译林版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习(专题训练)专题06阅读理解(说明文)【期末必刷20篇】(学生版+解析)

这是一份译林版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习(专题训练)专题06阅读理解(说明文)【期末必刷20篇】(学生版+解析)，文件包含译林版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习专题训练专题06阅读理解说明文期末必刷20篇教师版docx、译林版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习专题训练专题06阅读理解说明文期末必刷20篇学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-1" \h \u \l "_Tc13359" 1.（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）介绍了近年来汉服非常流行，并对其流行的原因进行了说明。 PAGEREF _Tc13359 \h 1
\l "_Tc22219" 2.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）主要探讨了青少年感到孤独的心理状态，以及在日本和韩国，独处已成为一种生活方式。尝试在独处中找到力量，可以使人感觉更好。 PAGEREF _Tc22219 \h 3
\l "_Tc8281" 3.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫Guilfrd的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilfrd得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。 PAGEREF _Tc8281 \h 4
\l "_Tc6846" 4.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）主要介绍了微笑的好处。 PAGEREF _Tc6846 \h 6
\l "_Tc9432" 5.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）主要介绍了中国的剪纸。 PAGEREF _Tc9432 \h 8
\l "_Tc24413" 6.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）讲述了中国正在讨论是否允许宠物乘坐高铁，这引发了网友的热烈讨论。中国铁路客户服务中心最近进行了一项调查，收集乘客对此话题的意见。 PAGEREF _Tc24413 \h 9
\l "_Tc5955" 7.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）介绍了企鹅这种动物，涉及到其生活地点，习性等。 PAGEREF _Tc5955 \h 11
\l "_Tc9058" 8.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）主要介绍了一项关于动物能否识别镜中自己的科学实验。 PAGEREF _Tc9058 \h 12
\l "_Tc25856" 9.（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）主要介绍了晒太阳有益身体健康的几个方面。 PAGEREF _Tc25856 \h 14
\l "_Tc10724" 10.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）介绍了中国传统扇子的文化和历史。 PAGEREF _Tc10724 \h 16
\l "_Tc19180" 11.（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）简要介绍了形成太平洋垃圾带形成的原因——微塑料。作者向读者介绍了微塑料的危害，号召大家少向海洋扔塑料垃圾。 PAGEREF _Tc19180 \h 17
\l "_Tc12776" 12.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）主要介绍了北京101中学为学生们提供的AI课程，随着技术的发展，信息教育、人工智能教育正在逐渐走进中小学生的课堂，人工智能教育将变得越来越重要。 PAGEREF _Tc12776 \h 19
\l "_Tc4908" 13.（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）讲述了关于机器人与食品科学结合的新发明。 PAGEREF _Tc4908 \h 20
\l "_Tc3943" 14.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）介绍发明万维网的英国发明家TimBernersLee． PAGEREF _Tc3943 \h 22
\l "_Tc21142" 15.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）介绍“为知识付钱”产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。 PAGEREF _Tc21142 \h 24
\l "_Tc22935" 16.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）文章主要介绍BMI技术应用于帮助瘫痪患者自己喝水，文章也介绍该技术的优势以及该技术仍在开发阶段。 PAGEREF _Tc22935 \h 25
\l "_Tc10838" 17.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）介绍了一个名叫The的机器人，它可以在郁金香田里工作，目的是寻找生病的郁金香，并杀死它们，以防止病毒在有价值的植物中传播。 PAGEREF _Tc10838 \h 27
\l "_Tc16514" 18.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）主要解释了为什么人们会有“文化冲击”以及如何应对。 PAGEREF _Tc16514 \h 29
\l "_Tc30646" 19.（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）关于成功意味着学习——还是证明你很聪明的这一话题进行了讨论。 PAGEREF _Tc30646 \h 30
\l "_Tc27682" 20.（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期末）讲述了塑料污染问题的严重性，及McCartney在缓解塑料污染问题上做出的努力，其中包括塑料被研究做成马路并可实现回收再利用。 PAGEREF _Tc27682 \h 32
1.（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）
Hanfu fashin has becme mre and mre ppular with yung peple. China has fllwed Western fashin designs in recent years, but a grwing number f yung peple are nw lking t the past fr fashin ideas.
If yu lk clsely arund yur city, yu might ntice hanfu, the traditinal clthing f the Han dynasty. In a recently published reprt by an nline shpping platfrm, abut 2 millin hanfu clthes were sld in 2020, nearly 4 times as many as thse sld in 2019. Mst f the buyers are between 19 and 24 years ld.
But why has this traditinal clthing becme ppular with yung Chinese peple? Fr sme f them, it’s a cstume fr relaxatin. Dafan, a 24-year-ld cllege student, tld CGTN that dressing in hanfu is a way fr her t get away frm the trubles f real life. Mdern clthing, n the ther hand, represents the identity (身份) peple need t shw every day. “Hanfu and mdern clthing help me t shw the different sides in me,” she said.
Other teenagers like hanfu because f the culture behind it. They see it as a way t recnnect (再连接) with traditins. Its wide sleeves, crssed cllars (领口) and flwing rbes (飘逸的长袍) bring peple back t ancient times.
“Hanfu is the symbl (象征) f the Chinese traditinal culture.” Nanhe, a 21-year-ld cstume studi wner, tld CGTN.
1．Hanfu appeared (出现) in China ________.
A．in 2018B．in Tang DynastyC．in 2019D．in Han dynasty
2．Accrding t the passage, abut ________ Hanfu clthes were sld in 2019.
A．600,000B．500,000C．2,000,000D．8,000,000
3．Wh likes t buy Hanfu best?
A．Students frm 4 t 15 years ld.B．Teenagers frm 13 t 19 years ld.
C．Adults between 30 and 50 years ld.D．Peple between 19 and 24 years ld.
4．The underlined phrase “wide sleeves” means ________.
A．宽大的衣袖B．鲜艳的色彩C．漂亮的丝带D．纤细的腰围
5．Which paragraph tells why Hanfu is ppular?
A．①②③B．②④⑤C．③④⑤D．①②⑤
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了近年来汉服非常流行，并对其流行的原因进行了说明。
1．细节理解题。根据“If yu lk clsely arund yur city, yu might ntice hanfu, the traditinal clthing f the Han dynasty.”可知，汉服是汉朝的传统服装，出现于汉朝。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“In a recently published reprt by an nline shpping platfrm, abut 2 millin hanfu clthes were sld in 2020, nearly 4 times as many as thse sld in 2019.”可知，2020年汉服销量约为200万件，是2019年销量的近4倍，2019年的销售量为50万。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Mst f the buyers are between 19 and 24 years ld.”可知，19岁到24岁的人最喜欢汉服。故选D。
4．词句猜测题。根据“Its wide sleeves, crssed cllars (领口) and flwing rbes (飘逸的长袍) bring peple back t ancient times.”可知，它宽大的袖子、交叉的领子和飘逸的长袍把人们带回到古代，wide sleeves意为“宽大的袖子”。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“But why has this traditinal clthing becme ppular with yung Chinese peple?”、“Other teenagers like hanfu because f the culture behind it.”和“‘Hanfu is the symbl (象征) f the Chinese traditinal culture.’”可知，文章的三、四、五段介绍了汉服受欢迎的原因。故选C。
2.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）
D yu smetimes feel left alne? Teenagers need t feel like they are members f a grup. Just having t eat alne in the dining hall is enugh t make them feel wrried. They are afraid f being called a “lner (独来独往的人)”.
But being a lner desn’t always mean being strange r disliked. In fact, it has becme a lifestyle in many cuntries amng yung peple wh think abut being alne t be a part f everyday life.
In Suth Krea, there are a grwing number f peple wh describe themselves as “hnjk”. These peple eat alne, travel alne and enjy being by themselves.
In Japan, peple have had a strng lner culture ver the years. There are sl (单人的) cafes and sl KTVs. The restaurants fr sl diners are especially ppular. There are bards between tw seats in a line against the wall. Diners can’t see the faces f ther peple.
Knwing that yu are nt the nly lner may make yu feel better. But mre imprtantly, yu can try t find strength in yur alneness.
Alneness gives yu time t lk inside yurself r d ther things with full attentin. “It’s hard t feel lnely when yu’re trying t learn a new skill, practice a hbby r try ut a new diet,” wrte US lifestyle writer Adrienne Breaux.
1．Why dn’t sme teenagers want t be alne?
A．Because eating alne is bad fr their health.
B．Because they are wrried abut being called a “lner”.
C．Because making friends can make them feel different.
D．Because they may nt feel safe when staying alne.
2．What des “hnjk” mean in Suth Krea?
A．A grup f peple being alne.B．Sl cafes and sl KTVs.
C．Peple wh are afraid f being alne.D．Teenagers wh like practicing hbbies tgether.
3．What des the writer mentin (提及) Suth Krea and Japan fr?
A．T explain being a lner has becme a lifestyle in many cuntries.
B．T shw teenagers are afraid f being called a “lner”.
C．T explain being a lner smetimes means being strange r disliked.
D．T shw alneness is gd fr us in sme ways.
4．Alneness can help us ________.
①take a lk at urselves ②devte urselves t ding things
③knw we are the nly lner ④try t becme strng
A．①②③B．①③④C．①②④D．②③④
5．The purpse f the passage is t________.
