湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题.zip

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本试卷由试题卷和答题卡两部分组成，试题卷共10页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米签字笔或黑色水芯笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡规定位置上。
2. 第一卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3．第二卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔或黑色水芯笔作答。答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内。答案写在指定区域外的一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £ 19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1.What des the man want t d this afternn?
A. G skating. B. Watch a match. C. Play ftball.
2.Why is the man late?
A. He helped a persn. B. His car brke dwn. C. He gt up late.
3. What des the wman think f cking?
A. It’s easy. B. It’s difficult. C. It’s bring.
4.Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a classrm. B. In a cncert. C. At hme.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Jack’s wedding. B. Jack’s sfa C. Jack’s living rm.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What will the speakers prbably d next?
A. Hurry t the next class. B. G t a club. C. Meet sme friends.
7.What time is the man’s next class?
A. At 10:30. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:30.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Wh is the wman mst prbably talking t?
A. A salesman. B. A repairman. C. A classmate.
9. What happened t the wman’s cmputer?
A. Its sftware didn’t wrk. B. Its screen turned black. C. Its screen turned blue.
10.What des the man d t the wman’s cmputer?
A. Replace its screen. B. Scan fr viruses. C. Restart it.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Hw des the wman feel at first?
A. Tired. B. Wrried. C. Hungry.
12Where are the speakers ging?
A. T a restaurant. B. T a train statin. C. T a stre.
13.What is the man likely t d at last?
A. Drive slwly. B. Have a meal. C. Take a rest.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. C-wrkers. B. Schlmates. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
15.What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She is ut f wrk nw.
B. She lives near her cmpany.
C. She wrks fr HH Cmpany.
16. Hw des the man g t wrk these days?
A. By mtrbike. B. By subway. C. By car.
17.Why will the man g t the city library?
A. T return sme bks. B. T wrk there. C. T have an interview.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When is the United Natins Chinese Language Day?
A. On April 27th. B. On April 25th. C. On April 20th.
19. Hw did the UN Office celebrate the event?
A. It made 34 vides. B. It rganized a vide festival. C. It tld stries abut China.
20.What is imprtant in learning Chinese accrding t Yerdana?
A. Using imaginatin.
B. Watching Chinese vides.
C. Learning the mind f Chinese peple.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑
A
Children’s bks bring back jyful memries, prviding kids with that much-needed entertainment and educatin frm a yung age. Here, the experts at language learning app Babbel share a selectin f their favurites frm arund the wrld.
Sweden: Pippi Lngstcking, by Astrid Lindgren
This text is knwn as a must-read fr any yung Swede. The stry shws a superhumanly strng nine-year-ld girl n her adventures with her friends and als prvides a strng female presence in the stry, which is ften lacking in traditinal children’s literature and fairy tales. It is a great bk fr any children lking fr an exciting and curageus character.
France: The Little Prince, by Antine de Saint-Exupéry
As a classic in many natins, The Little Prince revlves arund a yung prince wh travels frm planet t planet thrugh space. He learns lessns abut lve, lneliness and friendship alng the jurney. It may have been written fr children, but enugh reflectin n cmplex themes makes it a great chice fr parents and children t read tgether.
Denmark: Fairy Tales, by Hans Christian Andersen
Even if yu haven’t heard f Hans Christian Andersen yu will certainly have heard f his fairy tales. Stries like The Princess and the Pea and The Little Mermaid have becme classics arund the wrld. This bk als includes ther, mre bscure fairy tales fr children t discver and enjy.
Germany: Knstantin, by Gerda Wagener Vlasta Baránkvá
This bk tells that a shy crcdile learns t play a French hrn in secret but encuraged by the jungle’s ther inhabitants, finally cmes ut f his shell and finds friendship thrugh his music. This whlesme and heartwarming stry encurages taking pride in what yu d and having the curage t share it with thers.
1. What is special abut Pippi Lngstcking?
A. The presence f a strng female.B. The bscure children’s fairy tales.
C. The reflectin n cmplex themes.D. The heartwarming encuragement.
2. Which bk best suits parent-child reading?
A. Pippi Lngstcking.B. The Little Prince.C. Fairy Tales.D. Knstantin.
3. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a textbk.B. In a bigraphy.
