人教版八年级下册英语Unit 5知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版）

这是一份人教版八年级下册英语Unit 5知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版），共16页。学案主要包含了用法详解，即学即用，拓展延伸，易混辨析，参考范文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（一）完成单词梳理：
名词：1. rainstrm 暴风雨 2. alarm 闹钟 3. strm 暴风雨
4. wind 风 5. light 光；光线；光亮 6. area 地域；地区
7. wd 木；木头 8. windw 窗；窗户 9. flashlight 手电筒；火炬
10. match 火柴 11. passage 章节；段落 12. pupil 学生
13. silence 沉默；缄默；无声 14. date 日期；日子 15. twer 塔；塔楼
16. truth 实情；事实 17. terrrist 恐怖主义者；恐怖分子
动词：1. begin 开始 2. beat 敲打；打败 3. kid 开玩笑；欺骗
4. realize 理解；领会；认识到
副词：1. heavily 在很大程度上；大量地 2. suddenly 突然；忽然 3. apart 分离；分开
4. cmpletely 彻底地；完全地 5. recently 不久前；最近
介词：1. against 倚；碰；撞
形容词：1. strange 奇特的；奇怪的 2. asleep 睡着 3. fallen 倒下的；落下的
4. icy 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 5. shcked 惊愕的；受震惊的
兼类词：1. reprt （v/n）报道；公布 2. rise （v/n）升起；增加；提高

（二）词汇变形小结：
begin 开始(v.) → ____began_____ (过去式) → ___beginning____ (n.)开始
heavy 重的(adj.) → ____heavily_____ (adv.)在很大程度上；大量地
sudden 突然的(adj.) → ___suddenly____ (adv.)突然
strange 陌生的(adj.) → ____stranger____ (n.)陌生人
wind 风(n.) → ___windy_____ (adj.)多风的
reprt 报告(v.) → ___reprter_____ (n.)记者
match 火柴(n.) → ___matches_____ (复数)
beat 敲打(v.) → ____beat____ (过去式)
sleep 睡觉(v.) → ___slept_____ (过去式) → ____asleep___（adj.）睡着的→ ____sleepy____ (adj.)困倦的
fall 下降；落下(v.) → ____fell_____ (过去式) → ____fallen____ (adj.)倒下的；落下的
ice 冰(n.) → _____icy_____ (adj.)冰冷的
cmplete 完整的(adj.) → __cmpletely___ (adv.)彻底地；完全地
silent 沉默的(adj.) → ___silently___ (adv.)沉默地 → ___silence____ (n.)沉默
recent 最近的(adj.) → ___recently___ (adv.)最近
true 正确的(adj.) → ____truly_____ (adv.)确实→ ____truth_____ (n.)实情；事实
【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空
My mther passed sme ___matches____ (match) t me in the dark.
The rad is _____icy_____ (ice) because f the heavy snw, s we have t drive carefully.
The radi says it will be ____windy_____ (wind) this evening.
Kim didn’t pass the exam. S he walked hme in ___silence_____ (silent).
He was waiting fr the bus when it began t rain ____heavily____ (heavy).
Her dream is t be a ____reprter____ (reprt) when she grws up.
When the snwstrm ____suddenly____ (sudden) came, it was white everywhere.
The little cat is afraid f ___strangers____ (strange).
T tell the ____truth_____ (true), I really dn’t like the character in the bk.
The news was a shck, Rbert and his friends were __cmpletely___ (cmplete) surprised t hear it.
（三）短语攻关：
wait fr 等待 g ff （闹钟）发出响声
pick up 接电话 take a shwer 洗淋浴
at that time 在那时 feel like 感觉像是……
at first 起初；起先 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着
die dwn 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 wake up 睡醒
have a lk 看一看 make ne’s way 前往；费力地前进
be helpful fr 对……有帮助 in silence 沉默；无声
take dwn 拆除；往下拽；记录 tell the truth 说实话；讲事实
知识点梳理
1.I was waiting fr the bus when it began t rain heavily. 当开始下暴雨的时候，我正在等公交车。
【用法详解】知识点1： begin及物动词，意为“开始”，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。begin的过去式为 began ，过去分词为begun。固定搭配：begin t d/ding sth.开始做某事
Eg.They began t wrk after a shrt rest. 短暂的休息过后，他们开始工作了。
知识点2： heavily副词，意为“在很大程度上；大量地”，常用来表示“（雨、雪）下得大”，相当于hard。其形容词形式为 heavy 。
Eg.It is snwing heavily/hard utdrs. 外面雪下得正大。
【即学即用】
1.—Lk! It's raining ___A____.
