外研版 选必一 Unit 6 第一课时 The Sky Railway学案

这是一份外研版 选必一 Unit 6 第一课时 The Sky Railway学案，共19页。学案主要包含了词块积累，课堂讲练答案等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Part I Understanding the passsage
Part II Language
Fcus
1 In which year was the cmpleted Qinghai-Xizang Railway put int peratin?
完工后的青藏铁路是哪一年投入运营的？
peratin n. 运转，运行，操作；手术
【搭配】
put /bring ... int peratin 实施……，使……运转，启用……
in peratin 在工作中，使用中，有效
cme int peratin 开始工作，开始生效
have an peratin 接受手术
d / perfrm an peratin n sb. fr... 给某人动手术（以治疗……）
The China-assisted airprt was put int peratin last year after lng-term cnstructin.
中国援建的这个机场在经历了长期建设后，与去年投入使用。
When a persn is ill, the bdy’s natural defence system cmes int peratin, making the persn recver sn.
一个人生病时，身体的自然防御系统开始运作，使人很快康复。
【同族】
peratr n. [C] 接线员；操作人员；经营者
perate v. 运转；经营；动手术；操作
peratin n. 运转，运行，操作；手术
perate well/badly 运转得好/差
perate n sb. (fr...) 给某人动手术（以治疗……）

单句语法填空
① The______ tld us that althugh the ld machine had been in_______ fr mrethan ten years, it still ______ quite well.( perate )
② The dctrs perated _____ her fr an eye disease yesterday.
③ Many private galleries are ____ peratin,with many mre pening each year.
like massive dragns are winding amng the muntains...
……一条条巨龙翻山越岭……
massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的（mass n. 团，块；大量；一群 adj. 大批的；数量极多的；广泛的 massively adv. 大规模地）
They have made a massive effrt t save the ancient walls.
他们已经做出了很大的努力来拯救这些古老的墙。
Shrtly after suffering frm a massive earthquake, the city tk n a new lk.
在经历了一次大地震后不久，这个城市呈现出了新的面貌。
(1) a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病发作 a massive increase 大幅度增加
a massive muntain range 巨大的山脉 a massive effrt 巨大的努力
(2) a mass f/masses f 大量的
masses f reprts 大量的报道
mass media 大众传媒 mass extinctin 大灭绝
【词块积累】

单句语法填空
① Jane is able t talk, and she has made ______ (mass) prgress ver the last few mnths.
② His argument is that the divisin f labur has _____(massive) increased living standards.
③ I have gt ______ (mass) f wrk t d this week, s I can’t visit yu this Friday.
完成句子
④ In rder t find cures fr cancers, scientists all ver the wrld ___________________ (已经做出了很大的努力).
Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a recrd f all f ur effrts t vercme the mst difficult engineering challenges. ……青藏铁路是我们克服各种工程难题的全部心思。
vercme v. (vercame, vercme) 克服；战胜；受到……的极大影响
There is n difficulty in the wrld that they cannt vercme.
世界上没有他们克服不了的困难。
In the quarter-final, Sweden easily vercame France.
在四分之一决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。[词汇复现]
The students were vercme with jy when they fund ut they had wn the cmpetitin. 当学生们发现自己赢得了比赛时，他们欣喜若狂。
【词块积累】
vercme challenges/difficulties/prblems 克服挑战难/难题
be vercme with 受到……的极大影响

单句语法填空
① He _______ (vercme) his fear f public speaking and gave an excellent presentatin.
② Apart frm that, there are ther prblems _________ (vercme).
③ He was vercme _________ excitement as he stepped nt the stage t receive the award.
完成句子
④ Yu will surely need t __________ (克服一些困难), sme planned, but mst unplanned.
4 Hw t prtect the delicate ecsystem was amng the tp cncerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
cncern n. & v.
(1) n. 忧虑，担心；关切的事，关切的事
搭配：express cncern fr sb./sth. 表达对某人/某事的关心
We expressed great cncern fr the peple in the disaster area.
