【04-暑假培优练】09 过去分词作表语和状语 选修二 Unit 4 (教师版)-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份【04-暑假培优练】09 过去分词作表语和状语 选修二 Unit 4 (教师版)-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共17页。试卷主要包含了过去分词作表语的用法，过去分词作状语的用法，过去分词作表语和作状语的区别等内容，欢迎下载使用。
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一、过去分词作表语的用法
考点二、过去分词作状语的用法
考点三、过去分词作表语和作状语的区别
☛第二层 能力培优练
精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优
☛第三层 拓展突破练
最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破
过去分词作表语的用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
1. 概念：过去分词作表语时，其作用相当于形容词，用于说明主语的状态或特征，通常与系动词（如 be, get, becme, lk, seem, feel, sund, taste, remain 等）连用。
2. 构成：动词的过去分词形式。
3. 用法及例句
表示主语的心理或情感状态：I'm interested in this bk.（我对这本书感兴趣。）其中 interested 是过去分词作表语，表示主语 “I” 的情感状态。
表示主语所处的状态或情况：The dr remained lcked.（门仍然锁着。）lcked 说明门的状态。
用于描述主语的外观或特征：The city lks damaged after the earthquake.（地震后这座城市看起来受损了。）damaged 描述城市的外观特征。
一、单项选择题
1. The children were ______ after the lng jurney.
A. tiring B. tired C. being tired D. t be tired
答案：B
解析：tired 表示 “感到疲倦的”，用来形容人的状态，作表语，而 tiring 表示 “令人疲倦的”，用来形容事物，所以选 B。
2. The stry sunds ______.
A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. t interest
答案：A
解析：interesting 表示 “有趣的”，用来描述 stry 的特征，作表语，interested 通常用来形容人对某事感兴趣，所以选 A。
3. The cup is ______. I need t buy a new ne.
A. break B. breaking C. brken D. t break
答案：C
解析：brken 表示 “破碎的”，说明杯子的状态，作表语，所以选 C。
4. She lks ______ in her new dress.
A. beautifully B. beauty C. t be beautiful D. beautiful
答案：D
解析：lk 在这里是系动词，后接形容词作表语，beautiful 是形容词，所以选 D。
5. The result f the exam was ______. He was disappinted.
A. disappinting B. disappinted C. disappint D. t disappint
答案：A
解析：disappinting 表示 “令人失望的”，用来描述 result 的性质，作表语，disappinted 通常用来形容人感到失望，所以选 A。
二、填空题
1. After hurs f negtiatin, the terms f the cntract seemed finally ________ (settle), and bth parties were ready t sign.
答案：settled
解析：句意为 “经过数小时的谈判，合同条款似乎最终确定下来，双方都准备签字”。seem 为系动词，过去分词 settled 作表语，说明 the terms f the cntract（合同条款）的状态，即已确定的状态。
2. The audience was left ________ (astnish) by the magician's incredible perfrmance that defied all lgic.
答案：astnished
解析：意思是 “观众被魔术师那不可思议、违背所有逻辑的表演惊呆了”。be left 后接形容词作表语，过去分词 astnished 表示观众所处的心理状态，即感到惊讶的。
3. The students were ______ (thrill) t learn that they wuld have the pprtunity t meet a famus scientist in persn.
答案：thrilled
解析：句意为 “学生们得知将有机会亲自见到一位著名科学家，感到非常激动”。were 是系动词，thrilled（激动的）作表语，表达学生们的心理状态，说明学生们处于激动的情绪之中。
4. The ld castle, nce magnificent, nw appeared rather ________ (neglect) with brken walls and vergrwn weeds.
答案：neglected
解析：“这座古老的城堡，曾经宏伟壮观，现在因墙壁破损、杂草丛生而显得相当荒废”。appear 是系动词，过去分词 neglected 作表语，体现城堡当前呈现出的被忽视、荒废的状态。
5. The situatin in the regin has becme increasingly ______ (cmplicate), with multiple factrs interacting in unexpected ways.