C. At a bkstre.D. At language learning app.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书籍的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The stry shws a superhumanly strng nine-year-ld girl n her adventures with her friends and als prvides a strng female presence in the stry, which is ften lacking in traditinal children’s literature and fairy tales.(这个故事讲述了一个超人般强壮的9岁女孩和她的朋友们一起冒险的故事，并在故事中提供了一个强大的女性存在感，这在传统的儿童文学和童话故事中往往是缺乏的)”可知，长袜子皮皮的特别之处是强大的女性存在感。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It may have been written fr children, but enugh reflectin n cmplex themes makes it a great chice fr parents and children t read tgether.(这本书可能是为孩子们写的，但对复杂主题的充分思考使它成为父母和孩子一起阅读的绝佳选择)”可知，《小王子》最适合亲子阅读。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, the experts at language learning app Babbel share a selectin f their favurites frm arund the wrld.(在这里，语言学习应用Babbel的专家们分享了他们最喜欢的来自世界各地的语言)”可推知，文章选自语言学习应用。故选D。
B
Yuan Lngping, knwn as the “father f hybrid rice (杂交水稻之父)”, is ne f China’s mst famus scientists. Yet, he cnsidered himself as a farmer because he cntinually wrked the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strng bdy was just like that f millins f Chinese farmers, t whm he devted his life.
Yuan was brn in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him t pursue a career in science r medicine. Hwever, what cncerned him mst was that farmers ften had pr harvests and smetimes even had a serius shrtage f fd t eat. T tackle this crisis, he chse t study agriculture and received an educatin at Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing.
After graduating frm Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in 1953, he wrked as a researcher. Yuan realized that larger fields were nt the slutin. Instead, farmers needed t bst yields (产量) in the fields they had. Hw this culd be dne was a challenging questin at the time. Yuan was cnvinced that the answer culd be fund in the creatin f hybrid rice. A hybrid is a crss between tw r mre varieties f species. One characteristic f hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than cnventinal crps. Thrugh intense effrt, Yuan vercame enrmus technical difficulties t develp the first hybrid rice that culd be used fr farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers t expand their utput greatly.
Witnessing the develpment f hybrid rice, Yuan nce said “I saw my super hybrid rice plant grwing as high as srghum (高粱). The panicle (head f rice) was as large as a brm, and the grains as big as peanuts. I was very happy t rest under them with my assistant.”
Tday, it is estimated (估计) that abut 60 percent f dmestic (国内的) rice cnsumptin in China is made up f crps prduced frm Yuan’s hybrid species and his species have allwed China’s farmers t prduce arund 200 millin tns f rice per year.
4. Why did Yuan Lngping cnsider himself a farmer?
A. Having a figure like farmers.B. Researching the land cnstantly.
C. Leading a life in the cuntryside.D. Graduating frm an agricultural cllege.
5. What des the underlined wrd “tackle” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Sharpen.B. Unearth.C. Get rid f.D. Give rise t.
6. What is the main advantage f hybrid rice?
A. Its higher yield.B. Its creatin prcess.
C. Its pr harvests.D. Its varieties f species.
7. What is Yuan’s attitude t the develpment f the hybrid rice?
A. Satisfied.B. Unbearable.C. Unspeakable.D. Cautius.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的个人经历以及成就。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet, he cnsidered himself as a farmer because he cntinually wrked the land in his research.(然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为他在研究中不断地在土地上工作)”可知，袁隆平认为自己是一个农民因为他不断研究土地。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Hwever, what cncerned him mst was that farmers ften had pr harvests and smetimes even had a serius shrtage f fd t eat.(然而，最令他担心的是农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮)”以及后文“he chse t study agriculture and received an educatin at Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing”可知，袁隆平选择学习农业，并在重庆西南农学院接受了教育，是为了摆脱上文提到的农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺粮的问题。故划线词意思是“摆脱”。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This hybrid enabled farmers t expand their utput greatly.(这种杂交品种使农民能够大大扩大产量)”可知，杂交水稻的主要优点是收益率更高。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Witnessing the develpment f hybrid rice, Yuan nce said “I saw my super hybrid rice plant grwing as high as srghum (高粱). The panicle (head f rice) was as large as a brm, and the grains as big as peanuts. I was very happy t rest under them with my assistant.”(目睹杂交水稻的发展，他曾说：“我看到我的超级杂交水稻长得和高粱一样高。穗（稻穗）有扫帚那么大，谷粒有花生那么大。我很高兴和我的助手在他们下面休息。”)”可推知，袁对杂交水稻的发展是满意的。故选A。
C
One f the wrld’s mst significant eclgical and envirnmental prblems is desertificatin. Desertificatin is a type f land degradatin in which a relatively dry land regin becmes increasingly arid (干旱的), typically lsing its bdies f water as well as vegetatin and wildlife. It’s happening all ver the wrld and it’s happening very quickly.
