高中英语Unit 4 Breaking boundaries精品课时作业

这是一份高中英语Unit 4 Breaking boundaries精品课时作业，共17页。试卷主要包含了单句语法填空2，完成句子7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc8392" \l "_Tc5143" A 考点概览·知识回顾 PAGEREF _Tc8392 \h 1
\l "_Tc25907" B 考点夯基·专项突破2
\l "_Tc4491" 一、单句语法填空（基本语法）2
\l "_Tc9962" 二、完成句子7
\l "_Tc8120" C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 PAGEREF _Tc8120 \h 10
\l "_Tc30590" 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） PAGEREF _Tc30590 \h 10
\l "_Tc25546" 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） PAGEREF _Tc25546 \h 12
（一）定义及基本用法
（二）it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型
一、单句语法填空（基本语法）
1. It is a classic debate the ends justify the means, r reasnable means can certainly differ.
【答案】f whether
【详解】考查介词+连接词。句意：这是一个经典的辩论，关于目的是否证明手段的合理性，或者合理的手段当然可以不同。debate后接介词f，whether引导宾语从句。故填f whether。
2. It remains t be seen will sign up fr the 1500-meter race.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查连接代词。句意：谁将报名参加1500米比赛还有待观察。从句缺少主语，指人，用wh。故填wh。
3. It is a pity the museum built in the eighteenth century des nt attract visitrs.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：遗憾的是，这座建于18世纪的博物馆没有吸引游客。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
4. is knwn t us all is that the Beijing Olympic Games tk place in 2008.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知的是，北京奥运会于2008年举行。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填What。
5. It is knwn t all the cuntry is a leading agricultural natin.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：众所周知，这个国家是一个领先的农业国家。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
6. It is suggested at the end f the passage the things we buy ften affect many peple's lives arund the wrld.
【答案】that; /
【详解】考查连接词和定语从句。句意：文章最后提出，我们购买的东西经常会影响世界上许多人的生活。第一个空that引导主语从句，第二个空things后接定语从句省略关系代词that。故填that; /。
7. It was until late afternn he was figuring ut he cnsidered was a wise way t fight against it.
【答案】that; what
【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句。句意：直到下午晚些时候，他才想出他认为是对抗它的明智方法。第一个空that构成强调句型"It "，第二个空what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故填that; what。
8. It's true inner beauty is very imprtant, but external beauty shuldn't be cmpletely verlked.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美也不应被完全忽视。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
9. It is reprted the fld has influenced the lives f ver 200 residents.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，洪水已经影响了200多名居民的生活。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
10. Yu ughtn't t have gne ut withut a cat yesterday. It isn't surprising yu caught a cld.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：你昨天不该不穿外套就出去。你感冒了并不奇怪。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
11. It's unclear the tiny cmputer will be released, but it will cme nt the market sner r later.
【答案】when
【详解】考查连接副词。句意：目前还不清楚这款微型计算机何时发布，但它迟早会上市。从句缺少时间状语，用when。故填when。
12. It is nt a prblem we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，这只是时间问题。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。
13. It surprised her greatly her neighbr had been in prisn fr 4 years.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：她的邻居已经坐了4年牢，这让她非常吃惊。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
14. It makes n difference t me yu g tday r tmrrw.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：你今天去还是明天去对我来说没什么区别。表示"是...还是..."。故填whether。
15. It's nt surprising yu wn the medal, cnsidering hw much yu paid fr it.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：考虑到你为此付出了多少，你赢得奖牌并不奇怪。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
16. It is ften the case miracles can happen fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：对于那些坚持希望的人来说，奇迹往往会发生。that引导同位语从句解释case的内容。故填that。
17. It is reprted the Arctic is having its httest June ever and is suffering its wrst wildfire seasns n recrd.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，北极正在经历有史以来最热的六月，并正在经历有记录以来最严重的野火季节。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
18. It's nne f yur business my private life is like.
【答案】what
【详解】考查连接代词。句意：我的私生活是什么样子不关你的事。从句缺少like的宾语，用what。故填what。
19. certain that his inventin will make peple's life cnvenient.
