江苏省无锡市梁溪区部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份江苏省无锡市梁溪区部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力 （略）
第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Between 1901 and 2023, the Nbel Prizes and the Nbel Memrial Prize in Ecnmic Sciences were awarded 621 times t 1,000 peple and rganizatins. With sme receiving the Nbel Prize mre than nce, this makes a ttal f 965 individuals and 27 rganizatins. Belw, yu can view the full list f 2023 Nbel Prizes and Nbel Prize winners.
The Nbel Prize in Physics 2023
Pierre Agstini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “fr experimental methds that generate attsecnd pulses (脉冲) f light fr the study f electrn dynamics in matter”
The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine 2023
Katalin Karik and Drew Weissman “fr their discveries cncerning DNA that enabled the develpment f effective vaccines (疫苗) against COVID-19”
The Nbel Prize in Chemistry 2023
Mungi G. Bawendi, Luis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimv “fr the discvery and cmbinatin f quantum dts (量子点)”
The Nbel Prize in Literature 2023
Jn Fsse “fr his innvative wrks which give vice t the unsayable”
The Nbel Peace Prize 2023
Narges Mhammadi “fr her fight against the unfair and cruel treatment f wmen in Iran and her fight t prmte human rights and freedm fr all”
The Nble Memrial Prize in Ecnmic Sciences 2023
Claudia Gldin “fr having advanced ur understanding f wmen’s labur market utcmes”
Fr further infrmatin, yu can click here.
1. Whse achievement directly cntributes t peple’s heath?
A. Pierre Agstini.B. Katalin Karikó.
C. Alexei I. Ekimv.D. Jn Fsse.
2. What d the last tw winners have in cmmn?
A. They make breakthrughs in scientific field.
B. They shw cncern fr wmen’s cnditin.
C. They cnduct their research in Asian cuntries.
D. They fight fr the freedm f wrking wmen.
3. Where is the article prbably taken frm?
A. A science website.B. A literary magazine.
C. A research paper.D. A science textbk.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了2023 年诺贝尔奖和诺贝尔奖获得者的完整名单。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine 2023部分中“Katalin Karik and Drew Weissman “fr their discveries cncerning DNA that enabled the develpment f effective vaccines (疫苗) against COVID-19”(Katalin Karik 和 Drew Weissman “发现有关DNA的东西，使开发针对COVID-19 的有效疫苗成为可能”)”可知，Katalin Karikó的成就直接有助于人类的健康，故选B。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据The Nbel Peace Prize 2023中的“Narges Mhammadi “fr her fight against the unfair and cruel treatment f wmen in Iran and her fight t prmte human rights and freedm fr all”(纳尔吉斯·穆罕默迪“为反对伊朗妇女受到不公平和残酷待遇而进行的斗争以及为促进所有人的人权和自由而进行的斗争”)”和The Nble Memrial Prize in Ecnmic Sciences 2023中的“Claudia Gldin “fr having advanced ur understanding f wmen’s labur market utcmes”(克劳迪娅·戈尔丁“增进了我们对女性劳动力市场结果的理解”)”可知，最后两位获胜者的共同点是都关心女性的状况。故选B。
【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Belw, yu can view the full list f 2023 Nbel Prizes and Nbel Prize winners.(下面，您可以查看 2023 年诺贝尔奖和诺贝尔奖获得者的完整名单。)”和最后一段“Fr further infrmatin, yu can click here.(欲了解更多信息，您可以点击此处。)”可推知，文章可能选自一个科学网站，故选A。
B
Tens f thusands f hneybees in Spain’s Canary Islands can nw add “survived a vlcan (火山)” t their wish list.
A reprt n Saturday tld the stry f five hives (蜂箱) f hneybees that were left unattended fr abut 50 days after the eruptin (爆发) f a vlcan in La Palma. Their beekeeper had been frced t leave the area. When the beekeeper returned, he fund the hives cvered in vlcanic ash (灰).
Inside the hives, hwever, the situatin was cmpletely different. T the beekeeper’s surprise, he fund tens f thusands f live hneybees, wh had managed t carry n despite the heat and harmful gases released by the vlcan. They may have als gtten lucky because they were cvered with light ash with small hles, which allwed air t pass thrugh the hives.
Antni Quesada said that a key part f the bees’ survival was prplis (蜂胶). Prduced by bees, prplis is a sticky thing made frm resins(树脂) the insects cllect frm plants. Often called “bee glue,” prplis is ften used t smth surfaces r cver the space in hives.
Quesada said the La Palma bees managed t seal (密封) themselves inside their hives t prtect themselves frm the vlcanic gases, which can be harmful t peple, animals, plants, and buildings.
