Unit 3语法整理和核心语法精练- 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

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Unit 3 To be a good learner语法整理及核心语法精练副词的比较级和最高级一、概念：用于比较动作的程度或方式。比较级用于两者对比，最高级用于三者及以上对比。二、用法：1. 比较级：主语 + 动词 + 比较级 + than + 比较对象如：Sandy reads faster than Amy.2. 最高级：主语 + 动词 + 最高级 + 范围如：Millie reads fastest in the class.三、构成规则：1. 规则变化大多数副词是在形容词词尾加 -ly 构成的，其最高级的构成需以形容词的变化为基础，具体规则如下：1) 单音节副词和部分双音节副词（本身不以 -ly 结尾），直接在词尾加 -est如：fast → fastest 最快地hard → hardest 最努力地late → latest 最晚地early → earliest最早地，注意词尾 “y” 变 “i” 加 “est”2) 以 -ly 结尾的副词（多由形容词加 -ly 构成）需在其前加 most 构成最高级（不能直接加 -est）如：quickly → most quickly 最快速地carefully → most carefully 最仔细地happily → most happily 最开心地bravely → most bravely 最勇敢地2. 不规则变化部分常用副词的最高级是不规则的，需要特殊记忆：如：well → better → best 好地 → 更好地 → 最好地badly → worse → worst 差地 → 更差地 → 最差地little → less → least 少地 → 更少地 → 最少地much → more → most 多地 → 更多地 → 最多地far → farther/further → farthest/furthest 远地 → 更远地 → 最远地3. 特殊说明有些词既是形容词也是副词（如 fast, hard, early），其最高级形式对两者通用（如 fastest 既可作形容词最高级，也可作副词最高级）四、注意点：1. 副词最高级通常不加 the 的情况当副词最高级用于修饰动词，且在句中作状语时，前面一般不加 the如：He runs fastest in his class. 他在班里跑得最快。She sings best among the girls. 在这些女孩中，她唱得最好。2. 可以加 the 的情况当副词最高级用于强调比较的范围，或与 “of all”，“in + 范围” 等结构搭配，且需要突出 “最” 的语义时，前面可以加 the（尤其是在正式文体中）如：He works the hardest of all employees. 在所有员工中，他工作最努力。She speaks English the most fluently in our team. 在我们团队里，她英语说得最流利。反身代词一、概念：表示动作作用于主语自身，形式与主语人称一致二、构成规则：反身代词由 “人称代词宾格 + self/selves” 构成，单数用 self，复数用 selves，具体对应如下：注意：第三人称单数中，性别不同对应不同形式（he → himself，she → herself），无生命事物用 itself；复数形式统一为 themselves，不分性别。三、用法：反身代词在句中不能单独作主语，主要作宾语、表语或同位语，核心功能是强调 “动作回到主语本身” 或 “主语亲自参与”1. 作宾语（强调动作的承受者是主语自己）1) 接在及物动词后，作动词宾语：He hurt himself while playing basketball. 他打篮球时伤到了自己。She taught herself English. 她自学英语。2) 接在介词后，作介词宾语：The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。We should believe in ourselves. 我们应该相信自己。2. 作表语（说明主语的状态或身份）常用于 be, feel, look 等系动词后，描述主语的状态：The little girl is not herself today. 这个小女孩今天不舒服 / 状态不好。After the long trip, I felt myself again. 长途旅行后，我恢复了精神。3. 作同位语（强调主语 “亲自、本人”）通常位于主语或宾语后，起加强语气的作用，可省略但不影响句子基本意思：The president himself will attend the meeting. 总统亲自将出席会议。You should do the work yourself. 你应该自己做这项工作。4. 用于固定搭配反身代词常出现在一些固定短语中，需特殊记忆：1) by oneself（独自）：She lived by herself for 10 years. 她独自生活了 10 年。2) enjoy oneself（玩得开心）：We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。3) help oneself to（随便吃 / 用）：Help yourself to some fruit. 随便吃点水果吧。4) talk to oneself（自言自语）：He often talks to himself when thinking. 他思考时经常自言自语。5) come to oneself（苏醒；恢复理智）：She came to herself after the doctor’s treatment. 经过医生治疗，她醒了过来。后缀 - er, -or, -ist一、概念：加在动词或名词后构成表 “人” 的名词。二、用法：print → printer（打印机 / 印刷工）；invent → inventor（发明家）；art → artist（艺术家）。语法练习题一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. He runs ______ (fast) than his brother.2. She sings ______ (beautifully) in our class.3. The boy taught ______ (he) to play the piano.4. We enjoyed ______ (we) at the party.5. Li Ming studies ______ (hard) than any other student.6. She is a famous ______ (science).7. He is the ______ (good) swimmer in the team.8. The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the world.9. They hurt ______ (they) while playing football.10. She dances ______ (gracefully) than her sister.二、句型转换1. Tom runs fast. Jim runs faster.（合并为一句）Jim runs ______ ______ Tom.2. She learns English well. He learns English better.（改为最高级）He learns English ______ ______ in the class.3. I taught myself French.（改为同义句）I ______ French ______ ______.4. She sings more beautifully than any other girl.