江苏省无锡市梁溪区 （第一高级中学） 2024-2025学年高二年级第二学期3月阶段测试英语（春卷）（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份江苏省无锡市梁溪区 （第一高级中学） 2024-2025学年高二年级第二学期3月阶段测试英语（春卷）（原卷版+解析版），共34页。试卷主要包含了 3，5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2025. 3
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the weather like nw?
A. Sunny. B. Snwy. C. Rainy.
2. Hw des the man feel?
A. Sad. B. Tired. C. Happy.
3. What des the wman request the man t d?
A. Drink his cffee utside. B. Return the valuable bk sn. C. Buy cheaper drinks.
4. What des the wman say abut the delivery?
A. It was expensive. B. It was speedy. C. It was slw
5. What des the wman want?
A. A place t park. B. Directins t the theater. C. Infrmatin abut the cncert.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man d yesterday?
A. He attended a business meeting. B. He went n a trip. C. He tk an exam
7. When des the man usually g t bed?
A. At 11:00 p. m. B. At 10:00 p. m. C. At 9:00 p. m.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Hw many apartments did Clive lk at yesterday
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Five.
9. What is Clive cmplaining abut?
A. The prices f the apartments. B. The cst f transprt. C. The amunt f wrk.
10. Why des Clive want t mve?
A. He lives t near t the railway. B. He desn’t like his present hme. C. He lives t far frm his wrkplace.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
11. Where are the speakers?
A. At an ffice. B. At a restaurant. C. At a clthing stre.
12. What is different abut Peter?
A. His persnality. B. His clthing. C. His jb.
13. What des Peter intend t d?
A. Attend a wedding. B. Apply fr a psitin. C. Talk t his bss.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
14. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. C-wrkers. B. Writer and fan. C. Teacher and student.
15. What is the man mainly having difficulty with?
A. The chars. B. The language. C. The lcatins.
16. What will the wman d next?
A. Fetch a dictinary B. Take ver the task. C. Make a pie.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the main tpic f the talk?
A. Health. B. Reading. C. Friendship.
18. What time f day culd this talk have been given?
A. At 10:00 a. m. B. At 1:00 p. m. C. At 8:00 p. m.
19. Wh might the speaker be?
A. A teacher. B. A dctr. C. A writer.
20. What is the speaker s friend interested in?
A. Bks. B. Bats. C. Languages.
第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分37.5分）
第一节 阅读理解 （共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
A
Sthing, sftening, award-winning lip care-just in time fr that bite in the air
Natural Chice
Full f rganic ingredients, this lip stick is packaged plastic-free in a handy tin. It uses rganic herbs that are great fr cmfrting skin and lips. What’s nt t lve abut this tin f care?
£4 each,
“A prtective and healing stick fr lips” JULIET, Yrkshire.
Makes Sense
Packaged in a clever plastic-free tube, this lip stick wins ur Ec Champin award. It is lng-lasting and perfect fr sensitive r sre skin. Effective!
£3.90 each,
“Lks lvely, and wrks!” ANDREA, Lndn.
Misture Miracle
Weleda’s lip stick gt tp marks given by custmers and was cnsidered ‘truly cmfrting’, which earns it the Readers’ Chice award. This prduct is lightly perfumed with essential ils. The tube is recyclable.
£4.95 each,
“This is skin fd! It smells heavenly. My lips felt treated” HOLLY, Hertfrdshire.
Lipid fr Lips
A vegan-friendly butter with a minty (薄荷) scent that cmes in an easy-t-use tin. It’s plastic-free and handmade in small batches (量) in Sctland with natural, 85 percent rganic ingredients.
£4.50 each,
“Fresh, cmfrting, light and lng-lasting” ESTHER, Oxfrd shire.
Shea’s a Winner
This stick is made frm natural, rganic ingredients. It can cure yur sre skin in ne day-and this grgeus prduct prtects yu with subtle minty scent.
£6.95 each,
“I adre this prduct and its natural scent” NIKKI, ‘Psychlgies’ Partnerships Directr.
1. What d Makes Sense and Misture Miracle have in cmmn?
A. They cst the same.B. They have wn awards.
C. They use essential ils.D. They are gd fr sre lips.
2. What is special abut Lipid fr Lips?
A. It smells heavenly with mint.
B. It is made frm rganic ingredients.
C. It is handmade in small quantities.
D. It has discunts if yu buy in batches.
3. Which f the fllwing will cst custmers least?
A Makes Sense.B. Natural Chice.C. Misture Miracle.D. Shea’s a Winner.
B
Lts f animals live and mve in grups — elephants in herds, wlves in packs, birds in flcks, and fish in schls. Research has shwn that where an individual is lcated in the grup can affect the benefits it gets frm hanging ut in a crwd. Hwever, Shaun Killen, an ecphysilgist at the University f Glasgw in the UK says, researchers haven’t yet fully explred the rle f physilgical prcesses such as digestin in driving animals’ cllective behavir.
Killen and his clleagues recently studied schls f Eurasian minnws (鲦鱼) swimming in a tank against a current. Pieces f fd were cnstantly mving past the fish, and the team recrded hw many each minnw ate and the fishes’ psitins befre and after eating. After calculating the metablic csts f digesting each fish’s meal and cmparing it t the fish’s psitin ,the team bserved a trend: fish that had just gulped dwn a big meal mved t the back f the schl, even when they’d swum at the frnt at mst ther times.
“It makes sense that feeding wuld influence individuals’ psitins in a grup,” says Damien Farine, wh studies cllective behavir in birds at the University f Knstanz in Germany, “If a fish is hungry, it’s cmpeting with thers in the schl t eat, and being at the frnt gives it access t mre fd. But nce the fish is full, it desn’t necessarily need t be at the frnt.” In additin, “being at the back f the grup is less energetically cstly fr a range f reasns,” Farine ntes. “An individual at the back desn’t have t cntribute t navigating, and by relaxing the brain lad it saves mre energy.”
Killen says he’s been thinking abut the prs and cns f being at the back f the pack, such as prtectin frm attackers and a bst frm schlmates’ slipstream. Changes in psitin, especially during the basic trade -ff between feeding and mvement, appear t influence grup leadership ,infrmatin transfer, and grup decisin making. But the cnsequences f the trade-ffs fr grup pwer and survival are nt yet understd.
4. What des Killen and his clleagues’ study fcus n?
A. Hw behaviral traits influence psitin change f individuals in fish schls.
B. Hw lcatin influences nutritin states f individuals in fish schls.
C. Hw digestin influences distributin f individuals in fish schls.
D Hw lcatin influences benefits f individuals in fish schls.
5. What can we learn frm Paragraph3?
A. A full fish cmpetes t eat at the back.B. A hungry fish has easier access t mre fd.
C. Being at the back saves the energy f a full fish.D. Being at the frnt csts a hungry fish less energy.
6. What is Shaun Killen’s attitude t his study?
A. Cautius.B. Cnfident.C. Psitive.D. Disappinted.
C
Elizabeth Spelke, a cgnitive (认知的) psychlgist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the wrld's mst cmplex learning system-the mind f a baby. Babies might seem like n match fr artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hpeless at mining text, and awful at vide games. Then again, babies can d things beynd the reach f any AI. By just a few mnths ld, they’ve begun t grasp the fundatins f language, such as grammar. They’ve started t understand hw t adapt t unfamiliar situatins.
Yet even experts like Spelke dn’t understand precisely hw babies — r adults, fr that matter — learn. That gap pints t a puzzle at the heart f mdern artificial intelligence: We're nt sure what t aim fr.
Cnsider ne f the mst impressive examples f AI, Alpha Zer, a prgramme that plays bard games with superhuman skill. After playing thusands f games against itself at a super speed, and learning frm winning psitins, Alpha Zer independently discvered several famus chess strategies and even invented new nes. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cgnitive abilities. But Alpha Zer needs t play millins mre games than a persn during practice t learn a game. Mst imprtantly, it cannt take what it has learned frm the game and apply it t anther area.
