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      高中英语人教版必修一Unit 3 Sports and Fitness知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法知识)

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      人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案

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      这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案,共9页。学案主要包含了核心词汇,重点短语,核心句式,语法知识等内容,欢迎下载使用。
      一、核心词汇(含解释与例句)
      (一)基础核心词
      1.fitness
      [词性]n.
      [含义]健康;健壮;适合
      [例句]Regular exercise is imprtant fr maintaining physical fitness.(规律运动对保持身体健康很重要。)
      2.sweat
      [词性]vt.使出汗;vi.出汗;n.汗水;出汗
      [含义]作动词时表示“使出汗”或“自身出汗”,作名词时指“汗水”或“出汗的过程”
      [例句]The ht weather made him sweat a lt.(炎热的天气让他出了很多汗。)(vi.)
      She wiped the sweat frm her frehead.(她擦去了额头上的汗水。)(n.)
      3.legend
      [词性]n.
      [含义]传奇故事(或人物);传说
      [例句]Ya Ming is a legend in Chinese basketball histry.(姚明是中国篮球史上的传奇人物。)
      4.master
      [词性]n.高手;主人;vt.精通;掌握
      [含义]作名词时指“在某领域技艺高超的人”或“主人”,作动词时表示“熟练掌握技能”
      [例句]He is a master f traditinal Chinese painting.(他是中国画大师。)(n.)
      It takes years t master a freign language.(掌握一门外语需要数年时间。)(vt.)
      5.apart
      [词性]adv.
      [含义]分离;分开;成碎片
      [例句]The tw friends were separated apart by distance after graduatin.(毕业后,这两位朋友因距离而分开。)
      6.strength
      [词性]n.
      [含义]力量;体力
      [例句]Weight training helps build up muscle strength.(举重训练有助于增强肌肉力量。)
      7.pretend
      [词性]vi.& vt.
      [含义]假装;装扮
      搭配:pretend t d sth.(假装做某事)
      [例句]She pretended t be asleep when her mther came in.(妈妈进来时,她假装睡着了。)
      8.cheat
      [词性]vi.作弊;vt.欺骗;n.欺骗手段;骗子
      [例句]He was caught cheating in the exam.(他考试作弊被抓了。)(vi.)
      Dn’t cheat yur friends; hnesty is imprtant.(不要欺骗朋友,诚实很重要。)(vt.)
      The cmpany used a clever cheat t avid paying taxes.(这家公司用了一个狡猾的手段逃税。)(n.)
      9.psitive
      [词性]adj.
      [含义]积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的
      [例句]She has a psitive attitude twards life even when facing difficulties.(即使面对困难,她对生活也持积极态度。)
      10.diet
      [词性]n.规定饮食;日常饮食;vi.节食
      [例句]A balanced diet is gd fr ur health.(均衡的饮食对我们的健康有益。)(n.)
      She is dieting t lse a few kils befre her wedding.(她正在节食,想在婚礼前瘦几公斤。)(vi.)
      (二)词性拓展词
      1.hnur
      [原词]n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸;vt.给予表扬
      [拓展词]hnurable adj.光荣的;可敬的;高贵的
      [例句]It’s an hnur t be invited t speak here.(受邀在这里发言是一种荣幸。)(原词 n.)
      He is an hnurable man wh always keeps his prmises.(他是个可敬的人,总是信守承诺。)(拓展词 adj.)
      2.glry
      [原词]n.荣誉;光荣;赞美
      [拓展词]glrius adj.光荣的;辉煌的;极好的
      [例句]The team fught hard t win glry fr their cuntry.(这支队伍努力拼搏,为国家赢得荣誉。)(原词 n.)
      We had a glrius time at the beach last weekend.(上周末我们在海滩度过了一段美好的时光。)(拓展词 adj.)
      3.champin
      [原词]n.冠军;优胜者
      [拓展词]champinship n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号
      [例句]She became the wrld champin in wmen’s tennis.(她成为了女子网球世界冠军。)(原词 n.)
      The natinal basketball champinship will be held next mnth.(全国篮球锦标赛将于下个月举行。)(拓展词 n.)
      4.determine
      [原词]vi.& vt.决定;确定
      [拓展词]
      determinatin n.决心;决定
      determined adj.有决心的
      [例句]He determined t study abrad after graduatin.(他决定毕业后出国留学。)(原词 vt.)