There are several causes f desertificatin. The immediate cause is the remval f mst vegetatin. This is driven by a number f factrs, such as drught, tillage (耕种) fr agriculture, vergrazing (过度放牧) and defrestatin fr fuel r cnstructin materials. Sme farmers farm their land t much, withut giving the sil a chance t recver. Others allw their animals t eat up large areas f grass far t quickly — at a rate that makes it impssible fr the grass t grw back. Cutting dwn trees is anther majr cause f desertificatin. Trees help prtect the sil. Withut trees, the sil easily blws away in the wind r washes away in flds. Besides, wildlife plays an imprtant rle in the preservatin f vegetatin and sil. S remval f animals is als ne f the main drivers f increasing desertificatin. Mrever, sme parts f the Earth are htter tday than they used t be. This change in climate has dried ut a lt f land.
The cnsequences f desertificatin can be disastrus. S we need t take steps t prevent desertificatin. We shuld pay attentin t hw much energy we use in ur daily lives. That way, we can reduce the amunt f carbn dixide released. We can walk r cycle shrt distances, and use less water. We can als prtect ur frests by reusing paper and nt using dispsable chpsticks. What’s mre, we shuld try t make peple arund us aware f the prblem and encurage them t change their daily habits in the same way. As lng as we create a harmnius envirnment, life n this planet will live in peace and abundance, and stp the pace f desertificatin tgether.
8. What can we learn abut desertificatin frm paragraph 1?
A. It is happening slwly thrughut the wrld.
B. It is an eclgical and envirnmental slutin.
C. It is the prcess during which farmland turns int desert.
D. It is the prcess during which a relatively dry land becmes rich.
9. Why des desertificatin ccur?
A. Wildlife des harm t the vegetatin and sil.
B. The change in climate cntributes t dried land.
C. Animals eat the grass at a slwer rate than grass grws.
D. Trees are blwn away in the wind r washed away in flds.
10. What steps can we take t prevent desertificatin?
A. Changing ur gd daily habits.
B. Raising peple’s envirnmental awareness.
C. Using mre paper and less dispsable chpsticks.
D. Using mre energy and releasing less carbn dixide.
11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Desertificatin — the majr cause f climate change.
B. Desertificatin — everyne’s respnsibility fr its treatment.
C. Desertificatin — the disastrus cnsequences f defrestatin.
D. Desertificatin — the mst significant eclgical and envirnmental prblem.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了世界上最严重的生态和环境问题之一——沙漠化，并介绍了沙漠化的原因和防止沙漠化的措施。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Desertificatin is a type f land degradatin in which a relatively dry land regin becmes increasingly arid (干旱的), typically lsing its bdies f water as well as vegetatin and wildlife.(沙漠化是土地退化的一种形式，在这种情况下，相对干燥的土地区域变得越来越干旱，通常会失去水体以及植被和野生动物)”可知，沙漠化是农田变为沙漠的过程，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Mrever, sme parts f the Earth are htter tday than they used t be. This change in climate has dried ut a lt f land.(此外，今天地球的某些地区比以前更热。气候的变化使许多土地干涸)”可知，气候的变化导致了土地的干涸，导致沙漠化，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“What’s mre, we shuld try t make peple arund us aware f the prblem and encurage them t change their daily habits in the same way.(更重要的是，我们应该试着让我们周围的人意识到这个问题，并鼓励他们以同样的方式改变他们的日常习惯)”可知，我们可以提高人们的环保意识来防止沙漠化，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章首句“One f the wrld’s mst significant eclgical and envirnmental prblems is desertificatin.(沙漠化是世界上最严重的生态和环境问题之一)”提出文章主题，下文讲述了沙漠化的原因和防止沙漠化的措施，故D项“沙漠化——最严重的生态环境问题”为最佳标题，故选D。
D
As many as 3.9 per cent f peple have aphantasia (心盲症), the inability t picture images in their heads. But frmally diagnsing (诊断) the cnditin is difficult. A simple physilgical test invlving a webcam culd ne day ffer a slutin.
Rebecca Kegh at Macquarie University in Australia and her clleagues have studied the effectiveness f a test they have develped fr aphantasia by recruiting 56 peple withut the cnditin and 18 peple wh said they have it.
