高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness精品课后作业题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness精品课后作业题，共19页。试卷主要包含了On Oct等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This can lead t the kinds f (错误) n human wuld make.
2.The dctr recmmended that yu shuld exercise regularly and g n a d .
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.The manager stressed the imprtance f gd teamwrk.
词性: 词义:
2.The final exam is cming;all f us are under stress.
词性: 词义:
3.My father wrks ut in the gym tw r three times a week.
词义:
4.It tk her several days t wrk ut what caused the fire.
词义:
5.The flight leaves in fifty minutes. If we take a taxi, we shuld make it. 词义:
6.I experimented many times and finally I made it.
词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.She is psitive what the future might bring.
2.We Chinese peple celebrate the Dragn Bat Festival hnur f Qu Yuan.
3.The training is super hard,but the hardest part fr me is that I gt an (injure).
4.As a lver f the slw life, I prefer ging (jg) t running a marathn.
5.Jhn quit his jb yesterday because he felt it was t (stress).
6.I listen t music fr a while nw then, which is a gd way t relax.
7.Fllwing the dctr’s advice, he cut drinking and smking.
8.On Oct. 11, hundreds f runners cmpeted a crss-cuntry race in Minnesta.
9.(易错题)If yu succeed in giving up (take) much sugar and fat, yu may find yurself much (slim).
10.Cmpared adults, children are mre eager t explre the wrld arund them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.说实话,他的帮助对我产生了影响。 (difference)
T be hnest, his help has me.
2.我认为即使我们输了这场比赛,这也是一种胜利。
I felt that it wuld be a victry .
3.我认为根据能力让学生结对比较好,而不是随机让他们结对。
I think it wuld be better t pair up the students accrding t their ability, them up randmly.
4.(易错题)——你没有个人成长计划,对吧?
——是的,我没有。
—Yu dn’t have a persnal plan fr grwth, d yu?
— , I .
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Kayla was a girl 1 always wanted t be like thse slim girls n TV, even thugh she knew it was just a dream. She wrried abut her weight and tried every new diet she read abut nline, such as n-fat, lw-fat, 5∶2, nly bananas, n bananas, and she almst 2 (g)crazy.
Then ne day in an article, she saw the wrds “Instead f asking ‘Am I fat?’, I shuld be asking ‘Am I fit?’”, which made much difference t her. Once she started thinking abut 3 (fit) rather than weight, the changes began. Instead f saying “I want t lse three kils”, she wuld say “I want t run tw kilmeters in eight minutes” 4 “I want t be able t d 30 push-ups”. Rather than cutting ut her favrite fds, she added healthy fds 5 her meals. Fr example, she culd still have a burger smetimes, but she added a salad r an apple. Finally, Kayla stpped 6 (cmpare) herself with thse actresses and mdels. Instead, she thught 7 (psitive) abut 8 (she) and her bdy thrugh making 9 list f the things she liked abut herself. She became bth happier and 10 (healthy).
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Many peple care abut the advantages f a healthy lifestyle, but what des that 1 (actual) mean? Healthy living is abut taking 2 (respnsible)fr yur decisins and chices fr tday and fr the future. A healthy lifestyle generally 3 (cnsider) as a “balanced life” in which ne makes “wise chices”. It is a valuable resurce fr reducing health prblems, relieving life stress, and imprving the quality f life.
The right nutritin is necessary fr a healthy lifestyle. Yu require a well-balanced diet every day in rder t get prper amunts f vitamins, prteins and minerals 4 (need) by yur bdy. Physical fitness keeps yur weight in check and prevents heart attacks and ther 5 (harm) effects(影响).Basically, there are s many benefits f exercising 6 yu really can live a full life with it.
Emtinal stress plays 7 imprtant rle in many illnesses, bth directly and indirectly. Peple are als mre likely 8 (smke), vereat, drink t much, argue 9 thers and s n when they are feeling stressed. Thus, stress management and relaxatin techniques are the key part f having a healthy life. Being healthy 10 (be) s imprtant, s dn’t hesitate t start a healthy lifestyle right nw.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.