—That's right. The rain is t ________ fr us t g shpping.
A. heavily; heavy B. heavily; heavily C. heavy; heavy D. heavy; heavily
2.Althugh it is raining ___C____, the plicemen are still n duty in the street.
A.clearly B.really C.heavily D.quickly
3.Althugh it snws ___heavily___ (heavy) utside, he still has t g ut fr fd.
2. I called at seven and yu didn’t pick up. 我七点（给你）打电话，可你没接。
【用法详解】pick up此处意为“接电话；接收到（信号或声音）”，相当于answer。pick up为“动词+副词”型短语，若代词作宾语，必须放在pick和up中间；若名词作宾语，放在up的前后均可。
Eg.—What did the radi say abut the weather? 关于天气，收音机里是怎么说的？
—Srry. My radi didn’t wrk. I didn’t pick it up. 对不起，我的收音机坏了，我没有收听到。
【拓展延伸】pick up的其他含义：
pick up
捡起；拾起
（开车）接人
Please pick up the bk n the grund. 请把地上的书捡起来。
Can yu pick me up at the airprt? 你能到机场接我吗？
【即学即用】
1.This afternn, n the way hme he fund sme mney n the grund and ___B____.
A. picked them up B. picked it up C. picked up them D. picked up it
2.When he saw a wallet, he ___A____ at nce.
A.picked it up B. gave it up C. picked up it D. picked up
3. With n light utside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有光亮，感觉就像半夜一样。
【用法详解】知识点1： light在此作不可数名词，意为“光；光线；光亮”。
Eg. The sun gives us light and heat. 太阳给我们光和热。
【拓展延伸】light的其他用法
知识点2： feel like意为“感觉像是……；想要……”，其后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
固定搭配：“想要做某事” feel like ding sth. = want t d sth. = wuld like t d sth.
Eg.I dn’t feel like ging t the mvies. 我不想去看电影。
4. Ben was helping his mm make dinner when the rain began t beat heavily against the windws. 当雨开始重重地敲打窗户的时候，本正在帮妈妈做晚饭。
【用法详解】beat的多种用法：
【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为fr。常用搭配：be against (ding) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。
Eg.He std against the dr. 他倚着门站着。
Are yu fr r against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？
She is against smking at hme. 她反对在家抽烟。
【即学即用】
1.I’m ____A____ buying the cat because it is t expensive.
A.against B.upn C.fr D.at
2.—What was the result f the sccer game yesterday?
—Our team finally ___D____ the ne frm anther schl.
A.brke B.wn C.develped D.beat
3.Our schl basketball team will ___win____ (win/beat) the next match if they practise mre.
4.I'm against ___making___ (make) a plan like this.
5. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying dwn at arund 3:00 a.m.大约在凌晨三点风逐渐减弱的时候，他总算睡着了。
【易混辨析】重点：asleep, sleeping与sleepy
Eg.The light music made him fall asleep sn. 轻柔的音乐让他很快睡着了。
A sleeping baby was lying in his mm’s arms. 一个睡着的婴儿正躺在他妈妈的怀里。
I am sleepy and I want t g t sleep. 我困了，想去睡觉。
【即学即用】
1. If yu stay up fr yur favrite TV prgrams, yu will feel ___C____ in class next day.
A.sleep B.asleep C.sleepy D.sleeping
2.I felt ___C____ yesterday evening, and then I fell ________ quickly.
A.sleeping; asleep B. asleep; sleepy C. sleepy; asleep D. sleep; sleepy
6. My parents were cmpletely shcked! 我的父母完全震惊了！
【用法详解】cmpletely副词，意为“彻底地；完全地”，用于修饰动词和形容词。其形容词形式为 cmplete ，
意为“完整的；完全的”。
Eg.In the end the wind went away cmpletely. 最后，风彻底平息了。
Yu are bth cmpletely wrng. 你们俩完全错了。
【易混辨析】shcked与shcking
Eg.We were all shcked at the shcking news. 我们都对这条惊人的消息感到震惊。
【即学即用】
1.The rainstrm _cmpletely__ destryed the huse. Every huse wasn’t _cmplete__ at all. (cmplete)
2.All f us were __shcked___ (shck) that such a little girl spke English s well.