【答案】It is
【详解】考查形式主语。句意：可以肯定的是，他的发明将使人们的生活更加便利。it作形式主语，that从句是真正主语。故填It is。
20. It used t be thught the Earth was flat.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：过去人们认为地球是平的。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
21. is the mst imprtant in life is that we shuld always be cnfident abut the future.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：生活中最重要的是我们应该对未来充满信心。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填What。
22. It remains t be seen the new schl rules can be put int practice.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：新校规能否付诸实施还有待观察。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。
23. It desn't matter yur hme is in a nisy dwntwn r in the remte cuntryside.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：你的家是在嘈杂的市中心还是在偏远的乡村并不重要。表示"是...还是..."。故填whether。
24. It's certain music lessns in early childhd imprve the brain's perfrmance.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：可以肯定的是，儿童早期的音乐课程可以提高大脑的表现。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
25. It desn't matter yu have the ability t be n tp f yur prfessinal careers as lng as yu wrk hard the whle time.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：只要你一直努力工作，你是否有能力成为职业生涯的佼佼者并不重要。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。
26. It is bvius t the whle wrld the US has played dirty tricks t bully freign cmpanies like Hua Wei and TikTk in rder t either destry them r take them ver.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：全世界都清楚，美国为了要么摧毁要么接管华为和TikTk等外国公司而玩弄肮脏的把戏。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
27. It never ccurred t me yu culd succeed in persuading him t change his mind.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我从未想过你能成功地说服他改变主意。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
28. It is bvius t the students they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：学生们很清楚，他们应该为未来做好充分准备。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
29. It is generally believed imprvements in health care will lead t a strnger, mre prsperus ecnmy.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，医疗保健的改善将带来更强大、更繁荣的经济。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
30. It sn became widely knwn the attempt t save girl had failed.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：试图拯救女孩失败的消息很快就广为人知。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
31. It matters little a man dies, but matters much is he lives.
【答案】hw; what; hw
【详解】考查连接词和主语从句。句意：一个人如何死去并不重要，但重要的是他如何生活。第一个空hw表示方式，第二个空what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，第三个空hw表示方式。故填hw; what; hw。
32. It has been pinted ut plays a vital rle in driving away ne's anxiety is ne's sweet childhd memries.
【答案】that what
【详解】考查连接词。句意：有人指出，驱散一个人焦虑的关键是他甜蜜的童年回忆。第一个空that引导主语从句，第二个空what在从句中作主语。故填that what。
33. It is reprted the husing prices in sme big cities fall in different degrees.
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：据报道，一些大城市的房价有不同程度的下降。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。故填that。
34. It is n use fr yur mistakes nw. yu need t d is crrect them as sn as pssible.
【答案】crying; What
【详解】考查非谓语动词和主语从句。句意：现在为你的错误哭泣是没有用的。你需要做的是尽快改正它们。第一个空用crying作真正主语，第二个空what引导主语从句并在从句中作d的宾语。故填crying; What。
35. It is nt a prblem we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，这只是时间问题。根据句意用whether表示"是否"。故填whether。
二、完成句子（用it作形式主语）
1. 我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。
When I passed the church, sme nise inside.
【答案】 was being made
【详解】考查过去进行时被动语态。句意：我经过教堂时，里面有很大的声响。分析句子可知，"制造声响"用动词make表示，与主语nise是被动关系，根据时间状语when I passed the church可知，应使用过去进行时态，主语nise是不可数名词，故填was being made。
2. 天气追踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。
It remains t be seen weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
【答案】 whether
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：天气追踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要引导主语从句的连接词，根据句意"能否"表达不确定性的选择，故填whether。
3. 1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了。
On 18 April 1955, Einstein had passed away.
【答案】 it was reprted that
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"it was reprted that..."的固定句型，故填it was reprted that。
4. 众所周知，火药最早是由中国人发明的。
the gun pwder was first invented by the Chinese.