The test is based n changes t pupil (瞳孔) size. Lking at a bright bject causes a persn’s pupils t cnstrict while dim bjects cause the pupils t dilate (扩大). The researchers guessed that a similar effect culd be bserved if peple were tld t imagine a bright r dark bject.
In their tests, the researchers tracked each persn’s pupil size using an infrared (红外的) camera. They shwed a participant a bright image f an bject n a screen fr 5 secnds, and tld him/her t memrize it. After the image disappeared, the participant’s pupils returned t their riginal size. He/She was asked t imagine the bject in his/her head. This task was repeated until he/she had lked at 16 bright images and 16 dark images. The pupils f all participants changed in respnse t seeing bright and dark images n the screen. Abut 90 per cent f thse withut aphantasia als shwed pupil size changes when tld t imagine thse images. Hwever, the same was true f just 39 per cent f peple wh said they had aphantasia.
Thmas Andrilln at the Paris Brain Institute suggests the test culd ne day be used t check if smene has aphantasia. But Kegh says the test still needs t be refined befre it can be used widely. “We cannt run this study withut access t infrared glasses that can measure pupil size,” she says. This is because the pupil size changes seen in thse withut aphantasia are still very small—a change in diameter (直径) f abut 0.2 t 0.4 millimetres. The team wants t gather mre data with larger sample sizes and hpes t develp a test that can be dne at hme via a laptp webcam.
12. What can we d t diagnse aphantasia?
A. Changing the pupil size.B. Imagining images in the head.
C. Tracking a similar effect via a laptp.D. Ding a physilgical test with a webcam.
13. Hw was the test carried ut?
A. By analyzing data.B. By classifying facts.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By giving detailed examples.
14. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. The infrared camera interrupts participants’ behavirs.
B. Images n the screen changed in respnse t pupil mvements.
C. All participants’ pupils change accrding t imagined images.
D. An infrared camera can detect aphantasia by tracking pupil changes.
15. What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A. Diagnsing aphantasia still has a lng way t g.
B. Access t infrared glasses is nt a necessity in the test.
C. A laptp webcam can be widely used t cure aphantasia.
D. Data with sample sizes are quite enugh t cnfirm the result.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一种可以用于测试心盲症的生理测试，介绍了其具体的操作过程以及存在的问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A simple physilgical test invlving a webcam culd ne day ffer a slutin.(有一天，一项简单的生理测试可以通过网络摄像头提供解决方案)”可知，用网络摄像头做生理测试来诊断心盲症。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Lking at a bright bject causes a persn’s pupils t cnstrict while dim bjects cause the pupils t dilate (扩大). The researchers guessed that a similar effect culd be bserved if peple were tld t imagine a bright r dark bject.(看明亮的物体会使人的瞳孔缩小，而看暗淡的物体会使瞳孔放大。研究人员猜测，如果让人们想象一个明亮或黑暗的物体，也会观察到类似的效果)”以及第四段“This task was repeated until he/she had lked at 16 bright images and 16 dark images.(这个任务一直重复，直到他/她看了16张明亮的图像和16张黑暗的图像)”可知，测试是通过比较进行的。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In their tests, the researchers tracked each persn’s pupil size using an infrared (红外的) camera.(在他们的测试中，研究人员使用红外摄像机跟踪每个人的瞳孔大小)”以及“The pupils f all participants changed in respnse t seeing bright and dark images n the screen. Abut 90 per cent f thse withut aphantasia als shwed pupil size changes when tld t imagine thse images. Hwever, the same was true f just 39 per cent f peple wh said they had aphantasia.(所有参与者的瞳孔都因看到屏幕上明亮和黑暗的图像而发生变化。当被要求想象这些图像时，大约90%没有心盲症的人的瞳孔大小也发生了变化。然而，只有39%的人说他们有心盲症)”可推知，红外摄像机可以通过跟踪瞳孔的变化来检测视觉想象缺失症。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thmas Andrilln at the Paris Brain Institute suggests the test culd ne day be used t check if smene has aphantasia. But Kegh says the test still needs t be refined befre it can be used widely. “We cannt run this study withut access t infrared glasses that can measure pupil size,” she says. This is because the pupil size changes seen in thse withut aphantasia are still very small—a change in diameter (直径) f abut 0.2 t 0.4 millimetres. The team wants t gather mre data with larger sample sizes and hpes t develp a test that can be dne at hme via a laptp webcam.(巴黎大脑研究所的托马斯·安德里永认为，这种测试有一天可以用来检查某人是否患有心盲症。但基奥表示，在广泛应用之前，该测试仍需要改进。她说：“如果没有可以测量瞳孔大小的红外眼镜，我们就无法进行这项研究。”这是因为没有失视的患者瞳孔大小的变化仍然非常小，直径的变化约为0.2至0.4毫米。研究小组希望通过更大的样本量收集更多的数据，并希望开发出一种可以在家里通过笔记本电脑网络摄像头进行的测试)”可知，最后一段的主旨是诊断心盲症还有很长的路要走。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Befre yu g n yur next tw wheeled adventure, make sure yu’re familiar with the ins and uts f bicycle safety. ____16____.—ne pwered by an electric mtr in additin t yur pedaling (踏板).