A．tell us the bad pints f being alneB．shw real lners in different cuntries
C．intrduce Asian cultures amng yuthD．help peple lk at alneness in a gd way
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文主要探讨了青少年感到孤独的心理状态，以及在日本和韩国，独处已成为一种生活方式。尝试在独处中找到力量，可以使人感觉更好。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just having t eat alne in the dining hall is enugh t make them feel wrried. They are afraid f being called a ‘lner’.”可知，仅仅是一个人在食堂吃饭就足以让他们感到担心。他们害怕被称为“孤独者”。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段 “In Suth Krea, there are a grwing number f peple wh describe themselves as ‘hnjk’. These peple eat alne, travel alne and enjy being by themselves.”可知，在韩国，越来越多的人称自己为‘hnjk’”。这些人独自吃饭，独自旅行，享受独处。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, it has becme a lifestyle in many cuntries amng yung peple wh think abut being alne t be a part f everyday life.”可知，在许多国家，独处已经成为年轻人的一种生活方式，他们认为独处是日常生活的一部分。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But mre imprtantly, yu can try t find strength in yur alneness.”和最后一段“Alneness gives yu time t lk inside yurself r d ther things with full attentin.”可知，在孤独中可以找到力量，独处让你有时间审视自己的内心，或者全神贯注地做其他事情。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要探讨了青少年感到孤独的心理状态，以及在日本和韩国，独处已成为一种生活方式。尝试在独处中找到力量，可以使人感觉更好。故选D。
3.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）
Peple think differently, but hw des this happen? T find ut the answer, Dr. Guilfrd, a famus psychlgist, carried ut a study n creativity (创造力) in the 1970s, knwn at The Nine-Dt Puzzle (九点谜题).
In the research, Guilfrd asked participatrs (参与者) t cnnect all nine dts with at mst fur straight lines, withut lifting pencils frm the paper. As a result, nly 20% managed t slve the puzzle. The fllwing survey shwed that all failed participatrs had lked fr ways in the virtual (虚拟的) bx, which is frmed with virtual lines. But the winners culd break ut f the virtual bx and cntinued their lines in the pen space arund the dts. The results f Guilfrd’s research led him t an idea: creativity needs yu t g utside the bx.
The idea was widely spread sn. Overnight, it seemed that there were creativity experts everywhere, teaching peple hw t think utside the bx. The idea was s ppular that n ne thught f checking the facts until tw different research teams, did anther study.
T check if Guilfrd’s idea is crrect, the participatrs were divided (分) int tw grups. The first grup was given the same instructins as thse in Guilfrd’s study. The secnd grup was tld they culd draw utside the virtual bx. Mst peple think that at least 60% f the secnd grup culd slve the puzzle easily. Guess what? Less than 25% slved the puzzle. It was nearly the same as the result f Guilfrd’s study. The result made everyne surprised, but it was the truth.
Let’s lk mre clsely at the surprising result. Slving this prblem needs peple t think utside the bx. Hwever, direct and clear instructins —“think utside the bx” did nt help participatrs slve the puzzle mre easily. In sme ways, the idea that thinking utside the bx makes peple mre creative can be imprper.
1．Which f the fllwing can slve The Nine-Dt Puzzle?
A．B．C．D．
2．Mst peple thught that in Guilfrd’s study, mre participatrs wuld slve the puzzle if ________.
A．they culd find ut the imagined bx mre quickly
B．they were given sme mre time t cmplete the puzzle
C．they were tld t draw the lines utside the imagined bx
D．they culd discuss the ways tgether with ther participatrs
3．Which part f the article explains Burnham with Davis and Alba with Rbert’s study and their findings?
A．Paragraph 2.B．Paragraph 3.C．Paragraph 4.D．Paragraph 5.
4．Which is the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
5．The passage prbably tells us that ________.
A．the ppular ideas amng mst peple are true
B．the “facts” accepted by many peple may nt be facts
C．being gd at ging utside the bx means creativity
D．practising slving puzzles des help t think differently
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫Guilfrd的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilfrd得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。
1．推理判断题。根据“In the research, Guilfrd asked participatrs (参与者) t cnnect all nine dts with at mst fur straight lines, withut lifting pencils frm the paper. As a result, nly 20% managed t slve the puzzle.”可知，要求参与者在不从纸上拿起铅笔的情况下，用最多四条直线连接所有九个点，结合选项，图D符合。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“The secnd grup was tld they culd draw utside the virtual bx. Mst peple think that at least 60% f the secnd grup culd slve the puzzle easily.”可知，人们预期如果参与者被告知可以在想象的边界之外画线，会有更多人解决这个谜题，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段结尾“The idea was s ppular that n ne thught f checking the facts until tw different research teams, did anther study.这个想法太受欢迎了，以至于没有人想到去核实事实，直到两个不同的研究团队做了另一项研究”以及第四段开头“T check if Guilfrd’s idea is crrect, the participatrs were divided (分) int tw grups.为了验证吉尔福德的想法是否正确，参与者被分成两组”可知，第四段解释他们的研究和发现，故选C。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题，第二段到第五段详细地讨论了“超越框架思维”的传播，研究以及意外发现，并对其进行反思，得出结论。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。文章讨论了广泛认为的“超越框架思维”提升创造力的观点，并指出这一观点在解决九点谜题时并没有带来更好的问题解决能力。最后得出结论，广为接受的观点并不总是正确的，故选B。
4.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）
A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he is pleased with a grade n a test. Or a persn might smile if a friend tells a funny jke. Peple smile fr many different reasns. But smiles are mre than just a way fr peple t shw that they are happy. There are ther gd reasns t smile ften.
First, it is easier t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles (肌肉) t smile. But it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur face a rest and smile!
Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes.
Hwever, there is a famus saying: ______. That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t be arund smene wh is unhappy all the time.
Third, smiles are helpful. Bth smiling and laughing can quickly spread frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend (倾向) t laugh with him. If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up. Usually nbdy wuld like t turn dwn the invitatin which is ffered by a persn with a smile.
Finally, smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy. Even if yu are mad r sad, try smiling. Yu’ll find that it will be hard t stay mad r sad fr very lng.
1．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 3?
A．If yu smile at life, life will smile at yu.
B．A smile is the best thing a persn can wear.
C．Smile is the mst beautiful language in the wrld.
D．Life withut smiles is like a spring withut flwers.
2．What d the underlined wrds “turn dwn” in Paragraph 4 mean mst pssibly?
A．acceptB．discussC．refuseD．share
3．What can we learn frm the text?
A．It takes peple mre muscles t shw happiness.
B．It is very gd fr peple’s bdies t smile and laugh.
C．Everyne wants t be arund smene wh is unhappy.
D．If smene smiles, peple arund him dn’t want t smile.
4．What can be the best title fr this text?
A．The pwer f smiling.B．The imprtance f happiness.
C．Different ways f smiling.D．Ways f making peple happy.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了微笑的好处。
1．推理判断题。根据“Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes.”以及“That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy.”可知，拥有微笑比穿漂亮的衣服更容易让人接近，因此B选项“微笑是一个人能拥有的最好的东西。”符合语境。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Third, smiles are helpful.”以及“Usually nbdy wuld like t turn dwn the invitatin which is ffered by a persn with a smile.”可知，通常没有人会拒绝一个面带微笑的人发出的邀请。因此划线单词的意思是“拒绝”，与refuse同义。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Finally, smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy.”可知，微笑和大笑对人的身体非常好。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了微笑的好处。因此文章的标题是“微笑的力量”。故选A。
5.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）
Chinese paper cutting, r jianzhi, has been practiced fr thusands f years. T this day, it is still a ppular frm f art acrss the cuntry.
The art frm is said t g back t the Han Dynasty. During that time, paper was very expensive. It was used mainly fr writing and making imprtant dcuments (文件). During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese peple started using paper fr artistic expressin. Paper cutting became ppular.
Chinese paper cutting invlves (包含) the use f scissrs r a knife t cut designs ut f paper. Cmmn (常见的) themes include animals, plants and traditinal Chinese symbls. Paper cuttings with the characters fu, shu and xi are ften seen as well.
In the past, paper cuttings were usually used as decratins fr festivals. Tday, red paper cuttings f the zdiac animals (生肖动物) are still cmmn sights during Chinese New Year. These paper cuttings are put up n windws and drs and the practice is believed t bring gd luck.
Making a paper cutting takes several steps. First, the artist chses a design and draws it n a piece f paper. Then, the artist carefully cuts ut the design. As the last step, the finished paper cutting is pasted (贴) n a dr, windw r wall.
Chinese paper cutting has becme mre than just a traditinal art frm. It is als a symbl f Chinese culture. In recent years, Chinese paper cutting has been enjyed by peple all ver the wrld. It is used nt nly fr decrative purpses, but als in fashin, design, advertising and mre areas.
Chinese paper cutting is a fragile (脆弱的) art frm. Frtunately (幸好), sme peple are trying t keep this traditin alive. They want t make sure that it will be passed dwn t many mre generatins (代).
1．When did Chinese paper cutting becme ppular?
A．In recent years.B．In the Han Dynasty.
C．In the Tang Dynasty.D．Abut hundreds f years ag.
2．What des the underlined wrd “characters” mean accrding t the passage?