【答案】 It’s knwn t all that
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：众所周知，火药最早是由中国人发明的。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It's knwn t all that..."的固定表达，故填It's knwn t all that。
5. 他是否会出国深造仍不得而知。
he’ll g abrad fr further study r nt.
【答案】 It’s still unknwn whether
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：他是否会出国深造仍不得而知。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，whether引导主语从句表示"是否"，构成"It's unknwn whether..."的固定表达，故填It's still unknwn whether。
6. 真遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。
yu’ve missed such a gd chance.
【答案】It's a pity that
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：真遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It's a pity that..."的固定表达，故填It's a pity that。
7. 金融危机是否会很快结束尚不明确。
It is nt immediately clear the financial crisis will sn be ver.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：金融危机是否会很快结束尚不明确。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要引导主语从句的连接词，根据句意"是否"表达不确定性的选择，故填whether。
8. 总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工尚不清楚。
It is by n means clear the president can d t end the strike.
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句连接代词。句意：总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工尚不清楚。分析句子可知，从句中d缺少宾语，需要连接代词what在从句中作宾语，故填what。
9. 事实证明，童年时期吃蔬菜有助于预防成年后的严重疾病。
eating vegetables in childhd helps t prtect yu against serius illnesses in later life.
【答案】It has been prved that
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：事实证明，童年时期吃蔬菜有助于预防成年后的严重疾病。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It has been prved that..."的固定表达，故填It has been prved that。
10. 据估计，这些广播节目覆盖了当地高达60%的人口。
up t 60% f the lcal ppulatin is being reached thrugh these radi bradcasts.
【答案】It is estimated that
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：据估计，这些广播节目覆盖了当地高达60%的人口。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，构成"It is estimated that..."的固定表达，故填It is estimated that。
11. 你怎么穿都无所谓，没人在意。
yu’re dressed. N ne cares.
【答案】It desn't matter hw
【详解】考查形式主语结构。句意：你怎么穿都无所谓，没人在意。分析句子可知，此处需要使用it作形式主语，hw引导方式状语从句，构成"It desn't matter hw..."的固定表达，故填It desn't matter hw。
12. 至关重要的是，我们要在全球范围内制定正确的规则。
It is crucial we get the rules right at the glbal level.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：至关重要的是，我们要在全球范围内制定正确的规则。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is crucial that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
13. 资金形式的捐赠很可能在一周内到位。
It is likely the dnatin in the frm f funds will cme in ne week.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：资金形式的捐赠很可能在一周内到位。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is likely that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
14. 事实证明，这种做法只有好处。
It has been prved the practice can nly d gd.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：事实证明，这种做法只有好处。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It has been prved that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
15. 人们普遍承认，月球是一个寂静的世界。
It is generally admitted the mn is a wrld f silence.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：人们普遍承认，月球是一个寂静的世界。分析句子可知，此处that引导主语从句，构成"It is generally admitted that..."的固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编）
1. Understanding ideas
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
22 March 2015
Tday we celebrate. It’s 1.____________(exact) ne mnth since the last 2.____________(reprt) case. But it is 3.____________(重要的) nt t take any chances. S, 20 health care wrkers frm almst as many cuntries, cmrades in arms, raise 4._____________(虚拟的) glasses 5._______ each ther.
I arrived 6._________Liberia with MSF almst three mnths ag. When I saw the 7._________________(凄惨的画面) n the news, I felt it was my duty 8._____a dctr t g there and 9.__________(提供)my help. I knew I was 10.__________________________(冒生命危险). but I thught, if I dn’t d it, wh will? It is imprtant t remember that Ebla desn’t respect natinal 11.________________(国界). There 12._______(be) n brders fr dctrs, fr patients r fr anyne else 13._______________ (invlve) 14.______ cmbating this terrible disease.