Ⅲ.阅读理解
D yu want t g t play basketball, sccer r badmintn in between hitting the bks? Dctrs are starting t find mre and mre infrmatin that suggests a cnnectin between exercise and brain develpment.
Judy Camern, a scientist at Oregn Health & Science University, studies brain develpment. Accrding t her research, it seems that exercise can make bld vessels (血管), including thse in the brain, strnger and mre fully develp. Dr. Camern is sure that this allws peple wh exercise t think better. As she says, “While we already knw that exercise is gd fr the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects f exercise n brain develpment can even be seen in babies. Babies wh ften d activities shw greater brain develpment than babies wh are less physically active. Even a little mvement can shw big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, als believes in the imprtance f exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary schl r high schl can result frm a lack f mvement in babyhd.
Older peple can develp their brains as well. Crnell University studied a grup f senirs wh had a shrt-term memry increase f up t 40 percent after exercising just three hurs a week. Als, exercise fr lder peple shuld nt be t simple. Learning sme new skills r actins, such as yga r tai chi in the gym, helps t pen up memry paths in the brain that may nt have been used fr a lng time. Fr mst peple, any type f physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main gal is t increase the brain’s flw f bld. And yur brain can benefit frm as little as tw t three hurs f exercise a week.
1.What is the main idea f this text?
A.Hw t exercise every week.
B.Hw exercise makes peple strng.
C.Hw exercise helps the brain develp.
D.Hw the brain can change ne’s memry.
2.Accrding t the text, what is the cnnectin between exercise and brain develpment?
A.Exercise helps sften ur bld vessels.
B.Physical exercise helps us think better.
C.The brain needs special mental exercise.
D.The mre exercise, the bigger brain.
3.Why is yga suggested t senirs?
A.It can be dne in grups.
B.It des gd t the bnes f ld peple.
C.It des nt increase the heart rate.
D.It includes learning new skills.
4.Why is making the heart rate increase thrugh physical activities useful?
A.It can imprve the brain’s flw f bld.
B.It can slw dwn the brain’s flw f bld.
C.It can change lder peple’s md fr the better.
D.It can make senirs frget previus terrible things.
Ⅳ.七选五
Brain breaks are shrt, physical activities that, when placed in perids f study, can help imprve students’ attentin, efficiency, enjyment and creativity. 1 . Yu can just d a set f jumping jacks(跳跃运动) r high knees befre ging back t schlwrk—at hme r at schl.
In the classrm, teachers might use brain breaks frm kids’ fitness prgrams like GNdle r HOPSprts. These shrt physical activities, which are ften set in cheerful music, encurage kids t mve arund and reset their brains s that they can better cncentrate n their study. 2 . Peridic bursts f exercise can reduce stress and schl-related frustratin(沮丧), clearing the way back t learning.
At hme, yu can use brain breaks in much the same way as teachers d. If yur child is struggling with hmewrk, whether this is due t trying t understand challenging material r simply staying n a task, have them d ne r tw f these activities. They’re a simple way t fight frustratin and bredm while imprving attentin. 3 .
Research shws that shrter breaks are mre effective fr many kids, with yunger kids maxing ut(达到最高限度)after abut 10 minutes and lder kids up t a half hur r mre. 4 . S chse the brain break timing accrding t yur child’s specific needs, attentin span, and learning style. And create a reliable schedule with timed activities that wn’t take up t much time meant fr study.
5 . Make it clear t yur kid hw lng the brain breaks and schlwrk will last. This system gives yur child structure(周密安排) and can make study and ding activities mre fun and exciting.