A．汉字B．人物C．特点D．角色
3．Which f the fllwing is the RIGHT rder f making a paper cutting accrding t the passage?
①Cut ut the design carefully.
②Chse a design that yu like.
③Paste the cutting n a dr, windw r wall.
④Draw the design n a piece f paper.
A．①②③④B．④②①③C．②④①③D．②④③①
4．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The histry f Chinese paper cutting is shrt.
B．Chinese paper cutting will disappear very sn.
C．Chinese paper cutting is nly used as decratins.
D．Chinese paper cutting is becming mre ppular arund the wrld.
5．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Chinese New YearB．Chinese Paper Cutting
C．An Art FestivalD．Mdern Culture
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的剪纸。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese peple started using paper fr artistic expressin. Paper cutting became ppular.”可知，剪纸在唐朝流行起来，故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“fu, shu and xi are ften seen as well”可知，此句是说剪纸上的“福”、“寿”、“喜”等字也经常出现。所以“characters”的意思是“汉字”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“First, the artist chses a design and draws it n a piece f paper.”，“Then, the artist carefully cuts ut the design.”和“As the last step, the finished paper cutting is pasted (贴) n a dr, windw r wall.”可知，制作剪纸的步骤是这样的。首先，选择一个设计，并把它画在一张纸上。然后，仔细地剪出图案。最后，将完成的剪纸粘贴在门、窗或墙上。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In recent years, Chinese paper cutting has been enjyed by peple all ver the wrld.”可知，中国剪纸在世界上越来越受欢迎，故选D。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国的剪纸，故选B。
6.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）
A survey f peple’s pinins n allwing pets t ride n China’s high-speed trains has led t a lively discussin nline, with sme agreeing it wuld greatly encurage pet wners and thers t pay attentin t hygiene (卫生) and practicality (实用性).
Althugh pets are nt allwed n high-speed trains, the railway wrker has begun lking fr the pssibility f allwing small pets t travel under certain cnditins.
The China Railway Custmer Service Center recently made a survey t cllect passengers’ (乘客) pinins n the tpic. Passengers can answer 15 questins f the tpic f “Pet Travel n High-Speed Trains”. The questins cver the necessity (必要性) f pet transprtatin (运输) by high-speed train, the types f pets t be transprted, the frequency and price f such services, prtective ways and suggestins frm peple wh d nt wn pets.
“In recent years, we have received a number f questins frm passengers fr the pssibility f pet transprtatin n high-speed trains,” the center said in a statement.
“Based n feedback (反馈) frm the survey, we will further lk fr the pssibility f high-speed pet transprtatin. We welcme suggestins and pinins frm the public.”
Sme netizens (网友) supprt the idea f allwing pets t ride n high-speed trains, mentining the cnvenience (方便) it wuld ffer t pet wners.
With the cntinuus develpment f the railway netwrk, rail travel has becme mre and mre ppular in China. Accrding t China State Railway Grup, there were 3.68 billin trips made last year.
As the need fr pet-friendly travel chices grws and discussins arund pet rules n high-speed trains cntinue, there is hpe that a balanced slutin (解决方法) can be fund that satisfies (使满意) bth pet wners and ther passengers.
1．What is the main tpic f discussin accrding t the passage?
A．The benefits (好处) f allwing pets n high-speed trains.
B．Whether pets shuld be allwed n high-speed trains.
C．The disadvantages (缺点) f allwing pets n high-speed trains.
D．Care abut hygiene and practicality if pets are allwed.
2．Which f the fllwing is NOT included in the questins that passengers answer?
A．The fd that pets need during the jurney.
B．Which kinds f pets shuld be allwed n trains.
C．Advice frm passengers wh are nt pet wners.
D．Hw ften and at what price such services are prvided.
3．What des the center plan t d with the feedback frm the survey?
A．Share the feedback and nt make any changes.
B．Stp receiving questins abut pet transprtatin.
C．Lk fr the pssibility f high-speed pet transprtatin.
D．Allw pet transprtatin n high-speed trains at nce.
4．Why d sme netizens supprt the idea f allwing pets t ride n high-speed trains?
A．Pets will enjy the wnderful travel experience.
B．Pet wners will save mney n pet transprtatin.
C．High-speed trains will be mre fun with pets n bard.
D．It will be easier fr pet wners t travel with their pets.
5．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．A slutin may be fund t satisfy different grups.
B．The discussins will end withut any changes being made,
C．The high-speed train service is nt thinking abut any changes.
D．Pet wners are nt allwed t travel with their pets.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国正在讨论是否允许宠物乘坐高铁，这引发了网友的热烈讨论。中国铁路客户服务中心最近进行了一项调查，收集乘客对此话题的意见。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讨论的是是否应该允许宠物乘坐高铁，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The questins cver the necessity (必要性) f pet transprtatin (运输) by high-speed train, the types f pets t be transprted, the frequency and price f such services, prtective ways and suggestins frm peple wh d nt wn pets.”可知，乘客需要回答的问题并未包括宠物在旅途中需要的食物，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Based n feedback (反馈) frm the survey, we will further lk fr the pssibility f high-speed pet transprtatin.”可知，中心计划根据调查反馈寻找高速宠物运输的可能性，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“Sme (网友) supprt the idea f allwing pets t ride n high-speed trains, mentining the cnvenience (方便) it wuld ffer t pet wners.”可知，一些网友支持允许宠物乘坐高铁的想法，因为这将为宠物主人提供便利，故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据“As the need fr pet-friendly travel chices grws and discussins arund pet rules n high-speed trains cntinue, there is hpe that a balanced slutin (解决方法) can be fund that satisfies (使满意) bth pet wners and ther passengers.”可知，我们可以推断出可能会找到一个能满足不同群体的解决方案，故选A。
7.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）
Shrt, fat and lking as if they were attending a frmal dinner dressed in a tuxed, penguins culd easily be mistaken fr peple frm a distance! There are 18 penguin types frm the smallest, the Little Blue at 40 cm t the Emperr Penguins at 120 cm. Only tw types—the Adelie and the Emperr penguin—live in the Antarctic.
Penguins are flightless birds fund in the suthern hemisphere. They are nt fund near the Nrth Ple. Penguins have shrt legs and when they want t mve fast, they slide n the ice n their stmachs. Penguins are used t the sea and the cld f the suthern ple. T keep the water ut f their bdy, they have ily, thickly-packed feathers that als help retain heat.
Penguins are excellent swimmers and this is where they use their wings. These birds use their wings t push themselves in the water and als take shrt flights, like hens, ut f the water t cme n t land. Their swims may last up t 15 minutes and they can reach speeds f 35 kilmetres per hur.
In late September, millins f penguins mve t their living grund t lay eggs. Each year the same pair f penguins mate. The female lays ne r tw eggs. Bth male and female penguins take care f the eggs. The eggs are stayed tightly with the feet under their sft stmachs.
After eight weeks, the chick cmes ut and sits n the parents feet, as the grund is still t cld fr its bttm! When the chicks are three weeks ld, they jin a crèche. These crèches are nt what yu think. A crèche here is a grup f penguins gathered tgether fr warmth. A crèche is made up f thusands f little chicks taken care f by a few adults.
1．Which kind f penguins live in the Antarctic?
A．The Little Blue.B．Gent Penguins.
C．Chinstrap Penguins.D．The Emperr Penguins.
2．The underlined wrd “retain” in Paragraph 2 means ________ .
A．recycleB．keepC．reduceD．prduce
3．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．We can find penguins near the Nrth Ple.
B．Only female penguins take care f the eggs.
C．Penguins have ily, thickly-packed feathers.
D．Penguins can reach speeds f 35 kilmetres per minute.
4．________ may like this passage best.
A．An animal-lverB．A vlunteerC．A guideD．A librarian
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了企鹅这种动物，涉及到其生活地点，习性等。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Only tw types—the Adelie and the Emperr penguin—live in the Antarctic.”可知，只有阿德利企鹅和帝王企鹅两种企鹅住在南极洲，故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“they have ily, thickly—packed feathers”可知，企鹅有油性的，密集排列的羽毛，这种羽毛可以保持热量，所以retain意为“保持”，与keep同义，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“they have ily, thickly—packed feathers”可知，企鹅有油性的，密集排列的羽毛，故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了关于企鹅的各种事情，是动物爱好者会喜欢的文章。故选A。
8.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）
The mirrr test is a way t test if an animal can recgnize (识别) itself. A mark is put n an animal, then the animal is allwed t lk in a mirrr (镜子). If the animal seems t ntice the mark, scientists believe the animal has recgnized itself (and knws that the mark shuldn’t be there).
The mirrr test is ften seen as a sign f hw smart an animal is. But sme scientists believe ________________. Rsters are a gd example. Scientists recently ran the mirrr test n rsters by putting a mark n the their wings. But when the rsters lked in a mirrr, they didn’t seem t ntice the mark. S the scientists needed a different way t test if the rsters culd recgnize themselves.
When there’s danger—like an eagle flying abve—rsters make lud nise t warn nearby chickens. But rsters nly make the nise if ther chickens can hear them. If they’re alne, they keep quiet s the eagle wn’t see them.