7. My parents did nt talk after that, and we finished the rest f ur dinner in silence. 之后我的父母没有说话，我们就在沉默中吃完了剩下的晚餐。
【用法详解】知识点1： the rest f...意为“其余的……；剩下的”，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与the rest f修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。
Eg.The rest f the wrkers are still wrking hard. 其余的工人仍在努力地工作。
The rest f the meat has gne bad. 剩下的肉变质了。
知识点2： silence名词，意为“沉默；缄默；无声”，常用短语：in silence“沉默；无声”。其形容词形式为 silent ，意为“寂静的；无声的”。keep silent“保持沉默”。
Eg.There was a lng silence befre she answered the questin. 她在回答问题之前沉默了很长时间。
Why did yu leave me in silence? 为何你一言不发离我而去？
The birds are silent in the trees. 鸟在树上悄然无声。
【即学即用】
1.At the ____B____ f the class meeting, he sat in _________ because he was s nervus.
A. beginning; silent B. beginning; silence C. begin; silently D. began; silent
2.He did all this ____B____ silence, and very rapidly.
A. at B. in C. with D. f
3.Tm is frm England and the rest f us ____are____ (be) frm China.
8. She remembers wrking in her ffice near the tw twers. 她记得当时（自己）正在距两座塔楼不远的办公室工作。
【易混辨析】重点：remember t d sth.与remember ding sth.
【即学即用】
1.--D yu still remember ____B____ with Kbe in Beijing.
--Yes, f curse, three years ag.
A.t meet B. meeting C. meet D.met
2.Jhn, remember ____C____ ff the lights when yu leave the rm.
A. turn B. turned C. t turn D. turning
3.Remember ___t call____ (call) yur grandma this evening.
4.I just frgt ___seeing____ (see) him anywhere.
9. I had truble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid. 那之后我都难以清晰地思考，因为我很害怕。
【用法详解】have truble (in) ding sth.表示“做某事有困难或麻烦”，相当于have difficulty/prblems (in) ding sth.
Eg.I have truble/difficulty/prblems (in) wrking ut the math prblem. 我解这道数学题有困难。
【拓展延伸】truble构成的其他搭配：get int truble“陷入困境；遇到麻烦”；be in truble“处于困境之中”。
Eg.If yu get int truble, yu can call me. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以给我打电话。
Please call 110 when yu are in truble. 当你有困难时请拨打110。
【即学即用】
1.I have truble ____C____ English. I need help.
A. learn B. learnt C. learning D. t learn
2.I have sme truble ___wrking___ (wrk) ut these math prblems.Culd yu help me?

课堂小测
一、单项选择
1.–Tm, why were yu late again?
–I was late because my alarm clck didn’t ___B___.
A.g ut B.g ff C.g back D.g away
2.—Why didn't yu cme t my birthday party yesterday?
—Srry, I was s busy that I ___B___ frgt it.
A. suddenly B. cmpletely C. recently D. quietly
3.–Des Zhu Qi play ___C___ the Hustn Rckets?
–Yes, and his team is ging t play _______ the Lakers next week.
A.fr; with B.with; fr C.fr; against D.against; fr
4.–Yu lk very tired.
–Yeah. Last night I went t ___C___ very early, but I didn’t fall _______ until 12:00p.m.
A.sleep; sleep B.asleep; asleep C.sleep; asleep D.asleep; sleep
5.—Jack, remember ___D___ yur umbrella with yu and dn’t frget _______ it hme.
—OK, Mm.
A. taking; bringing B. take; bring C. t bring; t take D. t take; t bring
6.The Chinese natinal wmen’s badmintn team ___C___ the Japanese team by 3:1 n May.
A.wn B.wins C.beat D.beats
7.–Wuld yu mind ___D___ the eraser fr me?
–N, nt at all.
A. pick up B. putting up C. put up D. picking up
8.---Lk!It's raining ___A___.
---That's right. The rain is t _______ t g shpping.
A. heavily; heavy B. heavily; heavily C. heavy; heavy D. heavy; heavily
9.I have truble ___C___ the wrk withut help.
A. finish B. t finish C. finishing D. finished
10.–I saw a UFO land in my garden last night!
-- ___D___! It must be in yur dreams!