我们对灾区人民表示了极大的关心。
(2) v. 使担忧，使担心；与……有关，关于
What cncerns me is ur lack f preparatin fr the change.
让我担心的是我们对（事态的）变化缺乏准备。
【词块积累】
cncerning prep. 关于；就……而言
cncerned adj. 担心的；有关的
be cncerned with 与……相关；关于
be cncerned abut/fr 关心……；担心……
as/s far as sb. is cncerned 依某人看；就某人而言
as/s far as sth. is cncerned 就某事（物）而言

单句语法填空
① Everyne cncerned _____ the incident was questined by the plice.
② Nwadays peple are mre cncerned ___ the envirnment where they live.
③ He was ________ (cncern) t hear that tw f his trusted wrkers were leaving.
④ We still have a lng way t g t slve all the prblems _______ (cncern) the Yangtze River.
5 The first landmark t catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge.
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥……
catch ne’s eye 引起某人的注意
A giant trtise in the distance caught my eye.
远处的一只巨型陆龟吸引了我的注意力。[词汇复现]
【词块积累】
(1) catch ne’s attentin 引起某人的注意 catch sight f 看见
catch sb. ding sth. 发现某人正在做某事 be caught in 遭遇
catch n 理解；流行起来 catch up with 赶上；追上
Please repeat what yu said just nw. I didn’t quite catch n.
请把你刚才说的话重复一遍，我没太听明白。
(2) keep an eye n 照看；留意 keep an eye ut fr 密切注意
have an eye fr 对……有鉴赏力 lk sb. in the eye 直视某人
fix ne’s eyes n 注视，盯着看
I never wrried abut my sn while I was away because my mther kept an eye n him.
我不在的时候从不担心我儿子，因为我妈妈照看他。
单句语法填空
① Caught ______ the heavy rain, she had t take shelter in a nearby stre.
② I ran faster and faster till I caught ____ with all the ther runners.
③ The cat was caught n the eye by its wner______ ( play ) with the fish in the tank.
完成句子
④ A nise at a windw __________ (引起我的注意), s I attended t it.
⑤ We shuld ___________ (密切注意) any signs f danger n ur hiking trip.
sme stpping t eat grass at their leisure.
……有些停下来悠闲地吃草。
leisure n. 空闲，闲暇(leisurely adj. 不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的 adv. 悠闲地)
She likes t paint at her leisure, expressing her creativity freely.
她喜欢在闲暇时画画，自由地表达她的创造力。
The by sat there, playing with his ty leisurely.
男孩坐在那里，悠闲地玩着他的玩具。
【词块积累】
at ne’s leisure 空闲时 at leisure 从容不迫，不慌不忙
leisure time 闲暇时间 leisure activities 休闲活动
单句语法填空
① We tk a ________ (leisure) walk alng the riverside, enjying the beautiful scenery.
完成句子
② Students can pursue their hbbies _________ (在闲暇时) and refresh fr the upcming academic year.
③ I’ll take the reprt hme and read it ________________ (不慌不忙).
I want t reach ut and tuch its pale blue mirrr-like surface.
……我好想伸出手去摸一摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。
reach ut 伸出（手）；提供援助
In rder t make friends, yu shuld reach ut first instead f just waiting.
为了交朋友，你应该先伸出手，而不是仅仅等待。
In times f truble, we shuld reach ut fr supprt frm ur friends and family.
在困难时期，我们应该向朋友和家人寻求支持。
【词块积累】
within (easy) reach (f...) (很)接近……；(很)靠近……
within sb.’s reach/within the reach f sb. 某人触手可及；在某人能力范围之内
ut f sb.’s reach/ut f the reach f sb. 某人够不到；在某人能力范围之外
beynd sb.’s reach/beynd the reach f sb. 某人够不到；在某人能力范围之外


单句语法填空
① He reached _______ his hand t cmfrt his daughter, wh was crying sadly.
单句语法填空
② The by reached ut _______ the ty train and fell dwn.