The scientists realized that they culd use the shadw f an eagle t test if the rsters thught they were alne—even when they culd see “anther” chicken in a mirrr. First, the scientists let the rsters spend time getting used t being in a space with a mirrr arund. Then, they ran several tests by making an eagle shadw appear abve the bird. When there was n mirrr, the rsters acted as usual. They called ut when they were near anther rster, but kept quiet when they were alne. But when a rster was in a space where it culd see itself in the mirrr, it kept silent when it saw the eagle shadw. It did this even if there was a rster hidden behind the mirrr.
The scientists say the results shw that the rsters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirrr, nt ther rsters. Maybe sme animals are cleverer than peple thught.
1．What can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2?
A．the mirrr test desn’t wrk well fr all animals
B．nly sme big animals can pass the mirrr test
C．the mirrr test is the best way t test animals
D．it is hard wrk t run tests n all the animals
2．Accrding t Paragraph 3, a rster will ________ when it is alne seeing an eagle.
A．hide behind the mirrrB．make lud nise
C．g fr ther rstersD．keep quiet
3．Why des the writer use qutatin marks fr “anther” in Paragraph 4?
A．T tell us hw clever a rster can be.
B．T tell us that rsters like t live alne.
C．T shw it’s the rster itself in the mirrr.
D．T shw rsters act differently with thers arund.
4．We can learn abut the rsters that ________.
A．they are in fact nt as clever as we thught
B．they make lud nise t keep thers frm danger
C．they usually hide behind the mirrr when eagles cme
D．they can’t recgnize themselves with marks n their bdies
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于动物能否识别镜中自己的科学实验。
1．推理判断题。根据“The mirrr test is ften seen as a sign f hw smart an animal is”可知，此处提及了镜子测试通常被视为动物有多聪明的标志，结合But表示转折可知，说明空处句意与前句相反，选项A“镜子测试并不适用于所有动物。”符合语境。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“If they’re alne, they keep quiet s the eagle wn’t see them.”可知，公鸡在独自看见老鹰时会保持沉默。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“The scientists realized that they culd use the shadw f an eagle t test if the rsters thught they were alne—even when they culd see ‘anther’ chicken in a mirrr.”可知，他们可以利用鹰的影子来测试公鸡是否认为自己是独自一人——即使它们在镜子里看到“另一只”鸡，由此可知，此处用anther是为了表示镜子中只有公鸡自己。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“When there’s danger—like an eagle flying abve—rsters make lud nise t warn nearby chickens.”可知，当遇到危险时，公鸡会发出很大的声音来提醒附近的鸡。故选B。
9.（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）
Why d peple feel happier when the sun is ut? That is exactly the same questin I asked many years ag when I was sitting n a nice sunny beach. I remember thinking, “Oh, tmrrw I need t fly back t rainy Lndn. The terrible weather will make me unhappy.”
In fact, I did sme research int whether (是否) sunshine des make us happier. I fund that peple may feel a bit unhappier in winter because the sunlight is nt enugh in the seasn.
Sunlight causes yur bdy t prduce the sertnin (血清素). It can affect (影响) yur md and yur sleep. When yu’re in the sun yur bdy will make mre sertnin. It will make yu feel better and full f energy. Hwever, many peple wh wrk indrs may nt get enugh sunlight. This is why getting utside in the sunshine is a great way t imprve yur md.
Yur skin prduces Vitamin (维生素) D frm sunlight, and this is imprtant fr strng bnes and being healthy. Frm April t September, mst peple in the UK make enugh Vitamin D frm sunshine alne. In winter, hwever, yu wn’t get enugh frm sunshine. That is why the UK gvernment recmmends that everyne shuld try taking Vitamin D in autumn and winter.
Please remember that while sunlight are gd fr us in many ways, it’s als imprtant t be safe in the sun. This means wearing a hat and sunglasses, and aviding being in direct sunlight fr t lng. And never lk at the Sun directly—that’s very dangerus.
1．Hw did the writer start the passage?
A．By playing a game.B．By intrducing thers’ studies.
C．By shwing a picture.D．By sharing his wn experiences.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Why sunlight makes us happier.B．Why peple shuld wrk utdrs.
C．Hw sertnin affects peple’s md.D．Hw much sertnin can make us happier.
3．What des the UK gvernment recmmend?
A．Getting enugh utdr activities in winter.
B．Making yur skin prduce mre Vitamin D．
C．Taking sme Vitamin D in autumn and winter.
D．Saving mre sunlight frm April t September.
4．Which f the fllwing may the writer agree with?
A．Keeping away frm the sun.B．Wearing sunglasses all the time.
C．Keeping safe when enjying sunlight.D．Staying in the sun as lng as pssible.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了晒太阳有益身体健康的几个方面。
1．推理判断题。根据“That is exactly the same questin I asked many years ag when I was sitting n a nice sunny beach. I remember thinking, ‘Oh, tmrrw I need t fly back t rainy Lndn. The terrible weather will make me unhappy.’”可知，作者以分享自己在海边享受阳光的经历作为文章的开头。故选D。
2．段落大意题。根据“Sunlight causes yur bdy t prduce the sertnin. It can affect yur md and yur sleep阳光使你的身体产生血清素。它会影响你的情绪和睡眠”及“This is why getting utside in the sunshine is a great way t imprve yur md这就是为什么到户外晒晒太阳是改善情绪的好方法”可知，该段介绍了为什么阳光让我们更快乐的原因。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“That is why the UK gvernment recmmends that everyne shuld try taking Vitamin D in autumn and winter.”可知，英国政府建议每个人都应该尝试在秋冬服用维生素D。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“Please remember that while sunlight are gd fr us in many ways, it’s als imprtant t be safe in the sun.”可知，作者建议在享受阳光时也应注意安全。故选C。
10.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）
In summer, peple wave their fans t beat the heat. But the traditinal Chinese fan is nt just a tl fr cling dwn. It’s an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
The histry f the Chinese fan dates back t ver 3,000 years ag, arund the time f the Shang Dynasty. One f the earliest knwn “fans” were named shanhan (扇汗). They weren’t like the fans we see tday. These were tied t a hrse-drawn carriage (马车) t prevent the heat f the sun and shelter passengers frm the rain. The shanhan then develped int a lng-handled fan called the zhangshan (障扇). This type f fan was made f silk r bird feathers and was mainly used by the emperr’s hnr guard (仪仗队) fr decratin. It wasn’t until the Zhu Dynasty that peple started using flding fans t cl dwn.
During the Han Dynasty, the fan became ppular amng cmmn peple. This was because mre affrdable bamb fans had been invented. The ppularity f these fans cntinued until the Tang and Sng Dynasties. Arund the same time, a new type f silk fan was als intrduced. Lved by yung wmen, the silk fans were rund t resemble the mn. They were als called “rund fans,” r tuanshan. Later, this mn-shaped fan tk n many ther shapes.
The ribs (扇骨) f these silk rund fans were traditinally made frm bamb r animal bnes. The handles were usually decrated with different designs. The main “face” f the fan was ften hand-painted with calligraphy (书法) and scenes such as muntains r flwers. Flding fans were mainly made up f panels (扇面) and ribs. Fr the ribs, peple used different kinds f materials, including wd, bnes and bamb. The panels f the flding fan were usually made f paper, silk r ther materials. They frmed an empty space fr artists t use as a canvas (画布). Their calligraphy wrk and painted scenes added clr t the fans.
Frm the Sng Dynasty n, fan painting became an art frm f its wn. Wrks f art featuring birds and flwers were ppular amng yung wmen. Men, hwever, preferred fans decrated with calligraphy. Mythical (神话的) creatures were als ppular chices. Dragns were ften painted nt men’s fans while ladies usually preferred phenixes (凤凰).
1．When were fans used t beat the heat?
A．In the Tang Dynasty.B．In the Han Dynasty.
C．In the Zhu Dynasty.D．In the Sng Dynasty.
2．Why did fans becme ppular amng cmmn peple?
A．Because cheaper bamb fans were invented.
B．Because peple want t cl dwn in summer.
C．Because mre peple learned t make fans.
D．Because a new type f silk fan was invented.
3．What is the underlined wrd “resemble” in the third paragraph similar t?
A．cut utB．lk likeC．turn intD．make up
4．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统扇子的文化和历史。
1．细节理解题。根据“It wasn’t until the Zhu Dynasty that peple started using flding fans t cl dwn.”可知，在周朝人们才开始用折扇降温。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“This was because mre affrdable bamb fans had been invented.”可知，扇子在普通人中流行是因为人们发明了更实惠的竹扇。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Lved by yung wmen, the silk fans were rund t Lved by yung wmen, the silk fans were rund t resemble the mn. They were als called ‘rund fans,’ r tuanshan. ”可知，此处指扇子圆得像月亮，故推出resemble意为“类似，看起来”，与选项B“看起来像”意思相近。故选B。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是总段介绍了扇子的历史；第二、三段分别介绍了扇子的历史演变；第四、五段分别介绍了扇面绘画艺术。故选C。
11.（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an area in the cean which has a huge flating cllectin f plastic waste. It is lcated in the Nrth Pacific Ocean. Accrding t sme reprts, it is arund 1.6 millin square kilmeters in size. This is s big that it nw cvers an area f the cean similar t six times the size f the United Kingdm.