My missin was 15.______________(relieve) Emma, a 16.______________(Canada) 17.______________(special) 18.____infectius diseases 19.______the end f her psting. Emma spent an hur with me in the staff rm 20._______(talk) me 21.____________the daily rutine. As she talked, I culd hear at least three different languages 22.___________(speak) at the tables arund us. 23.__________(late), Emma intrduced me 24._____ sme f the thers wrking fr r alngside MSF: Wiltn, 25.___yung lcal man, 26._______ helped carry the very sick int the 27.____________(treat) clinic and wh 28.______________(消毒) clthing and surfaces; Maisy, a 29.____________(retire) public health fficial frm Darwin, Australia, 30.____________ lcal team f vlunteers educated peple 31.___ preventing 32._____________(infect); Alfns, a sft-spken Argentinian dctr 33._____ his 50s, wh had 34.____________(previus) wrked n Ebla utbreaks in Sierra Lene and Guinea. The list went n. I fund that I was the nly Chinese dctr 35.________peple f all ages, clurs and 36._____________(信仰) , frm every cntinent except Antarctica. With each persn I met, I felt a 37.____________(grw) 38._______________________(自豪感) as part f this extrardinary team, 39._______ devtin 40._____the cause shne frm their eyes
In the few weeks since then, I 41._______________(cme) t knw these peple very well. We have wrked tgether, 42._______________(surrund) by bld vmit and death. But, 43.___________ the 44.____________(死亡率) is very high, we will never give up 45._____ a patient, and ur effrts d smetimes end 46.____miracles
Just after my 47._____________(arrive), 48.___________________(一家六口)49. _______________(bring) here in the back f a van. All f them were infected. The twin girls and their parents sn died. We knew there was little hpe 50._____ the brthers but we did everything we culd 51.___________(save) them. When we visited the ward the next mrning, we were amazed 52._________(see) that 53._____________________(尽管困难重重；概率极低), 54.______ bys were still alive. Pascal and Daniel have since made a full 55._____________(recver). This small but 56.________________(expect) success 57.___________________(弥补)many ther 58.___________(little) frtunate cases.
59.___________________(catch) up in such a crisis creates 60.____________(pwer) 61._____________(连接，羁绊) between peple, nt nly between 62.___________(care) and patients, 63._____als between all thse 64.______have cme frm different parts f the wrld and jined tgether 65._________________________(因为共同事业). It is s 66._______________(令人鼓舞的) t have clleagues 67._____ Wiltn, Maisy, and Alfns, 68. _______________(更别提)all the thers I have wrked 69._________.
Nw my time is almst 70._____(结束). In a few days, smene else will arrive t step int my shes, and the 71.___________(tire) wrk that the MSF members d in mre than 70 cuntries and 72.____________(地区) arund the wrld 73._________(g) n. In a wrld still 74._____________(face) s many prblems, it is 75.___________(abslute) essential 76.____ us all t cllabrate 77.__________(create) a 78.________________________(“地球村”) with a 79._____________(share) future f peace and 80._______________(繁荣).
【答案】1.exactly2. reprted3. vital4. virtual5. t6.in7. tragic scenes8. as9. ffer10. putting my life at risk11.bundaries12. are13. invlved14. in15.t relieve16. Canadian17. specialist18.in 19. at20. talking21. thrugh22. being spken 23. Later24. t25. a26. wh27. treatment 28. disinfected29.retired30. whse31. n32. infectin33. in34. previusly35. amng36. beliefs 37. grwing38. sense f pride39. whse40. t41. have cme42. surrunded43. althugh44. death rate45. n46. in47. arrival48. a family f six49. were brught50. fr51. t save52. t see 53. against all dds54. bth55. recvery56. unexpected57. cmpensated fr58. less 59. T be caught 60. pwerful61. bnds62. carers63. but64. wh65. in a cmmn cause66. inspiring67. like68. nt t mentin 69. with70. up71. tireless72. regins73. will g74. facing 75. abslutely76. fr77. t create78. glbal cmmunity79. shared80. prsperity
2. Develping ideas
The Wrds That Changed A Natin
1.______ a grey afternn n 19 Nvember 1863, a tall, thin man munted a 2.______________(讲台) in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began t speak. The place was the site f a recent battle 3._________ thusands f sldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincln President f the United States f America and he was there 4.____________________(纪念) the sldiers wh had died. The speech he gave was just 268 wrds lng and 5._____(last) tw minutes. But this 6.______________(演说) t the crwd changed the minds f his peple and helped 7.__________(塑造) a natin.