（改为同义句）She sings ______ ______ ______ all the girls.5. They enjoyed themselves at the concert.（改为同义句）They ______ ______ ______ time at the concert.三、单项选择1. He speaks English ______ than his sister.A. clear B. clearly C. more clearly D. most clearly2. She dances ______ in our school.A. good B. well C. better D. best3. The girl can look after ______ now.A. her B. she C. herself D. hers4. ______ is important to learn from others.A. It B. Its C. Itself D. It’s5. He works ______ than any other teacher in the school.A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest6. The ______ won the Nobel Prize for his great work.A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically7. She sings ______ as her mother.A. as good B. as well C. so good D. so well8. We should believe in ______.A. us B. our C. ourselves D. ours9. He writes ______ than I do.A. careful B. carefully C. more carefully D. most carefully10. The ______ is working on a new invention.A. invent B. inventor C. invention D. inventive11. She swims ______ in the team.A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest12. My brother taught ______ to play basketball.A. he B. him C. himself D. his13. He runs ______ than his friend.A. quick B. quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly14. The ______ painted a beautiful picture.A. art B. artist C. artistic D. artistry15. They enjoyed ______ during the holiday.A. them B. their C. themselves D. theirs四、完成句子1. 她英语说得比我好。She speaks English ______ ______ me.2. 他是我们班跑得最快的。He runs ______ ______ in our class.3. 孩子们在派对上玩得很开心。The children ______ ______ at the party.4. 她自学了弹吉他。She ______ ______ to play the guitar.5. 这位作家写了很多好书。The ______ wrote many good books.五、完形填空Learning is a lifelong journey. Some people learn 1______ than others, but everyone can improve. Tom learns 2______in our class. He reads 3______ than anyone else and always finishes his homework 4______. He often teaches 5______ new skills. Last year, he taught 6______ how to code. Now he is a good 7______. He says, “You can do anything if you believe in 8______.” Among all the 9______ in our school, Tom is the 10______ . We all learn from him.1. A. quick B. quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly2. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest3. A. careful B. carefully C. more carefully D. most carefully4. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest5. A. he B. him C. himself D. his6. A. he B. him C. himself D. his7. A. program B. programmer C. programming D. programmed8. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours9. A. learn B. learner C. learners D. learning10. A. successful B. more successful C. most successful D. the most successful六、语法填空Everyone can learn well with the right methods. Some students study 1______ (hard) than others, but it’s not just about effort. You need to learn 2______ (smartly). For example, Mary reads 3______ (fast) than John, but John remembers 4______ (well) because he takes notes. John often asks 5______ (he) questions while reading. A good 6______ (learn) knows how to manage time. They never give up when facing difficulties. They believe in 7______ (they) and keep trying. In the end, the 8______ (much) you practice, the 9______ (good) you will become. Remember: 10______ (teach) yourself is the best way to learn.人称单数反身代词复数反身代词第一人称myself（我自己）ourselves（我们自己）第二人称yourself（你自己）yourselves（你们自己）第三人称himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）、itself（它自己）themselves（他们 / 她们 / 它们自己）