A.Tell yur child in advance
B.These breaks can be very simple
C.But the right balance will differ amng kids
D.Plus they can help meet yur child’s daily need fr physical activities
E.Fr sme kids, it’s easy t becme addicted and try t avid returning t their tasks
F.Schl-based brain break prgrams ften use vides t set the scene fr students
G.Besides the physical advantages, brain breaks are gd fr kids’ mental health
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
Part 3 Reading fr Writing, Assessing
Yur Prgress & Vide Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.diet
Ⅱ.1.动词;强调 句意:经理强调了良好的团队合作的重要性。
2.名词;压力 句意:期末考试就要到了,我们都处在压力之下。
3.锻炼 句意:我爸爸每周去健身房锻炼两到三次。
4.弄清楚 句意:她花了几天的时间才弄清楚是什么引起了这场火灾。
5.准时到达 句意:班机再过五十分钟起飞。如果我们打车,我们应该会准时到达。
6.获得成功 句意:我进行了很多次实验,终于获得了成功。
Ⅲ 考查介词。be psitive abut...意为“对……积极乐观”。句意:她对未来可能发生的事很乐观。
2.in 考查介词。in hnur f...意为“为了纪念……”。故填in。句意:我们中国人庆祝端午节以纪念屈原。
3.injury 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词an可知设空处应填单数名词形式,injure的名词为injury。故填injury。
4.jgging 考查固定搭配。g jgging意为“去慢跑”。故填jgging。句意:作为一个慢生活的热爱者,我喜欢慢跑多于跑马拉松。
5.stressful 考查形容词。句意:约翰昨天辞职了,因为他觉得这份工作压力太大了。设空处作表语,说明指物的it,表示“使紧张的;压力重的”。故填stressful。
6.and 考查固定搭配。句意:我偶尔听一会儿音乐,这是一种放松的好方式。nw and then意为“有时,偶尔”。故填and。
7.ut 考查动词短语。句意:他听从了医生的建议,戒掉了烟和酒。cut ut意为“停止做(或使用、食用)”。故填ut。
8.in 考查介词。cmpete in...意为“参加……比赛”。故填in。句意:10月11日,数百名跑步者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛跑。
9.taking;slimmer考查动名词和形容词比较级。句意:如果你成功地放弃了摄入大量的糖和脂肪,你可能会发现自己苗条了很多。第一空位于giving up后面,应用动名词形式,give up ding sth.意为“放弃做某事”,故第一空填taking;第二空是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合句意可知,空处有与以前比较之意,表示“与以前相比苗条得多”,应用形容词的比较级。故填slimmer。
易错归因
本题第二空slim的比较级容易拼写错误,注意要双写最后的m,再加-er。
10.with/t 考查介词。句意:与成年人相比,孩子们更渴望探索周围的世界。cmpared with/t...意为“与……相比”,置于句首作状语。故填with或t。
Ⅳ a difference t/in 2.even if/even thugh we lst the game/match/cmpetitin 3.rather than pairing/pair 4.N;dn’t
易错归因
本题的第一空容易错填Yes,原因在于没有注意到上面的附加疑问句为前否后肯。附加疑问句的答语要与事实一致,回答前否后肯的句子时,答语中的yes常译成“不”,n译成“是”,同时答语内部保持一致,即yes后跟肯定结构,n后跟否定结构。
能力提升练
Ⅰ 考查定语从句。设空处前面句子内容完整(Kayla是一个女孩),后面内容缺主语(总想像电视上那些苗条的女孩一样),分析句子可知后面内容的主语即前面的girl,由此推测设空处引导定语从句,代替先行词girl在从句中作主语,先行词指人,故用wh或that。
2.went 考查时态。由and前面的分句中的“wrried abut her weight and tried every new diet”可知这里应用一般过去时,故填went。
3.fitness 考查名词。设空处前有介词,故此处填名词fitness。think abut fitness表示“考虑健康”。
4.r 考查连词。设空处前文“我想在8分钟内跑两公里”和后文“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”为选择关系,即“她会说……或……”,故填r。
5.t 考查介词。add sth. t sth.为固定搭配,意为“把某物加到某物里”,故填介词t。
6.cmparing 考查动名词。stp ding sth.为固定搭配,意为“停止做某事”,故填动名词cmparing。句意:最终,Kayla不再拿自己与那些女演员和模特儿进行比较。
易错归因
该题易错填t cmpare。 stp t d sth.也是固定搭配,意为“停下来去做某事”,该含义与文章语境矛盾,故可排除。
类比启发
常见的接动名词和不定式作宾语意思差异较大的动词搭配还有:
frget t d sth.忘记去做某事(还没做)
frget ding sth.忘记曾经做过某事(已经做了)
remember t d sth.记得要去做某事(还没做)
remember ding sth.记得曾经做过某事(已经做了)
7.psitively 考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词thught,应用副词形式,故填psitively。
8.herself 考查反身代词。设空处前有介词abut,故此处作宾语,又因主句主语是she,提示词也是she,主语和宾语为同一个人,故填反身代词herself,表示“她从积极的角度思考自己”。
9.a 考查冠词。make a list f...表示“做一个……的清单”,故填a。
10.healthier 考查形容词比较级。此处and连接两个并列成分,因为happier为形容词的比较级,故此处也应填形容词比较级healthier。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了健康的生活方式的好处以及如何才能保持健康的生活方式。
1.actually 考查副词。设空处位于主语(that)和谓语(mean)之间,提示词为形容词,所以应用副词形式作状语。故填actually。句意:很多人关心健康生活方式的好处,但是健康的生活方式事实上是什么意思呢?