Mst f the plastic is nt large items like bttles r bards. A large percentage f the debris (碎片) is made up f “micrplastics” (smaller than 5 millimeters). These micrplastics are the tiny pieces f larger items that have been wrn dwn ver time. This can be caused by the sun, the waves and even by sea creatures (生物). Items d nt just stay flating n the water. Different types f plastics can flat just belw the water r even much lwer dwn int the cean. Larger items include fishing rpes and nets that have been lst r drpped at sea.
The largest attempt (尝试) in histry is nw being made t understand and deal with the prblem. Scientists have been cunting, weighing and separating every tiny item f plastic cllected. Larger items are easier t remve frm the cean than the tiny micrplastics. Hwever, if these larger items are nt remved, they may break dwn int smaller pieces.
This means it can stay in the envirnment fr hundreds f years, s every piece f plastic ever prduced is still there tday. It is als a danger t fish, birds and ther sea life because creatures mistake tiny plastics fr fd. The tiny micrplastics take in pllutants which make them pisnus (有毒的) t sea life. Sme larger plastics can als hurt creatures. The nets flating in the cean are knwn t catch sea life and make it impssible fr them t get away. Fish, sea turtles and dlphins are amng the creatures in great danger frm these “ghst nets”.
Of curse, the best slutin f all is fr us t try t reduce the plastic entering the ceans first. If we want t create less waste t reuse and recycle, then we can reduce the number f new plastics adding t this and ther garbage patches.
1．The writer talked abut the size f the garbage patch in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A．shw hw serius the prblem isB．guess where plastic waste can be fund
C．explain hw big the UK’s area isD．discuss hw the garbage patch frmed
2．The fllwing sentence wuld be best placed at the beginning f ________.
Plastic is cheap and quite easy t make, hwever, it is very lng-lasting.
A．Paragraph 2B．Paragraph 3C．Paragraph 4D．Paragraph 5
3．What can we learn abut micrplastics?
A．They are frm the sea.B．They are easier t clean up.
C．They are the fd t the birds.D．They are frmed ver time.
4．Why is plastic harmful t sea creatures?
A．Because larger plastics take their living area in the cean.
B．Because different types f plastics can get dwn int the cean.
C．Because peple try t create less waste by reusing and recycling.
D．Because sea creatures may die as they eat plluted micrplastics.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文简要介绍了形成太平洋垃圾带形成的原因——微塑料。作者向读者介绍了微塑料的危害，号召大家少向海洋扔塑料垃圾。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This is s big that it nw cvers an area f the cean similar t six times the size f the United Kingdm.”可知，作者在第一段中谈到了垃圾带的大小，以表明这个问题的严重性。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“This means it can stay in the envirnment fr hundreds f years, s every piece f plastic ever prduced is still there tday.”可知第四段提到塑料是可以在环境中停留数百年，强调了它的耐用持久性，所以改句可以置于第四段开头。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“These micrplastics are the tiny pieces f larger items that have been wrn dwn ver time.”可知，微塑料是随着时间的推移而形成的。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is als a danger t fish, birds and ther sea life because creatures mistake tiny plastics fr fd. The tiny micrplastics take in pllutants which make them pisnus t sea life.”可知，塑料对海洋生物有害是因为海洋生物吃了被污染的微塑料可能会死亡。故选D。
12.（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）
“Turn left! Turn right!” In the infrmatin technlgy (IT) class, Zhang Ruixuan was cntrlling a rbt t mve arund.
“This is part f ur artificial intelligence (AI) curses, ”said the 10th grader frm Beijing 101 Middle Schl. The schl prvides AI (人工智能) classics t bth junir and senir high schl students. Apart frm cmpulsry (必修的) curses that teach basic knwledge, there are als ptinal (选修的) curses if students want t learn mre.
“This year in ur cmpulsry class, we have learned cding (编程) thrugh a prgramming language called Pythn,” said Zhang. Using Pythn t cde is a basic skill fr training AI mdels. In recent years, Pythn has been tested in high schl graduatin exams (高中会考) in places like Beijing, Jiangsu and Anhui.
In fact, having AI educatin in schls has becme a grwing trend (趋势) in many places, ▲ . In 2020 Zhejiang added AI educatin int textbks frm Grade 5 in primary schl all the way t senir high. In the city f Wenzhu, the gvernment is planning t build 1,000 AI experimental schls by 2025.
“With the develpment f technlgy, ur textbks have been changing all the time,” said Shang Yin, an IT teacher frm Beijing 101 Middle Schl. “Frm typing t using Wrd and Excel, and then tday’s cding and AI, the curses are keeping up with the times and teaching students necessary skills.” In the future, there will be mre jbs where AI knwledge is needed. Even in daily life, peple may need t understand things like ChatGPT and the internet f things (物联网). AI educatin will becme increasingly imprtant, Shang added.
1．Hw did the writer start the passage?
A．By drawing a cnclusin (结论).B．By telling a stry.
C．By explaining the truth.D．By describing a scene.
2．Which f the fllwing can be put in ▲ ?
A．rbts is cming t classB．with Zhejiang prvince being a typical example
C．the curses starts t appear in high schlD．many students are learning abut AI nw
3．What d we knw abut the AI class at Beijing 101 Middle Schl?
A．It is an ptinal curse.B．It nly teaches basic knwledge.
C．It ften makes students feel stressed.D．It teaches students t cde with Pythn.
4．Why is AI educatin becming increasingly imprtant accrding t the passage?
A．Because understanding AI is becming an necessary skill
B．Because AI is included in all high schl graduatin exams.
C．Because AI is ging t take ver schl educatin.
D．Because AI is students’ pwerful cmpetitr.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京101中学为学生们提供的AI课程，随着技术的发展，信息教育、人工智能教育正在逐渐走进中小学生的课堂，人工智能教育将变得越来越重要。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Tum left! Tum right!’ In the infrmatin technlgy (IT) class, Zhang Ruixuan was cntrlling a rbt t mve arund.”可知，文章是通过描写张瑞轩同学在信息技术课上操控机器人转圈的场景开始的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2020 Zhejiang added AI educatin int textbks frm Grade 5 in primary schl all the way t senir high.”可知，2020年浙江将人工智能教育纳入小学五年级到高中的教科书。故此处说的是浙江省的例子。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据第三段“This year in ur cmpulsry class, we have learned cding thrugh a prgramming, language called Pythn.”可知，101中学教学生们用Pythn进行编程。故选D。
4． 推理判断题。根据第五段“Frm typing t using Wrd and Excel, and then tday’s cding and AI, the curses are keeping up with the times and necessary skills.”以及“In the future, there will be mre jbs where AI knwledge is required.”可知，因为AI将会成为人们必要的技能，所以AI课程变得越来越重要。故选A。
13.（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）
What wuld yu like fr lunch? Maybe, a battery (电池)? Althugh it sunds unusual, this has already been realized by scientists as they develp electrnic (电子的) things yu can eat.
Rbfd, led by Dari Flrean frm a Swiss Institute, has created a new drne (无人机) with scientists frm Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Half f the parts inside can be eaten! The prgram aims t (旨在) make rbts that can be eaten and fds that act like rbts by mixing fd science and rbts in a new way.
The drne’s wings are made frm rice cakes glued tgether with il and chclate. It can find missing peple r animals in emergencies (紧急情况) and send fd r medicine. Parts f the drne can be eaten because they meet fd safety standards fr emergencies set by the United Natins.
Hwever, the main challenge is finding strnger edible (可食用的) materials fr the drne’s wings t prepare fr bad weather and high temperatures—f curse, the chclate may melt (融化) easily.
Rbfd als develped an edible sensr (感应器) t help mnitr stmach sickness. It’s eaten by the patient t check the cnditins inside. It’s different frm ther sensrs because it’s easy fr yur bdy t digest (消化), s it wn’t leave any remains inside the bdy.
The inventin f Rbfd als helps with envirnmental prtectin. There are batteries that yu can fully eat. They are made frm natural things like Vitamin B2 and elements fund in fruits. This helps the envirnment because yu wn’t have t thrw them away like ther batteries.
1．What is Rbfd’s main gal?
A．T develp smart drnes.B．T create edible electrnic things.
C．T help check stmach disease.D．T put sensrs n drnes.
2．What prblem des Rbfd’s drne have?
A．The drne can easily lse its way during flying.
B．The drne cannt take ff in bad weather.
C．The materials are nt strng enugh.
D．The materials cannt easily melt.
3．Cmpared t ther sensrs fr checking the stmach, Rbfd’s sensrs ________.
A．can be easy t digestB．can check mre carefully
C．can stay in the human bdy lngerD．can be taken as medicine
4．Why is Rbfd’s battery gd fr nature?
A．It uses less pwer.B．It can be fully eaten.
C．It uses slar pwer.D．It is made frm fd waste.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文讲述了关于机器人与食品科学结合的新发明。
1．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“The prgram aims t (旨在) make rbts that can be eaten and fds that act like rbts by mixing fd science and rbts in a new way.”可知，Rbfd的主要目标是创造可食用的电子产品。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“Hwever, the main challenge is finding strnger edible (可食用的) materials fr the drne’s wings t prepare fr bad weather and high temperatures—f curse, the chclate may melt (融化) easily.”可知，Rbfd的无人机材料不够坚固。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“It’s different frm ther sensrs because it’s easy fr yur bdy t digest (消化), s it wn’t leave any remains inside the bdy.”可知，与其他的检查胃部的传感器相比，Rbfd的传感器容易消化。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“The inventin f Rbfd als helps with envirnmental prtectin. There are batteries that yu can fully eat.”可知，Rbfd的电池对大自然有益，因为它可以完全食用。故选B。
14.（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）
Tim Berners-Lee is nt the mst famus inventr in the wrld. Hwever, his inventin has changed
ur lives.