完成句子
③ The advanced technlgy in sme fields is still _______________________________（对许多发展中国家来说是可望而不可即的）.
cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery t life
……在草原上徜徉的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
wander v. 徘徊，闲逛，漫步于；（思想等）不集中，走神；偏离
I like t wander in the park after dinner.
我喜欢晚饭后在公园里闲逛。
The child wandered ff and gt lst. 那个孩子走散后迷路了。
I think his cmpsitin has wandered frm the pint. 我认为他的作文离题了。
【词块积累】
wander in/arund 在……闲逛
wander ff（从应该逗留的地方）离开
wander frm the pint 偏离主题

life 使……充满勃勃生机；使……更生动；使……复苏
Our teacher’s flk tales brught the class t life.
我们老师讲的民间故事使课堂活跃起来了。[词汇复现]
Flwers can bring a dull rm back t life. 鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。
cme t life 变得有趣，活跃起来；苏醒过来 give life t 赋予……生命/活力
full f life 充满活力 risk ne’s life 冒着生命危险
true t life 逼真的，活灵活现的 lead/live/have a(n) 过着……的生活
fr life 终身
【词块积累】
单句语法填空
① [2022·浙江卷]One day, while driving near her hme, she saw a dg _____ (wander) n the rad, clearly lst.
选词填空(wander/wnder)
② He arund the Great Pyramid—ne f the Seven ______ f the Wrld, hw it came int being.
单句语法填空
① The bravery f the tw yung men is vividly brught ______ life in this true stry.
② Street music gives life _____ everyne wh listens and ffers relief frm the cares f the day.
完成句子
③ The match really _____________（变得活跃）in the secnd half.
④ The sculpture is _________ （逼真的）and full f vitality.
9 Hw t prtect the delicate ecsystem was amng the tp cncerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
“疑问词 + 不定式”结构
(1)“疑问词 + 不定式”可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
When t launch the new prduct is a matter f careful cnsideratin.
什么时候推出新产品是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（主语）
I’m trying t get her a gd gift, but I dn’t knw what t chse.
我想给她买件好礼物，但我不知道该选什么。（宾语）
The mst imprtant skill that yu learn when yu play chess is hw t make gd decisins.
你下国际象棋时学到的最重要的技能就是如何做出正确的决定。(表语)
(2)“疑问词 + 不定式”可以转换成相应的从句。
Tell me when t leave. → Tell me when I shuld leave.
告诉我什么时候离开。 → 告诉我我应该什么时候离开。
完成句子
① __________________（在哪里建造新工厂）is still being debated.
② I’m cnstantly thinking abut ______（采用哪些学习方法）t imprve my learning efficiency.
③ At first, I didn’t knw ________________（期待从这次旅行中得到什么）r hw much time I might spend n it..
Part III Pst-exercise
一、阅读理解
A
Benefits f Owning a Dg
There’s a reasn why dgs are called man’s best friends. A gd friend is faithful, will be there t pick yu up when yu’re dwn, will keep yu n track t reach yur gals, and will just be there fr yu as cmpany. 1 The mental, physical and scial benefits f caring fr a dg — r any ther pet, fr that matter — are in large numbers. Here are all the reasns yur life will imprve with a dg:
Owning a dg keeps yu active.
2 As a result, dg wners are ften inspired tward an active lifestyle t satisfy their dg’s needs. Research cnducted by the American Heart Assciatin shwed that dg wners were 54 percent mre likely t get the recmmended amunt f exercise than nn-dg wners.
3
Owning a dg has many heart-healthy benefits, such as a decrease in bld pressure, decreasing the risk f heart disease. One study shwed that nn-dg wners wh had survived a heart attack were mre likely t die within a year than dg wners.
Yu will feel calmer if yu wn a dg.
Dgs prvide a calming and familiar presence. 4 One study shwed that Alzheimer’s patients wh wned dgs had fewer anxiety-induced exacerbatins (加重) than Alzheimer’s patients withut dgs.
Dg wners can prmte their cmmunicatin with thers.