答案：cmplicated
解析：句子意思为 “该地区的局势变得越来越复杂，多种因素以意想不到的方式相互作用”。becme 为系动词，cmplicated（复杂的）作表语，用于描述 situatin（局势）的状态，表明局势处于复杂的状态。
过去分词作状的用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
1. 概念：过去分词作状语时，它在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
2. 构成：动词的过去分词形式。
3. 用法及例句
表示时间：Seen frm the tp f the hill, the city is very beautiful.（从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。）这里 Seen 表示 “在被看的时候”，作时间状语，其逻辑主语是 the city。
表示原因：Absrbed in his wrk, he didn't ntice me cme in.（因为他专注于工作，所以没有注意到我进来。）Absrbed 表示原因，逻辑主语是 he。
表示条件：Given mre time, we culd d it better.（如果给我们更多时间，我们可以做得更好。）Given 表示条件，逻辑主语是 we。
表示让步：Thugh defeated, he didn't lse heart.（尽管被打败了，他并没有灰心。）defeated 表示让步，逻辑主语是 he。
表示伴随：She walked int the rm, fllwed by her little dg.（她走进房间，后面跟着她的小狗。）fllwed 表示伴随情况，逻辑主语是 she。
一、单项选择题
1. ______ in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
A. Lsing B. Lst C. Having lst D. T lse
答案：B
解析：lst in thught 表示 “陷入沉思”，是固定搭配，lst 作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 he，所以选 B。
2. ______ frm space, the earth lks like a blue ball.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. T see
答案：C
解析：地球是被看，seen 表示 “被看的时候”，作时间状语，逻辑主语是 the earth，所以选 C。
3. ______ mre attentin, the trees culd have grwn better.
A. Having given B. T give C. Giving D. Given
答案：D
解析：trees 是 “被给予关注”，given 表示条件，逻辑主语是 the trees，所以选 D。
4. ______ by his friends, he finally changed his mind.
A. Persuaded B. Persuading C. T persuade D. Having persuaded
答案：A
解析：他是 “被朋友说服”，persuaded 作原因状语，逻辑主语是 he，所以选 A。
5. The teacher came int the classrm, ______ by his students.
A. fllwing B. fllwed C. t fllw D. having fllwed
答案：B
解析：老师是 “被学生跟着”，fllwed 表示伴随情况，逻辑主语是 the teacher，所以选 B。
二、填空题
6. ______ (cmpare) with last year, ur sales have increased a lt.
答案：Cmpared
解析：ur sales 与 cmpare 之间是被动关系，“与…… 相比” 用 cmpared，作条件状语。
7. ______ (equip) with the latest technlgy, the factry can prduce high - quality prducts efficiently.
答案：Equipped
解析：句意为 “配备了最新的技术，这家工厂能够高效地生产高质量产品”。“the factry” 和 “equip” 是被动关系，即工厂被配备技术，过去分词 Equipped 作条件状语，说明工厂能够高效生产的条件是配备了新技术。
8. ______ (heat) t a certain temperature, water can turn int steam.
答案：Heated
解析：water 是 “被加热”，heated 作条件状语。
9. The dg lay n the grund, ______ (injure) in a traffic accident.
答案：injured
解析：“这只狗躺在地上，在一场交通事故中受伤了”。过去分词 injured 作伴随状语，与句子主语 “the dg” 是被动关系，描述狗躺在地上时伴随的受伤状态。
10. ______ (expse) t the sun fr t lng, the flwers will die.
答案：Expsed
解析：flwers 是 “被暴露在阳光下”，expsed 作条件状语。
过去分词作表语和作状语的区别【知识积累·练前热身】
1. 语法功能不同：
作表语时，过去分词与系动词一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态或特征，是句子的核心成分之一。例如：The glass is brken.（玻璃碎了。）brken 作表语，和 is 共同构成谓语。
作状语时，过去分词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中起副词的作用，不是句子的核心成分。例如：Excited by the news, he jumped up.（因为这个消息很激动，他跳了起来。）Excited 作原因状语，修饰动词 jumped。
2. 与主语的关系不同：
作表语时，过去分词与主语之间是一种主系表的关系，说明主语的性质或状态。例如：The man seems tired.（这个人看起来很累。）tired 与 the man 是主系表关系。
作状语时，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。例如：Hit by the car, the by was badly injured.（这个男孩被车撞了，伤得很重。）the by 是 hit 这个动作的承受者。
一、单项选择题
1. The windw is ______. It needs repairing.
A. break B. breaking C. brken D. t break
答案：C
解析：这里 brken 作表语，说明窗户的状态是破碎的，如果选 breaking 则表示 “正在破碎”，不符合语境，所以选 C。
2. ______ in the accident, the car was badly damaged.