      Her determinatin t succeed helped her vercme many bstacles.(她成功的决心帮助她克服了许多障碍。)(拓展词 n.)
      She is determined t finish the prject n time.(她下定决心要按时完成这个项目。)(拓展词 adj.)
      5.injure
      [原词]vt.使受伤;损害
      [拓展词]
      injury n.损伤;伤害
      injured adj.受伤的
      injurius adj.有害的
      [例句]He injured his leg while playing ftball.(他踢足球时弄伤了腿。)(原词 vt.)
      The accident caused serius injuries t three peple.(这起事故造成三人重伤。)(拓展词 n.)
      The injured passengers were sent t the hspital immediately.(受伤的乘客被立即送往医院。)(拓展词 adj.)
      Smking is injurius t health.(吸烟有害健康。)(拓展词 adj.)
      6.grace
      [原词]n.优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲
      [拓展词]
      graceful adj.优美的;优雅的
      gracius adj.和蔼的;慈祥的
      [例句]The ballerina mved with grace n the stage.(芭蕾舞女演员在舞台上优雅地舞动。)(原词 n.)
      She has a graceful way f talking.(她说话的方式很优雅。)(拓展词 adj.)
      The ld lady is always gracius t her neighbrs.(这位老太太对邻居总是很和蔼。)(拓展词 adj.)
      7.fail
      [原词]vi.失败;vt.不及格;使失望
      [拓展词]failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物)
      [例句]He failed in his attempt t climb the muntain.(他攀登那座山的尝试失败了。)(原词 vi.)
      The exam was difficult, and many students failed it.(考试很难,很多学生没及格。)(原词 vt.)
      His failure t keep his prmise made his friends angry.(他没能信守承诺,这让他的朋友很生气。)(拓展词 n.)
      8.cmpete
      [原词]vi.竞争;对抗
      [拓展词]
      cmpetitr n.竞争者;对手
      cmpetitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
      [例句]Athletes frm all ver the wrld will cmpete in the Olympics.(来自世界各地的运动员将在奥运会上竞争。)(原词 vi.)
      There are many cmpetitrs in the jb market.(就业市场上有很多竞争者。)(拓展词 n.)
      Our prducts are very cmpetitive in price and quality.(我们的产品在价格和质量上都很有竞争力。)(拓展词 adj.)
      9.stress
      [原词]n.压力;紧张;重音;vt.强调;重读;使焦虑不安;vi.焦虑不安
      [拓展词]
      stressed adj.紧张的;感到有压力的
      stressful adj.有压力的
      [例句]Wrk stress can affect bth physical and mental health.(工作压力会影响身心健康。)(原词 n.)
      The teacher stressed the imprtance f ding hmewrk regularly.(老师强调了按时做作业的重要性。)(原词 vt.)
      She feels stressed when she has t give a speech.(当她要发表演讲时,会感到紧张。)(拓展词 adj.)
      Taking care f a sick child is a stressful jb.(照顾生病的孩子是一份有压力的工作。)(拓展词 adj.)
      10.athlete
      [原词]n.运动员;运动健儿
      [拓展词]athletic adj.运动的;运动员的;体格健壮的
      [例句]He is a talented athlete wh has wn many medals.(他是一位有天赋的运动员,赢得了许多奖牌。)(原词 n.)
      She has an athletic build because she exercises every day.(她每天锻炼,所以体格健壮。)(拓展词 adj.)
      11.fit
      [原词]adj.适合的;健康的;vt.& vi.适合
      [拓展词]
      unfit adj.不适合的
      fitness n.健康;健壮;适合(与基础核心词1重复,侧重词性拓展关联)
      [例句]This dress desn’t fit me; it’s t small.(这条裙子不适合我,太小了。)(原词 vt.)
      He keeps fit by running every mrning.(他每天早上跑步保持健康。)(原词 adj.)
      He is unfit fr this jb because he lacks experience.(他缺乏经验,不适合这份工作。)(拓展词 adj.)
      12.significance
      [原词]n.重要性;意义
      [拓展词]significant adj.重要的;影响深远的
      [例句]The discvery has great significance fr medical research.(这项发现对医学研究有重大意义。)(原词 n.)
      There has been a significant imprvement in his English skills.(他的英语技能有了显著提高。)(拓展词 adj.)