At that time, America was 8.__________ (bitter) divided. Fr tw years, 9.______(it) peple had been deep in a 10.__________________(内战) between the slave-wning Cnfederate Suthern States 11._______the “free” Nrthern States f the Unin. The 12.____________(bad) battle lasted three days and 13.__________________(发生) at Gettysburg in 1863. The Unin side wn but 14.____________________(代价惨重). Over 50, 000 sldiers were killed r 15._______________(wund), and peple lst hpe and 16._______________(目标). What was all this 17._________________ (苦难) fr?
Lincln understd the feelings f the civilian peple. Hi speech gave them hpe, 18._____________(信念) and a reasn t lk t the future. He gave them 19._____________________(新的愿景) f 20._______ the United States f America shuld be, 21.___________(base) n the ideals 22.___________(set) dwn by its Funding Fathers 87 years befre. It was 23._______the sldiers had died fr. Nw it was 24.___________(取决于，依靠) the 25.____________(live) t remve nt nly the 26._____________(divide) between Nrth and Suth, 27.____________the bundaries between black and white and wrk 28.__________________(一步一步,逐渐地) twards the 29._____________(equal) f humankind.
The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincln
30._______________________________(87年前) ur fathers brught frth, upn this cntinent, a new natin, cnceived in Liberty, and dedicated 31.__________the prpsitin that all men are created equal.
Nw we 32. ________________(engage) in a great civil war, 33.___________(test) whether that natin, r any natin, s cnceived, and s dedicated, can lng endure. We are met here n a great battlefield f that war. We have cme t dedicate a prtin f it 34.______ a final resting place fr thse 35.______ here gave their lives that that natin might live. It is altgether fitting and prper that we shuld d this.
But 36._______________________(从更广泛意义上来说), we can nt dedicate-we can nt cnsecrate-we can nt hallw this grund. The brave men, living and dead, wh 37.________________(抗争) here, have cnsecrated it far abve ur pr pwer t add r detract. The wrld will little nte, nr lng remember, what we say here, but can never frget 38._______ they did here. It is fr us, the living rather t be dedicated here t the 39._______________(未完成的) wrk which they have, thus far, s 40.____________(nble) carried n. It is rather fr us t be here dedicated t the great task remaining befre us-that frm these hnred dead we take increased devtin t that cause fr which they here gave the last full measure f devtin -that we here highly reslve that these dead shall nt have died 41._____________(徒劳): that this natin shall have a new birth f 42.______________(free); and that this gvernment f the peple, by the peple, fr the peple, shall nt perish frm the earth.
【答案】
1. On 2. platfrm 3. where 4. in memry f 5. lasted 6. address 7. shape 8. bitterly 9. its 10. civil war 11. and 12. wrst 13. tk place 14. at a great cst 15. wunded 16. purpse 17. suffering 18. belief 19. a new visin 20. what 21. based 22. set 23. what 24. up t 25. living 26. divisins 27. but 28. step by step 29. equality 30. Fur scre and seven years ag 31. t 32. are engaged 33. testing 34. as 35. wh 36. in a larger sense 37. struggled 38. what 39. unfinished 40. nbly 41. in vain 42. freedm
题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题）
A
(2024-2025学年高二下·河南·月考) In the digital age, many yung peple tend t share marriage annuncements n scial media platfrms like Sina Weib. Yet a new trend has reemerged — publishing marriage annuncements in traditinal newspapers. ___1___quick search n the tpic “publishing marriage annuncements in newspapers” will bring up ___2___ (variety) psts, alng with thse wh have dne s sharing their experiences.