A. Invlving B. Invlved C. T invlve D. Having invlved
答案：B
解析：car 是 “被卷入事故”，invlved 作原因状语，而不是作表语，如果作表语应该是 The car is invlved. 所以选 B。
3. The man lked ______ when he heard the news.
A. wrry B. wrrying C. wrried D. t wrry
答案：C
解析：wrried 作表语，说明人的状态是 “担忧的”，如果用 wrrying 则表示 “令人担忧的”，不符合语境，所以选 C。
4. ______ by the nise, the baby wke up.
A. Frightening B. Frightened C. T frighten D. Having frightened
答案：B
解析：baby 是 “被噪音吓到”，frightened 作原因状语，而不是作表语，如果作表语应该是 The baby is frightened. 所以选 B。
5. The dr remained ______ all night.
A. clse B. clsing C. t clse D. clsed
答案：D
解析：clsed 作表语，说明门的状态是 “关闭的”，如果选 clsing 则表示 “正在关闭”，不符合语境，所以选 D。
二、改错题
6. The by was exciting when he saw the new tys.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：将 exciting 改为 excited
解析：这里应该用 excited 作表语，表示男孩的心理状态是 “兴奋的”，exciting 表示 “令人兴奋的”，用来形容事物。
7. Lst in the frest, a guide fund them.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：将 Lst 改为 Finding
解析：这里逻辑主语是 a guide，应该是 “a guide 发现他们”，用 finding 作伴随状语，而不是 lst。
8. The bk is bred. I dn't want t read it.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：将 bred 改为 bring
解析：这里应该用 bring 作表语，表示书的特征是 “无聊的”，bred 通常用来形容人感到无聊。
9. Having nt been infrmed f the change f the meeting time, Tm arrived late.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：将 Having nt 改为 Nt having
解析：Tm 是 “被通知”，要用被动形式，且非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加 nt，所以应是 Nt having been infrmed，作原因状语，表明 Tm 迟到的原因是没被通知到会议时间的改变。
10. The girl was interesting in the stry.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：将 interesting 改为 interested
解析：这里应该用 interested 作表语，表示女孩对故事感兴趣，interesting 表示 “有趣的”，用来形容故事。
一、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fictin mvie, 1 is based n the nvel f 2 same name by Liu Cixin, and was released n February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.
After learning the sun is dying ut ,peple all arund the wrld feel 3 (panic),s they build giant planet thrusters(星球推进器)t mve the earth ut f its rbit and sail 4 t a new star system. The 2500 years’ jurney cmes with unexpected dangers, but in rder t save humanity, a grup f yung peple cme ut bravely and fight hard fr everyne’s 5 (survive)。
We 6 (impress) t see the theme f this film. It desn’t particularly shw smebdy’s ability t save ur wrld 7 shws all the human beings are wrking tgether, 8 (spare)n effrt t save this wrld.
The Wandering Earth is seen by peple 9 the dawn(开端) f Chinese science fictin mvies. It means that China’s sci-fi mvies have 10 (fficial) set sail.