T sme AI experts, that calls fr a new apprach. In a Nvember research paper, Francis Chllet, a well-knwn AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided t measure machine intelligence just accrding t its skills at specific tasks. “Humans dn’t start ut with skills; they start ut with a brad ability t acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strng human chess player is demnstrating is nt nly the ability t play chess, but the ptential t fulfill any task f a similar difficulty.” Chllet psed a set f prblems, each f which requires an AI prgramme t arrange clred squares n a grid (格栅) based n just a few prir examples. It’s nt hard fr a persn. But mdern machine-learning prgrammes-trained n huge amunts f data — cannt learn frm s few examples.
Jsh Tenenbaum, a prfessr in MIT's Center fr Brains, Minds & Machines, wrks clsely with Spelke and uses insights frm cgnitive science as inspiratin fr his prgrammes. He says much f mdern AI misses the bigger picture, cmparing it t a cartn abut a tw-dimensinal wrld ppulated by simple gemetrical (几何形的) peple. AI prgrammes will need t learn in new ways — fr example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At sme pint — yu knw, if yu’re intelligent — yu realize maybe there's smething else ut there,” he says.
7. Cmpared t an advanced AI prgramme, a baby might be better at _______________.
A. labeling imagesB. identifying lcatins
C. playing gamesD. making adjustments
8. What des the underlined wrd “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Stimulating.B. Measuring.C. Beating.D. Limiting.
9. Bth Francis Chllet and Jsh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.
A. AI is gd at finding similar patterns
B. AI shuld gain abilities with less training
C. AI lacks the ability f generalizing a skill
D. AI will match humans in cgnitive ability
10. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. What is exactly intelligence?
B. Why is mdern AI advanced?
C. Where is human intelligence ging?
D. Hw d humans tackle the challenge f AI?
第二节 七选五 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When is bedtime? ____11____ Inside every living thing is a clck that fllws the sun.
Fr a lng time peple assumed that daylight tld animals when t g t sleep r wake up. See light, wake. See dark, sleep. Then, in 1729, a French scientist named Jean-Jacques d’Ortus de Mairan did an experiment with a mimsa (含羞草), a plant that flds up its leaves at night. ____12____
Frm time t time, he peeked inside. T his surprise, the leaves cntinued t pen and clse each day as usual, even in ttal darkness. And he had discvered a new thing abut living creatures. Inside every cell, there is a tiny clck that keeps track f whether it’s mrning, nn, r night n the 24-hur cycle f a day. ____13____
Every cell in the bdy has its wn tiny time-clicker. A master timekeeper in the brain keeps all these cell clcks in step. Fr humans, a small grup f cells at the back f the eye are in charge f the special jb. ____14____ The master clck then sends “wake up” r “sleep” chemicals t all yur cells.
Yu can feel light reset yur clck if yu fly t a different time zne. Fr a few days yu get sleepy at bedtime back hme even if it’s afternn in yur new place. This is called “jet lag”. ____15____ But sn the bright light in the mrning and dark at night will reset yur master clck t match the lcal time where yu are, and yu’re back n schedule.
S dn’t wrry if yu frget yur watch—yur clck inside will keep yu n sun time.
A. Inside every cell, there is a tiny clck.
B. That’s yur bdy’s internal clck at wrk.
C. If yu dn’t have a phne r watch, dn’t wrry.
D. T learn mre abut this, scientists did sme research.
E. They signal when they see strng daylight r grwing darkness.
F. He put sme f the plants in a cupbard and kept them in cnstant darkness.
G. These timekeepers cause cells t d different things at different times f day.
第三部分 语言运用 （共四节，满分57.5分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
Brn n July 2,1932 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dave Thmas never met his birth mther. Later n, Dave's father wh had remarried____16____t Frt Wayne, Indiana. There, Dave did several____17____such as a paperby, glf caddy, and a cunter in a drugstre. When he was 15, Dave was first____18____t the fd and service industry thrugh his first jb. Fr sme reasns, his family decided t mve again. ____19____, Dave refused. He then drpped ut f____20____in the 10th grade and wrked full time. He wrked very hard and was lucky t get an pprtunity t earn $1.5 millin.
Dave, being____21____abut fd, fund it hard t find a gd burger in Clumbus. This tiny____22____sn turned int a multi-millin dllar business after he decided t____23____the first Wendy's restaurant in 1969. Wendy's caught a lt f____24____and ppularity fr their square burgers and____25____and abundant tppings（配料）. Within a decade，Wendy's turned int a thusand-stre franchise.
After sme business mistakes had____26____Wendy’s financial stability, Dave began visiting each franchise t____27____emplyees with his “mp-bucket attitude”, which prved t be a(n)____28____strategy. He sn became the televisin spkesman fr the cmpany and became very famus and____29____. His charming persnality drve a lt f Americans t____30____the Dave Thmas brand, and regard Wendy's as ne f the US's mst well-received fast fd chains.
16. A. returnedB. hikedC. mvedD. walked
17. A. advertisementsB. experimentsC. pstersD. jbs
18. A. addictedB. expsedC. appealedD. replied
19. A. FurthermreB. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Hwever
20. A. dreamsB. schlC. cllegeD. languages
21. A. enthusiasticB. angryC. carefulD. lazy
22. A. cnflictB. principleC. shareD. regret
23. A. purchaseB. expandC. penD. arrange
24. A. attentinB. frgivenessC. senseD. cnsideratin
25. A. variusB. similarC. preciusD. cmplex
26. A. challengedB. judgedC. damagedD. cnquered
27. A. appreciateB. cntradictC. acknwledgeD. inspire
28. A. academicB. effectiveC. ptinalD. cntrary
29. A. successfulB. energeticC. generusD. selfless
30. A. maintainB. explreC. lveD. preserve
第二节句子填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
31. The ________ (frtune) struck Ukraine when a war brke ut, causing widespread destructin and displacement f its citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32. Many small businesses are ________ (rely) n bank lans t keep perating. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33. The wildfires in Califrnia was ________ (mercy), devuring thusands f hmes and leaving cuntless lives in ruins. (所给词适当形式填空)
34. He pretended ________ (watch) Nezha II, twice s he culd shw ff in frnt f his friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35. The cmpany is willing t hire ________ can cntribute t their nging prjects. (用适当的词填空)
36. The ________ (embarrassed) was bvius as Trump and Zelenskyy argued in frnt f the glbal media. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37. My phne is ________ (tlerate) f being drpped, dunked in water, and even used as a hammer, but it still crashes every time I try t pen my banking app. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38. He always parks his car ________ he can see it frm the windw, just t make sure it’s safe. (用适当的词填空)
39. He shwed me several ptins fr the prject, nne f ________ seemed feasible (可行的) within ur budget. (用适当的词填空)
40. ________ (pessimistic) see the wrld thrugh a lens f lss, understanding that even in the midst f gain, there is always the fear f lss lurking (潜伏) in the shadws. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第三节 完成句子 （共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
41. After failing the exam, he realized that he needed t ________________________ (认真对待他的作业) and put in mre effrt. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
42. In tday’s digital age, when infrmatin is readily accessible at yur fingertips, ________________________ (可靠的信息来源) is f vital significance(根据汉语提示完成句子)
43. Life always ________________________ (会发生一些意想不到的事) fr us, that’s why adaptability is a crucial skill. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
44. Despite pressure t cmprmise, she ________________ (坚持原则) and refused t turn a blind eye t their immral cnduct. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
45. Fr all t truly benefit humans, develpers must ________________ (践行诚实正直的美德) by priritizing penness ver prfit. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46. The recent ecnmic dwnturn can ________________ (解释) the decline in cnsumer spending. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
47. The fact that he had lied t his parents ________________________ (让他内心十分不安), keeping him wide awake at night. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
48. He studied abrad ________________ different educatinal appraches (带着整合不同教育方式的目的) and bringing back nvel ideas t his hme cuntry. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49. The father ________________________ (同意他儿子和笔友通信) his pen pal frm a different cuntry, believing it wuld braden his hrizns and imprve his language skills. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
50. In ur team, there are a few members ________________________ (无论我说什么都要反对), which creates unnecessary cnflicts. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
第四节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
语法填空
Trade and curisity have ften frmed the ____51____ (fund) f mankind’s greatest achievements. ____52____ (cmplete) the great map f the wrld was a strng passin fr the peple f early civilizatins. Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east. Hwever, merchants and explrers frm the East set sail frm east t west much ____53____ (early) than Clumbus first did.