      13.chemistry
      [原词]n.化学
      [拓展词]chemist n.化学家;药剂师;药房
      [例句]She studies chemistry at university.(她在大学里学化学。)(原词 n.)
      The chemist develped a new type f medicine.(这位化学家研发了一种新型药物。)(拓展词 n.)
      Yu can buy this medicine at the lcal chemist.(你可以在当地药房买到这种药。)(拓展词 n.)
      14.bilgy
      [原词]n.生理;生物学
      [拓展词]bilgist n.生物学家
      [例句]He is interested in marine bilgy.(他对海洋生物学感兴趣。)(原词 n.)
      The bilgist spent years studying the behavir f mnkeys.(这位生物学家花了数年时间研究猴子的行为。)(拓展词 n.)
      15.accuracy
      [原词]n.精确度;准确度
      [拓展词]accurate adj.精确的
      [例句]The accuracy f the data is very imprtant fr the experiment.(数据的准确性对实验至关重要。)(原词 n.)
      Yu need t make accurate measurements fr this prject.(这个项目需要你进行精确的测量。)(拓展词 adj.)
      16.minrity
      [原词]n.少数
      [拓展词]minr adj.小的
      [例句]Only a minrity f students prefer t study nline.(只有少数学生更喜欢在线学习。)(原词 n.)
      He made a minr mistake in his reprt.(他在报告中犯了一个小错误。)(拓展词 adj.)
      17.riginal
      [原词]adj.最初的;原始的
      [拓展词]rigin n.起源;起因
      [例句]This is the riginal design f the building.(这是这座建筑的原始设计图。)(原词 adj.)
      The rigin f this traditin dates back t ancient times.(这个传统的起源可以追溯到古代。)(拓展词 n.)
      18.mentally
      [原词]adv.精神上;智力上
      [拓展词]mental adj.精神的;脑力的
      [例句]He is physically strng but mentally weak.(他身体强壮,但精神脆弱。)(原词 adv.)
      Mental health is just as imprtant as physical health.(心理健康和身体健康同样重要。)(拓展词 adj.)
      19.cnfirm
      [原词]v.证实;证明
      [拓展词]cnfirmatin n.证实;确认
      [例句]The test results cnfirmed that he was ill.(检测结果证实他生病了。)(原词 v.)
      We are waiting fr cnfirmatin f the meeting time.(我们在等待会议时间的确认。)(拓展词 n.)
      20.crwd
      [原词]n.人群
      [拓展词]crwded adj.拥挤的
      [例句]A large crwd gathered utside the stadium.(一大群人聚集在体育场外。)(原词 n.)
      The train was s crwded that I culdn’t find a seat.(火车太拥挤了,我找不到座位。)(拓展词 adj.)
      21.aware
      [原词]adj.意识到的;知道的
      [拓展词]
      unaware adj.未觉察到的;未意识到的
      awareness n.知道;认识;意识
      [例句]She was aware f the risks befre starting the prject.(开始这个项目前,她就意识到了风险。)(原词 adj.)
      He was unaware f the changes in the plan.(他没意识到计划中的变化。)(拓展词 adj.)
      We need t raise public awareness f envirnmental prtectin.(我们需要提高公众的环保意识。)(拓展词 n.)
      22.clth
      [原词]n.布
      [拓展词]
      clthes n.衣服
      clthing n.(总称)衣服
      [例句]She bught a piece f clth t make a skirt.(她买了一块布做裙子。)(原词 n.)
      He changed his clthes befre ging ut.(他出门前换了衣服。)(拓展词 n.)
      The stre sells a wide range f children’s clthing.(这家商店出售各种儿童服装。)(拓展词 n.)
      23.wl
      [原词]n.羊毛;毛织物
      [拓展词]wlen adj.羊毛的
      [例句]This sweater is made f pure wl.(这件毛衣是纯羊毛做的。)(原词 n.)
      She bught a wlen scarf t keep warm in winter.(她买了一条羊毛围巾,冬天用来保暖。)(拓展词 adj.)
      24.bleed
      [原词]v.流血
      [拓展词]
      bleeding n.流血;失血
      bld n.血
      [例句]His nse started t bleed after the fight.(打架后,他的鼻子开始流血。)(原词 v.)
      The dctr stpped the bleeding quickly.(医生很快止住了血。)(拓展词 n.)
      Bld is essential fr life.(血液对生命至关重要。)(拓展词 n.)
