people are hurting grasslands in two main ways: Too many animals are eating grass.If horses, sheep and cows eat too much grass, nothing grows back. Some people cut down grass to grow crops. This kills plants and makes the soil weak. To save the grasslands, our government makes rules to stop people from using grasslands wrongly. Let farmers take turns grazingtheir animals. This gives grass time to grow back.Let's do something to save the grasslands.Grasslands are not empty fields--they are homes for animals !主题写作针对训练 假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Protect the Environment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题宣传稿,需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的重要性以及作为中学生应怎样保护环境。请你以“Save the Earth:Let's Do Our Part !”为题,用英语给专栏写一篇稿件。要求: (1)条理清楚,行文连贯,可适当发挥; (2)词数80左右,已给出部分不计入总词数。Save the Earth: Let's Do Our Part! The earth is the only home for everyone on it. . . Let’s do our part to save the earth! 扶鸭起来，鸭还能学主题写作参考范文针对训练Save the Earth: Let’s Do Our Part!The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It provides all the resources we need for survival, from fresh water to rich land. However, human activities cause serious problems. Climate change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity are now harming it. Our planet is crying for our help now. As middle school students, we have the power to make a difference and help save the earth !To protect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting more trees, and reducing pollution. Saving animals and recycling things are necessary as well.Let's do our part to save the earth!1. The in Kunming is pleasant all year round, so it's called “the Spring City". A. time B. climate C. season D. temperature 2. The square is so that the guide has to raise her voice to get people's attention. A. wild B. quiet C. awful D. noisy 3. She drank too much ice water yesterday. , she has a sore throat today and cannot sing in the Music class. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 4.You'd better take an umbrella with you, you may get wet in the rain. A. or B. so C. but D. and 5. It's easy to form a bad habit, but it's difficult to one. A. make up of B. get rid of C. pay attention to D. put out 针对训练 --- 单项选择单元语法6. Screen(屏幕)time late into the night can__sleep problems as using smartphones keeps teenagers excited. A. prevent B. cause C. damage D. kill 7. Which is the sentence structure of “The nature reserve provides a great home for animals”? A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O+O D.S+V+O+C 8. We were looking forward to the school trip, but ____,we had to give it up because of the heavy rain. A. clearly B. sadly C. easily D. mainly 9. --- Sandy,several boars(野猪) showed up again in Nanjing city centre! --- No worries. The government is taking actionthem from hurting people. A. to protect B. protecting C. to prevent D.preventing 10. --- The new after-school activities are really great. They offer us more chances todevelop our hobbies. --- . I've joined an art club and I'm learning to paint now. A. You said it B. That's a pity C. It depends D. Not really 课堂巩固单项选择单词拼写课堂巩固1. On average, the temperature is (大约)25℃ in summer in this city. 2. The ticket(票) (包括)a boat tour of the old town. Enjoy yourself! 3. How many (吨) of stones do we need to build this bridge?4. If you don’t (行动)now, you will miss the chance.5. Drinking milk tea with much sugar can (伤害)your teeth.6. I usually r home at 6 p.m. after school.7. We need more nature reserves because they provide food and c for the wildlife.8. Some animals need to s food before winter because it's hard to find food in winter.9. The terrible forest fire k hundreds of wild animals last month. I feel sorry for them. aroundincludestonsactharmreturncoverstorekilled方框选词：从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在横线上填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次课堂巩固 Frogs (青蛙) are an environmental warning system. Their skin takes in whatever is in the environment. This means that if the environment is polluted, then a frog's skin takes in the 1. and the frog dies. For this reason, if there's something wrong in the environment,frogs are the 2. to die. If there are 3. frogs in an area, it's a good sign that the environment is healthy. However, frog numbers around the world are 4. faster now than ever before. 5. , up to 200 kinds of frogs have died out. This is a disaster. Frogs are needed in the food chain(链) as food for animals like snakes, birds and fish. Frogs are also needed in the food chain to eat insects such as grasshoppers (蚱蜢). The world needs frogs.drop till now plenty of pollute one pollutionfirstplenty ofdroppingTill now课堂巩固The Taklimakan(塔克拉玛干) Desert, known 1. the“Sea of Death”, is the world's second-largest moving desert. It covers 2. area of about 337 600 square kilometres. To protect the environment, a 3 046-kilometre green belt (防护带) has been built around it in the past forty years by planting trees in Yutian County.3. (build) this green belt was difficult. First,the desert is so huge that it makes 4. 76% of Xinjiang's desert area. Second, its sand dunes (沙丘) are surprisingly high, with some reaching300metres! This task needed a lot more time and money than usual. Moreover, the weather there is 5. (terrible) dry. What's worse, sandstorms happen very often, making the work even 6. (hard).短文填空asanBuildingupterriblyharder课堂巩固However, completing the green belt is now seen as a great 7. (successful). Experts say it is one of the most important achievements (成绩) in human history. It not only protects water and plants from sandstorms, but also 8. (improve) the environment and helps farming. Most importantly,it shows China has put great efforts into 9. (protect) the environment.Xinjiang plans to make the green belt 10. (two) its area by 2030. Their goal is to recover 2.34 million hectares of desert land.短文填空successimprovesprotectingtwiceTHANKS