“It’s unbelievable hw such a tiny animal that has been arund fr hundreds f thusands f years can have that ability t survive,” Quesada said.
That’s nt all they did, thugh. Althugh they sealed themselves in their hives, they made sure t leave a very small pathway t the utside s they culd get ut ne day.
4. What might the underlined wrd “unattended” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Dead.B. Lucky.C. Alne.D. Hmeless.
5. What surprised the beekeeper?
A. His beehives were cvered with vlcanic ash.
B. His bees remained alive under the vlcanic ash.
C. His bees warned him f the eruptin f the vlcan.
D. His beehives remained unchanged in the vlcanic lava.
6. What des Quesada think abut the five hives f bees?
A. They’re fearful.B. They’re unlucky.
C. They’re hnest.D. They’re admirable.
7. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Bees were rescued timely.B. Bees survived a vlcan.
C. Bees benefited frm prplis.D. A huge vlcan happened.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是有五个没人管的蜂箱的蜜蜂在遇到火山爆发后奇迹般地活了下来。
【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“their beekeeper had been frced t leave the area(养蜂人被迫离开该地区)”可知，养蜂人离开了，所以那些蜜蜂没人管，划线词unattended的意思是“无人看管的”，和Alne意思相近。故选C。
【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“T the beekeeper’s surprise, he fund tens f thusands f live hneybees, wh had managed t carry n despite the heat and harmful gases released by the vlcan.(令养蜂人惊讶的是，他发现了成千上万只活蜜蜂，尽管火山释放出热量和有害气体，它们还是设法生存了下来。)”可知，让养蜂人吃惊的是他的蜜蜂在火山灰下仍然活着。故选B。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Quesada said the La Palma bees managed t seal (密封) themselves inside their hives t prtect themselves frm the vlcanic gases, which can be harmful t peple, animals, plants, and buildings.(Quesada说，La Palma蜜蜂设法将自己封闭在蜂巢里，以保护自己免受火山气体的伤害，火山气体可能对人类、动物、植物和建筑物有害)”和倒数第二段““It’s unbelievable hw such a tiny animal that has been arund fr hundreds f thusands f years can have that ability t survive,” Quesada said.(Quesada说：“令人难以置信的是，这样一种已经存在了数十万年的小动物竟然有这种生存能力。”)”可知，Quesada认为这五个蜂箱的蜜蜂是令人钦佩的，故选D。
【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“T the beekeeper’s surprise, he fund tens f thusands f live hneybees, wh had managed t carry n despite the heat and harmful gases released by the vlcan.(令养蜂人惊讶的是，他发现了成千上万只活蜜蜂，尽管火山释放出热量和有害气体，它们还是设法生存了下来)”可知，本文主要讲的是有五个没人管的蜂箱的蜜蜂在遇到火山爆发后奇迹般地活了下来，因此最好的标题是B选项“蜜蜂从火山中幸存下来”。故选B。
C
In the frest, trees ften give each ther space t reach fr the sky, a habit that humans can learn frm when it cmes t setting persnal bundaries.
Next time yu g fr a walk in a frest r wdland take a mment t lk abve yu. Yu might find that the crwn(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tps f the trees. This phenmenn has been dcumented wrldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crwn shyness”. It happens when trees appear t give each ther space.
Even when trees grw clse tgether, they shw a mutual (相互的）respect and ffer benefits. This is true in the case f “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with ne resistant t disease, it shares the advantages f its friend. Maintaining healthy bundaries help trees t maintain gd health, manage resurces and prtect the frest as a whle.
When humans fail t respect bundaries, the emtinal and physical resurces f individuals, and the cmmunity can be affected. In this sense, a bundary is a cnceptual brder. It helps t establish where yu end and ther peple begin. It means taking respnsibility fr nly yur wn emtins and actins, nt ther peple’s. Yu culd think f yur bundaries as a mat (护城河）arund yur castle, cmplete with a drawbridge that can be lwered r raised. As the gatekeeper f yur castle, yu decide wh and what cmes in and when.
Of curse, marking ut bundaries takes time, and sme peple might be unhappy abut any changes yu make. Establishing a clear line between yu and the rest f the wrld, hwever, is essential fr building the self-wrth and self-care needed t functin at yur best in relatinships.
8. What is “crwn shyness”?
A. A crwn with channel-like gaps.
B. A frest with umbrella-shaped crwns.
C. A behavir that trees give each ther space.
D. A phenmenn that trees cmpete fr space.
9. Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 3?
A. By telling a stry.
B. By giving an example.
C. By defining a cncept.
D. By making a cmparisn.
10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The effects f ignring bundaries.