      25.permit
      [原词]v.允许;准许;许可
      [拓展词]permissin n.许可;允许
      [例句]The teacher permitted us t leave early.(老师允许我们提前离开。)(原词 v.)
      Yu need t ask fr permissin befre using the equipment.(使用这台设备前,你需要申请许可。)(拓展词 n.)
      26.relate
      [原词]v.相联系;有关联;讲述
      [拓展词]
      relatin n.关系;联系;亲属;亲戚
      relatinship n.关系;关联
      [例句]Hw des this event relate t ur prject?(这件事和我们的项目有什么关联?)(原词 v.)
      There is a clse relatin between diet and health.(饮食和健康之间有密切联系。)(拓展词 n.)
      She has a gd relatinship with her clleagues.(她和同事们关系很好。)(拓展词 n.)
      二、重点短语
      1.cme alng
      [含义]跟随;到达;进步;赶快
      [例句]If yu’re ging t the library, can I cme alng?(如果你去图书馆,我能一起去吗?)
      2.make it
      [含义]获得成功;准时到达
      [例句]After several delays, we finally made it t the airprt n time.(经历了几次延误后,我们终于准时到达了机场。)
      3.fall apart
      [含义]破裂;破碎;崩溃
      [例句]Their marriage fell apart after they had a big argument.(大吵一架后,他们的婚姻破裂了。)
      4.lse heart
      [含义]丧失信心;泄气
      [例句]Dn’t lse heart—keep trying and yu’ll succeed.(别灰心,继续努力,你一定会成功的。)
      5.give up
      [含义]放弃;投降
      [例句]He never gives up his dream f becming a dctr.(他从未放弃成为一名医生的梦想。)
      6.make sense
      [含义]有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
      [例句]His explanatin didn’t make sense, s n ne understd him.(他的解释不合情理,所以没人听懂。)
      7.even if/thugh
      [含义]即使;虽然
      [例句]Even thugh it rained heavily, we still went hiking.(尽管雨下得很大,我们还是去徒步了。)
      8.make a difference
      [含义]有作用或影响
      [例句]Small changes in yur daily life can make a big difference t the envirnment.(日常生活中的小改变能对环境产生大影响。)
      9.rather than
      [含义]而不是
      [例句]I prefer t read bks rather than watch TV in my free time.(空闲时,我更喜欢看书而不是看电视。)

      [含义]停止做;剪下
      [例句]Yu shuld cut ut eating t much sugar t keep healthy.(为了保持健康,你应该停止吃太多糖。)
      11.wrk ut
      [含义]锻炼;计算出;解决
      [例句]I wrk ut at the gym three times a week.(我每周在健身房锻炼三次。)
      12.cmpared with
      [含义]与……相比
      [例句]Cmpared with last year, ur cmpany’s prfits have increased by 15%.(与去年相比,我们公司的利润增长了15%。)
      三、核心句式
      1.让步状语从句(even if 引导)
      [原句]A sccer player shuld nt pretend t fall dwn even if it helps his/her team.
      [含义]一个足球运动员不应该假装跌倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
      [结构解析]even if 引导让步状语从句,表“即使……”,主句用情态动词 shuld 提出建议。
      [仿写]We shuldn’t tell lies even if it can help us avid truble.(即使能帮我们避免麻烦,我们也不应该说谎。)
      2.条件状语从句(nce 引导)
      [原句]Once I started thinking abut fitness rather than weight, things began t change.
      [含义]一旦我开始思考身体是否健康而不是体重,事情开始发生了变化。
      [结构解析]nce 引导条件状语从句,表“一旦……”,主句与从句均用一般过去时,体现动作的先后顺序。
      [仿写]Once yu understand the rules, the game will becme easier.(一旦你理解了规则,这个游戏就会变得简单。)
      3.定语从句(which 引导)
      [原句]The Bys and Girls Club which he started in Chicag has been helping yung peple since 1996.
      [含义]他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
      [结构解析]which 引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 The Bys and Girls Club,在从句中作宾语;主句用现在完成进行时 have been helping,强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续。
      [仿写]The schl library which was built last year has many new bks.(去年建成的学校图书馆有很多新书。)
      4.instead f 短语作状语
      [原句]Instead f saying “I want t lse three kils”,I wuld say “I want t run tw kilmetres in eight minutes” r “I want t be able t d 30 push-ups”.