Many f the safety recmmendatins are the same fr bth types f bikes. Wear a helmet. Ride with the flw f traffic rather than against it. Make sure yu’re visible t mtrists (sme e-bikes nw cme with lights). ____17____. (left: extend yur left arm ut t the side; right: extend yur right arm r bend yur left arm up at a right angle). Dn’t talk n the phne, text, r listen t music. And if yu’re an e-bike rider, heed these tips t:
Check yur bike’s cnditin. That starts with checking that the tires are inflated (充气了的) and the brakes are wrking prperly. ____18____, take it fr a tune-up (调整) befre yu take it fr a ride. Fr an e-bike, als make sure yur battery is charged. And befre and after every ride, inspect yur bicycle fr damage.
____19____. This is imprtant fr e-bike riders. With the ability t g faster cmes the respnsibility t knw when yu shuld slw dwn.
Knw the rules f the rad. When yu’re riding in the street, even in a prtected bike lane, read the signals, pay attentin t the lane markings, and check the signage t see where e-bikes are allwed. ____20____.
A. Be aware f yur speed
B. Keep up the high speed f e-bike
C. Knw hw t use yur arm t signal turns
D. If the bicycle hasn’t been used fr a while
E. When yu finish the wrk f checking yur bike
F. This hlds true whether yu’re riding a traditinal bike r an e-bike
G. Signs may specify which types f bikes are allwed n which rads and paths
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了骑电动自行车需要注意的事项。
【16题详解】
上文“Befre yu g n yur next tw wheeled adventure, make sure yu’re familiar with the ins and uts f bicycle safety.(在你下次骑两轮车子之前，确保你熟悉自行车安全的细节。)”指出在骑两轮车子之前，要确保你熟悉自行车安全的细节，下文“ne pwered by an electric mtr in additin t yur pedaling (踏板).(由电动马达驱动的脚踏车。)”介绍了电动自行车，由此可知，空处应该提出“ne”的具体内容，即“电动自行车”，F项“不管你骑的是传统自行车还是电动自行车，这一点同样是对的”承上启下，“This”代指前面一句话，同时下文介绍了“e-bike”，故选F。
【17题详解】
空后括号内内容“left: extend yur left arm ut t the side; right: extend yur right arm r bend yur left arm up at a right angle)(向左：伸展你的左手臂到一边；向右：伸展你的右手臂或臂在一个正确的角度弯曲你的左手)”解释了如何使用你的手臂信号转弯，C项“知道如何使用你的手臂信号转弯”和括号内的内容是顺接关系，符合题意。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据本段标题“Check yur bike’s cnditin.(检查一下你自行车。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在骑行前，要检查你的自行车，空处和空后“take it fr a tune-up (调整) befre yu take it fr a ride(在你骑车之前先把它调整一下。)”是主从复合句，空处应指出在什么情况下需要调整自行车，D项“如果这辆自行车已经有一段时间没有使用过了，”符合，是下文的条件，即如果这辆自行车已经有一段时间没有使用过了，那么需要在骑车之前要调整一下，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据下文“ With the ability t g faster cmes the respnsibility t knw when yu shuld slw dwn.(随着速度的加快，你有责任知道什么时候应该放慢速度。)”可知，骑行的时候，要知道什么时候放慢速度，即要注意自己的速度，A项“注意你的速度”符合，故选A。
【20题详解】
上文“When yu’re riding in the street, even in a prtected bike lane, read the signals, pay attentin t the lane markings, and check the signage t see where e-bikes are allwed.(当你在街上骑车时，即使是在一条受保护的自行车道上，也要注意信号灯，注意车道标志，并检查标志，看哪里允许骑电动自行车。)”指出骑行时要注意车道标志，信号灯和路标，空处承接上文，指出这么做的原因，G项“标志可以指明哪些道路和路径允许使用哪种类型的自行车”符合，故选G。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I nticed a dad and his sn at the park. His sn wasn’t able t ____21____, but he seemed cntent sitting in the sand. The dad ____22____ t me that having been in speech therapy (言语治疗) fr years, his sn culd nly make sme sunds and was able t ____23____ eye cntact fr a few secnds. He tld me hw delighted he was t witness the ____24____ and what a pleasure it was t see all f the years f hard wrk ____25____. The father and sn ____26____ and thse few secnds f eye cntact meant the wrld t that dad!
