2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考通用)阅读理解必练01(学生版+解析)

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【来源】浙江省强基联盟2024-2025学年高三12月联考英语试题
Digital Discvery Wrkshps
PacSci’s Digital Discvery Wrkshps bring unique science experiences t yu n yur wn schedule. PacSci educatrs jin yu live frm ur Digital Learning Studi t engage learners in STEM cncepts thrugh real-time demnstratins, sample clse-ups, and interactive sftware and vides.
Wh Are these fr?
Digital Discvery Wrkshps are designed fr Pre K-12 graders jining frm classrms, after-schl settings, library prgrams, r ther cmmunity grups.
Csts & Bking
·1 - 99 participants:$250
·100 - 199 participants:$350
·200 - 299 participants:$450
·300+ participants:$550
Qualified lw-incme schls may receive up t 100% ff Digital Discvery Wrkshps rates. Prgrams shuld be bked at least 2 weeks in advance. We bk n a rlling calendar year s we can schedule as far in advance as yu like!
Hw They Wrk
·PacSci educatrs send yu a private Zm link, r jin a virtual platfrm f yur chice.
·PacSci educatrs guide participants thrugh demnstratins and activities as they facilitate active student participatin.
·Each prgram includes an ptinal fllw-alng wrksheet, as well as cnnected extensin activities, reading lists, and vides t use befre and after the prgram.
What Yu Will Need
·One shared device with a large screen and speakers r individual devices
·Internet cnnectin
·Access t yur selected virtual platfrm, such as Zm
·A webcam and micrphne n participant device(s)
·An adult r vlunteer must be present t help facilitate
1．What is the aim f the Digital Discvery Wrkshps?
A．T prmte digital learning.B．T imprve science educatin.
C．T discver talented learners.D．T enjy interactive experience.
2．What d we knw the Digital Discvery Wrkshps?
A．They always emply famus educatrs.B．They cver full csts n sme cnditins.
C．They accept advance bking at any time.D．They are apprpriate fr university students.
3．What are participants expected t d?
A．Share persnal devices.B．Access ppular platfrms.
C．Engage with assistance.D．Take phts via webcams.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了PacSci的Digital Discvery Wrkshps（数字探索工作坊）的相关信息。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“PacSci’s Digital Discvery Wrkshps bring unique science experiences t yu n yur wn schedule. (PacSci的数字探索工作坊在你自己安排的时间为你带来独特的科学体验。)”可知，数字探索工作坊的目的是提供独特的科学体验，从而改善或提升科学教育。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Csts & Bking部分的“Qualified lw-incme schls may receive up t 100% ff Digital Discvery Wrkshps rates. (符合条件的低收入学校可以获得高达100%的数字探索工作坊费用减免。)”可知，在某些条件下（如低收入学校），数字探索工作坊可以免除全部费用。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“An adult r vlunteer must be present t help facilitate. (必须有一名成人或志愿者在场协助。)”可知，参与者需要有成人或志愿者的协助来参与活动。故选C。
B
【来源】江苏省南京市六校联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期11月联考英语试题
One day, my 11-year-ld daughter tld me that she wanted t return a pair f pants n Amazn. “Yu need t keep clicking the ‘smething else’ buttn if yu want t talk t a real persn,” I tld her. She fllwed my wrd, and after a bit f clicking, she managed t talk t a real persn and get the pants returned. In the prcess, I had the chance t think abut what this everyday interactin was teaching my daughter.
I thught abut what it meant t cnstantly ask fr “smething else”. It’s nt nly abut having a real persn t talk with. It’s equally abut the quality f ur cmmunicatin. It’s abut thinking smething, then saying it, and then having anther persn think and say smething back t yu. It seems simple and yet it may becme the exceptin, nt the rule. In many cases, it already has.
With the “quick respnses” at the bttm f Gmail, ptential respnses ften appear right in frnt f us. “Yes, sure.” “Of curse!” r “I gt it.” The respnses, I’ve nticed, are mstly kay. Smetimes, they’re exactly what I want t say. Occasinally, they’re wildly wrng. At first, I tld myself I wuldn’t use thse pre-made respnses. Sn enugh, thugh, I gt in a rush and fund they were gd.
What wuld happen if ur language gt autmated in general in this way? What if, instead f generating respnses, we simply pinted and clicked? Chsing a respnse is a kind f thinking, but it’s far less accurate than the kind needed t generate cntent. It has t d mre with recgnizing a “gd enugh” respnse. Instead f starting with a blank bard, we critique (评判) things. That’s nt useless, but it desn’t replace thinking in a generative way. If kids nly critique smething, they wn’t have riginal thughts. They may becme great editrs, but they’ll likely struggle t create ideas in fresh ways.