【答案】
1．which 2．the 3．panicked 4．it 5．survival 6．are impressed 7．but 8．sparing 9．as 10．fficially
【分析】本文是一篇电影介绍。文章介绍了根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影《流浪的地球》。
1．考查定语从句。句意：《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处mvie是先行词，指物，后面的非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为which。
2．考查定冠词the。句意：《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处特指“相同的名字”，所以在same前用定冠词the，故答案为the。
3．考查过去分词作表语。句意：在得知太阳即将灭绝后，世界各地的人们都感到恐慌。此处表示“感到惊慌”，修饰人，所以用加ed的形容词作表语，故答案为panicked。
4．考查it用法。句意：所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器，把地球从轨道上移开，把它带到一个新的恒星系统。此处用it指代上文的the earth，故答案为it。
5．考查词形转换。句意：但为了拯救人类，一群年轻人勇敢地站出来，为每个人的生存而努力奋斗。名词所有格后面用名词形式，survive的名词形式是survival。故答案为survival。
6．考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：我们对这部电影的主题印象深刻。此处句子主语we和impress之间是被动关系，结合句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，且主语是复数。故答案为are impressed。
7．考查并列连词。句意：它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，不遗余力地拯救这个世界。固定搭配：nt---but“不是---而是---”。故答案为but。
8．考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，不遗余力地拯救这个世界。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为sparing。
9．考查介词。句意：《漫游地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。固定搭配：see---as“把------看作------”。故答案为as。
10．考查词形转换。句意：这意味着中国科幻电影正式启航。此处set是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为fficially。
阅读下面短文，在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
I will never frget the day when I went t a cming-f age ceremny. Last mnth, an unfrgettable adult ceremny 1 (hld) fr all the senir 3 students in ur schl. It began at half past tw in the afternn. Decrated by clrful flwers and ballns, the stadium lked 2 (fantastic) beautiful. All f us students were dressed 3 schl unifrms with red ribbns n ur wrists, shwing the energy f yuth. We walked int the stadium in high spirits. 4 (accmpany) by ur parents. Our principal delivered 5 inspiring speech at first, and we received 6 (cngratulate) frm ur teachers. During the ceremny, we expressed ur heart-felt gratitude t ur parents by 7 (bw) t them. I was mved t tears when I gt a pht album frm my parents, 8 reminded me f my happy childhd. In the end, we raised ur right hands and 9 (make) a serius prmise t becme reliable and hnest citizens. As far as I’m cncerned, the ceremny indicates that we shuld take n mre respnsibilities t be 10 (independence) and get away frm the shelter f ur family.
【答案】
1．was held 2．fantastically 3．in 4．accmpanied 5．an 6．cngratulatins 7．bwing 8．which 9．made 10．independent
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者成人典礼的过程以及它给作者带来的感悟。
1．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上个月，一场令人难忘的高三成人礼在我校举行。an unfrgettable adult ceremny（主语）与hld（谓语）是被动，last mnth是过去时间状语，故填was held。
2．考查副词。句意：运动场看起来极其漂亮。要用副词修饰形容词beautiful，故填fantastically。
3．考查介词。句意：我们所有同学都穿着校服。be dressed in…穿着……，故填in。
4．考查过去分词。句意：我们在父母的陪伴下，情绪高昂地走进运动场。walked为句子的谓语，所以accmpany为非谓语，We与accmpany是被动，故填Accmpanied。
5．考查不定冠词。句意：我们的校长发表了鼓舞人心的演讲。deliver a speech做演讲。在本句中speech被inspiring修饰，且inspiring第一个音素为元音，故填an。
6．考查名词复数。句意：我们收到了老师们的祝贺。Cngratulatins贺词，祝贺，故填Cngratulatins。
7．考查动名词。句意：我们通过鞠躬的方式向我们的父母表达了衷心地感谢。by ding sth通过做某事，故填bwing。
8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：当我从父母手中接过一本影集时，它让我想起了我快乐的童年，我感动地流下了眼泪。句子的先行词为a pht album frm my parents，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可选that或which。又因为定语从句前有逗号，判断为非限制性定语从句，不选that，而选which，故填which。
9．考查一般过去时。句意：我们举起了我们的右手，庄严宣誓成为一名诚实守信的公民。and 连接谓语动词raised和made，故填made。
10．考查形容词。句意：……仪式表明我们应该承担更多的责任，独立自主，远离家庭的庇护。be后面用形容词，故填independent。
【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要，在小题4中可以很好地体现，在确定句子谓语是walked后，我们判断出accmpany是非谓语，再判断出句子主语we与accmpany是被动，所以用过去分词，故accmpanied 为正确答案。
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A lt f films have tried t describe ur memries f family members wh have passed away. But few have dne as 1 (remark) as Cc, Disney-Pixar’s latest animatin, 2 hit the big screen n Nv. 24 and wn the Oscar in 2018.