In ancient times, silk frm China fund its way verland t India, the Middle East, and Rme, alng ____54____ became knwn as the Silk Rad. A trading rute acrss the sea was als extended alng the casts f the Indian Ocean, centred arund Ceyln (nw Sri Lanka). Here, merchants frm China and many ther places met ____55____ (negtiate) trade deals, ____56____ als led t mre awareness ____57____ each ther’s cultures. Over the centuries further trading allwed mre explratin f the regins t the west f China, as recrded in Du Huan’s Recrd f My Travels in the eighth century.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further develped relatins with these regins. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west n vyages f trade and explratin. These fleets were a sight t behld. Under the cmmand f Zheng He, they set sail frm the Suth China Sea acrss the Indian Ocean t the muth f the Red Sea, ____58____ then t the east cast f Africa. African ryal families sent gifts such as giraffes as ____59____ (gesture) f friendship in return fr gld, silk, and spices. Althugh China _____60_____ (withdraw) frm further expeditins after 1433, these land and sea rutes remained active channels between ther cultures fr centuries.
第四部分 读后续写 （满分25分）
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The car turned nt the familiar rad that led t Grandma’s farm. “Jude, this summer hliday will be a great chance fr yu t stay with yur grandma,” Dad said as he drve. Every mment, we were mving farther away frm the city, the place where I knew hw t d things right.
The car engine wasn’t ff befre Grandma hugged me. I slwly dragged myself ut f the car. “Jude, yu lk unhappy. Why?” Grandma asked. She acted like nthing bad had happened last time. Culd I ask hw much mney her neighbr Mr. Jacksn had lst because f my mistake? Was he still upset with me? “I’m fine,” I answered. “I’m just missing my cmputer camp. Cmputers are smething I’m gd at.” “That sunds disappinting.” Grandma ndded.
I liked visiting the farm during breaks befre I messed things up last summer. Grandma lived alne, and Mr. Jacksn was like family t her. Then ne day I frgt t lck the gate and let the gats int his flwer beds. He lst almst all his rses fr the farmers’ market.
Nw, back at the farm, I felt nervus. I was trying t hide in the rm when I saw Mr. Jacksn! He was pening the dr and calling Grandma. “I need help!” he yelled t her. “Just a secnd fr the freshly harvested rses!” That was when he saw me. I felt my heart tighten and was ready fr his criticism. I deserved it. He had prbably been waiting fr this mment since last summer.
Hwever, Mr. Jacksn greeted me happily, “Great, Jude is here! Yur grandma always tells us yu are a wnderfully cmpetent(有能力的)cmputer prgrammer.” I shk my head. “I am nt cmpetent. I am srry I messed things up.” He was surprised and cmfrted me, “It was an accident. Being cmpetent desn’t mean yu never make mistakes.”
I lked ut f the windw. There were piles f rses waiting t be sld. “Jude, can yu help us? We want t sell rses nline. We have a cmputer and all the parts(零件)fr ur internet cnnectin, but we just can’t set it up,” Grandma asked. N internet. They seemed t live in the twentieth century.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Maybe I culd be smene wh was really cmpetent
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Within a few hurs, rders fr rses flded in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
无锡市第一中学2024-2025学年度第二学期阶段性质量检测试卷
高二英语
2025. 3
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the weather like nw?
A. Sunny. B. Snwy. C. Rainy.
2. Hw des the man feel?
A. Sad. B. Tired. C. Happy.
3. What des the wman request the man t d?
A. Drink his cffee utside. B. Return the valuable bk sn. C. Buy cheaper drinks.
4. What des the wman say abut the delivery?
A. It was expensive. B. It was speedy. C. It was slw
5. What des the wman want?
A. A place t park. B. Directins t the theater. C. Infrmatin abut the cncert.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man d yesterday?
A. He attended a business meeting. B. He went n a trip. C. He tk an exam
7. When des the man usually g t bed?
A. At 11:00 p. m. B. At 10:00 p. m. C. At 9:00 p. m.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Hw many apartments did Clive lk at yesterday
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Five.
9. What is Clive cmplaining abut?
A. The prices f the apartments. B. The cst f transprt. C. The amunt f wrk.
10. Why des Clive want t mve?
A. He lives t near t the railway. B. He desn’t like his present hme. C. He lives t far frm his wrkplace.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
11. Where are the speakers?
A. At an ffice. B. At a restaurant. C. At a clthing stre.
12. What is different abut Peter?
A. His persnality. B. His clthing. C. His jb.
13. What des Peter intend t d?
A. Attend a wedding. B. Apply fr a psitin. C. Talk t his bss.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
14. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. C-wrkers. B. Writer and fan. C. Teacher and student.
15. What is the man mainly having difficulty with?
A. The chars. B. The language. C. The lcatins.
16. What will the wman d next?
A. Fetch a dictinary B. Take ver the task. C. Make a pie.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the main tpic f the talk?
A. Health. B. Reading. C. Friendship.
18. What time f day culd this talk have been given?
A. At 10:00 a. m. B. At 1:00 p. m. C. At 8:00 p. m.
19. Wh might the speaker be?
A. A teacher. B. A dctr. C. A writer.
20. What is the speaker s friend interested in?
A. Bks. B. Bats. C. Languages.
第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分37.5分）
第一节 阅读理解 （共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
A
Sthing sftening, award-winning lip care-just in time fr that bite in the air
Natural Chice
Full f rganic ingredients, this lip stick is packaged plastic-free in a handy tin. It uses rganic herbs that are great fr cmfrting skin and lips. What’s nt t lve abut this tin f care?
£4 each
“A prtective and healing stick fr lips” JULIET, Yrkshire.
Makes Sense
Packaged in a clever plastic-free tube, this lip stick wins ur Ec Champin award. It is lng-lasting and perfect fr sensitive r sre skin. Effective!
£3.90 each,
“Lks lvely, and wrks!” ANDREA, Lndn.
Misture Miracle
Weleda’s lip stick gt tp marks given by custmers and was cnsidered ‘truly cmfrting’, which earns it the Readers’ Chice award. This prduct is lightly perfumed with essential ils. The tube is recyclable.
£4.95 each,
“This is skin fd! It smells heavenly. My lips felt treated” HOLLY, Hertfrdshire.
Lipid fr Lips
A vegan-friendly butter with a minty (薄荷) scent that cmes in an easy-t-use tin. It’s plastic-free and handmade in small batches (量) in Sctland with natural, 85 percent rganic ingredients.
£4.50 each,
“Fresh, cmfrting, light and lng-lasting” ESTHER, Oxfrd shire.
Shea’s a Winner
This stick is made frm natural, rganic ingredients. It can cure yur sre skin in ne day-and this grgeus prduct prtects yu with subtle minty scent.
£6.95 each,
“I adre this prduct and its natural scent” NIKKI, ‘Psychlgies’ Partnerships Directr.