A. That’s nthing B. Yu’re lucky C. Isn’t that usual D. Yu’re kidding
11.—I didn't ___D___ that Jim was unhappy when I left.
—That's nt a big deal. But yu have t explain t him later.
A. cause B. guess C. push D. realize
12.The teacher tld us a piece f bad news. When we heard the news, we were all ___B___ silence.
A.fr B.in C.with D.by
13.We were all ___D___ when we heard that a plane crashed with 132 peple n it.
A.interested B.shcking C.hungry D.shcked
14.—There aren't many tickets left fr the cncert. Yu’d better ___C___ t get ne tday.
—I'll g t the bk ffice at nce.
A. take part B. get dwn C. make sure D. pick up
15.—Is it ___A___ that he missed the bus?
—N, he didn't tell the _______. He was late because he gt up late.
A. true; truth B. real; truth C. true; matter D. real; matter
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. She als put sme candles and ___matches____ (match) n the table.
2. Ben was helping his mm make dinner when the rain began t beat ___heavily___ (heavy) against the windws.
3. The little kid was s tired that he fell ___asleep____ (sleep) right away.
4. I will tell yu the ____truth____(true) when yu cme t my ffice next time.
5. The baby is sleeping. Yu shuld walk int the rm in ___silence____ (silent).
6. The by ___suddenly___(sudden) fell nt the grund and cried ludly.
7. I had truble ___thinking____ (think) clearly after that because I was very afraid.
8. It was snwing when we made ____ur_____ (we) way t my grandpa’s huse.
9. After the rainstrm, ____fallen____ (fall) trees and brken windws were everywhere.
10. I remembered ____seeing____ (see) him smewhere in Shanghai.
完形填空
I lked at my watch. It was ten t six. There was just ten minutes left befre we 1 leave fr hme. Suddenly the earth began t shake. In n time the shake became very 2 . “Earthquake (地震)!” smene shuted. I 3 the thers t the dr but we culdn’t get ut. I stayed under a desk, cvering my head and neck with my arms. “Will smene save me 4 the building falls dwn? Is this the end fr me?” I kept thinking abut that.
Several minutes 5 the shake stpped. Tw f my wrkmates tried t pen the dr again, and they made it! We ran quickly t the street. It was such a(n) 6 that we culdn’t believe ur eyes — the street was full f debris (碎片) and brken wd. Mre and mre peple came ut and many were injured (受伤的). Lts f them did 7 but lk up int the sky in shck.
We walked a lng way hme nt saying much. Sme were praying (祈祷) and sme were crying. 8 in such a situatin was difficult. Our phnes didn’t wrk because f the earthquake. S it was 9 t find ut if ur friends were kay. I had n way f letting my family in China 10 that I was still alive (活着) . I just hped that they wuldn’t hear abut the earthquake until tmrrw.
( A )1. A. culd B. culdn’t C. need D. needn’t
( C )2. A. tall B. far C. strng D. easy
( C )3. A. helped B. allwed C. fllwed D. waited
( D )4. A. since B. while C. until D. if
( C )5. A. ag B. befre C. later D. after
( A )6. A. mess B. accident C. prblem D. mistake
( D )7. A. everything B. anything C. smething D. nthing
( A )8. A. Cmmunicatin B. Ntice C. Discussin D. Reprt
( B )9. A. nrmal B. impssible C. necessary D. imprtant
( D )10. A. feel B. remember C. imagine D. knw
四、阅读理解
When I was yung, I liked t play jkes n peple I knew, especially n my parents and friends. One day my mther was cking and I was playing with my yunger brther Tny. Suddenly I ran t my mther and said: “Tny fell frm the pen windw!”She was very wrried and ran ut f the kitchen. Then I said:“Dn’t wrry, I’m just jking.”My mther shuted at me,“If yu d it again, I’ll hit yu.”
Anther day I went swimming with my friends in the sea. I wanted t play a jke n them. In the beginning I swam fast and I called ut“Help!”All my friends came t help me. Hwever, they fund that I was jking. But half an hur later I wasn’t jking. I was s fast, sn I gt tired and culdn’t swim n in water. I tried my best t call my friends fr help, but this time nbdy came t help me.
In the end they fund I was telling the truth. They came and saved my life. They tk me t the hspital. This is the best lessn in my life. Frm then n I haven’t jked n anyne.
( C )1. When he was yung, the writer liked t _________.