2.respnsibility 考查名词。take respnsibility fr...是固定短语,意为“对……负责”。故填respnsibility。句意:健康生活是对你今天和未来的决定和选择负责。
3.is cnsidered 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处是句子的谓语,根据上下文的时态可知,这里描述的是一般性概念,时态应用一般现在时;本句主语是“A healthy lifestyle”,表示单数意义,与提示词cnsider有被动关系(cnsider a healthy lifestyle as a “balanced life”),所以用被动语态。故填is cnsidered。句意:健康的生活方式通常被认为是一种“平衡的生活”,在这种生活中人们会做出“明智的选择”。
4.needed 考查过去分词。本句谓语动词是require,所以设空处应填非谓语动词。提示词need与前面的“prper amunts f vitamins, prteins and minerals”为被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填needed。句意:你每天需要均衡的饮食,以获得身体所需的适量的维生素、蛋白质和矿物质。
5.harmful 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词effects,作定语,故用形容词形式。故填harmful,表示 “有害的”。
6.that 考查结果状语从句引导词。空前部分意为“基本上,锻炼有很多好处”,空后部分意为“有了它,你真的可以过充实的生活”。设空处无提示词,根据空前后内容并结合空前的s many可知,该句为句型,表示“如此……以至于……”,故设空处应用that引导结果状语从句。
7.an 考查冠词。play an imprtant rle in...为固定短语,意为“在……中起着重要作用”。故填an。句意:情绪压力以直接和间接的方式对许多疾病的发生起着重要作用。
8.t smke 考查不定式。be likely t d sth.意为“有可能做某事”。故填t smke。句意:当人们感到压力时,他们也更有可能吸烟、暴食、酗酒、与他人争吵等。
9.with 考查介词。argue with...意为“和……争吵”。故填with。
10.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。设空处是本句的谓语,根据上下文时态可知,设空处用一般现在时,且主语是动名词短语“Being healthy”,表示单数意义。故填is。
【高频词汇】 1.reduce v.减少 2.relieve vt.解除;缓解
3.quality n.质量;品质 4.nutritin n.营养
5.amunt n.量,数量 6.vitamin n.维生素 7.prtein n.蛋白质 8.heart attack n.心脏病发作 9.hesitate v.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑
【熟词生义】 resurce n.对策
【差距词汇】 check控制
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,运动不仅可以促进婴儿的大脑发育,而且对老年人的大脑也会产生影响。
1.C 主旨大意题。
根据文章各段内容可知,这篇文章围绕着“运动与大脑发育/发展的关系”展开,所以C项“运动如何帮助大脑发育/发展”能够概括本文主旨。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Dr. Camern is sure that this allws peple wh exercise t think better.”可知,运动有助于我们更好地思考。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“Learning sme new skills r actins, such as yga r tai chi in the gym, helps t pen up memry paths in the brain that may nt have been used fr a lng time.”可知,作者在文中建议老年人做瑜伽是因为瑜伽可以学习新技能,这样就会打开大脑中很久未使用的记忆路径。故选D。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二、三句“Fr mst peple, any type f physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main gal is t increase the brain’s flw f bld.”可知,通过体力活动提高心率是有用的,它的主要目标是增加大脑的血液流动。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.in between在……之间 2.effect n.影响;结果 3.disability n.缺陷;障碍 4.result frm因……产生 5.lack n.缺乏;短缺 6.benefit frm 从……受益
【熟词生义】 hit the bks用功学习
长难句
原句 Learning sme new skills r actins, such as yga r tai chi in the gym, helps t pen up memry paths in the brain that may nt have been used fr a lng time.