B. The meaning f taking respnsibilities.
C. The imprtance f setting persnal bundaries.
D. The methds f managing individual resurces.
11. What is the authr’s attitude t marking ut a bundary?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Cnservative.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述人与人之间要建立界限。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Yu might find that the crwn(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tps f the trees. This phenmenn has been dcumented wrldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crwn shyness”. It happens when trees appear t give each ther space.”(你可能会发现王冠就像一把令人窒息的伞，在树顶之间有沟壑状的缝隙。自20世纪20年代以来，这种现象在世界范围内都有记录，被称为“王冠性羞怯”。当树木互相给予空间时就会发生这种情况。)可知，“crwn shyness”是树木在生长过程中的相互给与对方空间的行为。故选C。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Even when trees grw clse tgether, they shw a mutual (相互的）respect and ffer benefits. This is true in the case f “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with ne resistant t disease, it shares the advantages f its friend. Maintaining healthy bundaries help trees t maintain gd health, manage resurces and prtect the frest as a whle.”(即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。“已婚”的树就是这样——一棵树与一棵抗病树缠结在一起，它就分享了它的朋友的优势。保持健康的边界有助于树木保持良好的健康，管理资源和保护整个森林。)可知，这一段通过用“已婚”的树做例子来证明即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。故选B。
【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“When humans fail t respect bundaries, the emtinal and physical resurces f individuals, and the cmmunity can be affected. In this sense, a bundary is a cnceptual brder. It helps t establish where yu end and ther peple begin. It means taking respnsibility fr nly yur wn emtins and actins, nt ther peple’s. Yu culd think f yur bundaries as a mat (护城河）arund yur castle, cmplete with a drawbridge that can be lwered r raised. As the gatekeeper f yur castle, yu decide wh and what cmes in and when.”(当人类不尊重界限时，个人的情感和物质资源，以及社区都会受到影响。在这个意义上，边界是一个概念上的边界。它有助于建立你的结束和其他人的开始。这意味着只对自己的情绪和行为负责，而不是别人的。你可以把你的边界想象成城堡周围的护城河，有一座吊桥可以升降。作为你城堡的守门人，你决定谁进来，什么时候进来。)可知，这一段主要陈述建立边界的重要性体现。故选C。
【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of curse, marking ut bundaries takes time, and sme peple might be unhappy abut any changes yu make. Establishing a clear line between yu and the rest f the wrld, hwever, is essential fr building the self-wrth and self-care needed t functin at yur best in relatinships.”(当然，划清界限需要时间，有些人可能会对你做的任何改变感到不满。然而，在你和世界其他地方之间建立一条清晰的界线，对于建立自我价值和自我照顾是必不可少的，这些都是你在人际关系中处于最佳状态所必需的。)可知，作者对于人与人之间划清界限是支持的态度。故选A。
D
Humans can make d with scarves, cats and glves in cld weather. Sme animals can hibernate (冬眠) fr the winter. A new study finds that reptiles (爬行动物) and birds d smething that is similar t hibernatin, but a little different. In very cld weather, their bdy temperatures greatly drp int an energy-saving state in rder t survive. The ability t thermregulatin (体温调节) fr reptiles and birds is pssible.
In Texas, where the city f Beaumnt reached a lw f 18 degrees Fahrenheit last mnth, it lked as if alligatrs (短吻鳄) had died f cld — yet alive in iced-ver water. By ensuring their lng nses stayed abve the water line, the cld-blded creatures were able t lwer their bdy temperatures t survive the sudden shrt perid f very cld weather. The prcess, in the case f cld-blded animals like reptiles, is called brumatin — it’s like a shrt state f hibernating. While in this state, reptiles becme sleepy and they can g fr a lng time withut eating r drinking. Fr example, alligatrs can be in brumatin frm just a few hurs t mnths.
Like reptiles and mammals, birds can g int a state called trpr in rder t save energy under very cld cnditins. “Trpr is smewhere between a shrt sleep and hibernatin,” said Justin Baldwin, a PhD candidate in bilgy at Washingtn University in St. Luis. Baldwin studied 29 species f hummingbirds living in Clmbia. Researchers fund that hummingbirds can enter int deep r shallw trpr, depending n several factrs, including their size and weather cnditins. In deep trpr, the birds are much mre likely t be affected by disease. And what’s mre, they wuld be easily harmed by their enemies.
Sme bird lvers want t help the birds when they are in trpr. Fr example, the Bird Alliance f Oregn ffers a few tips n hw t keep the birds frm danger.