1. What d Makes Sense and Misture Miracle have in cmmn?
A. They cst the same.B. They have wn awards.
C. They use essential ils.D. They are gd fr sre lips.
2. What is special abut Lipid fr Lips?
A. It smells heavenly with mint.
B. It is made frm rganic ingredients.
C. It is handmade in small quantities.
D. It has discunts if yu buy in batches.
3. Which f the fllwing will cst custmers least?
A. Makes Sense.B. Natural Chice.C. Misture Miracle.D. Shea’s a Winner.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章阐述了几种唇膏的价格和各自的特点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Makes Sense”小标题下“Packaged in a clever plastic-free tube, this lip stick wins ur Ec Champin award(包装在一个聪明的塑料免费管，这个唇膏赢得了我们的生态冠军奖) ”以及“Misture Miracle”标题下“Weleda’s lip stick gt tp marks given by custmers and was cnsidered 'truly cmfrting', which earns it the Readers’ Chice award(Weleda的唇膏得到了顾客的最高评价，被认为是“真正的安慰”，这使它赢得了读者的选择奖)”可知，“Makes Sense”和“Misture Miracle”共同点他们获奖了。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Lipid fr Lips”标题下“It’s plastic-free and handmade in small batches in Sctland with natural(它不含塑料，在苏格兰小批量手工制作)”可知，唇脂的特点是手工制作。因此，唇脂特别之处在于这是小批量手工制作的。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章，几种唇膏的价格分别是“£4 each, ,£3.90 each, ，£4.95 each, ，£6.95 each, ”，其中，“Makes Sense”的价格是最低：£3.90，因此，有预算意识的客户会购买A项“Makes Sense”。故选A项。
B
Lts f animals live and mve in grups — elephants in herds, wlves in packs, birds in flcks, and fish in schls. Research has shwn that where an individual is lcated in the grup can affect the benefits it gets frm hanging ut in a crwd. Hwever, Shaun Killen, an ecphysilgist at the University f Glasgw in the UK says, researchers haven’t yet fully explred the rle f physilgical prcesses such as digestin in driving animals’ cllective behavir.
Killen and his clleagues recently studied schls f Eurasian minnws (鲦鱼) swimming in a tank against a current. Pieces f fd were cnstantly mving past the fish, and the team recrded hw many each minnw ate and the fishes’ psitins befre and after eating. After calculating the metablic csts f digesting each fish’s meal and cmparing it t the fish’s psitin ,the team bserved a trend: fish that had just gulped dwn a big meal mved t the back f the schl, even when they’d swum at the frnt at mst ther times.
“It makes sense that feeding wuld influence individuals’ psitins in a grup,” says Damien Farine, wh studies cllective behavir in birds at the University f Knstanz in Germany, “If a fish is hungry, it’s cmpeting with thers in the schl t eat, and being at the frnt gives it access t mre fd. But nce the fish is full, it desn’t necessarily need t be at the frnt.” In additin, “being at the back f the grup is less energetically cstly fr a range f reasns,” Farine ntes. “An individual at the back desn’t have t cntribute t navigating, and by relaxing the brain lad it saves mre energy.”
Killen says he’s been thinking abut the prs and cns f being at the back f the pack, such as prtectin frm attackers and a bst frm schlmates’ slipstream. Changes in psitin, especially during the basic trade -ff between feeding and mvement, appear t influence grup leadership ,infrmatin transfer, and grup decisin making. But the cnsequences f the trade-ffs fr grup pwer and survival are nt yet understd.
4. What des Killen and his clleagues’ study fcus n?
A. Hw behaviral traits influence psitin change f individuals in fish schls.
B. Hw lcatin influences nutritin states f individuals in fish schls.
C. Hw digestin influences distributin f individuals in fish schls.
D. Hw lcatin influences benefits f individuals in fish schls.
5. What can we learn frm Paragraph3?
A. A full fish cmpetes t eat at the back.B. A hungry fish has easier access t mre fd.
C. Being at the back saves the energy f a full fish.D. Being at the frnt csts a hungry fish less energy.
6. What is Shaun Killen’s attitude t his study?
A. Cautius.B. Cnfident.C. Psitive.D. Disappinted.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学研究成果，解释了动物群体行为中个体位置变化的生理学原因。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Killen and his clleagues recently studied schls f Eurasian minnws (鲦鱼) swimming in a tank against a current. Pieces f fd were cnstantly mving past the fish, and the team recrded hw many each minnw ate and the fishes’ psitins befre and after eating. After calculating the metablic csts f digesting each fish’s meal and cmparing it t the fish’s psitin ,the team bserved a trend: fish that had just gulped dwn a big meal mved t the back f the schl, even when they’d swum at the frnt at mst ther times.(基伦和他的同事们最近研究了一群欧亚鲦鱼，它们在一个水箱里逆水游动。食物碎片不断地从鱼身边移动，研究小组记录了每条鲦鱼吃了多少，以及鱼在吃东西前后的位置。在计算了消化每条鱼粉的代谢成本，并将其与鱼的位置进行比较后，研究小组观察到一个趋势：刚刚吞下一顿大餐的鱼移动到鱼群的后面，即使它们在大多数时候都在前面游)”可知，Killen及其同事研究了鲦鱼在进食后的位置变化，这表明研究聚焦于消化对鱼群分布的影响。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““If a fish is hungry, it’s cmpeting with thers in the schl t eat, and being at the frnt gives it access t mre fd. But nce the fish is full, it desn’t necessarily need t be at the frnt.” In additin, “being at the back f the grup is less energetically cstly fr a range f reasns,” Farine ntes. “An individual at the back desn’t have t cntribute t navigating, and by relaxing the brain lad it saves mre energy.”(“如果一条鱼饿了，它就会和鱼群中的其他鱼竞争食物，在前面可以让它获得更多的食物。但一旦鱼吃饱了，它就不一定要在前面了。”此外，Farine指出：“由于一系列原因，排在队伍的后面消耗的能量更少。”“在后面的鱼不需要为导航做出贡献，通过放松大脑负荷，它可以节省更多的能量。”)”可知，吃饱的鱼在后方能节省能量。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Killen says he’s been thinking abut the prs and cns f being at the back f the pack, such as prtectin frm attackers and a bst frm schlmates’ slipstream. Changes in psitin, especially during the basic trade -ff between feeding and mvement, appear t influence grup leadership ,infrmatin transfer, and grup decisin making. But the cnsequences f the trade-ffs fr grup pwer and survival are nt yet understd.(Killen说，他一直在思考排在队伍后面的利与弊，比如免受攻击，以及从同伴的滑流中获得动力。位置的变化，特别是在觅食和移动之间的基本权衡过程中，似乎会影响群体的领导、信息传递和群体决策。但群体权力和生存之间的权衡所带来的后果尚不清楚)”可知，Killen认为位置变化会影响群体领导、信息传递和决策，但他也指出这些变化对群体权力和生存的影响尚未被完全理解。由此推知，他对研究结果持谨慎态度。故选A项。
C
Elizabeth Spelke, a cgnitive (认知的) psychlgist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the wrld's mst cmplex learning system-the mind f a baby. Babies might seem like n match fr artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hpeless at mining text, and awful at vide games. Then again, babies can d things beynd the reach f any AI. By just a few mnths ld, they’ve begun t grasp the fundatins f language, such as grammar. They’ve started t understand hw t adapt t unfamiliar situatins.
Yet even experts like Spelke dn’t understand precisely hw babies — r adults, fr that matter — learn. That gap pints t a puzzle at the heart f mdern artificial intelligence: We're nt sure what t aim fr.