Dgs prvide a natural cnnectin with ther peple and are great cnversatin starters. Cmmn questins and cmments frm dg lvers and wners include: “What breed (品种) are they?”, “Hw lng have yu had them?” and “They’re s cute!” 5
A．Keeping a dg makes yu live lnger.
B．That decreases stress and anxiety levels.
C．Owning a dg prvides safety and peace f mind.
D．And that’s exactly what a dg can d fr its wner.
E．Dgs are naturally energetic and lve t play and exercise.
F．These cnversatin starters lead t an immediate scial cnnectin.
G．This is because a dg fully relies n its wner fr attentin, meals and cleanliness.
B
Whether yu check it n the way t wrk, during breaks r befre bed, scrlling (滚屏) thrugh scial media has becme a habit fr many peple.
But have yu ever nticed hw hard it is t stp? A new study lked at what happens inside ur bdies when we use scial media and when we suddenly stp. It fund that scial media desn’t just attract ur attentin; it causes changes in ur heart rate, sweat levels and stress respnses.
Researchers frm Durham University in the UK lked at Instagram t see hw it changes ur physical state in real time. Fr the study, they tested 54 Instagram users in three steps, each lasting 15 minutes. First, participants read a news article t measure their nrmal state. Then, they scrlled thrugh Instagram. Finally, they had t stp using Instagram, but still received ntificatins(消息提醒) they culdn’t check.
During each step, the researchers lked at participants’ heart rates, sweat levels and stress. While participants scrlled, their heart rates slwed, meaning they were very fcused. At the same time, sweat levels increased, shwing excitement. But when participants had t stp scrlling, their heart rates increased, sweat levels rse even mre, and they reprted feeling anxius and stressed. These effects were even strnger when they were getting ntificatins they culdn’t check.
The effects were the same fr everyne, nt just heavy scial media users. Niklas Ihssen, ne f the study’s authrs, explained that these effects suggest that Instagram pulls peple int a state f deep engagement. And if that state is interrupted, the bdy reacts with mre stress. These findings raise imprtant questins abut hw scial media affects us. If every shrt scrlling sessin brings pleasure fllwed by stress, peple may g thrugh this cycle many times a day withut knwing it.
T break the cycle, small changes like turning ff ntificatins, r nly checking scial media at certain times during the day, might help.
6．Which methd did researchers use fr the study?
A．Tracking users’ nline activity habits.
B．Cmparing Instagram with ther apps.
C．Interviewing heavy scial media users.
D．Testing participants in three 15-minute stages.
7．What changes did participants have when they stpped scrlling?
A．Slwer heart rates and less sweat.
B．Faster heart rates and mre sweat.
C．Lwer stress and calmer breathing.
D．N heart rate change but mre stress.
8．What des the underlined wrd “cycle” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The steps f the research.
B．Receiving and ignring ntificatins.
C．Checking phnes at wrk and befre bed.
D．The prcess f feeling happy then stressed.
9．Hw des the authr feel abut scial media’s effects?
A．Interested.B．Cncerned.
C．Cnfused.D．Amazed.
二、完形填空
Children mdel themselves largely n their parents. They d s mainly thrugh identificatin. Children identify 10 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 11 f that parent. The things parents d and say---and the 12 they d and say t them--therefre strngly influence a child's 13 Hwever, parents must cnsistently behave like the type f 14 they want their child t becme.
A parent's actins 15 affect the self-image that a child frms 16 identificatin. Children wh see mainly psitive qualities in their 17 will likely learn t see themselves in a psitive way. Children wh bserve chiefly 18 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 19 psitive qualities in themselves. Children may 20 their self-image, hwever, as they becme increasingly 21 by peers grups standards befre they reach 13.
Islated(孤立的) events, 22 dramatic (突然的) nes, d nt necessarily have a permanent 23 n a child's behavir. Children interact such events accrding t their established attitudes and previus training. Children wh knw they are lved can, 24 , accept the divrce f their parents r a parent's early 25 But if children feel unlved, they may interpret such events 26 a sign f rejectin r punishment.