12. What des the new study shw?
A. Bdy temperature is imprtant fr animals.
B. Thermregulatin exists in reptiles and birds.
C. Reptiles and birds’ thermregulatin is unusual.
D. Bdy temperature drps greatly during reptiles and birds’ sleep.
13. What can we learn abut alligatrs in paragraph 2?
A. They are active in brumatin.
B. They are dead in cld weather.
C. They face extinctin in cld weather.
D. They eat and drink nthing in brumatin.
14. What des the authr want t say abut the birds in deep trpr?
A. They can get enugh sleep.B. They may harm ther birds.
C. They may waste plenty f energy.D. They may be under threat.
15. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. Risks f animal hibernatin.
B. His pinins f the study abut birds.
C. Sme detailed measures t prtect the birds in trpr.
D. Other prblems raised by cld weather.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了爬行动物和鸟类为了度过寒冷的冬天，也会产生类似于冬眠的行为。
【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new study finds that reptiles (爬行动物) and birds d smething that is similar t hibernatin, but a little different. In very cld weather, their bdy temperatures greatly drp int an energy-saving state in rder t survive. The ability t thermregulatin (体温调节) fr reptiles and birds is pssible.(一项新的研究发现，爬行动物和鸟类做的事情与冬眠相似，但略有不同。在非常寒冷的天气里，为了生存，它们的体温会大幅下降，进入节能状态。爬行动物和鸟类的体温调节能力是可能的。)”可知，爬行动物和鸟类也有体温调节功能。故选B。
【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The prcess, in the case f cld-blded animals like reptiles, is called brumatin—it’s like a shrt state f hibernating. While in this state, reptiles becme sleepy and they can g fr a lng time withut eating r drinking.(对于爬行动物这样的冷血动物来说，这个过程被称为冬化——就像短暂的冬眠状态。在这种状态下，爬行动物变得困倦，它们可以长时间不吃不喝。)”可知，作为爬行动物的短吻鳄在半冬眠状态下，能够长时间不吃不喝。故选D。
【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And what’s mre, they wuld be easily harmed by their enemies.(更重要的是，他们很容易受到敌人的伤害。)”可知，在深度麻痹的状态下，鸟类可能会遭受天敌的伤害。故选D。
【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sme bird lvers want t help the birds when they are in trpr. Fr example, the Bird Alliance f Oregn ffers a few tips n hw t keep the birds frm danger.(一些鸟类爱好者想要在鸟类处于麻木状态时帮助它们。例如，俄勒冈州鸟类联盟就如何保护鸟类免受危险提供了一些建议。)”可知，爱鸟人士会保护鸟类，同时有机构也提出一些保护建议。因此作者接下来会继续谈论保护鸟类的一些措施。故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lightning (闪电) is a beautiful and inspiring phenmenn, but it can be deadly. Over the past 30 years, lightning has killed an average f 67 peple per year in the United States alne. ____16____. Fllw these steps t safety the next time there’s fire in the sky.
Find shelter immediately
If yu find yurself caught in a lightning strm, never stand under a tree, and avid being clse t pwer lines as they’re bth excellent cnductrs (导体) f electricity and culd ptentially cause death, if nt serius injury. ____17____. It’s the key t minimizing danger.
Watch ut fr dangers
Windws prvide a direct path fr the lightning t travel. Keep windws clsed, stay away frm them and try t stay within inner rms f the structure. ____18____ Using a landline phne is the main cause f lightning-related injuries. Lightning can travel int the hme frm thrugh any material that cnducts electricity. This includes landlines, electrical wiring, and plumbing.
____19____
Being near water is extremely dangerus during a lightning strm, s mve away frm the bdy f water. If yu are fishing, swimming r n a bat, get ut f the water immediately and hurry back t the bank.
Stay inside
Stay inside at least 30 minutes after the last strike. Dn’t g ut just because the rain is starting t let up. There is still a significant risk f lightning strikes frm a departing strm. ____20____.
Lightning is dangerus but yu can minimize yur risk. The advice is simple: increase the awareness f aviding danger and master prper knwledge t prtect yurself frm a thunderstrm.