There’s n simple slutin and certainly n way t turn back the clck n autmated talk. Yet, as we mve frward, we need t cnsider carefully hw simple changes in cmmunicatin can have serius effects. If we want t help ur kids, the “smething else” we searched fr — authentic human cnversatin — shuld nt be the exceptin, but the rule.
4．What cntributes t high-quality cmmunicatin accrding t paragraph 2?
A．The clear gals.B．The exact expressins.
C．The prcess f thinking.D．The immediate respnse.
5．Hw des the authr feel abut using the pre-made respnses?
A．Excited and eager t try them ut.
B．Annyed and nt interested in them.
C．Disappinted by their inaccurate suggestins.
D．Unwilling but finally aware f their cnvenience.
6．What wuld happen t kids with the autmatin f language?
A．Their creativity will suffer.B．Their critical thinking ability will increase.
C．Their editing skills will hardly imprve.D．Their expressins will be mre accurate and efficient.
7．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．My Reflectins n Autmated TalkB．My Unfrgettable Online Return Experience
C．The Art f Guiding Children’s CreativityD．The Benefits f Using Autmatin in Cmmunicatin
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者女儿对于自动对话的自身经历，表达了对于自动对话的一些看法和观点。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“I thught abut what it meant t cnstantly ask fr “smething else”. It’s nt nly abut having a real persn t talk with. It’s equally abut the quality f ur cmmunicatin. It’s abut thinking smething, then saying it, and then having anther persn think and say smething back t yu.(我思考了不断要求“别的东西”意味着什么。这不仅仅是有一个真正的人可以交谈。这同样关系到我们沟通的质量。它是关于思考一些事情，然后说出来，然后让另一个人思考并回答你一些事情)”可知，思考的过程有助于高质量的沟通。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“At first, I tld myself I wuldn’t use thse pre-made respnses. Sn enugh, thugh, I gt in a rush and fund they were gd.(一开始，我告诉自己不要用那些预先准备好的回答。但很快，我急切发现它们很不错)”可知，作者不愿意使用预先准备好的回答，但最终意识到它们的方便。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What wuld happen if ur language gt autmated in general in this way? What if, instead f generating respnses, we simply pinted and clicked? Chsing a respnse is a kind f thinking, but it’s far less accurate than the kind needed t generate cntent. It has t d mre with recgnizing a “gd enugh” respnse. Instead f starting with a blank bard, we critique (评判) things. That’s nt useless, but it desn’t replace thinking in a generative way. If kids nly critique smething, they wn’t have riginal thughts. They may becme great editrs, but they’ll likely struggle t create ideas in fresh ways.(如果我们的语言在整体上被自动化了会发生什么？如果我们不是生成回应，而是指向和点击会怎样？选择回应是一种思考方式，但它的准确性远不如生成内容所需的思考方式。它更多地与识别“足够好”的回应有关。而不是从空白的画布开始，我们是在评价事物。这并非毫无用处，但它无法替代以创造性方式进行思考。如果孩子们只进行评价，他们就不会有原创的想法。他们可能会成为出色的编辑，但很可能无法以全新的方式创造想法)”可知，语言自动化的孩子创造力会受到影响。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There’s n simple slutin and certainly n way t turn back the clck n autmated talk. Yet, as we mve frward, we need t cnsider carefully hw simple changes in cmmunicatin can have serius effects. If we want t help ur kids, the “smething else” we searched fr — authentic human cnversatin — shuld nt be the exceptin, but the rule.(没有简单的解决方案，当然也没有办法让自动对话时光倒流。然而，在我们前进的过程中，我们需要仔细考虑沟通方面的简单改变会产生怎样严重的影响。如果我们想帮助我们的孩子，我们寻找的“其他东西”——真实的人类对话——不应该是例外，而应该是规则)”结合文章通过作者女儿对于自动对话的自身经历，表达了对于自动对话的一些看法和观点。可知，A选项“我对自动对话的看法”最符合文章标题。故选A。
C
【来源】湖南省部分名校2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中联合考试英语
The impacts f smking n the immune system remain lng after a smker’s last smking, accrding t a study. The analysis is part f an effrt t determine why immune respnses vary s widely frm persn t persn. In additin t cigarette smking, the study fund that having a higher-than-average bdy mass index (体重指数) and having previusly been infected with a typical virus called cytmegalvirus (CMV,巨细胞病毒) als affect the immune respnse.
Bilgist Saint-André and her clleagues analysed bld samples and questinnaires cllected by the Milieu Intérieur Cnsrtium frm 1,000 healthy peple wh live in Brittany, France. The researchers expsed the bld samples t micrrganisms, viruses and s n knwn t activate the immune system. They then gauged the effect f them n the prductin f prteins called cytkines (细胞因子) , which regulate the bdy’s inflammatry (炎症的) respnses.