___3___shrt-lived digital psts, newspaper annuncements prvide a sense f permanence, ffering a meaningful way ___4___ (keep) memries during a time when digital cntent can’t last. Sme yung peple view publishing marriage annuncements in newspapers as mre frmal than ___5___in scial media, and they describe it as a ___6___ (cmmit) written in black ink and n white paper — a declaratin f the cuple’s prmise t grw ld tgether.
Hwever, this practice is nt a new phenmenn in China. In the first half f the twentieth century, when marriage laws were still underdevelped, such annuncements ___7___ (carry) legal significance. They allwed cuples t ___8___ (public) share their jyus news with their family and friends.
The regained ppularity serves as an example f ___9___ traditin can better adapt t mdern times. By cmbining cultural heritage with persnal creativity, it ffers meaningful rituals (仪式) in tday’s digital wrld. These annuncements, as symbls f lve and individuality, remind us that sme traditins are wrth ___10___ (preserve).
【答案】1．A 2．varius 3．Unlike 4．t keep 5．that 6．cmmitment 7．carried 8．publicly 9．hw 10．preserving
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在数字时代，许多年轻人选择在传统报纸上发布结婚公告的现象，并探讨了这一传统的现代意义。
1．考查冠词。句意：在“报纸上刊登结婚启事”这个话题上快速搜索，会显示出各种帖子，以及那些已经这样做的人分享的经验。泛指“一次快速搜索”，且quick首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为a，首字母大写。故填A。
2．考查形容词。句意：在“报纸上刊登结婚启事”这个话题上快速搜索，会显示出各种帖子，以及那些已经这样做的人分享的经验。形容词varius作定语修饰名词。故填varius。
3．考查介词。句意：与短暂的数字帖子不同，报纸公告提供了一种永久感，报纸了一种有意义的方式来保存记忆。表示 “不同”用介词unlike，首字母大写。故填Unlike。
4．考查不定式。句意：与短暂的数字帖子不同，报纸公告提供了一种永久感，报纸了一种有意义的方式来保存记忆。way t d sth做某事的方法。不定式作后置定语。故填t keep
5．考查代词。句意：一些年轻人认为在报纸上发布结婚公告比在社交媒体上更正式，他们将其描述为一种用黑墨水和白纸写下的承诺。分析句子结构，设空处需要一个代词来代替“publishing marriage annuncements”，以避免重复，用that。故填that。
6．考查名词。句意：一些年轻人认为在报纸上发布结婚公告比在社交媒体上更正式，他们将其描述为一种用黑墨水和白纸写下的承诺。名词cmmitment作宾语，a提示，用单数形式。故填cmmitment。
7．考查时态。句意：在二十世纪上半叶，当婚姻法还不完善时，这样的公告具有法律意义。根据上文“In the first half f the twentieth century”可知，设空处需要一个过去时态来表示过去的动作。故填carried。
8．考查副词。句意：它们允许夫妇公开与家人和朋友分享他们的喜讯。副词publicly作状语修饰动词。故填publicly。
9．考查连接词。句意：重新流行的做法是传统如何更好地适应现代的一个例子。f后接宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接词hw。故填hw。
10．考查动名词。句意：这些公告作为爱和个性的象征，提醒我们一些传统值得保留。be wrth ding sth值得做某事。故填preserving。
B
(2024-2025学年高二下·广东·阶段测试) Huang Xuhua, chief designer f China’s first-generatin nuclear submarines (潜艇), passed away n Thursday evening in Wuhan, Hubei prvince. He was 99.
Huang was brn in March 1926 in Guangdng prvince. At ___11___ age f 19, he entered Shanghai Jia Tng University t study shipbuilding. In 1958, Huang was selected t jin the research team ___12___ (task) with designing China’s first nuclear-pwered submarine.
At the___13___ (begin) f the design wrk, Huang and his clleagues had n prir knwledge in that field, and since ther cuntries were extremely ___14___ (prtect) f such technlgies, they had very few technical reference materials. The researchers eventually came up with five plans after ___15___ (piece) tgether all the infrmatin they culd find.