A. Get away frm the water
B. Prepare enugh water
C. G t hspital quickly
D. Dn’t tuch anything metal r electrical
E. Find shelter near r under a stny shelter
F. Wait fr news that the danger has passed
G. Frtunately, mst lightning-related deaths are preventable
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. D 19. A 20. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们避免被闪电袭击。
【16题详解】根据空前内容“Lightning (闪电) is a beautiful and inspiring phenmenn, but it can be deadly. Over the past 30 years, lightning has killed an average f 67 peple per year in the United States alne.(闪电是一种美丽而鼓舞人心的现象，但它可能是致命的。在过去的30年里，仅在美国，每年平均有67人死于闪电)”可知，闪电非常危险。选项G“Frtunately, mst lightning-related deaths are preventable(幸运的是，大多数与雷击有关的死亡是可以预防的)”承上启下，自然引出下文“Fllw these steps t safety the next time there’s fire in the sky.(下次有闪电的时候，按照这些步骤去保证安全)”。故选G。
【17题详解】根据上文内容“If yu find yurself caught in a lightning strm, never stand under a tree, and avid being clse t pwer lines as they’re bth excellent cnductrs (导体) f electricity and culd ptentially cause death, if nt serius injury. (如果你发现自己置于雷雨中，千万不要站在树下，避免靠近电线，因为它们都是优秀的导电体，如果不是严重伤害，也有可能导致死亡)”可知，在雷雨天，我们要避免靠近电线，远离树木。选项E“Find shelter near r under a stny shelter(在石头掩蔽处附近或下面寻找掩蔽处)”是上文内容的自然延续，指出在雷雨天，我们不能站在树下，要避免靠近电线，同时寻找适当的掩蔽处。故选E。
【18题详解】根据空后内容“Using a landline phne is the main cause f lightning-related injuries. Lightning can travel int the hme frm thrugh any material that cnducts electricity. This includes landlines, electrical wiring, and plumbing.(使用固定电话是雷击相关伤害的主要原因。闪电可以穿过任何导电材料进入家中。这包括固定电话、电线和管道)”可知，闪电可以穿过任何导电材料进入家中。选项D“Dn’t tuch anything metal r electrical (不要碰任何金属或电)”与下文内容一致，指的是在雷雨天即便在室内，也不要碰任何金属或电，这些都可能使你遭遇闪电袭击。故选D。
【19题详解】空处为本段小标题，为本段主要内容。根据本段内容“Being near water is extremely dangerus during a lightning strm, s mve away frm the bdy f water. If yu are fishing, swimming r n a bat, get ut f the water immediately and hurry back t the bank.(在雷暴期间，靠近水是非常危险的，所以远离水体。如果你正在钓鱼、游泳或在船上，请立即离开水，并迅速回到岸上)”可知，本段讲述的是在雷雨天我们要远离水体。选项A“Get away frm the water (远离水)”正是本段主要内容。故选A。
【20题详解】根据上文“Stay inside at least 30 minutes after the last strike. Dn’t g ut just because the rain is starting t let up. There is still a significant risk f lightning strikes frm a departing strm.(在最后一次袭击后至少待在室内30分钟。不要因为雨开始小了就出去。离开的风暴仍有很大的雷击风险)”可知，不要雨小了就出去，此时仍然有危险。选项F“Wait fr news that the danger has passed (等待危险过去的消息)”是上文内容的延续，指的是不要着急出去，要待在室内等着危险已经过去的消息。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用 （共四节，满分50分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After my diagnsis (诊断) with a cancer, I lved the ____21____ f having smething new and green arund. My wife, Hannah, bught me what she said was a lucky bamb plant in a deep-green pttery bwl. We placed the plant in the living rm. I ____22____ every time I lked at it frm the sfa where I spent mst f my time.
I tld Hannah I wanted t ____23____ the plant myself. I was pleased when it didn’t immediately turn yellw r brwn r ____24____ all its leaves.
The cancer ____25____ my ability t walk, and the treatment left me ____26____, making it hard fr me t perfrm everyday tasks. Since my diagnsis in August 2018, far t ften, it seemed that I had t depend n help frm ther peple. The huge ____27____ left me feeling upset. ____28____, caring fr the plant gave me a sense f ____29____ at a time when I smetimes felt ____30____.
Befre I fell sick, I had wrked as a family dctr. I was used t being the ne wh ____31____ care, nt the ne wh received it. Watering the plant, as small an act as it was, cnnected me t my ld ____32____ and taught me l culd still be a caregiver. Plants and ____33____ culd still depend n me.
Over the next few mnths, I recvered frm surgery and ____34____ wrk. Nw I keep a few pts f lucky bamb in my clinic. Smetimes, I will give ne t my patients, telling them, “Take care f it. It ____35____ yu!”