Cnsider ne f the mst impressive examples f AI, Alpha Zer, a prgramme that plays bard games with superhuman skill. After playing thusands f games against itself at a super speed, and learning frm winning psitins, Alpha Zer independently discvered several famus chess strategies and even invented new nes. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cgnitive abilities. But Alpha Zer needs t play millins mre games than a persn during practice t learn a game. Mst imprtantly, it cannt take what it has learned frm the game and apply it t anther area.
T sme AI experts, that calls fr a new apprach. In a Nvember research paper, Francis Chllet, a well-knwn AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided t measure machine intelligence just accrding t its skills at specific tasks. “Humans dn’t start ut with skills; they start ut with a brad ability t acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strng human chess player is demnstrating is nt nly the ability t play chess, but the ptential t fulfill any task f a similar difficulty.” Chllet psed a set f prblems, each f which requires an AI prgramme t arrange clred squares n a grid (格栅) based n just a few prir examples. It’s nt hard fr a persn. But mdern machine-learning prgrammes-trained n huge amunts f data — cannt learn frm s few examples.
Jsh Tenenbaum, a prfessr in MIT's Center fr Brains, Minds & Machines, wrks clsely with Spelke and uses insights frm cgnitive science as inspiratin fr his prgrammes. He says much f mdern AI misses the bigger picture, cmparing it t a cartn abut a tw-dimensinal wrld ppulated by simple gemetrical (几何形的) peple. AI prgrammes will need t learn in new ways — fr example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At sme pint — yu knw, if yu’re intelligent — yu realize maybe there's smething else ut there,” he says.
7. Cmpared t an advanced AI prgramme, a baby might be better at _______________.
A. labeling imagesB. identifying lcatins
C. playing gamesD. making adjustments
8. What des the underlined wrd “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Stimulating.B. Measuring.C. Beating.D. Limiting.
9. Bth Francis Chllet and Jsh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.
A. AI is gd at finding similar patterns
B. AI shuld gain abilities with less training
C. AI lacks the ability f generalizing a skill
D. AI will match humans in cgnitive ability
10. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. What is exactly intelligence?
B. Why is mdern AI advanced?
C. Where is human intelligence ging?
D. Hw d humans tackle the challenge f AI?
【答案】7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过比较人工智能和人类的智能，想要告诉我们——什么是真正的智力。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“They’ve started t understand hw t adapt t unfamiliar situatins.( 他们开始懂得如何适应陌生的环境)”可知，与高级人工智能程序相比，婴儿可能更善于做出调整。故选D。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“After playing thusands f games against itself at a super speed, and learning frm winning psitins, Alpha Zer independently discvered several famus chess strategies and even invented new nes. (在以超快的速度与自己对弈数千场，并从获胜位置中学习之后，阿尔法零独立地发现了几种著名的国际象棋策略，甚至发明了新的策略)”可推知，阿尔法零超越了人类的认知能力，所以划线单词“eclipsing”的意思是“超过，胜过”，划线句意是：它看起来确实像是一台超越人类认知能力的机器。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“What a strng human chess player is demnstrating is nt nly the ability t play chess, but the ptential t fulfill any task f a similar difficulty. (一位强大的人类棋手展示的不仅是下棋的能力，还有完成任何类似难度任务的潜力)”和最后一段“AI prgrammes will need t learn in new ways — fr example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. (人工智能程序将需要以新的方式学习——例如，通过得出因果推论，而不是简单地寻找模式)”可推知， Francis Chllet 和Jsh Tenenbaum可能同意人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力。故选C。
10题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第二段“Yet even experts like Spelke dn't understand precisely hw babies — r adults, fr that matter — learn. That gap pints t a puzzle at the heart f mdern artificial intelligence: We’re nt sure what t aim fr. (然而，即使是像斯皮尔克这样的专家也不能确切地理解婴儿——或成人——是如何学习的。这一差距指向了现代人工智能的一个核心难题:我们不确定该以什么为目标)”可知，本文讲述了所谓真正的智力到底是什么。故选A。
第二节 七选五 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When is bedtime? ____11____ Inside every living thing is a clck that fllws the sun.
Fr a lng time, peple assumed that daylight tld animals when t g t sleep r wake up. See light, wake. See dark, sleep. Then, in 1729, a French scientist named Jean-Jacques d’Ortus de Mairan did an experiment with a mimsa (含羞草), a plant that flds up its leaves at night. ____12____
Frm time t time, he peeked inside. T his surprise, the leaves cntinued t pen and clse each day as usual, even in ttal darkness. And he had discvered a new thing abut living creatures. Inside every cell, there is a tiny clck that keeps track f whether it’s mrning, nn, r night n the 24-hur cycle f a day. ____13____
Every cell in the bdy has its wn tiny time-clicker. A master timekeeper in the brain keeps all these cell clcks in step. Fr humans, a small grup f cells at the back f the eye are in charge f the special jb. ____14____ The master clck then sends “wake up” r “sleep” chemicals t all yur cells.
Yu can feel light reset yur clck if yu fly t a different time zne. Fr a few days yu get sleepy at bedtime back hme even if it’s afternn in yur new place. This is called “jet lag”. ____15____ But sn the bright light in the mrning and dark at night will reset yur master clck t match the lcal time where yu are, and yu’re back n schedule.
S dn’t wrry if yu frget yur watch—yur clck inside will keep yu n sun time.
A. Inside every cell, there is a tiny clck.
B. That’s yur bdy’s internal clck at wrk.
C. If yu dn’t have a phne r watch, dn’t wrry.
D. T learn mre abut this, scientists did sme research.
E. They signal when they see strng daylight r grwing darkness.
F. He put sme f the plants in a cupbard and kept them in cnstant darkness.
G. These timekeepers cause cells t d different things at different times f day.
【答案】11. C 12. F 13. G 14. E 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了生物钟的作用。
【11题详解】
根据上文“When is bedtime?”（什么时候睡觉？）并根据下文“Inside every living thing is a clck that fllws the sun.”（每个生物体内都有一个时钟，它跟随太阳转动。）可知，每个人体内都有生物钟，所以什么时候睡觉不需要依赖手机或者手表。故C选项“如果你没有手机或手表，也不用担心”切题。故选C项。
【12题详解】
根据上文“Then, in 1729, a French scientist named Jean-Jacques d’Ortus de Mairan did an experiment with a mimsa (含羞草), a plant that flds up its leaves at night.”（1729年，法国科学家Jean-Jacques d 'Ortus de Mairan用含羞草做了一个实验，含羞草是一种夜间折叠叶子的植物。）可知，选项承接上文继续说明在含羞草在黑夜的实验。故F选项“他把一些植物放在橱柜里，让它们一直处于黑暗中。”切题。故选F项。
【13题详解】
根据上文“And he had discvered a new thing abut living creatures. Inside every cell, there is a tiny clck that keeps track f whether it’s mrning, nn, r night n the 24-hur cycle f a day.”（他发现了一个关于生物的新现象。在每个细胞内，都有一个微小的时钟，记录着一天24小时周期中的早晨、中午或者晚上。）可知，选项承接上文说明微小的时钟（计时细胞）的工作情况。故G选项“这些计时器使细胞在一天的不同时间做不同的事情。”切题。These timekeepers与前文“a tiny clck”呼应。故选G项。
【14题详解】
根据上文“Fr humans, a small grup f cells at the back f the eye are in charge f the special jb.”（对于人类来说，眼睛后部的一小群细胞负责这项特殊的工作）及下文“But sn the bright light in the mrning and dark at night will reset yur master clck t match the lcal time where yu are, and yu’re back n schedule.”（但很快，早晨明亮的光线和晚上黑暗的光线会重置你的主时钟，使其与你所在的地方的时间相匹配，你就又回到了计划中。）可知，选项承接上文说明这些细胞对光的反应。故E选项“当它们看到强烈的日光或逐渐变暗时，就会发出信号”切题。故选E项。
【15题详解】
根据上文“This is called “jet lag”.”（这就是所谓的“时差”）可知，选项承接上文说明时差产生的原因。故B选项“这是你身体内部的生物钟在起作用”切题。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用 （共四节，满分57.5分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
Brn n July 2,1932 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dave Thmas never met his birth mther. Later n, Dave's father wh had remarried____16____t Frt Wayne, Indiana. There, Dave did several____17____such as a paperby, glf caddy, and a cunter in a drugstre. When he was 15, Dave was first____18____t the fd and service industry thrugh his first jb. Fr sme reasns, his family decided t mve again. ____19____, Dave refused. He then drpped ut f____20____in the 10th grade and wrked full time. He wrked very hard and was lucky t get an pprtunity t earn $1.5 millin.