The authrs cmbined these results with infrmatin abut 136 persnal traits drawn frm ppulatin studies, envirnmental and clinical data. They fund that three factrs std ut as having particularly strng assciatins with cytkine respnses: cigarette smking, bdy mass index and previus cytmegalvirus infectin.
The data n cigarette cnsumptin were particularly striking; the effect f smking n cytkine respnses was as large as the effects f age, sex and genetics. And these effects remained fr years after participants had given up cigarettes.
But the study still needs t be repeated t ensure that the results are cnvincing, says Saint-Andre. And in future, it shuld include a mre diverse grup f participants. The team has nw expanded their study t include participants frm Senegal and Hng Kng, she says. The researchers have als gne back t the riginal participants, and have cllected fresh bld samples frm 415 f them 10 years after the riginal samples were taken.
“It wuld be valuable t learn mre abut hw smking influences immune cell functin, and, in turn, what the bdy’s respnses t infectin are,” says prfessr Lu. “That culd ffer valuable insights int the brader health cnsequences f smking.”
8．Hw did the researchers identify the three influencing factrs?
A．By repeating the study.
B．By cntrasting the persnal traits.
C．By referring t studies f ther fields.
D．By researching up t 136 peple.
9．Wh might have the wrst immune system accrding t the text?
A．Smene wh has quit smking fr many years.
B．Smene whse relatives have a smking habit.
C．Smene wh has a belw nrmal bdy mass index.
D．Smene wh lives with a CMV infected persn.
10．What did researchers d t ensure the results were CORRECT?
A．They invited mre participants f the same race.
B．They expanded their research all ver the wrld.
C．They gt n well with the riginal participants.
D．They restudied sme riginal participants years later.
11．What can we knw frm what Lu said?
A．It is useful and valuable t give up smking.
B．The result f the study is cmplete.
C．Smking has smething t d with infectin.
D．The study aids t learn the effects f smking.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员针对免疫细胞功能进行的调查，指出吸烟、体重指数和病毒感染与免疫细胞的反应有着较强的关联性。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“The authrs cmbined these results with infrmatin abut 136 persnal traits drawn frm ppulatin studies, envirnmental and clinical data. They fund that three factrs std ut as having particularly strng assciatins with cytkine respnses: cigarette smking, bdy mass index and previus cytmegalvirus infectin.(作者将这些结果与从人口研究、环境和临床数据中提取的136个个人特征的信息相结合。他们发现，有三个因素与细胞因子反应特别密切相关：吸烟、体重指数和既往巨细胞病毒感染)”可知，研究人员将这些结果与来自人口研究、环境和临床数据中提取的136个个人特征的信息相结合，从而发现了这三个影响因素，即通过参考其他领域的研究。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“The data n cigarette cnsumptin were particularly striking; the effect f smking n cytkine respnses was as large as the effects f age, sex and genetics. And these effects remained fr years after participants had given up cigarettes.(香烟消耗数据尤其引人注目；吸烟对细胞因子反应的影响与年龄、性别和遗传的影响一样大。这些影响在参与者戒烟多年后仍然存在)”可知，吸烟对细胞因子反应的影响在戒烟多年后依然存在，结合第二段中的“They then gauged the effect f them n the prductin f prteins called cytkines (细胞因子) , which regulate the bdy’s inflammatry (炎症的) respnses.(然后，他们测量了它们对名为细胞因子的蛋白质的生产的影响，细胞因子调节身体的炎症反应)”可推测出，一个戒烟多年的人的细胞因子反应可能最强烈，而细胞因子影响人体免疫，所以免疫力可能最差。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But the study still needs t be repeated t ensure that the results are cnvincing, says Saint-Andre.(但Saint-Andre说，这项研究仍需要重复，以确保结果令人信服)”“The researchers have als gne back t the riginal participants, and have cllected fresh bld samples frm 415 f them 10 years after the riginal samples were taken.(研究人员还回到了最初的参与者那里，并在原始样本采集10年后从其中415人那里收集了新鲜血液样本)”可知，研究人员为了确保结果的可信性，在10年前的参与者身上重新采集了血液样本，重复进行研究。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It wuld be valuable t learn mre abut hw smking influences immune cell functin, and, in turn, what the bdy’s respnses t infectin are,” says prfessr Lu. “That culd ffer valuable insights int the brader health cnsequences f smking.”(“更多地了解吸烟如何影响免疫细胞功能，以及身体反过来对感染的反应，将是非常有价值的。”罗说。“这可以为吸烟对更广泛的健康影响提供有价值的见解。”)”可知，罗认为了解吸烟对免疫细胞功能的影响以及身体对感染的反应有助于为吸烟对健康的影响提供有价值的见解，由此可推测出，这项研究有助于了解吸烟的影响。故选D。
D
【来源】2025届广东省三校“决胜高考，梦圆乙巳”第一次联合模拟一模英语试题
In the quest t understand and cmpare the educatinal paradigms shaping the minds f future generatins, researchers have delved int the intricate dynamics f Chinese and Western pedaggical appraches. Tday, the discurse n educatin systems is ften framed by idelgical debates and cultural perspectives. Yet, a new cmprehensive study aims t dissect these systems beynd surface-level bservatins, explring the underlying philsphies and their impact n students.