The dad als shared with me that his ____27____ fr his by was t smeday be able t g fr ice cream tgether. Suddenly the sn ____28____ putting his fingers in the sand, lked at his father and said “hi”. Secnds later, the by went back int his wn ____29____. The dad wanted t say smething, but the ____30____ wuld nt cme. Yet what did cme were tears, which cnveyed hw ____31____ he was f his sn.
Althugh they were strangers t me, this event ____32____ me deeply and made me cnsider my ____33____ with my wn father. I hpe that as they cmmunicate further, mre and mre memries will be ____34____ fr them t share. I am cnvinced the feelings held by all ____35____ fathers — their hard wrk, their lve, their pride and their tears f lve — are all the same.
21. A. understandB. cmmunicateC. breatheD. survive
22. A. aplgizedB. prmisedC. explainedD. suggested
23. A. maintainB. awakenC. trackD. remve
24. A. requirementB. entertainmentC. appintmentD. achievement
25. A. put ffB. break ffC. pay ffD. set ff
26. A. extendedB. marchedC. reflectedD. cnnected
27. A. galB. cncernC. decisinD. slutin
28. A. beganB. stppedC. regrettedD. cntinued
29. A. apartmentB. familyC. jurneyD. wrld
30. A. frtunesB. effrtsC. wrdsD. chices
31. A. prudB. ashamedC. tiredD. dubtful
32. A. defeatedB. prmtedC. tuchedD. frightened
33. A. partnershipB. relatinshipC. membershipD. friendship
34. A. hnredB. rescuedC. imaginedD. created
35. A. amazingB. eye-catchingC. wide-rangingD. annying
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者遇到了一个几乎不能说话的儿子和他的父亲，他们之间感人的故事引发了作者对自己和父亲之间关系的思考，让作者感叹父爱的伟大。
21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的儿子无法与人交流，但他坐在沙滩上似乎很满足。A. understand理解，明白；B. cmmunicate沟通，交流；C. breathe呼吸；D. survive生存。根据下文“having been in speech therapy (言语治疗) fr years, his sn culd nly make sme sunds”可知，他的儿子接受了多年的语言治疗后，只能发出一些声音，故此处指无法与人交流，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位父亲向我解释说，在接受了多年的语言治疗后，他的儿子只能发出一些声音，并且能够保持几秒钟的目光接触。A. aplgized道歉；B. prmised承诺；C. explained解释；D. suggested建议。结合句意可知，此处是父亲解释儿子不会与人交流的原因，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. maintain保持，维持；B. awaken（使）醒来，唤醒；C. track跟踪，追踪；D. remve去除。根据语境及空后“eye cntact fr a few secnds”可知，上文提到儿子不会与人交流，此处指经过多年的治疗后他能发出一些声音，保持几秒眼神交流。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，他很高兴见证了这一成就，看到多年的努力得到了回报，他感到非常高兴。A. requirement要求；B. entertainment娱乐；C. appintment约会；D. achievement成就。上文提到儿子经过言语治疗后能发出声音和保持几秒眼神交流，父亲对治疗的这一成就感到高兴，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. put ff推迟；B. break ff折断，中止；C. pay ff得到回报，取得成功；D. set ff出发，启程。根据“hw delighted he was”以及“what a pleasure it was”可知，父亲非常高兴，认为多年的努力得到了回报，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲和儿子联系在一起，那几秒钟的眼神交流对父亲来说意味着整个世界！A. extended延伸，扩展；B. marched行进；C. reflected反射，反思；D. cnnected连接。根据“thse few secnds f eye cntact meant the wrld t that dad”可知，父子之间几秒钟的眼神交流对父亲来书意义重大，因为在这几秒父子之间紧紧相连，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位父亲还告诉我，他对儿子的目标是有一天能一起去吃冰淇淋。A. gal目标；B. cncern关心，担心； C. decisin决定；D. slutin解决办法。根据语境及空后“t smeday be able t g fr ice cream tgether”可知，目前儿子仅仅能发出一些声音和维持几秒的眼神交流，故此处是描述未来的一个目标，有一天能和儿子一起去吃冰淇淋，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，儿子不再把手指放在沙子里，看着他的父亲说：“嗨！”A. began开始；B. stpped停止；C. regretted遗憾；D. cntinued继续。文章首句“but he seemed cntent sitting in the sand.”提到儿子满足地坐在沙滩上，结合下文“lked at his father and said “hi””可知，儿子应是停止玩沙子，看着父亲说了一声“嗨”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，男孩回到了自己的世界。A. apartment公寓；B. family家庭；C. jurney旅程；D. wrld世界。结合语境及“went back”可知，儿子说完又回到自己的世界里，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸想说点什么，但就是说不出来。A. frtunes财富，命运；B. effrts努力；C. wrds话语；D. chices选择。根据“The dad wanted t say smething”以及转折词but可知，父亲想说但没能说出话来，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他还是流下了眼泪，这表达了他对儿子的骄傲。A. prud骄傲的，自豪的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. tired累的； D. dubtful怀疑的。结合上文内容可知，儿子有言语障碍，父亲应是对儿子打招呼的这一举动感到自豪，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们对我来说是陌生人，但这件事深深地触动了我，让我思考我和我父亲的关系。A. defeated打败；B. prmted促进，推动；C. tuched触动，感动；D. frightened使恐惧。根据“made me cnsider my ____13____ with my wn father”可知，作者被陌生父子的故事打动，有所思考。