21. A. ideaB. phtC. cnclusinD. stry
22. A. criedB. nddedC. smiledD. escaped
23. A. hunt frB. wish frC. call frD. care fr
24. A. grwB. lseC. decrateD. shake
25. A. limitedB. strengthenedC. questinedD. shwed
26. A. hpefulB. painlessC. weakD. energetic
27. A. successB. changeC. supprtD. failure
28. A. BesidesB. FinallyC. HweverD. Therefre
29. A. achievementB. clsenessC. humurD. adventure
30. A. prudB. uselessC. amazedD. equal
31. A. acceptedB. apprachedC. requiredD. prvided
32. A. purpseB. persnalityC. dreamD. identity
33. A. pepleB. memriesC. jbsD. diseases
34. A. insisted nB. gave upC. returned tD. resulted in
35. A. bservesB. needsC. cnnectsD. respects
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者患病后的生活变化以及通过照顾植物获得的精神慰藉和自我价值感的过程，展现了面对疾病时的乐观态度和生活感悟。
【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我被诊断出患有癌症后，我喜欢周围有一些新鲜绿色的东西的想法。A. idea主意，想法；B. pht照片；C. cnclusin结论；D. stry故事。根据下文“having smething new and green arund”可知，作者喜欢周围有一些新鲜绿色的东西的想法。故选A。
【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次从沙发上看向植物时，我都会微笑。A. cried哭泣；B. ndded点头；C. smiled微笑；D. escaped逃跑。根据上文“We placed the plant in the living rm”和下文“every time I lked at it frm the sfa where I spent mst f my time.”可知，看着植物让自己感到愉悦，因此作者会微笑。故选C。
【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉汉娜我想亲自照料这株植物。A. hunt fr寻找；B. wish fr希望得到；C. call fr呼吁；D. care fr照顾，照料。根据下文“the plant myself”可知，作者是想亲自照料植物。故选D。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴它没有立即变黄或变棕，也没有失去叶子。A. grw生长；B. lse失去；C. decrate装饰；D. shake摇晃。根据上文“was pleased when it didn’t immediately turn yellw r brwn r”和下文“all its leaves”可知，植物没有出现不良状况，此处指没有失去叶子。故选B。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：癌症限制了我的行走能力，治疗使我变得虚弱，使我难以完成日常任务。A. limited限制；B. strengthened加强；C. questined质疑；D. shwed展示。根据上文“The cancer”和下文“my ability t walk”可知，癌症限制了作者行走的能力。故选A。
【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hpeful有希望的；B. painless无痛的；C. weak虚弱的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文“making it hard fr me t perfrm everyday tasks”可知，治疗癌症使作者虚弱，很难完成日常任务。故选C。
【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种巨大的变化让我感到沮丧。A. success成功；B. change变化；C. supprt支持；D. failure失败。根据上文“Since my diagnsis in August 2018, far t ften, it seemed that I had t depend n help frm ther peple. The huge”可知，作者的这种变化使作者感到不安。故选B。
【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，照顾植物给了我一种成就感，在我有时觉得自己无用的时候。A. Besides此外；B. Finally最后；C. Hwever然而；D. Therefre因此。根据上文“The huge left me feeling upset.”和下文“caring fr the plant gave me a sense f at a time when I smetimes felt .”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，此处用Hwever表示转折。故选C。
【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. achievement成就；B. clseness亲密；C. humur幽默；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“it didn’t immediately turn yellw r brwn r all its leaves.”可知，作者照料植物很成功，所以让作者有一种成就感。故选A。
【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prud自豪的；B. useless无用的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“it seemed that I had t depend n help frm ther peple”和“when I smetimes felt”可知，生病后作者有时感觉自己变得无用。故选B。
【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我习惯于成为那个提供护理的人，而不是接受护理的人。A. accepted接受；B. apprached接近；C. required要求；D. prvided提供。根据上文“Befre I fell sick, I had wrked as a family dctr.”和下文“care, nt the ne wh received it”可知，作为家庭医生，自己习惯于提供医疗服务。故选D。
【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：浇水这样的小事把我与以前的身份联系起来，教会了我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. purpse目的；B. persnality个性；C. dream梦想；D. identity身份。根据上文“Watering the plant, as small an act as it was, cnnected me t my ld”可知，浇水的行为让自己回想起作为医生的身份。故选D。
【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：植物和人们仍然可以依赖我。A. peple人们；B. memries记忆；C. jbs工作；D. diseases疾病。根据上文“I culd still be a caregiver”和下文“culd still depend n me.”可知，作者仍然可以成为一名照顾者，植物和人们都可以依靠作者。故选A。
【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，我从手术中恢复过来，并重返工作岗位。A. insisted n坚持；B. gave up放弃；C. returned t返回；D. resulted in导致。根据上文“Over the next few mnths, I recvered frm surgery and”可知，作者从病中恢复，重新回到工作中。故选C。
【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会把一盆幸运竹送给我的病人，告诉他们：“好好照顾它。它需要你！”A. bserves观察；B. needs需要；C. cnnects连接；D. respects尊敬。根据上文“Nw I keep a few pts f lucky bamb in my clinic. Smetimes, I will give ne t my patients, telling them, “Take care f it. It”可知，作者给病人植物，说植物需要那个病人。故选B。
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读以下短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Travels f Xu Xiake is a travel nte ___36___ (create) by Xu Xiake, ___37___ gegrapher in the Ming Dynasty. After 34 years f travel, Xu Xiake left mre than 600,000 Chinese wrds f travel ntes. After his death, the materials were cllected int Xu Xiake’s Travels by thers.