Dave, being____21____abut fd, fund it hard t find a gd burger in Clumbus. This tiny____22____sn turned int a multi-millin dllar business after he decided t____23____the first Wendy's restaurant in 1969. Wendy's caught a lt f____24____and ppularity fr their square burgers and____25____and abundant tppings（配料）. Within a decade，Wendy's turned int a thusand-stre franchise.
After sme business mistakes had____26____Wendy’s financial stability, Dave began visiting each franchise t____27____emplyees with his “mp-bucket attitude”, which prved t be a(n)____28____strategy. He sn became the televisin spkesman fr the cmpany and became very famus and____29____. His charming persnality drve a lt f Americans t____30____the Dave Thmas brand, and regard Wendy's as ne f the US's mst well-received fast fd chains.
16. A. returnedB. hikedC. mvedD. walked
17. A. advertisementsB. experimentsC. pstersD. jbs
18. A. addictedB. expsedC. appealedD. replied
19. A. FurthermreB. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Hwever
20. A. dreamsB. schlC. cllegeD. languages
21. A. enthusiasticB. angryC. carefulD. lazy
22. A. cnflictB. principleC. shareD. regret
23. A. purchaseB. expandC. penD. arrange
24. A. attentinB. frgivenessC. senseD. cnsideratin
25. A. variusB. similarC. preciusD. cmplex
26. A. challengedB. judgedC. damagedD. cnquered
27. A. appreciateB. cntradictC. acknwledgeD. inspire
28. A. academicB. effectiveC. ptinalD. cntrary
29. A. successfulB. energeticC. generusD. selfless
30. A. maintainB. explreC. lveD. preserve
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
本文是记叙文。Dave在早年的工作经历中接触到食品业。出于对食品业的爱好，Dave创建了自己的食品品牌公司并获得成功。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，戴夫再婚的父亲搬到了印第安纳州的韦恩堡。A.returned返回；B.hiked远足，徒步旅行；C.mved搬迁；D.walked走路。根据“Brn n July 2,1932 in Atlantic City, New Jersey”（1932年7月2日出生于新泽西州大西洋城）以及“ Frt Wayne, Indiana.”可知，此处是指戴夫再婚的父亲搬到了印第安纳州的韦恩堡。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，戴夫做过好几份工作，比如报童、高尔夫球童和杂货店的柜台服务员。A.advertisements广告；B.experiments实验；C.psters海报；D.jbs工作。根据“a paperby, glf caddy, and a cunter in a drugstre”可知，此处是指戴夫做过好几份工作。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：15岁时，戴夫通过第一份工作第一次接触到食品服务行业。A.addicted使上瘾；B.expsed使接触；C.appealed吸引；D.replied回复。根据“thrugh his first jb”可知，这是他的第一份工作，所以此处是指戴夫第一次接触到食品服务行业。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，戴夫拒绝了。A.Furthermre此外； B.Otherwise否则； C.Therefre因此；D.Hwever但是，然而。前文“Fr sme reasns, his family decided t mve again.”（由于某些原因，他的家人决定再次搬家。）和“Dave refused”构成转折关系，所以应用转折词hwever。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他在10年级时辍学，开始全职工作。A.dreams梦想； B.schl学校；C.cllege大学；D.languages语言。根据“in the 10th grade”和“wrked full time”可知，此处是指辍学。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：热爱食物的戴夫发现在哥伦布很难找到一个好的汉堡。A.enthusiastic热情的；B.angry生气的；C.careful小心的；D.lazy懒惰的。根据“fund it hard t find a gd burger in Clumbus”可知，戴夫热爱食物，所以他想找到好的汉堡。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1969年，他决定开第一家温蒂餐厅，这个小小的遗憾很快就变成了数百万美元的生意。A.cnflict矛盾；B.principle原则；C.share份额；D.regret遗憾。根据“fund it hard t find a gd burger in Clumbus”可知，此处是指小小的遗憾。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1969年，他决定开第一家温蒂餐厅，这个小小的遗憾很快就变成了数百万美元的生意。A.purchase购买；B.expand扩张；C.pen打开；D.arrange安排。根据“the first Wendy's restaurant in 1969.”可知，温蒂餐厅是他开的。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wendy's的方形汉堡和各种丰富的配料吸引了很多人的关注和欢迎。A.attentin注意力；B.frgiveness原谅；C.sense感觉；D.cnsideratin考虑。根据“and ppularity”可知，此处是指吸引了很多人的关注和欢迎。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wendy's的方形汉堡和各种丰富的配料吸引了很多人的关注和欢迎。A.varius各种各样的；B.similar相似的；C.precius珍贵的；D.cmplex复杂的。根据“abundant tppings”可知，配料各种各样。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误损害了温蒂的财务稳定之后，戴夫开始走访每个连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度”来激励员工，这被证明是一个有效的策略。A.challenged挑战；B.judged判断；C.damaged伤害；D.cnquered征服。根据“sme business mistakes”可知，此处是指损害了温蒂的财务稳定。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误损害了温蒂的财务稳定之后，戴夫开始走访每个连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度”来激励员工，这被证明是一个有效的策略。A.appreciate欣赏；B.cntradict反驳；C.acknwledge承认；D.inspire激励。根据with his “mp-bucket attitude”可知，此处是指用他的“拖把桶态度”来激励员工。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误损害了温蒂的财务稳定之后，戴夫开始走访每个连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度”来激励员工，这被证明是一个有效的策略。A.academic学术的；B.effective有效的；C.ptinal可选择的，随意的；D.cntrary相反的。根据后文“He sn became the televisin spkesman fr the cmpany”（他很快成为该公司的电视发言人）可知，这是一个有效的策略。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快成为该公司的电视发言人，变得非常有名和成功。A.successful成功的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.generus慷慨的；D.selfless无私的。根据“very famus”可知，此处是指他变得非常有名和成功。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迷人的个性让许多美国人爱上了戴夫·托马斯品牌，并将温迪快餐视为美国最受欢迎的快餐连锁店之一。A.maintain维持；B.explre探索； C.lve爱； D.preserve保存。根据“regard Wendy's as ne f the US's mst well-received fast fd chains”可知，许多美国人爱上了戴夫·托马斯品牌。故选C。
第二节句子填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
31. The ________ (frtune) struck Ukraine when a war brke ut, causing widespread destructin and displacement f its citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】misfrtune
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸降临乌克兰，战争爆发，导致大范围的破坏和民众流离失所。空格处需要填写一个名词作主语，下文“when a war brke ut (战争爆发)”表明是一个不幸的事件，frtune意为“运气；财富”其否定形式为misfrtune，意为“不幸；灾难”，不可数名词。故填misfrtune。
32. Many small businesses are ________ (rely) n bank lans t keep perating. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 reliant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多小企业依赖银行贷款来维持运营。空格处需要填入一个形容词，作表语，rely 是动词，其形容词形式为reliant，意为“依赖的”。故填reliant。
33. The wildfires in Califrnia was ________ (mercy), devuring thusands f hmes and leaving cuntless lives in ruins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】merciless
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：加利福尼亚的野火无情，吞噬了数千栋房屋，使无数人的生活陷入困境。根据句中的“devuring thusands f hmes and leaving cuntless lives in ruins”和空格前的was可知，空格处应该用形容词merciless“无情的”作表语。故填merciless。
34. He pretended ________ (watch) Nezha II, twice s he culd shw ff in frnt f his friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 t have watched
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他假装已经看过两次《哪吒II》，这样他就能在朋友面前炫耀了。这里需要非谓语动词，构成固定搭配pretend t d，表示“假装做某事”，由于watch的动作发生在pretend之前，需要使用不定式的完成式 t have watched。故填 t have watched。
35. The cmpany is willing t hire ________ can cntribute t their nging prjects. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whever
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：该公司愿意聘用任何能为其进行中项目做出贡献的人。空格处需要一个连接词，引导宾语从句，同时作从句的主语，此处 强调“任何有能力的人”需使用 whever。故填 whever。