He was brn in Lndn, England in 1955. When he was a small by, Tim was interested in
playing with electrical things. He studied science at Oxfrd University. He made his first cmputer
frm an ld televisin at the age f 21.
Tim started wrking n early cmputers. At that time, they were much bigger than nw. He wrked in England then Switzerland. Tim was really interested in tw things, cmputers and hw the brain
wrks. Hw culd the brain cnnect s many facts s quickly? He had t wrk with peple all
ver the wrld. They shared infrmatin abut cmputers. It was hard t manage all the infrmatin. He answered the same questins again and again. tk a lt f time. It was even difficult fr cmputers in the same ffice in Switzerland t share infrmatin. Tim als frgt things easily. Culd a cmputer wrk like a brain? Culd it “talk” t ther cmputers?
There was an Internet already but it was difficult t use. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the Wrld Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped cmputers talk t each ther n the Internet. When peple wanted t share infrmatin with thers, they used the Wrld Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that.
Tim Berners-Lee desn’t think he did anything special. He says that all f the ideas abut the Internet were already there. All he did was t put them tgether. He says that many ther peple wrked tgether t make the Internet what it is tday.
Mst inventrs want t becme rich. But Tim gave away the Wrld Wide Web fr nthing. He nw wrks in America. He helps peple share technlgy and wants the Internet t be free fr everyne t use. Maybe he is the mst imprtant but least famus inventr in the wrld tday!
1．What was Tim Berners-Lee interested in?
A．Lking fr jbs in different cities.B．Talking t peple arund the wrld.
C．Studying hw t cnnect cmputers.D．Explring hw t imprve memry.
2．The underlined wrd “It” in Paragraph 3 refers t “__________”.
A．Wrking n early cmputersB．Cnnecting different facts tgether
C．Travelling t the ffice in SwitzerlandD．Repeating the answers t the same questins
3．Why is Tim Berners-Lee ne f the mst imprtant men in the wrld?
A．He made infrmatin sharing n the Internet pssible.
B．He made the first cmputer when he was 21 years ld.
C．He helped peple understand better hw the brain wrks.
D．He invented the Internet and made it free fr everyne t use.
4．In what rder did the fllwing events take place?
a. Tim wrked in England. b. Tim wrked in Switzerland. c. Tim made his first cmputer.
d. Tim invented the Wrld Wide Web. e. Tim studied science at Oxfrd University.
A．c – e – d – a - bB．e – b – a – c - dC．c – d – a – e - bD．e – c – a – b - d
5．What des the writer think f Tim Berners-Lee?
A．He is nt famus because he is nt rich.
B．He has changed ur lives and he is great.
C．He did nthing special but make peple a gd life.
D．He has made great achievements in memry research.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B
【分析】试题分析：主要介绍发明万维网的英国发明家TimBernersLee．他在21岁时制作了第一台电脑，1989年发明了万维网，有助于计算机在互联网上交流．他还免费把这个技术分享给其他人，免费供大家使用．也许他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家！
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句When he was a small by, Tim was interested inplaying with electrical things. 当他还是个小男孩的时候，提姆对玩电器很感兴趣．及第三段Tim was really interested in tw things, cmputers and hw the brain wrks. 可知，提姆真的对两件事感兴趣：电脑和大脑的运作方式．可知应该是"研究如何连接计算机。故选C。
2．D词义猜测题。根据上句He answered the same questins again and again．他一次又一次地解答了同样的问题．可知，"它是很难的在瑞士同一个办公室的计算机共享信息．"中的it针对的是"重复同一问题的答案"，故选D。
3．A细节理解题。根据最后一段He helps peple share technlgy and wants the Internet t be free fr everyne t use. Maybe he is the mst imprtant but least famus inventr in the wrld tday!他帮助人们分享技术，希望互联网可以免费供大家使用，也许他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家！可知，他是世界上最重要的人因为他使互联网上的信息共享成为可能。故选A。
4．D细节理解题。根据a提姆在英国工作．b提姆在瑞士工作．c提姆制作了他的第一台计算机．d提姆发明了万维网;e提姆在牛津大学学习科学．根据第二段第三句He studied science at Oxfrd University．他在牛津大学学习科学．可知，e是第一．根据第二段最后一句He made his first cmputer
frm an ld televisin at the age f 21.他21岁时从一台旧电视机上制造了他的第一台电脑．可知c是第二．根据第三段第三句He wrked in England then Switzerland．他当时在英国工作，然后在瑞士工作．可知，a是第三．b是第四．最后发明了万维网，d是第五．先后顺序是e﹣c﹣a﹣b﹣d，故选D。
5．B推理判断题。根据最后一段ButTimgaveawaytheWrldWideWebfrnthing. "大多数发明家都想致富，但提姆无偿赠送了万维网，他现在在美国工作，他帮助人们分享技术，希望互联网免费供大家使用，也许他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家！"，可知，他改变了我们的生活，他是伟大的．故选B。
考点：人物类短文阅读。
15.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）
Have yu ever paid fr educatinal pdcasts (播客) r live vides? Ask sme peple and mst f them will say yes. “Pay-fr-knwledge” has been mre and mre fashinable these years. The cntents f these “pay-fr-knwledge” prducts are frm language learning t gardening r baby-caring. Almst everything yu need can be fund nline at this mment. “Pay-fr-knwledge” is n the rise (兴起).
Why is “pay-fr-knwledge” industry develping s rapidly? First, its develpment is based n the Internet. With a fast netwrk and a smartphne, anyne wh has passed the identity (身份) check can be an nline teacher, and anyne with an nline accunt can buy “pay-fr-knwledge” prducts. Secnd, peple are afraid t miss any infrmatin. On ne hand, peple hpe fr mre useful infrmatin. On the ther hand, such infrmatin is usually at the hands f experts wh serve famus cmpanies and universities. Mrever, the need t learn new skills in tday’s jb market als pushes peple t learn n such educatinal pdcasts.
The industry f “pay-fr-knwledge” has prved t be lucrative. It prmises pssibilities f turning infrmatin int mney. It is gd fr the develpment f ur cuntry and it can help sellers make lts f mney. Besides, buyers can enjy self-grwth frm it. What’s mre, this is a reflectin (反映) f respect fr knwledge and talents.
Hwever, the rapid rise f “pay-fr-knwledge” has a few prblems. Fr ne thing, the market is full f eye-catching wrds such as “Hw t be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hurs” and “15 Classes t Be a Master f Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sund like if yu pay fr it, yu are sure t succeed. Fr anther, a large number f custmers buy them just fr shwing ff. In fact, thse wh have really had self-grwth after buying nline curses may be the kind f peple wh need them least. In ther wrds, with r withut these curses, they can make it anyway, because they are thse wh have the ability t learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the ne that suits yu mst. “Pay-fr-knwledge” may be used as a gd start fr self-grwth. Be careful! Otherwise, yur dream f success may nt cme true.
1．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．“Pay-fr-knwledge” prducts can help all the peple succeed.
B．“Pay-fr-knwledge” prducts can ffer peple different kinds f curses.
C．Peple wh can teach themselves need “pay-fr-knwledge” prducts mst.
D．Peple must learn frm experts wh serve famus cmpanies and universities.
2．Which is NOT the reasn fr “pay-fr-knwledge” industry develping s rapidly?
A．The fast netwrk and smartphne make it pssible fr peple t get.
B．Peple are afraid t miss any useful infrmatin.
C．Peple need t learn new skills in tday’s jb market.
D．Peple have t pay fr educatinal pdcasts r live vides.
3．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．prduce lts f mneyB．get much infrmatin
C．win great respectD．enjy self-grwth
4．The main purpse f this passage is t ________.
A．recmmend the “pay-fr-knwledge” prducts t peple
B．advise everyne t learn knwledge by themselves nline
C．remind peple t chse “pay-fr-knwledge” prducts wisely
D．teach parents hw t buy sme nline curses fr their children
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文介绍“为知识付钱”产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。
1．推理判断题。根据“The cntents f these ‘pay-fr-knwledge’ prducts are frm language learning t gardening r baby-caring. Almst everything yu need can be fund nline at this mment.”可推出“知识付费”产品可以为人们提供不同种类的课程。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Why is ‘pay-fr-knwledge’ industry develping s rapidly? First, its develpment is based n the Internet. ... Secnd, peple are afraid t miss any infrmatin. ... Mrever, the need t learn new skills in tday’s jb market als pushes peple t learn n such educatinal pdcasts.”可知A、B、C三项都是“知识付费”产业发展快的原因，但D项不是。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据“It prmises pssibilities f turning infrmatin int mney.”可知，此处表示“获利的，赚钱的”，be lucrative相当于prduce lts f mney。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“In general, the best is the ne that suits yu mst. ‘Pay-fr-knwledge’ may be used as a gd start fr self-grwth. Be careful!”可知，文章的主要目的是提醒人们要理智地选择适合自己的产品。故选C。
16.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）
It might sund like magic, but in February, a paralyzed (瘫痪的) patient was able t drink water n his wn by cntrlling a special glve with his brain. The glve then acted as his hand.