In the same way, all children are nt influenced 27 by tys and games, reading matter, and televisin prgrams. 28 in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins, the 29 f an activity r experience depends n hw the child interprets it.
10．A．tB．withC．arundD．fr
11．A．infrmedB．characteristicC．cnceivedD．indicative
12．A．gestureB．expressinC．wayD．Extent
13．A．behavirB．wrdsC．mdD．reactins
14．A．persnB．humansC．creaturesD．adult
15．A．in turnB．neverthelessC．alsD．as a result
16．A．befreB．besidesC．withD．thrugh
17．A．eyesB．parentsC．peersD．behavirs
18．A．negativeB．cheerfulC．variusD．cmplex
19．A．seeB．seeingC．t seeD．t seeing
20．A．mdifyB．cpyC．give upD．cntinue
21．A．matureB．influencedC．uniqueD．independent
22．A．ntB．besidesC．evenD．finally
23．A．ideaB．wnderC．stampD．effect
24．A．luckilyB．fr exampleC．at mstD．theretically
25．A．deathB．rewardsC．adviceD．teaching
26．A．asB．beingC．fD．Fr
27．A．evenB．at allC．alikeD．as a whle
28．A．EvenB．SinceC．RightD．As
29．A．resultB．effectC．scaleD．cause
三、语法填空
语法填空
When I was yunger, I thught science wuld make gd things 30 everybdy. Hwever, it represents the 31 (destruct) f peple and it puts ur future at risk smetimes. What is the value f science?
The first value is that 32 (science) knwledge enables us t d and make all kinds f things. Scientific knwledge is 33 enabling pwer t d either gd r bad — but it des nt carry instructins n 34 t apply it. Such pwer 35 (have) bvius value. Anther value is the intellectual enjyment. Thanks t the scientific effrt, we have been led t imagine all 36 (srt) f things mre fantastic than pets and dreamers f the past ever culd. Let’s turn t the third value. The scientist has a lt f experience with 37 (ignre) and dubt and uncertainty, and this experience is f great imprtance. Scientists take 38 fr granted that it is perfectly pssible t live and nt knw.
39 (knw) the great prgress that is the fruit f freedm f thught, scientists have respnsibility t declare the value f this freedm.
【课堂讲练答案】
1. ① peratr; peratin; perated ② n ③ in
④ int ⑤ is perated ⑥ The new plicy has cme int peratin in several cities.
2. ① massive ② massively ③ masses ④ have made massive effrts
3. ① vercame ② t be vercme ③ with ④ vercme sme difficulties
4. ① with ② abut / fr ③ cncerned ④ cncerning
5. ① in ② up ③ playing ④ caught my attentin ⑤ keep an eye ut fr
6. ① leisurely ② at their leisure ③ at leisure
7. ① ut ② fr ③ ut f/beynd the reach f many develping cuntries
8. ① wandering ② wandered; Wnders; Wnders; wndering
life ① t ② t ③ came t life ④ true t life
9. ① Where t build the new factry ② which study methds t adpt ③ what t expect frm the trip
课后练习参考答案
1．D 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述养狗的诸多益处，包括让人更活跃、有益心脏健康、使人平静及促进社交等，说明养狗能改善生活。
1．根据上文“There’s a reasn why dgs are called man’s best friends. A gd friend is faithful, will be there t pick yu up when yu’re dwn, will keep yu n track t reach yur gals, and will just be there fr yu as cmpany. (狗被称为人类最好的朋友是有原因的。好朋友是忠诚的，会在你情绪低落时鼓励你，会帮助你坚持实现目标，并且会一直陪伴在你身边。)” 以及下文“The mental, physical and scial benefits f caring fr a dg — r any ther pet, fr that matter — are in large numbers. (照顾一只狗——或者任何其他宠物——所带来的心理、生理和社会益处是众多的。)” 可知，上文作者将狗比作人类最好的朋友，并列举了好朋友的特质。本空位于该比喻之后，应承接这一比喻，说明狗正是能提供这些支持的朋友。D选项“And that’s exactly what a dg can d fr its wner. (这正是狗狗能为它的主人所做的。)”完美承接上文对“好朋友”的描述，引出下文关于养狗好处的具体论述，实现了自然过渡，符合题意。故选D。