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. partnership合作，伙伴关系；B. relatinship关系；C. membership会员；D. friendship友谊。根据“with my wn father”可知，此处指作者开始思考自己和父亲之间的关系，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望随着他们交流的深入，越来越多的记忆将被创造出来供他们分享。A. hnred尊重；B. rescued营救；C. imagined想象；D. created创造。根据“I hpe that as they cmmunicate further”可知，作者希望那对父子能更深入地交流，创造更多他们共有的回忆，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信所有了不起的父亲所拥有的感情——他们的辛勤工作、他们的爱、他们的骄傲和他们爱的眼泪——都是一样的。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. eye-catching引人注目的；C. wide-ranging内容广泛的；D. annying烦人的。根据上文陌生父子的故事以及下文“their hard wrk, their lve, their pride and their tears f lve(他们的努力、他们的爱、他们的骄傲和他们爱的眼泪)”可知，此处指所有了不起的父亲所拥有的感情都是一样的，故选A。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every festival has its different custms and unique charms. ____36____, n matter hw different they may seem, all ver the wrld, the spirit f sharing jy, gratitude, lve r peace is ____37____(abslute) cmmn in all festivals.
Of all the traditinal festivals, the harvest festival can ____38____ (find) in almst every culture. This imprtant agricultural festival takes place after all the crps have been gathered in. Peple celebrate in different ways ____39____ (shw) that they are grateful fr the year’s supply f fd. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather t admire the ____40____ (shine) mn and enjy delicius mncakes.
Custms play ____41____ significant rle in festivals, but smetimes they can change ver time. With the develpment f mdern sciety and the spread f new ideas, sme ____42____ (traditin) may fade away and thers may be established. One example is Hallween, ____43____slwly became an exciting festival fr children, in spite f its religius rigins.
Festivals are becming mre and mre ____44____ (cmmerce), with businesses taking advantage f the celebratins. S far, nline shpping websites and scial media apps _____45_____ (make) it much easier fr the public t spend mre n gifts fr their lved nes.
【答案】36. Hwever
37. abslutely
38. be fund
39. t shw
40. shining##shiny
41. a 42. traditins
43. which 44. cmmercial
45. have made
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了每个节日都有不同的习俗和独特的魅力。然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感激、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都是绝对共同的。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感激、爱或和平精神在所有节日中都是绝对共同的。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，有逗号隔开故用hwever。首字母要大写。故填Hwever。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感激、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都是绝对共同的。修饰cmmn应用副词abslutely，作状语。故填abslutely。
【38题详解】
考查语态。句意：在所有的传统节日中，收获节几乎可以在每一种文化中找到。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be fund。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们用不同的方式来庆祝，以表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激之情。分析句子结可知shw此处作目的状语应用不定式。故填t shw。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在中国的中秋节，家人聚在一起赏月，吃美味的月饼。修饰后文名词mn应用形容词shining/shiny。故填shining/shiny。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。结合句意表示“在……扮演着重要的角色”可知短语为play a significant rle in。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，而另一些传统可能会建立起来。traditin有sme修饰应用复数形式。故填traditins。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个例子是万圣节，尽管它起源于宗教，但它慢慢地成为孩子们兴奋的节日。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Hallween，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：节日变得越来越商业化，商家利用了庆祝活动。作表语，应用形容词cmmercial。故填cmmercial。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序使公众更容易花更多的钱为亲人买礼物。根据上文s far可知为现在完成时，主语为nline shpping websites and scial media apps，助动词用have。故填have made。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 在今年的心理健康日，你校举办了以“缓解压力”为主题的系列活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容；
3. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：心理健康日 Mental Health Day
Less Stress, Mre Happiness
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【答案】One pssible versin:
Less Stress, Mre Happiness
Fr the purpse f reducing stress, a series f activities were held n the schl playgrund n Mental Health Day this year.