This bk is the first wrk t systematically investigate China’s gemrphlgy (水文地质学) and gelgy (地理学). In additin, the beautiful wrds als make it a masterpiece f literature, ___38___ is f great value in gegraphy and literature.
The fresh and beautiful writing style used t describe things in The Travels f Xu Xiake ___39___ (make) readers lve it. The ___40___ (describe) f the scenery is nt nly clse t reality, but als very accurate. Mdern science and technlgy has als cnfirmed the accuracy f Xu Xiake’s recrds f gelgical landfrm and rck landscape.
The histrical value f The Travels f Xu Xiake cvers a wide range ___41___ levels. Apart frm the bservatin f muntain landfrm, he als has ___42___ (detail) recrds n hydrlgical (水文学) distributin, river surce explratin and the experience f the relatinship between landscape and climate.
Frm these rich ___43___ (cntent), this travel nte can leave a name in histry. It is cnsidered t be a wrk ___44___ (cver) literature and Science in the late Ming Dynasty.
The day f the first chapter f The Travels f Xu Xiake (May 19) is _____45_____ (fficial) named as China’s Turism Day.
【答案】36. created 37. a 38. which 39. makes 40. descriptin 41. f 42. detailed 43. cntents 44. cvering 45. fficially
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了明代地理学家徐霞客创作的《徐霞客游记》。
【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：《徐霞客游记》是明代地理学家徐霞客创作的游记。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词a travel nte与create是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填created。
【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：《徐霞客游记》是明代地理学家徐霞客创作的游记。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。此处介绍徐霞客的身份，表示“一个”，故用不定冠词。gegrapher的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。名词短语a gegrapher in the Ming Dynasty作Xu Xiake的同位语。故填a。
【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，优美的文字也使它成为文学的杰作，在地理和文学上都具有重要的价值。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句。先行词为masterpiece，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【39题详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：《徐霞客游记》中描写事物的清新优美的文笔让读者爱不释手。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语The fresh and beautiful writing style表示单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
【40题详解】考查名词。句意：对景物的描写不仅贴近现实，而且十分准确。根据空格前的The可知，此处应填名词作主语，describe的名词形式descriptin符合题意，意为“描述”。故填descriptin。
【41题详解】考查介词。句意：《徐霞客游记》的历史价值涉及多个层面。此处为固定搭配a wide range f，意为“各种各样的”。故填f。
【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：除了对山地地貌的观察，他还对水文分布、河源勘探以及景观与气候关系的经历有详细的记录。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词recrds。detail的形容词形式detailed符合题意，意为“详细的”。故填detailed。
【43题详解】考查名词的数。句意：从这些丰富的内容来看，这篇游记可以青史留名。根据空格前的these可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填cntents。
【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一部涵盖晚明文学和科学的著作。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。a wrk与cver是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填cvering。
【45题详解】考查副词。句意：《徐霞客游记》第一章的第一天（5月19日）被正式命名为中国旅游日。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语修饰is named，故用fficially，意为“正式地”。故填fficially。
第三节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
46. The dctr said he had a very small chance f ________ (survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】survival
【详解】考查名词。句意：医生说他活下来的机会很小。空格处用名词作宾语，句子表示“医生说他活下来的机会很小”，空格处意为“幸存”，名词是survival，是不可数名词，故填survival。
47. The ________ (majr) f peple pay fr things n their smartphnes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】majrity
【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数人在智能手机上付款。短语the majrity f意为“大多数，许多”，固定搭配。故填majrity。
48. In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, ne f the mst ________ (destry) hurricanes in America histry, hit the suth-eastern parts f the cuntry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destructive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：2005年8月下旬，卡特里娜飓风，美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一袭击了该国东南部地区。设空处使用destry的形容词destructive作定语，修饰hurricanes。故填destructive。
49. What cntributed greatly t lcal ________ (ecnmy) develpment? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ecnmic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：什么对当地经济发展贡献最大？设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词develpment，形容词ecnmic“经济的”符合题意。故填ecnmic。
50. The number f peple living in ________ (pr) has drpped significantly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】pverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：贫困人口大幅减少。设空处使用pr的名词pverty作宾语，意为“贫困”，其为不可数名词。故填pverty。
51. Unless ________ (invite), I wn’t g t Jack’s graduatin party. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】invited
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请，否则我不会去参加杰克的毕业晚会。本句为条件状语从句的省略句，完整的句子为unless I am invited，从句主语与主句主语相同，且动词为be动词，这时省略主语和be动词，I与invite之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。故填invited。
52. ________ (wait) fr the bus, I met an ld friend f mine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在等公共汽车的时候，我遇到了我的一位老朋友。句中met为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，I与wait之间是主动，且表示动作正在发生，故使用现在分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Waiting。
53. The bridge ________ (build) will shrten the driving distance between the tw villages. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being built
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在修建的桥将缩短这两个村庄之间的行车距离。句中will shrten为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示“正在被建的桥”，build与bridge之间是被动关系，同时该动作正在进行，故使用现在分词的被动结构作后置定语。故填being built。
54. The prfessr entered the hall, ________ (fllw) by a grup f students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fllwed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教授走进大厅，后面跟着一群学生。本句已有谓语动词entered，所以fllw用非谓语形式，根据空后的by可知，用过去分词表被动。故填fllwed。
55. Thugh ________ (live) near the cinema, I seldm g there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】living
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然住得离电影院很近，但我很少去那里。设空处与前文的thugh构成状语从句的省略结构，完整的句子结构为thugh I am living near the camera，此处主句主语与从句主语一致，主语I与live之间是主动关系，从句中主语和be可以省略。故填living。
第四节 （共5小：题：每小题2分，满分10分）
56. 这份工作需要付出很多努力，但是值得。（invlve） （汉译英）
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【答案】The jb invlves a lt f effrt, but it’s wrth it.