The team members didn’t have cmputers ___16___ digital calculatrs, s they used abacuses (算盘) and rulers t slve prblems. ___17___ (ensure) accurate calculatin results, they were divided int three grups t d the math at the same time and wuld recalculate if the results did nt match.
After years f painstaking effrts, China successfully built its first nuclear-pwered submarine in 1970, becming the ___18___ (five) natin t develp such technlgy.
Huang's name remained classified ___19___ 1987, when a magazine in Shanghai was allwed t publish a reprt abut him. Due t his utstanding cntributins, Huang ___20___ (award) the Medal f the Republic, China’s highest hnr, in 2019.
【答案】
11．the 12．tasked 13．beginning 14．prtective 15．piecing 16．r 17．T ensure 18．fifth 19．until/till 20．was awarded
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了中国第一代核潜艇总设计师黄旭华逝世的消息，并介绍了他的生平事迹及其在核潜艇研发中的贡献。
11．考查冠词。句意：在19岁时，他进入上海交通大学学习造船。 根据下文的“f 19”可知，此处是特指19岁的年龄，at the age f“在……岁时”是固定搭配。 故填the。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：1958年，黄被选中加入负责设计中国第一艘核潜艇的研究团队。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的team，动词task与team之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词tasked作定语。 故填tasked。
13．考查名词。句意：在设计工作开始时，黄和他的同事在该领域没有任何先验知识。 根据空格前的介词at可知，空格处应该用名词beginning作宾语。 故填beginning。
14．考查形容词。句意：由于其他国家对这些技术极为保护，他们几乎没有技术参考资料。根据句意和空格前的were可知，空格处应该用形容词prtective作表语。 故填prtective。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在拼凑了所有能找到的信息后，最终提出了五个方案。根据空格前的介词after可知，空格处应该用动名词piecing作宾语。 故填piecing。
16．考查连词。句意：团队成员没有计算机或数字计算器，所以他们使用算盘和尺子来解决问题。空格前的名词“cmputers”和后面的名词“digital calculatrs”是并列关系，在否定句中应该用r连接。 故填r。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保计算结果的准确性，他们被分成三组同时进行计算，并在结果不一致时重新计算。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。 位于句首，故填T ensure。
18．考查序数词。句意：经过多年的艰苦努力，中国于1970年成功建造了第一艘核潜艇，成为第五个掌握该技术的国家。 根据句意和空格前的定冠词“the”可知，此处需要用序数词“fifth”表示第五个。 故填fifth。
19．考查介词。句意：黄的名字一直保密到1987年，当时上海的一家杂志被允许发表关于他的报道。 根据句意和空格后的“1987”可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“直到”，所以应该用介词until/till。 故填until/till。
20．考查时态和语态。句意：由于他的杰出贡献，黄于2019年被授予共和国勋章，这是中国的最高荣誉。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2019”可知，应该用一般过去时；主语Huang与动词award之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是Huang，be动词用was。 故填was awarded。
C
(2024-2025学年高二下·湖南·月考) Since President Richard Nixn’s ___21___ (histry)1972 visit t China, scientific cllabratin between China and the US has increased, particularly in health and medicine. In early 1980, ___22___ US delegatin visited China, which cnsisted ___23___ representatives frm the cuntry’s Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin, and directrs f the Natinal Institutes f Health and the Department f Health and Human Services. This effrt, ___24___ (supprt) by Chinese gvernment departments and academicians, quickly prmted jint prgrams n public health research. Over the next fur decades, the relatinship between Chinese and US health research institutins strengthened cnsiderably.