2．根据上文“Owning a dg keeps yu active. (养狗能让你保持活力。)”可知，本段讨论养狗能促进主人保持活跃。本空位于该主题句之后，应解释其原因。E选项“Dgs are naturally energetic and lve t play and exercise. (狗天生精力充沛，喜欢玩耍和运动。)”解释了为什么养狗能让人活跃——因为狗自身需要运动，从而促使主人也动起来。并且该选项与下文“dg wners are ften inspired tward an active lifestyle t satisfy their dg’s needs”逻辑一致。故选E。
3．根据下文“Owning a dg has many heart-healthy benefits, such as a decrease in bld pressure, decreasing the risk f heart disease. (养狗对心脏健康有很多益处，比如降低血压，减少患心脏病的风险。)”可知，本段讨论养狗对心脏健康的益处。空处需作为本段总起句，概括养狗与心脏健康的关系，A选项“Keeping a dg makes yu live lnger. (养狗能让你活得更久。)”是对本段内容的概括，因为降低心脏病风险、降低血压等益处最终可能延长寿命，且A选项中“makes yu live lnger”与下文“One study shwed that nn-dg wners wh had survived a heart attack were mre likely t die within a year than dg wners.”相呼应，符合逻辑。故选A。
4．本段主题为“养狗让人更平静”，根据上文“Dgs prvide a calming and familiar presence. (狗狗的存在让人感到平静和亲切。)”可知，狗能提供平静和熟悉的陪伴，空处需解释狗为何能带来平静感，B选项“That decreases stress and anxiety levels. (这会降低压力和焦虑水平。)”直接说明了狗的陪伴如何让人平静，且B选项中的“that”指代上文的“a calming and familiar presence”，逻辑衔接紧密，B选项中的“decreases stress and anxiety”与后文阿尔茨海默病患者焦虑减轻的研究结果相呼应。故选B。
5．本段主题是“养狗能促进与他人的交流”，根据上文“Dgs prvide a natural cnnectin with ther peple and are great cnversatin starters. (狗狗能与其他人建立天然的联系，是开启对话的绝佳话题。)”可知，提到狗是聊天的开端，并列举了常见话题。空白处需说明这些话题的作用，F选项“These cnversatin starters lead t an immediate scial cnnectin. (这些开场白能迅速建立起社交联系。)”中的“these cnversatin starters”指代上文提到的关于狗的常见问题和评论，呼应了“促进交流”的主题，并解释了狗如何帮助主人与他人产生互动。故选F。
6．D 7．B 8．D 9．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于社交媒体使用对人体影响的研究，探究了人们使用社交媒体及突然停止使用时身体发生的变化。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr the study, they tested 54 Instagram users in three steps, each lasting 15 minutes. (在这项研究中，他们分三个步骤对54名Instagram用户进行了测试，每个步骤持续15分钟)”可知，研究人员采用的方法是让参与者在三个15分钟的阶段接受测试。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“But when participants had t stp scrlling, their heart rates increased, sweat levels rse even mre, and they reprted feeling anxius and stressed. (但当参与者不得不停止滚屏时，他们的心率加快，出汗量更多，并且表示感到焦虑和有压力)”可知，参与者停止滚屏时，心率加快且出汗更多。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段“If every shrt scrlling sessin brings pleasure fllwed by stress, peple may g thrugh this cycle many times a day withut knwing it. (如果每次短暂的滚动浏览都先带来愉悦，随后又引发压力，那么人们可能会在一天中不知不觉地经历多次这样的循环)”可知，“cycle”指的是先感到愉悦、之后产生压力的过程，与D选项“先感到快乐而后产生压力的过程。”相对应。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether yu check it n the way t wrk, during breaks r befre bed, scrlling (滚屏) thrugh scial media has becme a habit fr many peple. (无论是在上班路上、休息时还是睡前查看，刷社交媒体已经成为很多人的习惯)”并结合全文内容可知，文章介绍了社交媒体使用对人体产生的影响，尤其是停止使用时带来的压力，还提出了打破这种循环的建议，体现出作者对社交媒体影响的关注与担忧。故选B项。
10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．C 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了父母的言行举止，影响孩子的行为。然而，父母希望他们的孩子成为他们想成为的类型。子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响。