Students frm three grades gt invlved in the activities actively. Amng these activities, a lecture given by a psychlgical prfessr prvided us with prfessinal guidance, which helped us understand hw t deal with stress in life and study. Besides, a debate n Stress, Mtivatin r Depressin was cnducted amng students.
These activities turned ut t be very successful. Nt nly did they help us develp a psitive attitude t stress, but they als helped us build strng wills.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。在今年的心理健康日，你校举办了以 “缓解压力” 为主题的系列活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hld→hst
压力：stress→pressure
目的：purpse→gal
此外：besides→in additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fr the purpse f reducing stress, a series f activities were held n the schl playgrund n Mental Health Day this year.
拓展句：A series f activities were held n the schl playgrund n Mental Health Day this year, whse purpse is t reduce stress.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Amng these activities, a lecture given by a psychlgical prfessr prvided us with prfessinal guidance, which helped us understand hw t deal with stress in life and study. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Nt nly did they help us develp a psitive attitude t stress, but they als helped us build strng wills. (运用了部分倒装)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On the last day f the Natinal Day hliday, Stephen, a frmer lifeguard, visited Santa Cruz, Tenerife. Walking dwn the sandy beach, he was bathed in the last rays f sunshine, enjying the warm sea air and the gentle wind. Nt far frm the shre, a grup f bys were playing water pl ball in the sea water. Getting a little clser, sn he realized that smething was wrng. The wave had pulled Jrdan, ne f them, int the sea when his mther went fr the bathrm. Stephen rushed ver withut hesitatin, dived int the water and swam quickly t the by. Peple standing n the shre waved wildly and screamed crazily fr help and smene called the lifeguards immediately.
The by had already been struggling fr several minutes when Stephen nticed the scene. He was sinking fast and it seemed as if he wuld be drwned. Just at that mment, Stephen reached the by and caught hld f him. He culd tell the by was still alive, but it was clear that he was almst lsing his breath.
Gritting ut teeth (咬紧牙关), Stephen held the by and swam tth and nail t the shre. Hwever, the flw was s rapid that it seemed like a tugh task fr him t make it. At that mment, a new fierce wave came, pushing them away frm the shre farther and farther, making it impssible fr Stephen t swim frward.
A sense f tiredness and fear engulfed (包围) him with his feet trembling hard t keep aflat (漂浮的). But he knew that if he gave up trying, he’d becme anther victim. Hlding Jrdan tightly, Stephen fught the waves t swim t the shre with his full strength, but the beach was t far away. Fighting the current and hlding the by abve the water quickly became tiring.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, a rescue bat caught Stephen’s eye.
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A few hurs had passed befre gd news came frm the hspital.
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【答案】One pssible versin:
Just then, a rescue bat caught Stephen’s eye. Seeing the bat cming t their rescue, Stephen regained his strength. He patted Jrdan’s face t wake him up and cntinuusly tld him t be strng. Quite sn, the bat arrived. With Stephen supprting Jrdan’s back, the lifeguards pulled Jrdan nt the bard right away. Then linking arms with ne f the lifeguards, Stephen was helped ut f water befre he was ut f energy. A few minutes later, they were back nt the shre. The by they had saved was taken t the hspital withut delay.
A few hurs had passed befre gd news came frm the hspital. Hearing Jrdan was in gd cnditin, Stephen sighed with great relief. The stne which had hung in Stephen’s heart finally drpped dwn. Then came Jrdan’s mther’s vice, “Had it nt been fr yur timely help, Jrdan wuld have died. Thank yu s much!”. A shining smile spread acrss Stephen’s face when he heard the wrds. “ I believe anyne wh culd swim wuld