3 (inspire) by the Mexican hliday f Day f the Dead, the film’s prductin team created a yung by, Miguel, wh wants his family t understand his lve f music. An accident takes him t the Land f the Dead. While there, Miguel has 4 unfrgettable and adventurus night.
It’s in this magical wrld 5 Miguel gets t meet and discver the truth abut his great-great-grandpa. T prtect him frm 6 (disappear), Miguel has t bring his pht back t the living wrld as sn as pssible.
While tld with a wild imaginatin, the stry 7 (cnvey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when yung peple are s easily attracted by 8 (celebrity), Cc reveals the emptiness f such adulatin ( 谄媚), teaching kids 9 (preserve) and respect the memry f their elders while reminding them that the surce f true creativity is s ften 10 (persn),” wrte reprter Peter Debruge n Variety.
【答案】
1．remarkably 2．which 3．Inspired 4．an 5．that 6．disappearing 7．cnveys 8．celebrities 9．t preserve 10．persnal
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作《寻梦环游记》的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。
1．考查副词。句意：但是几乎没有几部电影能描写的像寻梦环游记这样引人注目。空格处单词处于as…as结构中，一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词dne，所以应用副词形式。故填remarkably。
2．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：寻梦环游记是迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的最新的动画巨作，它在11月24日上映并且赢得了2018年奥斯卡奖。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cc（指物），从句缺少主语，故填which。
3．考查过去分词作状语。句意：受墨西哥亡灵节的启发，制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。这句话谓语动词为created，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the film’s prductin team与inspire之间是被动关系，故填过去分词Inspired.
4．考查不定冠词。句意：在那儿的时候，米格尔度过了一个难忘的又充满危险的晚上。这里的一个晚上前边没有提到过，是泛指，且unfrgettable是以元音音素开始的，故填an。
5．考查强调句。句意：就是在这个有魔力的世界里，米格尔遇到了并发现了关于他祖爷爷的真相。这是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+wh (that)...”，这句话中强调的是地点状语，故填that。
6．考查动名词作宾语。句意：为保护祖爷爷不消失，米格尔必须尽可能早的将他的照片带回有生命的世界。“prtect…frm…”意为“保护……免遭……”，其中frm为介词，其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语。disappear（消失）是动词，所以空格处填动名词形式，故填disappearing。
7．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：尽管这个故事是以无边的想象的形式讲述的，但是这个故事传达了清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以现在时为主的，所以这句话应使用一般现在时。the stry是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填cnveys。
8．考查可数名词的复数形式。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名流吸引的时代，寻梦环游记揭露了这种谄媚的空虚，一方面教给孩子珍藏并尊重关于老人的记忆，一方面让他们知道真正的想象力经常是很私人的。由于这题空格位于介词by后，空格后没有其他名词，所以空格处应填名词形式。“celebrity（名人）”是可数名词，且其前没有冠词之类的限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。
9．考查不定式做宾补。句意同上。“and”前后连接两个并列的成份，且只有两个不定式并列式才可以省去第二个不定式的t使用动词原形，所以空格处填t不定式。且“teach sb. t d sth.”是一个固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”，故填t preserve。
10．考查形容词。句意同上。空格处位于be动词后作表语，应用形容词形式。故填persnal。
一、语法填空
（2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd 1 (name) the wrld’s ldest living man. And when 2 (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度). Tinniswd, 3 desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life. “If yu eat t much r d t much f anything, yu’re ging t suffer eventually,” he said.
【答案】1．was named 2．asked 3．wh
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人Jhn Tinniswd及其长寿秘诀。
1．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语Jhn Tinniswd之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Jhn Tinniswd是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
2．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
3．考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswd不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswd，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
【点睛】
（2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 1 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect 2 (city) frm castal winds. Fr these reasns, they are praised as “castal guardians”. Up t nw, China 3 (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
【答案】1．seen 2．cities 3．has established
【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
1．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrve frests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen frm afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
2．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up t nw(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
【点睛】
二、阅读理解
（2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw — several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
1．What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．If read by smene prly educated. B．If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C．If written by smene less cmpetent. D．If translated by smene unacademic.