10．考查介词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：当孩子相信自己拥有父母的特质和情感时，他们就会认同父母。A. t向；B. with和；C. arund围绕；D. fr为了。根据本句“Children identify a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings”当孩子相信父母的品质和情感时，孩子们会和父母联系在一起。identify与with连用，意为“把……和……联系起来”。符合句意，故选B。
11．考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. infrmed见多识广的，消息灵通的；B. characteristic特有的，表示特性的；C. cnceived想象，怀孕；D. indicative指示的。文中“have the qualities and feelings”可知，是代表他父母特点的品质和情感。故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母做的和说的事情——以及父母对探秘做的和说的方式——强烈地影响着孩子的行为。A. gesture手势；B. expressin表情；C. way方式；D. extent范围。根据下文“therefre strngly influence a child's”，可推断是说他们对孩子们做和说的事情和方式都会影响孩子的行为。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. behavir行为；B. wrds语言；C. md心情；D. reactins反应。根据上文“The things parents d and say---and the 3 they d and say t them”，可知是父母的行为方式对孩子的行为影响强烈。符合题意，故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 然而，父母必须始终如一地表现得像他们希望孩子成为的那种人。A. persn人；B. humans人类；C. creatures生物；D. adult成年人。根据下文“they want their child t becme ”和常识，可知父母都会表现出想让他们的孩子成为的那种类型的人。故选A。
15．考查连词和短语词义辨析。句意：父母的行为也会影响孩子通过认同形成的自我形象。A. in turn依次；B. nevertheless然而；C. als也，还；D. as a result结果。前面是说父母的言行会强烈地影响孩子的行为，这里 “A parent's actins affect the self-image”是说父母的言行还影响孩子的自我形象，所以用连词als。故选C。
16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. befre在……之前；B. besides除……之外；C. with和，随着；D. thrugh通过，凭借。根据上文“the self-image that a child frms” 可知孩子通过鉴别身份形成自我形象，因此选择thrugh。故选D。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在父母身上看到积极品质的孩子很可能学会以积极的方式看待自己。A. eyes眼睛；B. parents父母；C. peers同龄人；D. behavirs行为。根据上文“The things parents d and say---and the 3 they d and say t them--therefre strngly influence a child's 4 ”可知父母的言行影响孩子，所以孩子从父母身上看到的也同样影响孩子，故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些看到父母身上消极品质的孩子们很难在自己身上看到积极的品质。A. negative消极的；B. cheerful高兴的；C. varius各种各样的；D. cmplex复杂的。根据上文“Children wh see mainly psitive qualities in their 8 will likely learn t see themselves in a psitive way.”可知这里说的是反之的情况，可以推测出此处要选psitive的反义词negative。故选A。
19．考查固定用法。句意：同上。 本句考查固定搭配have difficulty (in) ding sth，很难在自己身上看到积极的品质符合句意。故选B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当孩子们在13岁之前越来越受同龄人群体标准的影响时，他们可能会改变自己的自我形象。A. mdify修改，修饰；B. cpy复制；C. give up放弃；D. cntinue持续。由hwever可以看出，这句话的意思是对前面子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响的转折。可知是孩子会改变他们的自我形象。B、C、D意思与题意不符，故选A。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mature成熟的；B. influenced受影响的；C. unique惟一的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“Children may 11 their self-image, hwever”可知是受群体影响会改变自我形象，故选B。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：孤立的事件，甚至是戏剧性的事件，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。A. nt不；B. besides此外；C. even甚至；D. finally最后。故选C。根据上文“Islated(孤立的) events”和下文“dramatic(突然的) nes”可知是递进关系，故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：同上。A. idea想法；B. wnder奇迹；C. stamp邮票；D. effect影响。根据下文“Children interact such events accrding t their established attitudes and previus training.”可知孤立的事件，甚至是戏剧性的事，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。短语have an effect n“对……产生影响”，符合句意。故选D。