36. The ________ (embarrassed) was bvius as Trump and Zelenskyy argued in frnt f the glbal media. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】embarrassment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当特朗普和泽连斯基在全球媒体面前争论时，尴尬的气氛显而易见。空格处需要填写一个名词作主语，embarrassed是形容词，其名词形式 为embarrassment，意为 “尴尬”。故填embarrassment。
37. My phne is ________ (tlerate) f being drpped, dunked in water, and even used as a hammer, but it still crashes every time I try t pen my banking app. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】tlerant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的手机能够承受被摔、被泡在水里，甚至还能当锤子用，但每次我尝试打开银行应用程序时，它还是会死机。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词tlerant作表语，be tlerant f“容忍；忍受”是固定搭配。故填tlerant。
38. He always parks his car ________ he can see it frm the windw, just t make sure it’s safe. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查连接副词。句意：他总是把车停在他能从窗户看到的地方，只是为了确保安全。 he can see it frm the windw是地点状语从句，空格处应该填入一个连接词引导从句，且意义为“（在）……的地方”，所以应该用连接副词where。故填where。
39. He shwed me several ptins fr the prject, nne f ________ seemed feasible (可行的) within ur budget. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我看了项目的几个方案，但没有一个在我们的预算内是可行的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词several ptins，指物，在定语从句中作介词f的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
40. ________ (pessimistic) see the wrld thrugh a lens f lss, understanding that even in the midst f gain, there is always the fear f lss lurking (潜伏) in the shadws. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Pessimists
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：悲观主义者以失去的视角看待世界，他们明白即使在获得之中，也总有一种对失去的恐惧潜伏在暗处。空格处需要填写一个名词作主语，句中“see the wrld thrugh (看待世界)”表明主语指人， pessimistic是形容词，意为“悲观的”，其名词形式 为pessimist，意为“悲观主义者”，由谓语动词see使用了原形可知，主语使用复数形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Pessimists。
第三节 完成句子 （共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
41. After failing the exam, he realized that he needed t ________________________ (认真对待他的作业) and put in mre effrt. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】take his hmewrk seriusly
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：考试不及格后，他意识到自己需要认真对待作业并更加努力。“认真对待”英文表达是 “”，need t d sth.“需要做某事”是固定搭配，因此take用原形；“作业”使用名词hmewrk。故答案为：take his hmewrk seriusly。
42. In tday’s digital age, when infrmatin is readily accessible at yur fingertips, ________________________ (可靠的信息来源) is f vital significance(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】reliable surces f infrmatin
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词，名词。句意：在当今数字时代，信息触手可得，可靠的信息来源至关重要。“可靠的”对应形容词reliable，“来源”对应名词surce，可数名词，应用复数形式，表泛指，“信息”对应名词infrmatin，不可数名词，因此“可靠的信息来源”对应的英文表达是reliable surces f infrmatin。故填reliable surces f infrmatin。
43. Life always ________________________ (会发生一些意想不到的事) fr us, that’s why adaptability is a crucial skill. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】has sme unexpected things in stre
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词，固定短语。句意：人生总是会发生一些意想不到事情，这就是为什么适应能力是项关键技能。“意想不到的事情”可译为“unexpected things”，“发生”可对应固定搭配“in stre”表示“即将发生/等待着”的意思，这个句子描述一个普遍真理，所以使用一般现在时，所以“会发生一些意想不到的事”英文表达是 “has sme unexpected things in stre”。故答案为：has sme unexpected things in stre。
44. Despite pressure t cmprmise, she ________________ (坚持原则) and refused t turn a blind eye t their immral cnduct. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】stuck t her principles
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和名词。尽管面临妥协的压力，她仍坚持原则，拒绝对他们不道德的行为视而不见。表示“坚持”对应动词短语“stick t”，表示“她的”应用her；表示“原则”应用principle，此处用复数形式表泛指，根据refused可知，句子时态为一般过去时。故答案为：stuck t her principles。
45. Fr all t truly benefit humans, develpers must ________________ (践行诚实正直的美德) by priritizing penness ver prfit. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】practice the virtue f hnesty and integrity
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：为了让一切真正造福人类，开发者必须通过优先考虑开放性而非利润来践行诚实正直的美德。“践行”可用动词practice，在句中作谓语，情态动词must后接动词原形。“诚实正直的美德”译为the virtue f hnesty and integrity，作宾语。故填practice the virtue f hnesty and integrity。
46. The recent ecnmic dwnturn can ________________ (解释) the decline in cnsumer spending. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】accunt fr
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：近期的经济低迷可以解释消费者支出的下降。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用accunt fr或explain，但accunt fr更强调“说明原因”，常用于正式语境，更符合经济分析的表达习惯，位于情态动词后面，使用动词原形。故填accunt fr。
47. The fact that he had lied t his parents ________________________ (让他内心十分不安), keeping him wide awake at night. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】weighed heavily n his mind
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：他向父母撒谎的事实让他内心十分不安，整夜辗转难眠。根据汉语提示“让某人内心十分不安”应用动词短语weigh heavily n ne’s mind，此处对应的形容词性物主代词是his，句子描述过去的事实，因为谓语使用一般过去时。故答案是weighed heavily n his mind。
48. He studied abrad ________________ different educatinal appraches (带着整合不同教育方式的目的) and bringing back nvel ideas t his hme cuntry. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】with the aim f integrating
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语及动词。句意：他出国留学，旨在整合不同的教育方式，并将新理念带回祖国。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处表示“带着……的目的”，应用介词短语with the aim f…，“整合”译为 integrate，介词f后需接动名词形式。故填with the aim f integrating。
49. The father ________________________ (同意他儿子和笔友通信) his pen pal frm a different cuntry, believing it wuld braden his hrizns and imprve his language skills. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】allwed his sn t crrespnd with
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：父亲同意他儿子和来自不同国家的笔友通信，认为这会拓宽他的视野并提高他的语言技能。“同意某人做某事”用动词短语“allw sb. t d sth.”来表达，allw是谓语动词，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态allwed；宾语“他儿子”用his sn；“和笔友通信”用动词短语crrespnd with his pen pal，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填allwed his sn t crrespnd with。
50. In ur team, there are a few members ________________________ (无论我说什么都要反对), which creates unnecessary cnflicts. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】wh ppse whatever I say/wh bject t whatever I say
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：在我们的团队中，无论我说什么，都有一些成员反对，这就产生了不必要的冲突。空格处应该用定语从句，对先行词members进行限定说明。“反对”用动词ppse或动词短语bject t作谓语；“无论我说什么”翻译为whatever I say，在从句中作宾语；从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词wh代替先行词members在从句中作主语。故填wh ppse whatever I say/wh bject t whatever I say。
第四节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
语法填空
Trade and curisity have ften frmed the ____51____ (fund) f mankind’s greatest achievements. ____52____ (cmplete) the great map f the wrld was a strng passin fr the peple f early civilizatins. Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east. Hwever, merchants and explrers frm the East set sail frm east t west much ____53____ (early) than Clumbus first did.