【详解】考查动词时态和形容词。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。“需要”表达为动词invlve，主语为“这份工作”用the jb，为单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数；“很多努力”表达为名词短语a lt f effrt，作宾语；表示“但是”用but；“值得”表达为be wrth。故翻译为The jb invlves a lt f effrt, but it’s wrth it.
57. 我的奶奶通过不断摸索才学会使用电脑。 （thrugh trial and errr） （汉译英）
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【答案】My grandmther learned t use the cmputer thrugh trial and errr.
【详解】考查动词时态和介词短语。句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“我的奶奶”用my grandmther作主语；表示“学会做某事”用learn t d sth；表示“使用电脑”用use the cmputer；表示“通过不断摸索”用介词短语thrugh trial and errr，在句中作状语。故翻译为My grandmther learned t use the cmputer thrugh trial and errr.
58. 通往山区的道路因大雪被封闭了。(due t) (汉译英)
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【答案】The rad leading t the muntainus area was clsed due t heavy snw.
【详解】考查名词、动词、介词短语、时态语态和非谓语动词。主语“道路”用名词the rad；“通往山区的”作定语，用现在分词短语leading t the muntainus area表示，作后置定语；谓语“封闭”用动词clse表示，与主语是之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态was clsed；“因大雪”是原因状语，用介词短语due t heavy snw表示。综上，全句译为：The rad leading t the muntainus area was clsed due t heavy snw.
59. 这则新闻报道损害了公司的公众形象。(harm)(汉译英)
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【答案】This news reprt has harmed the cmpany’s public image.
【详解】考查时态。“这则新闻”可翻译为this news reprt，在句中作主语。“损害”用动词harm，在句中作谓语。本句话使用现在完成时态，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。“公司的公众形象”可以翻译为the cmpany’s public image。故翻译为This news reprt has harmed the cmpany’s public image.
60. 工厂宣布他们将削减自行车的产量。 (cut back n) (汉译英)
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【答案】The factry annunced that they wuld cut back n the prductin f bicycles.
【详解】考查动词时态和宾语从句。表示“工厂”用factry，其为句子的主语；表示“宣布……”用annunce...，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时，此处使用that引导宾语从句，作annunce的宾语，解释宣布的内容。表示“削减”用动词短语cut back n，从句表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作故使用过去将来时即wuld d的结构；表示“自行车的产量”用the prductin f bicycles，为名词短语作宾语。故翻译为The factry annunced that they wuld cut back n the prductin f bicycles.
第四部分 写作 （满分20分）
61. 当前由于碳排放量增加，全球变暖不断加剧，成为地球面临的最大威胁之一。现请你代表学生会写一封英文倡议书，呼吁全校师生关爱地球，保护地球环境。内容包括：
1. 现状说明；
2. 具体措施；
3. 发出倡议。
注意： 1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and students,
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Students’ Unin
【答案】Dear fellw students,
Currently, the escalating glbal warming, primarily driven by rising carbn emissins, pses ne f the gravest threats t ur planet. The ice caps are melting, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events are becming mre frequent, endangering ecsystems and human lives.
T cmbat this, we can take several cncrete steps. Firstly, reduce energy cnsumptin by turning ff lights and electrnics when nt in use. Secndly, pt fr sustainable transprtatin methds like walking, biking, r using public transit. Thirdly, minimize waste by recycling and reusing items, and chse ec-friendly prducts.
Let’s jin hands and take immediate actin t care fr ur Earth. Every small effrt cunts twards a greener, healthier planet.
Students’ Unin