2．What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A．It is packed with cmplex cdes. B．It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C．It prvides step-by-step instructins. D．It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
3．What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A．Observe existing regulatins n it.
B．Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C．Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D．Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T recmmend a bk n AI. B．T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C．T clarify the definitin f AI. D．T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
【点睛】
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. 2 Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
3 It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. 4 Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A．I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B．It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C．But I still dn't want t replace them.
D．But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E．Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F．That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G．Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
1．上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
2．上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
3．下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
4．下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
5．上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
【点睛】
三、书面表达
（2023·全国·高考真题） 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle schl, my scial studies teacher asked me t enter a writing cntest. I said n withut thinking. I did nt lve writing. My family came frm Brazil, s English was nly my secnd language. Writing was s difficult and painful fr me that my teacher had allwed me t present my paper n the sinking f the Titanic by acting ut a play, where I played all the parts. N ne laughed harder than he did.
S, why did he suddenly frce me t d smething at which I was sure t fail? His reply: “Because I lve yur stries. If yu’re willing t apply yurself, I think yu have a gd sht at this.” Encuraged by his wrds, I agreed t give it a try.
I chse Paul Revere’s hrse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Bstn wh rde a hrse at night n April 18, 1775 t Lexingtn t warn peple that British sldiers were cming. My stry wuld cme straight frm the hrse’s muth. Nt a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely t be anyne else’s chice.
What did the hrse think, as he sped thrugh the night? Did he get tired? Have dubts? Did he want t quit? I sympathized immediately. I gt tired. I had dubts. I wanted t quit. But, like Revere’s hrse, I kept ging. I wrked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my lder sister t crrect my grammar. I checked ut a half dzen bks n Paul Revere frm the library. I even read a few f them.
When I handed in the essay t my teacher, he read it, laughed ut lud, and said, “Great. Nw, write it again.” I wrte it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thught f winning had given way t the enjyment f writing. If I didn’t win, I wuldn’t care.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almst frgt the cntest, there came the news.
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I went t my teacher’s ffice after the award presentatin.
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【答案】
A few weeks later, when I almst frgt the cntest, there came the news. I was infrmed that I wn the first prize in the writing cntest and that there wuld be an award presentatin in tw days. I was s happy t hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew yu’d win! I am prud f yu. Yu made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited t the stage t receive the award, I expressed my thanks t my teacher. I said, “It’s yu wh make me fall in lve with writing, my scial studies teacher. Withut yur recgnitin and guidance, I culdn’t have written this article. Again thank yu very much!”
I went t my teacher’s ffice after the award presentatin. My teacher was waiting fr me. Hlding my hands, he said “Cngratulatins! Yu are a gd writer, s keep writing.” “Yu knw I didn’t like writing befre, but nw I am crazy abut it! I will try my best t create gd wrks.” I said seriusly. Since then, I have written many gd wrks and nw I am a famus writer. I we my success t my scial teacher wh is a beacn in my life n the rad t writing.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上中学的时候，社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作，于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累，但是没有放弃，坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时，作者感到写作让他很快乐，他已经不在乎输赢了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖，在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激。
②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作，自此作者坚持写作取得了成功，作者将这一切归功于自己的老师。
2.续写线索：比赛消息传来——作者获奖——高兴——颁奖典礼感谢老师——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师告诉作者坚持写作——作者表达了对写作的喜爱——作者写作取得了成功——感激老师
3.词汇激活
行为类
①告知：infrm/tell
②成功做到：make it/succeed
③表达：express/cnvey
情绪类
①高兴的：happy/glad
②激动地：excitedly/with excitement
【点睛】[高分句型1] I was infrmed that I wn the first prize in the writing cntest and that there wuld be an award presentatin in tw days. （运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2] It’s yu wh make me fall in lve with writing, my scial studies teacher.（运用了强调句）
[高分句型3] I we my success t my scial teacher wh is a beacn in my life n the rad t writing.（运用了wh引导的限制性定语从句）