      [含义]我不再说“我想减掉3千克”,而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。
      [结构解析]instead f 后接动名词短语,表“而不是做……”,主句用 wuld 表达意愿上的转变。
      [仿写]Instead f staying at hme, we decided t g fr a walk in the park.(我们决定去公园散步,而不是待在家里。)
      5.by 短语作方式状语
      [原句]By being psitive abut myself and my bdy, I became bth happier and healthier.
      [含义]通过积极看待自我和自己的身体,我变得更快乐、更健康了。
      [结构解析]by 后接动名词短语,表“通过做……”,说明主句动作发生的方式,主句用一般过去时表结果。
      [仿写]By practicing speaking every day, he imprved his English a lt.(通过每天练习口语,他的英语进步了很多。)
      6.主谓宾结构(含 seem t d 搭配)
      [原句]In the final secnds f a game, Jrdan always seemed t find a way t win.
      [含义]在一场比赛的最后几秒钟,乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。
      [结构解析]seem t d 为固定搭配,表“似乎做……”,句首 in the final secnds f a game 作时间状语,修饰整个句子。
      [仿写]In the early mrning, the birds always seem t sing ludly.(清晨,鸟儿似乎总是大声歌唱。)
      四、语法知识(基于教材题型)
      (一)词性转换专项(典型示例)
      1.动词→名词:
      cnfirm → cnfirmatin(The cnfirmatin f the news made everyne happy.)
      injure → injury(He suffered a serius injury in the accident.)
      determine → determinatin(Her determinatin helped her achieve her gal.)
      2.名词→形容词:
      crwd → crwded(The street was crwded with peple during the festival.)
      stress → stressful(Wrking in a busy ffice can be stressful.)
      fit → unfit(He is unfit fr heavy wrk because f his pr health.)
      3.形容词→名词/副词:
      strng → strength(She has the strength t vercme difficulties.)
      aware → awareness(We need t imprve public awareness f safety.)
      mental → mentally(She is mentally strng and never gives up.)
      (二)单句语法填空(教材典型题)
      1.Eager t save the by, he pushed against the rck with all his strength (strng).(形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词)
      2.N matter what difficulties we are faced with; we always have the determinatin (determine) t slve them.(定冠词 the 后接名词作宾语)
      3.Unfrtunately, he suffered serius injuries (injure) t the head and legs in the traffic accident.(形容词 serius 后接名词,由“头部和腿部”可知用复数)
      4.Jrdan says that the secret t his success is learning frm his failures (failure).(failure 表“失败的经历”时为可数名词,用复数表泛指)
      5.Nne f the passengers and crew were injured (injure).(主语与 injure 为被动关系,用过去分词作表语)
      (三)语篇填空(教材原文改编)
      Tai Chi is part f China’s traditinal culture.It is a unique type f Chinese kung fu marked with slw and gentle mvements which/that (引导定语从句,修饰 mvements) are designed fr self-prtectin, strengthening f bdy and preventin f diseases.Tai Chi’s mvements with deep breathing and relaxatin can help prmte inner peace and calm, s it is suitable fr (固定搭配 be suitable fr) peple f different ages.
      Tai Chi dates (一般现在时,主语为单数) back as far as 2,500 years.It is said that Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taist, invented Tai Chi after watching a (泛指“一场搏斗”,fight 以辅音音素开头) fight between a snake and a bird.Hwever, mre peple tend t believe that Tai Chi was develped (一般过去时被动语态,Tai Chi 与 develp 为被动关系) n the basis f martial arts skills by Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master f Chinese martial arts.
      In general, it is believed that Tai Chi can slw dwn aging, strengthen muscles, and aid in the treatment f heart disease, skin diseases and many ther illnesses (many 后接可数名词复数).Besides, Tai Chi can imprve md if peple are wrried r depressed.Accrding t sme studies, practicing (动名词作主语) Tai Chi n a daily basis can als help peple get a better (比较级,表“更好的睡眠”) sleep.With s many benefits f Tai Chi, mre and mre peple begin t pick up this amazing (形容词修饰名词 sprt) Chinese traditinal sprt t imprve the quality f their (形容词性物主代词修饰 life) life.

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      高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册电子课本

      Unit 3 Sports and fitness

      版本: 人教版 (2019)

      年级: 必修 第一册

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