24．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：例如，知道自己被爱的孩子可以接受父母的离婚或父母的早逝。 A. luckily幸运地；B. fr example例如；C. at mst至多；D. theretically理论上。根据上文“Islated(孤立的) events, 13 dramatic (突然的) nes”可知这里的离婚或者早逝都是举例说明，故选fr example。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. death死亡；B. rewards报答；C. advice建议；D. teaching教学。这里r与连接的两个词都应是意义相似的令人不愉快的事，选项中与divrce相对应的词只有death。故选A。
26．考查介词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：但如果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件理解为拒绝或惩罚的信号。 A. as作为；B. being是；C. f关于；D. fr为了。短语interpret与as搭配，意为“把……理解为”，符合句意。故选A。
27．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：同样，玩具、游戏、阅读材料和电视节目对所有孩子的影响也不尽相同。A. even甚至；B. at all根本，简直；C. alike同样地；D. as a whle整体上。根据上文可知孤立事件或者戏剧性事件对不同的孩子是不同的影响，所以可推断即使是同样的玩具、游戏、阅读材料和电视节目对所有孩子的影响也不同，故选C。
28．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：就像家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，一项活动或经历的效果取决于孩子如何理解它。A. Even即使；B. Since自从；C. Right立刻，马上；D. As正如。根据下文“in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins”，可知就像家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，无论是活动或经历都会给孩子带来不同的影响，正如符合题意，故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. result结果；B. effect影响；C. scale刻度；D. cause原因。根据上文“in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins”可知和家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，都是带来不同的影响，而这种影响取决于孩子怎么理解这个事情。故选B。
30．fr 31．destructin 32．scientific 33．an 34．hw 35．has 36．srts 37．ignrance 38．it 39．Knwing
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了科学的价值是什么。
30．考查介词。句意：当我年轻的时候，我认为科学会为每个人带来好处。根据句意可知，此处表示“为”，应用介词fr。故填fr。
31．考查名词。句意：然而，它代表着对人的破坏，它有时会把我们的未来置于危险之中。此处作宾语，应用名词destructin，不可数名词。故填destructin。
32．考查形容词。句意：第一个价值是科学知识使我们能够做各种各样的事情。此处修饰名词knwledge，应用形容词scientific“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。
33．考查冠词。句意：科学知识是一种使人有能力行善或作恶的力量——但它并不能指导如何应用它。此处泛指“一种能使人行善或作恶的力量”，应用不定冠词，enabling发音以元音音素开头应用an。故填an。
34．考查疑问副词。句意：科学知识是一种使人有能力行善或作恶的力量——但它并不能指导如何应用它。根据句意可知，此处指“如何应用它”，应用连接副词hw。故用hw。
35．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种力量具有明显的价值。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Such pwer，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
36．考查名词复数。句意：由于科学的努力，我们已经被引导去想象各种比过去的诗人和梦想家所能想象的更奇妙的事情。srt表示“种类,类别”时为可数名词，由all 修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填srts。
37．考查名词。句意：科学家对于无知、怀疑和不确定有着丰富的经验，而这种经验是非常重要的。根据空前介词with和空后的and dubt and uncertainty可知，此处使用名词ignrance“无知”，为不可数名词。故填ignrance。
38．考查it作形式宾语。句意：科学家想当然地认为，生活而无知是完全可能的。固定句型take it fr granted that...“认为……理所当然”，it为形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：认识到思想自由所带来的巨大进步，科学家就有责任宣扬这种自由的价值。动词knw与其逻辑主语scientists之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填Knwing。
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
D
E
A
B
F
D
B
D
B
B
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
C
A
A
C
D
B
A
B
A
题号
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

答案
B
C
D
B
A
A
C
D
B