A. play with his brther B. help his mther ck
C. play jkes n pepleD. g swimming with his friends
( B )2. What happened when the writer was playing with his brther?
A. He gt tired. B. He played a jke n his mther.
C. Tny fell frm the pen windw. D. His mther hit him.
( B )3. In the beginning, all his friends came t help him because he _________.
A. swam fast B. called fr help
C. wuld sink in waterD. culdn’t swim n in the water
( C )4. When the writer called his friends fr help fr the secnd time, they _________.
A. tk him t the hspital at nce B. came and saved him immediately
C. thught at first he was jking againD. did nthing because the writer had lied t them
( D )5. The stry tells us that _________.
A. swimming is dangerus
B. the writer is a naughty by
C. ne can play jkes nly n peple he knws
D. if smene always tells lies, thers wn’t trust (信任) him
五、将下列句子中汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当形式。
1.The wind ___was dying dwn_____ when I gt up this mrning.（逐渐变弱）
2.My alarm didn’t ______g ff_______ s I gt ump late.（发出响声）
3.When the rainstrm came, I __was making my way___ t schl.（费力地前进）
4.My parents always tell me t eat meals ____in silence______.（无声）
5. I called at seven and yu didn’t ____pick up_______.（接电话）
6.We ____make sure_____ the Chinese dream will cme true in the near future.（确信）
7. ____At first________, I dislike English and thught it was difficult. But nw I am interested in it.（起初）
8.It’s said that peple will ____take dwn______ that ld building.（拆除）
9.I finally ____fell asleep______ when the rain stpped.（进入梦乡）
10.He isn’t an hnest man, and he still desn’t ____tell the truth_____ abut the event.（说出事实）
语法精讲
过去进行时
一、语法概述
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本结构为“was/were+动词-ing形式”。
二、过去进行时的基本句式
三、过去进行时的基本用法
Eg.I was watching TV the whle night. 整个晚上我都在看电视。
Miss Li was shpping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候李小姐正在购物。
The students were reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们正在读书。
While he was reading, the telephne rang. 他正在看书时电话铃响了。
I was cleaning my bedrm while my mther was cking. 我打扫卧室的时候妈妈在做饭。
四、过去进行时的特殊用法
【即学即用】
一、句型转换，每空一词。
1.The girl was talking with her classmates. Her mther called her. (合并为一句)
The girl ___was___ __talking__ with her classmates __when__ her mther __called__ her.
2.David was writing a reprt at ten yesterday mrning.(改为否定句)
David __wasn’t__ __writing__ a reprt at ten yesterday mrning.
3.The children were laughing ludly at that time.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
__Were___ the children __laughing__ ludly at that time?
Yes, ___they___ ___were___. .
4.We were waiting fr the bus at the time f the rainstrm.(对画线部分提问)
__What___ __were__ yu __ding__ at the time f the rainstrm?
5.They tk a walk in the park yesterday.(用at 7:00 yesterday evening改写句子)
They __were___ __waking___ a walk in the park at 7:00 yesterday evening.
二、根据汉语意思及英文提示翻译句子
1.昨天下午三点半,我们正在上音乐课。(lessn)
__We were having a music lessn at 3:30 yesterday afternn ______________________________.
2.当我看到他的时候,他正在给他的妈妈打电话。(saw, calling)
__He was calling his mther when I saw him___________________________________________.
3.昨天晚上七点,他们正在家里看电视。(watching)
__They were watching TV at hme at 7 ’clck yesterday evening ________________________________.
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.I ___C___ n the cmputer when Frank called me last night.
A.wrk B.will wrk C.was wrking D.am wrking
2.—I called yu yesterday afternn, but yu didn't pick up.
—Srry. I ___D___ an nline class at that time.
A.take B.tk C.is taking D.was taking
3.While the lights ___C___ t red, a car suddenly appeared arund the crner.
A.change B.have changed C.were changing D.will change
4.The Greens ___D___TV tgether frm 5:00 t 7:00 yesterday evening.
A.is watching B.are watching C.was watching D.were watching
5.The wman with her daughter ___B___ in that mall when she saw the by fall dwn.
A.shpped B.was shpping C.were shpping D.is shpping
6. ___B___ Linda’s mther was reading newspaper, her father was ding dishes.
A.When B.While C.Befre D.Until
7.(湖北裹阳中考)—Lucy, what were yu ding at nine last night?
—I ___C___ the pian. I usually practice the pian at that time.