Nngvernmental institutins have played an ___25___ (increase) imprtant rle in prmting health exchange and cperatin between China and the US. The Bill & Melinda Gates Fundatin, fr instance, has partnered with a range f sectrs in China ___26___ (address) glbal health challenges. Since 2015, it has wrked with the Chinese Ministry f Cmmerce t supprt medical and agricultural develpment in African natins. In 2016, the fundatin partnered with Tsinghua University and the Peple’s Gvernment f Beijing Municipality t establish the Glbal Drug Discvery Institute, ___27___ prmtes health initiatives in ___28___ (develp) cuntries.
Since 2017, the China-US Track Ⅱ Dialgue n Healthcare___29___ (emerge) as a platfrm fr bilateral health cperatin. C-hsted by the Natinal Schl f Develpment at Peking University and the Natinal Cmmittee n US-China Relatins, this annual event ___30___ (facilitate) extensive discussin between health experts frm bth natins.
【答案】21．histric 22．a 23．f 24．supprted 25．increasingly 26．t address 27．which 28．develping 29．has emerged 30．facilitates
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国和美国的科学合作，尤其是在卫生和医学方面。
21．考查形容词。句意：自1972年理查德•尼克松总统对中国进行历史性访问以来，中美之间的科学合作有所增加，特别是在卫生和医学方面。根据President Richard Nixn’s和1972 visit t China可知，此处应用表示“具有历史意义的”的形容词histric，作定语，修饰名词visit。故填histric。
22．考查冠词。句意：1980年初，由来自美国疾病预防控制中心的代表、美国国立卫生研究院和卫生与公众服务部的负责人组成的美国代表团访问了中国。此处delegatin为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词表泛指。所连接的单词US发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
23．考查介词。句意：同上。cnsist f...“由……组成”为固定搭配。故填f。
24．考查过去分词。句意：这一努力在中国政府部门和学院的支持下，迅速推动了公共卫生研究的联合项目。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是prmted，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词supprt与其逻辑主语This effrt之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填supprted。
25．考查副词。句意：民间机构在促进中美卫生交流与合作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。修饰形容词imprtant应用副词increasingly作状语。故填increasingly。
26．考查动词不定式。句意：例如，比尔及梅琳达•盖茨基金会（Bill & Melinda Gates Fundatin）与中国的多个部门合作，共同应对全球卫生挑战。根据句意可知，address应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填t address。
27．考查定语从句。句意：2016年，该基金会与清华大学和北京市人民政府合作建立了全球药物发现研究所，以促进发展中国家的健康倡议。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Glbal Drug Discvery Institute，指代事物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
28．考查形容词。句意：同上。该空作定语修饰名词cuntries应用形容词。根据常识和Tsinghua University and the Peple’s Gvernment f Beijing Municipality可知，此处应用表示“发展中的”的形容词develping。故填develping。
29．考查时态。句意：2017年起，中美卫生健康对话机制Ⅱ正式启动，成为促进两国卫生合作的平台。根据时间状语Since 2017可知，此处表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。主谓一致，故填has emerged。
30．考查时态。句意：这一年度活动由北京大学国家发展研究院和美中关系全国委员会共同主办，促进了两国卫生专家之间的广泛讨论。根据句意，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主谓一致，故填facilitates。
定义及基本用法
定义
当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时，通常用it(不能用that，this等词) 来作形式主语代替它们，而将真正的主语放在后面，以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
基本用法
(1) it作不定式的形式主语句型
It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋t d sth.，这类名词有：a pleasure，a fact等
It＋be＋形容词＋(fr sb.)＋t d sth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有：wrng，right，imprtant，difficult，easy等
It is＋形容词＋f sb.＋t d sth.，这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由f引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有：kind，gd，plite，selfish等
It takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋t d sth.，这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略
(2) it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型
It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋ding sth.，这类名词有：(n) use，a waste f time等
用法
例句
It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句
It's certain that William will d well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。
It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句，这类名词有：a fact，a pity，a shame等
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language all ver the wrld. 事实上，在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。
It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句，这类过去分词有：knwn，annunced，believed，decided等
It is knwn t all that Christpher Clumbus discvered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句，这类动词有：seem，matter，strike，ccur等
It ccurred t me that he had gne t the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。