In ancient times, silk frm China fund its way verland t India, the Middle East, and Rme, alng ____54____ became knwn as the Silk Rad. A trading rute acrss the sea was als extended alng the casts f the Indian Ocean, centred arund Ceyln (nw Sri Lanka). Here, merchants frm China and many ther places met ____55____ (negtiate) trade deals, ____56____ als led t mre awareness ____57____ each ther’s cultures. Over the centuries further trading allwed mre explratin f the regins t the west f China, as recrded in Du Huan’s Recrd f My Travels in the eighth century.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further develped relatins with these regins. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west n vyages f trade and explratin. These fleets were a sight t behld. Under the cmmand f Zheng He, they set sail frm the Suth China Sea acrss the Indian Ocean t the muth f the Red Sea, ____58____ then t the east cast f Africa. African ryal families sent gifts such as giraffes as ____59____ (gesture) f friendship in return fr gld, silk, and spices. Althugh China _____60_____ (withdraw) frm further expeditins after 1433, these land and sea rutes remained active channels between ther cultures fr centuries.
【答案】51. fundatin
52. T cmplete
53. earlier
54. what 55. t negtiate
56. which 57. f
58. and 59. gestures
60. withdrew
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述贸易与探索推动东西方文明交流，丝绸之路促进文化互通与经济繁荣。
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：贸易和好奇心常常构成了人类最伟大成就的基础。这里需要填写名词作宾语，动词fund名词形式为fundatin。故填fundatin。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：完成世界地图的绘制是早期文明人们的强烈热情。这里需要使用非谓语动词作主语，动名词和不定式都可以作主语，但这里强调未发生的未来行为，即“绘制出世界地图”是人们的强烈的追求，所以这里使用不定式更合适。位于句首，故填T cmplete。
【53题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，东方的商人和探险家们从东向西航行的时间，比哥伦布首次航行要早得多。句中的than表示这里是比较意义，需要使用形容词比较级。故填earlier。
【54题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在古代，中国的丝绸通过陆路传到印度、中东和罗马，这条路线后来被称为丝绸之路。这里使用连接词引导从句作alng的宾语，连接词在从句中作主语，指物，使用what引导。故填what。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人会面商谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。这里使用非谓语动词作目的状语，即“会面的目的是……”。故填t negtiate。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人会面商谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。这里使用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为trade deals，在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用which。故填which。
【57题详解】
考查介词。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人会面商谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。这里需要使用介词f，构成固定搭配awareness f…意为“对……的意识”。故填f。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：在郑和的指挥下，他们从中国南海出发，横跨印度洋到达红海入口，然后再到非洲东海岸。这里需要使用并列连词and，连接t the muth f the Red Sea和then t the east cast f Africa。故填and。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的姿态，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。这里需要使用名词作宾语，“gestures f friendship”意为友谊的姿态，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。故填 gestures。
【60题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：尽管中国在1433年后停止了进一步的远航，但这些陆地和海上路线仍然是其他文化之间活跃的交流渠道，持续了几个世纪。这里填写动词作谓语，时间状语after 1433表明动作发生在过去，需使用一般过去式。故填withdrew。
第四部分 读后续写 （满分25分）
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The car turned nt the familiar rad that led t Grandma’s farm. “Jude, this summer hliday will be a great chance fr yu t stay with yur grandma,” Dad said as he drve. Every mment, we were mving farther away frm the city, the place where I knew hw t d things right.
The car engine wasn’t ff befre Grandma hugged me. I slwly dragged myself ut f the car. “Jude, yu lk unhappy. Why?” Grandma asked. She acted like nthing bad had happened last time. Culd I ask hw much mney her neighbr Mr. Jacksn had lst because f my mistake? Was he still upset with me? “I’m fine,” I answered. “I’m just missing my cmputer camp. Cmputers are smething I’m gd at.” “That sunds disappinting.” Grandma ndded.
I liked visiting the farm during breaks befre I messed things up last summer. Grandma lived alne, and Mr. Jacksn was like family t her. Then ne day I frgt t lck the gate and let the gats int his flwer beds. He lst almst all his rses fr the farmers’ market.
Nw, back at the farm, I felt nervus. I was trying t hide in the rm when I saw Mr. Jacksn! He was pening the dr and calling Grandma. “I need help!” he yelled t her. “Just a secnd fr the freshly harvested rses!” That was when he saw me. I felt my heart tighten and was ready fr his criticism. I deserved it. He had prbably been waiting fr this mment since last summer.
Hwever, Mr. Jacksn greeted me happily, “Great, Jude is here! Yur grandma always tells us yu are a wnderfully cmpetent(有能力的)cmputer prgrammer.” I shk my head. “I am nt cmpetent. I am srry I messed things up.” He was surprised and cmfrted me, “It was an accident. Being cmpetent desn’t mean yu never make mistakes.”
I lked ut f the windw. There were piles f rses waiting t be sld. “Jude, can yu help us? We want t sell rses nline. We have a cmputer and all the parts(零件)fr ur internet cnnectin, but we just can’t set it up,” Grandma asked. N internet. They seemed t live in the twentieth century.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Maybe I culd be smene wh was really cmpetent.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Within a few hurs, rders fr rses flded in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I culd be smene wh was really cmpetent. “I can definitely help with that! Where are the parts?” Fllwing Grandma, I went int the rm, where a cmputer sat surrunded by sme scattered parts. Rlling up my sleeves, I carefully cnnected everything. It was a piece f cake t me. “Dne!” I annunced cnfidently. After a few adjustments, the internet was up and running. Nw it was time t sell the rses. I decided t start frm my scial media platfrm. I quickly upladed phts, added descriptins, and set prices. Befre lng, ntificatins started shwing up — peple were nticing. My abilities made a difference!(96词)
Within a few hurs, rders fr rses flded in. “This is amazing, Jude!” Grandma cheered with jy as she began bustling abut, packing flwers. Mr. Jacksn chuckled warmly as he handed me anther bunch t label. The energy was electric — everyne was n their feet, mving quickly t keep up with the grwing rders. The farm felt alive, and s did I. T ur surprise, the rses sld ut in just half a day. “Yu’ve brught the farm int the twenty-first century, Jude,” Grandma hugged me tightly. I realized that being cmpetent wasn’t abut aviding mistakes. It was abut facing them head-n and making the mst f my strengths.(100词)
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了暑假爸爸带Jude去奶奶的农场，但Jude去年在农场时因忘记锁门，导致山羊进了奶奶邻居Jacksn先生的花田，最后毁了所有的玫瑰花，现在Jacksn回到农场感到紧张，Jude在Jacksn先生来找奶奶帮忙时试图躲避，Jacksn却很高兴见到他并说去年只是一次意外，奶奶询问擅长电脑的Jude是否能帮忙在网上卖玫瑰花。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“也许我可以成为一个真正有能力的人。”可知，第一段可描写Jude组装电脑并开始在网上卖玫瑰花。
②由第二段首句内容“几个小时内，订购玫瑰订单如潮水般涌来。”可知，第二段可描写玫瑰花很快被卖完以及Jude的感悟。
2.续写线索：组装电脑——开始在网上售卖——接到大量订单——大家为订单忙碌——玫瑰花售空——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①宣布：annunce/declare
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③意识到：realize/be aware
情绪类
①喜悦：jy/delight/happiness
②惊讶：surprise/astnishment
【点睛】[高分句型1] Fllwing Grandma, I went int the rm, where a cmputer sat surrunded by sme scattered parts.（由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Mr. Jacksn chuckled warmly as he handed me anther bunch t label.（由从属连词as引导时间状语从句）