分析 该句为主从复合句。动名词短语Learning sme new skills r actins作主语,helps为主句谓语;关系代词that引导一个限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词memry paths。
译文 在健身房里学习一些新的技能或动作,比如瑜伽或太极,有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了大脑休息(brain breaks)及其益处。
1.B 细节句。上文介绍了什么是大脑休息,下文列举了跳跃运动和高膝运动,B项中的These breaks指代首句中的Brain breaks,simple与下文中的“Yu can just d”呼应。故B项符合语境。
2.G 过渡句。 设空处上文主要讲教室里的大脑休息能够鼓励学生活动,使大脑得到调整;下文讲定期锻炼可以减少压力和与学校相关的沮丧,从而使孩子们更好地继续学习。G项(除了身体方面的好处,大脑休息对孩子们的心理健康也有好处)承上启下,从大脑休息对身体的好处过渡到对心理的好处。G项中的mental health与下文中的“reduce stress and schl-related frustratin”呼应。
3.D 细节句。该段主要围绕家庭中的大脑休息展开,设空处上文提到“它们是一种对抗沮丧和无聊的简单方法,同时提高注意力”,这是家庭中的大脑休息的好处。D项(此外,它们还可以帮助满足你的孩子对体育活动的日常需求)也是家庭中的大脑休息的好处,是对上文的进一步补充,故选D。D项中的yur child’s与本段第二句中的yur child呼应。
4.C 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语境为:较短的休息对很多孩子更有效,较小的孩子10分钟左右就能达到极限,较大的孩子多达半个小时或更长的时间才能达到极限→ 4 →所以要根据孩子的具体需求、注意力持续时间和学习方式来选择大脑休息的时间。C项(但是,恰当的平衡会因孩子而异)承接上文,引起下文。C项中的“differ amng kids”与下文中的“accrding t yur child’s specific needs...”呼应,故选C。
5.A 主旨句。本段主要说明要告知孩子大脑休息和学校作业的持续时间,这样会使学习和活动变得更有趣。故A项(提前告知孩子)符合语境。A项中的Tell与下文中的“Make it clear”呼应。
易错归因
本空易误选E项(对一些孩子来说,很容易上瘾并试图避免回到他们的任务中去),原因在于E项与下一句(向你的孩子讲清楚大脑休息和学校作业将持续多长时间)构成因果关系。但E项与最后一句显然没有关系,本段也不是在讲大脑休息的负面影响,故排除E项。
【高频词汇】 1.cheerful adj.令人愉快的 2.cncentrate n...集中注意力于…… 3.reduce v.减少 4.struggle with疲于应付,艰难处理 5.effective adj.有效的 6.up t至多有 7.reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的 8.schedule n.时间表 9.take up占用 10.in advance提前
【差距词汇】 span n.持续时间;跨度;范围
长难句
原句 Brain breaks are shrt, physical activities that, when placed in perids f study, can help imprve students’ attentin, efficiency, enjyment and creativity.
分析 此句为主从复合句。主句为“Brain breaks are shrt, physical activities”;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词activities;when引导省略主语和be动词的时间状语从句。
译文 大脑休息即短时间的体育运动,当它们在学习期间进行时,可以帮助提高学生的注意力、效率、乐趣和创造力。
Para.1
提出运动和大脑发育之间存在关系
Para.2
研究发现,运动可以引起大脑的生理变化,使人们更好地思考
Para.3
运动对婴儿大脑发育的作用
Para.4
运动也可以对老年人的大脑产生影响