“With the prliferatin f educatinal theries, it is crucial fr us t examine the cre principles that drive different educatinal systems,” said Dr. Li Wei, lead authr f the study and a prfessr f cmparative educatin at the University f Beijing. “These systems nw influence the lives f millins f students wrldwide, and as we increasingly rely n them t shape the minds f ur yuth, I wanted t knw: Hw d they cmpare?”
Using a diverse set f educatinal case studies and utcmes frm varius cuntries, Dr. Li and her team scrutinized the effectiveness and philsphical underpinnings f Chinese and Western educatin systems.
“We were particularly interested in identifying the factrs that cntribute t the distinct characteristics f each system, such as the emphasis n rte learning in sme cultures versus the fcus n critical thinking in thers,” said Dr. Li.
Their study revealed that the educatinal utcmes are nt slely determined by the amunt f cntent cvered but als by the pedaggical apprach. Mrever, these systems are biased twards certain types f learners and intellectual develpment. This is expected since the educatinal systems are ften a reflectin f the cultural values and scietal expectatins f the regins they serve.
What can we learn frm the cmparative analysis f these educatinal systems?
“A great deal,” Dr. Li explained. “Educatinal plicymakers can use ur study t infrm the develpment f curricula that balance the need fr knwledge retentin with the cultivatin f critical thinking skills. T imprve the adaptability f educatinal systems, we can als encurage the incrpratin f diverse teaching methds that cater t a range f learning styles.”
12．What d we knw abut the current state f educatinal recrds and bservatins?
A．They are becming utdated.
B．They are mstly based n theretical mdels.
C．They are limited in scpe.
D．They are used fr cmparative analysis.
13．What des Dr. Li’s study fcus n?
A．Teaching methdlgies.
B．Educatinal infrastructure.
C．Observatinal data.
D．Student perfrmance metrics.
14．What has led t the differences between the Chinese and Western educatin systems accrding t the study?
A．Cultural and histrical factrs.
B．Technlgical advancements.
C．Ecnmic disparities.
D．Gvernment plicies.
15．What is Dr. Li’s suggestin fr imprving educatinal systems?
A．Integrate mre technlgy int classrms.
B．Standardize curriculums acrss different regins.
C．Prvide guidance t educatrs n diverse teaching methds.
D．Fcus n a single pedaggical apprach fr all subjects.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。探讨了中西方教育模式的异同，以及它们对学生的影响。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“These systems nw influence the lives f millins f students wrldwide, and as we increasingly rely n them t shape the minds f ur yuth, I wanted t knw: Hw d they cmpare?”（“这些系统现在影响着全世界数百万学生的生活，随着我们越来越依赖它们来塑造年轻人的思想，我想知道：它们相比之下如何？”）可知，教育系统现在影响着全世界数百万学生的生活，这限制了教育记录和观察的范围。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Using a diverse set f educatinal case studies and utcmes frm varius cuntries, Dr. Li and her team scrutinized the effectiveness and philsphical underpinnings f Chinese and Western educatin systems.”（李和她的团队使用了来自不同国家的一系列不同的教育案例研究和成果，仔细研究了中国和西方教育体系的有效性和哲学基础。） 可知，李博士的研究专注于教学方法的有效性和哲学基础。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Their study revealed that the educatinal utcmes are nt slely determined by the amunt f cntent cvered but als by the pedaggical apprach. Mrever, these systems are biased twards certain types f learners and intellectual develpment. This is expected since the educatinal systems are ften a reflectin f the cultural values and scietal expectatins f the regins they serve.”（他们的研究表明，教育成果不仅取决于所涵盖内容的数量，还取决于教学方法。此外，这些系统偏向于某些类型的学习者和智力发展。这是预料之中的，因为教育制度往往反映了其所服务地区的文化价值和社会期望。） 可知，教育成果不仅由涵盖的内容量决定，还由教学方法决定，这表明中西方教育系统的差异部分是由文化和历史因素造成的。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“T imprve the adaptability f educatinal systems, we can als encurage the incrpratin f diverse teaching methds that cater t a range f learning styles.”（为了提高教育系统的适应性，我们还可以鼓励采用多样化的教学方法，以适应不同的学习风格。） 可知，李博士建议为教育工作者提供不同教学方法的指导。故选C项。