This was a success in brain-machine interface (BMI, 脑机接口) technlgy made by a team f Chinese scientists and dctrs.
BMI refers t creating a cnnectin between the human brain and external devices (外部设备), making cmmunicatin between the brain and cmputers. Fr paralyzed peple, BMI can allw them t mve and d simple things by themselves.
On Oct 24, 2023, the team put a BMI chip (芯片) in the patient’s head. The chip can receive neural signals (神经信号) frm the brain.
After three mnths f hme recvery training, the patient can nw use his brain signals t cntrl a special glve pwered by air pressure. This helps him d things like drinking water n his wn.
BMI technlgy usually means putting chips directly nt the patient’s brain. Hwever, this prject is minimally invasive (微创的), making sure the patient’s brain is nt harmed. S it is an imprtant achievement. It als uses a wireless pwer supply (无线电源), s the implanted (植入的) device desn’t need a battery.
Li Yuanning frm ShanghaiTech University tld CCTV News that BMI is nw mainly used in the medical field t imprve the lives f peple with brain-related prblems r speech difficulties.
In China, BMI technlgy is still in the early stages f research, with n prducts n the market yet. Sme peple are wrried that tests may influence patients’ independence (独立) and even wh they are. Ethical cncerns (伦理问题) related t BMI als need t be sled. These include whether the patient has a clear understanding f what is ging n when they agree t take part in the test.
1．What is China’s recent success in BMI?
A．A BMI chip was successfully put int a patient’s brain.
B．BMI helped a paralyzed patient drink water n his wn.
C．A paralyzed patient can mve freely with a BMI chip.
D．A paralyzed patient can cmmunicate with cmputers.
2．What is the external device in the recent experiment?
A．A BMI chip.B．A neural signal.C．The brain.D．An air pressure-pwered glve.
3．What is the advantage f the new BMI technlgy?
A．It desn’t harm patients’ brains.B．It desn’t need any pwer.
C．It understands patients’ needs crrectly.D．It helps peple imprve their speech skills.
4．What d we knw frm the last paragraph?
A．Many peple are against BMI technlgy.
B．The tests f BMI are at high risk f failure.
C．BMI technlgy is still under develpment.
D．BMI technlgy is widely used in the medical field.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍BMI技术应用于帮助瘫痪患者自己喝水，文章也介绍该技术的优势以及该技术仍在开发阶段。
1．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“It might sund like magic, but in February, a paralyzed (瘫痪的) patient was able t drink water n his wn by cntrlling a special glve with his brain. The glve then acted as his hand.”以及“This was a success in brain-machine interface (BMI, 脑机接口) technlgy made by a team f Chinese scientists and dctrs.”可知，中国最近在BMI方面取得的成功是BMI技术应用于帮助瘫痪患者自己喝水。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“... but in February, a paralyzed (瘫痪的) patient was able t drink water n his wn by cntrlling a special glve with his brain. The glve then acted as his hand.”可知，最近的实验中外部设备是一种特殊的手套。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文中的句子“Hwever, this prject is minimally invasive (微创的), making sure the patient’s brain is nt harmed.”可知，BMI新技术的优点是它不会伤害病人的大脑。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文中的句子“In China, BMI technlgy is still in the early stages f research, with n prducts n the market yet.”可知，BMI技术仍在开发中。故选C。
17.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）
The wrks day and night in the tulip (郁金香) fields in the Netherlands, never saying he is tired. Hw is this pssible?
The is a rbt named after The van der Vrt, a farmer at the WAM Pennings farm. His jb is t search fr sick tulips and, when necessary, kill trubled nes t prevent the virus (病毒) frm spreading amng the plants. The wrk is imprtant, especially in spring, when peple frm arund the wrld cme t see the clrful flwers.
There are 45 rbts like The wrking in the tulip fields f the Netherlands. They walk in the fields very slwly, abut ne kilmeter per hur, lking fr sick tulips. The rbts have cameras in the frnt and take thusands f phts f the tulips. An AI mdel checks the phts carefully and decides which tulips need t be killed.
In the past, this wrk was dne by humans. Allan Visser’s family has been grwing tulips fr three generatins, and this is the secnd grwing seasn that Visser has used the rbt. He said it is cstly—the same as a sprts car—abut $200,000. “But I like t have the rbt better,” Allan said. “Yeah, it is expensive, but there are fewer and fewer peple wh can really see the sick tulips.”
H2L Rbtics is a cmpany that makes the rbts. Erik de Jng is the cmpany’s managing directr. “With the help f AI, they can lcate (确定……的位置) the flwers that need t be taken ff. But as fr ‘the heart f the rbt’,” he said, “It was the knwledge frm farmers like The van der Vrt that they put int the AI mdel. Cmbined (结合) the knwledge f experienced tulip farmers with the AI technlgy, they can finally make efficient (高效的) rbts.”
1．Why d farmers use The?
A．T help them water tulips.B．T keep tulip fields healthy.
C．T recrd the grwth f tulips.D．T guide turists t see tulips.
2．What des Allan Visser think f the rbt?
A．It is very helpful.B．It csts less than a sprts car.
C．It needs t be further imprved.D．It is used by mst farmers nw.
3．What can be inferred (推断) frm Erik de Jng’s wrd?
A．Technlgy is useful fr farmers in raising their skills.
B．The van der Vrt gets little help frm AI technlgy.
C．Farmers’ knwledge is key t the develpment f rbts.
D．The rbts will lead t n tulip farmers in the near future.
4．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T describe an amazing experience.B．T intrduce a new AI technlgy.
C．T advise peple hw t prtect tulips.D．T explain hw t plant sme tulips.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个名叫The的机器人，它可以在郁金香田里工作，目的是寻找生病的郁金香，并杀死它们，以防止病毒在有价值的植物中传播。
1．细节理解题。根据“His jb is t search fr sick tulips and, when necessary, kill trubled nes t prevent the virus (病毒) frm spreading amng the plants.”可知，The的工作是寻找生病的郁金香，必要时杀死生病的郁金香，以防止病毒在植物中传播，从而保持郁金香田里健康。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Yeah, it is expensive, but there are fewer and fewer peple wh can really see the sick tulips.”可知，他认为这个机器人是有用的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“It was the knwledge frm farmers like The van der Vrt that they put int the AI mdel. Cmbined (结合) the knwledge f experienced tulip farmers with the AI technlgy, they can finally make efficient (高效的) rbts.”可知，他们将像The van der Vrt这样的农民的知识应用到AI模型中。将经验丰富的郁金香种植者的知识与AI技术结合，他们最终可以制造出高效的机器人。由此可知，农民的知识是机器人发展的关键。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“The is a rbt named after The van der Vrt, a farmer at the WAM Pennings farm. His jb is t search fr sick tulips and, when necessary, kill trubled nes t prevent the virus (病毒) frm spreading amng the plants.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个可以寻找生病的郁金香，并杀死它们，以防止病毒在有价值的植物中传播的机器人，旨在介绍这一新的人工智能技术。故选B。
18.（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）
Mst peple wh mve t a freign cuntry may experience a perid f time when they feel very hmesick and have a lt f wrries. This feeling is ften called “culture shck (冲击). It is imprtant t understand it and learn what t d with it if yu want t adapt t yur new hme’s culture successfully.
Generally speaking, there are fur stages (阶段) that yu will experience after yu mve t a freign cuntry. The first stage is usually called the “excitement” stage. When arriving in a new envirnment, yu’ll be interested in the new culture. Everything will seem exciting and everyne will seem friendly.
But it wn’t be lng befre yu mve frm the “excitement” stage t the secnd stage. The excitement yu felt befre changes t wrries. It seems that everything is difficult. The language is hard t learn, friends are difficult t make, and even simple things like shpping have becme a difficult prblem. It is at this “stress” stage that yu may feel wrried and hmesick. This is the stage which is called “culture shck”.
Hwever, culture shck desn’t last fr very lng. If yu are ne f thse wh manage t get thrugh it, yu’ll mve t the “recvery” stage. At this stage, yu start t understand and accept the way things are dne and the way peple behave in yur new envirnment.
The last stage is the “hme” stage. This is the stage when yu start t feel at hme in the new culture. Yu start t learn frm yur new hme and t like sme ways f the new culture better.
Culture shck is cmmn. Everyne in a new situatin will g thrugh it. Cntinue t be brave! And getting thrugh culture shck will be a piece f cake.
1．Amng the fur stages, which stage can explain hw “culture shck” happen?
A．The recvery stage.B．The stress stage.
C．The excitement stage.D．The hme stage.
2．What des the underlined wrd “adapt” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．get usedB．grw upC．live upD．lk frward
3．Jane went t study in Germany fr the first time. What might she have gne thrugh? (Put the fllwing in the crrect rder accrding t the passage.)
① Jane culdn’t understand German very well in class.
② After half a year’s hard wrk, Jane had n language prblems.
③Everything in the cllege was s fresh.
④Jane enjyed spending gd time with her German friends.
A．①②③④B．③①②④C．②④③①D．③①④②
4．Which f the fllwing can shw the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文主要解释了为什么人们会有“文化冲击”以及如何应对。
1．细节理解题。根据“It is at this ‘stress’ stage that yu may feel wrried and hmesick. This is the stage which is called ‘culture shck’”可知“压力”阶段可以解释“文化冲击”是如何发生的，故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“It is imprtant t understand it and learn what t d with it if yu want t adapt t yur new hme’s culture successfully”可知，如果你想成功地适应新家的文化，了解它并学会如何处理它是很重要的，故划线单词表示“适应”，与get used“习惯”意思相近，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“The first stage is usually called the ‘excitement’ stage. When arriving in a new envirnment, yu’ll be interested in the new culture”可知，到达一个新的环境时会对新的文化感兴趣，对应③“大学里的一切都是那么新鲜”；根据“The excitement yu felt befre changes t wrries. It seems that everything is difficult”可知，之前的兴奋变成了担心。似乎一切都很困难，对应①“简在课堂上不能很好地理解德语”；根据“If yu are ne f thse wh manage t get thrugh it, yu’ll mve t the ‘recvery’ stage. At this stage, yu start t understand and accept the way things are dne and the way peple behave in yur new envirnment”可知，如果你是那些设法度过难关的人之一，你将进入“恢复”阶段。在这个阶段，你开始理解和接受新环境中做事的方式和人们的行为方式，对应②“经过半年的努力，简没有语言问题了”；根据“The last stage is the ‘hme’ start t learn frm yur new hme and t like sme ways f the new culture better”可知，最后一个阶段是“家”阶段。这是你开始在新文化中感到自在的阶段。你开始从你的新家学习，并更喜欢新文化的某些方面，对应④“简喜欢和她的德国朋友共度美好时光”，故选B。
4．篇章结构题。根据短文内容可知，第一段解释“文化冲击”现象，提出问题；第二至五段介绍“文化冲击”的四个阶段；第六段总结全文。可知C项结构正确，故选C。
19.（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）
IS SUCCESS ABOUT LEARNING—OR SHOWING YOU’RE SMART?
Benjamin nce said, “I dn’t divide (分) the wrld int the weak and the strng, r the successes and the failures. I divide the wrld int the learners and nnlearners.”
What wuld make smene a nnlearner? Everyne is brn with an intense drive (驱动力) t learn. Babies practise their skills daily, even the mst difficult tasks f a lifetime, like learning t walk and talk. They never think it’s t hard. Babies dn’t wrry abut making mistakes. They walk, they fall and they get up. They just mve frward.
What culd put an end t this kind f learning? The fixed mindset (固定的思维模式). As sn as children becme able t evaluate(评价) themselves, sme f them becme afraid f hard tasks. They becme afraid f nt being smart. I have studied thusands f students, and yu can’t believe hw many peple refuse a chance t learn.
We ffered fur-year-lds a chice (选择): They culd red an easy task r they culd try a harder ne. Even at this age, children with the fixed mindset—stuck with the safe ne. Children with the grwth mindset—the nes wh believed yu culd get smarter by learning—thught it was a strange chice. Why are yu asking me this? Why wuld anyne want t keep ding the same task ver and ver? They chse ne hard ne after anther. “I’m dying t slve them!” ne little girl said.
S children with the fixed mindset want t make sure they are successful. Smart peple shuld always be successful. But fr children with the grwth mindset, success is abut practising themselves. It’s abut learning t becme smarter.
One seventh-grade girl made a cnclusin.“I think being smart is smething yu have t wrk fr…it isn’t just given t yu… Mst kids, if they’re nt sure f an answer, will nt raise their hand t answer the questin. But what I usually d is t raise my hand, because if I’m wrng, then my mistake will be crrected. Just by ding that I’m imprving my ability.”
1．What des the writer want t tell by using the example f babies in Paragraph 2?
A．Walking and talking are very difficult.B．It’s easy fr babies t learn different skills.
C．Peple are brn with abilities t learn.D．Babies need t face many tasks every day.
2．Which f the fllwing is a fixed mindset accrding t the passage?
A．Being happy with his wn grwth.B．Wrking hard and being thirsty t learn.
C．Aviding shwing hw smart he is.D．Being afraid f facing different failures.
3．What des the girl mean by saying “I’m dying t slve them!”?
A．She can’t wait t give herself a task t practise.B．She thinks a healthy bdy can help learn better.
C．She believes it’s painful t slve the prblems.D．She desn’t find it difficult t finish these tasks.
4．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．Be a gd learner in babyhd.B．Stay active when facing difficulties.
C．Shw the imprtance f success.D．Make decisins and chices carefully.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文关于成功意味着学习——还是证明你很聪明的这一话题进行了讨论。
1．细节理解题。根据“Everyne is brn with an intense drive (驱动力) t learn.”可知，作者想通过这个例子来说明人天生就有学习的能力。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“What culd put an end t this kind f learning? The fixed mindset (固定的思维模式). As sn as children becme able t evaluate(评价) themselves, sme f them becme afraid f hard tasks. They becme afraid f nt being smart”什么可以终结这种学习方式？固定的思维模式。一旦孩子们能够自我评价，他们中的一些人就会害怕困难的任务。他们害怕自己不够聪明。可知，选项D“害怕面对不同的失败”属于固定的思维模式。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Children with the grwth mindset—the nes wh believed yu culd get smarter by learning—thught it was a strange chice. Why are yu asking me this? Why wuld anyne want t keep ding the same task ver and ver? They chse ne hard ne after anther. “I’m dying t slve them!” ne little girl said.”“具有成长型思维模式的孩子（他们相信通过学习可以变得更聪明）认为这是一个奇怪的选择。你为什么要问我这个问题？为什么有人想一遍又一遍地重复做同样的任务？他们选择了一个又一个难题。“我快要解开它们了！”一个小女孩说。可知，女孩这样说表明她迫不及待地想给自己一个练习的任务。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据“I think being smart is smething yu have t wrk fr…it isn’t just given t yu… Mst kids, if they’re nt sure f an answer, will nt raise their hand t answer the questin. But what I usually d is t raise my hand, because if I’m wrng, then my mistake will be crrected. Just by ding that I’m imprving my ability”我认为聪明是需要你努力才能做到的……聪明不是天生的……大多数孩子如果不确定答案，就不会举手回答问题。但我通常会举手，因为如果我错了，我的错误就会被纠正。只要这样做，我就在提高自己的能力。可知作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们面对困难时要保持积极主动。故选B。
20.（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期末）
We all knw there is a prblem with plastic pllutin. Five trillin（万亿）plastic bags are used every year. One millin plastic drinking bttles are bught every minute.
What if we culd use plastic waste t build rads? This is exactly what a cmpany has dne. McCartney’s cmpany built the wrld’s first plastic rad in Elgin twn, Sctland. The plastic waste was made int grains（颗粒）and then mixed with biturnen（沥青）. The rad lks just like any ther rad. But it has imprved strength and isn’t easy t break.
“Our way can nt nly help slve the prblem f plastic waste but als prduce rads that deal better with changes in the weather, reducing pthles（路面的坑洼）, ” McCartney said.
The idea came frm a trip t India. “I saw peple there wuld put plastic waste int pthles and burn it t repair rads,” said McCartney.
After lts f testing, McCartney fund the perfect methd. And nw his cmpany has built many plastic rads arund the wrld. A ne-kilmeter stretch f rad uses abut 684, 000 plastic bttles r 1.8 millin plastic bags. The rad itself can be recycled in the end. The materials can be reused t build new rads.
“We are just a small part f ending the plastic prblems, but it’s nice t be part f it,” McCartney said. “I just dn’t want my kids t live in a wrld where there are mre plastics than fish in the sea.”
1．What des the numbers in Paragraph 1 shw?
A．Peple cannt live withut plastics.
B．Plastics are better than ther materials.
C．The plastic pllutin is a serius prblem.
D．Plastics help cmpanies make lts f mney.
2．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the plastic rads?
A．It is easy t break a plastic rad.
B．The first plastic rad was built in India.
C．Plastic rads lk different frm ther rads.
D．Peple can recycle plastic rads t build new nes.
3．Hw many plastic bttles are needed t build a ne-kilmeter stretch f plastic rad?
A．684 thusand.B．1 millin.C．1.8 millin.D．5 trillin.
4．What des McCartney mean by saying the last sentence?
A．He will keep mre fish in the sea.
B．He enjys fishing with his children.
C．He can end plastic prblems alne.
D．He wants t help build a green wrld.
5．What is the best title fr the article?
A．Ways t reuseB．Trip t IndiaC．Rad t recyclingD．Jurney t the sea
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文讲述了塑料污染问题的严重性，及McCartney在缓解塑料污染问题上做出的努力，其中包括塑料被研究做成马路并可实现回收再利用。
1．细节理解题。根据“We all knw there is a prblem with plastic pllutin.”可知这些数字表明了塑料造成的严重污染。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“ The rad itself can be recycled in the end. The materials can be reused t build new rads.”可知用塑料造的马路还可以回收再重造马路。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“A ne-kilmeter stretch f rad uses abut 684, 000 plastic bttles r 1.8 millin plastic bags. ”可知一公里长的道路使用大约684，000个塑料瓶。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“I just dn’t want my kids t live in a wrld where there are mre plastics than fish in the sea.”可知McCartney不想让自己的孩子生活在满是塑料污染的环境，即他想帮助建造更环保的环境。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了为缓解塑料污染，塑料被研究做成马路并可实现回收再利用。故选C。