A.play B. played C. was playing D. am playing
8.___A___ we came back t schl, Dale was playing the vilin.
A. When B. While C. Until D. After
9.—Were yu eating dinner at the time f the rainstrm?
—___B___. I was reading a bk abut plants.
A. Yes, I did B. N, I wasn’t C. Yes, I was D. N, I didn’t
10.My father was reading a newspaper while my mther ___C___ dinner.
A. is cking B. cks C. was cking D. will ck
11.–What was yur brther ding at this time yesterday?
- He was reading a magazine ___D___ I was writing an e-mail at hme.
A. as sn as B. after C. until D. while
12.Listen, ur teachers ___B___ Red Sngs in the next rm.
A. sings B. are singing C. is singing D. sang
13.—___A____ I was ding my hmewrk, what were yu ding?
—I was _______ a ht shwer.
A.While; taking B.Befre; taking C.When; take D.When; tk
14.—What was yur dad ding at nine yesterday?
—He was reading a bk ___B___ I was playing the pian.
A.until B.while C.because D.if
15.(黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考) -What were yu ding at this time yesterday?
-I ___A___ a mvie named Lst in Russia directed by Xu Zheng.
A. was seeing B. saw C. am seeing
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.My father __was reading___ (read) a bk at nine 'clck yesterday evening.
2.While I __was shpping___ (shp) in the supermarket, my sister called me.
3.The ld man was walking acrss the street slwly when I ____saw_____ (see) him.
4.The girl __was having___ (have) lunch with her friend at 11:45 a.m. yesterday.
5.Our teacher ___was giving___ (give) us a lessn when Mari came int the classrm.
6.Lk! Barry and Jim ___are waiting____ (wait) fr the bus there.
7.I ran t the bus stp quickly but I still ___missed_____ (miss) the bus.
8.What were yu ding when the rainstrm ___came______ (cme)?
9.We didn't hear yur phne because we ___were singing__ (sing) then.
10.The rain was ___beating____ (beat) heavily against the windw.
三、书面表达
某英文报社正在举办以“An Unfrgettable Experience”为题的征文活动，请根据下列提示投稿，讲述一下自己最难忘的经历。
提示：When did it happen？Where did it happen？What were yu ding？What were the thers ding？Why was it imprtant?
要求：1.词数80词左右；
2.书写工整，句式规范，条理清楚，标点符号使用正确。
【参考范文】
An Unfrgettable Experience
On Octber 1st, 2023, I planned t take the bus t the train statin. When I was waiting fr the bus at the bus stp, it began t rain suddenly. Unluckily, I frgt t take my umbrella. I std in the rain, with the rain beating heavily against my bdy. Just at that time, a car stpped and the driver ffered t take me t the train statin. I was s mved that I’ll never frget this experience. I am always ready t help thers like that driver frm then n. 单词
用法
例句
图解助记
light
adj.轻的；浅色的
This is a heavy bx, and that is a light ne.
这是一个重箱子，那是一个轻的。
n.灯
Please turn n the lights.
请打开灯。
v.点燃
It’s t dark. The little girl lights a candle.
太黑了，小女孩点燃了一支蜡烛。
单词
含义
用法
例句
beat
击打
主语是人，宾语可以是人或物
Smebdy is beating at the dr.
有人在敲门。
拍打
主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。
beat n against“拍打在某地方”
The rain beats heavily against the windws.
雨水重重地敲打窗户。
打败
beat后常接人或由人组成的队伍（beat sb.）
He always beats me in tennis.
他打网球总是赢我。
win表示赢得比赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常match, cmpetitin, game, prize等搭配（win sth.）
If we win the match, we will be the champin.如果我们赢了比赛，我们就是冠军。
单词
含义
用法
图解助记
asleep
睡着
常作表语，无比较级和最高级形式，常用搭配： fall asleep 入睡；进入梦乡
sleeping
睡着的
只作前置定语，修饰名词
sleepy
困倦的
可作表语、定语或宾语补足语，常用搭配： feel sleepy 感到困倦
shcked
“感到震惊的”，表示人对事物的感受，主语通常为人
shcking
“令人震惊的”，表示事物的性质或状态，主语通常为物
remember t d sth.
“ 记得去做某事 ”，动作尚未发生
Remember t call me up when yu get here.
remember ding sth.
“ 记得做过某事 ”，动作已经发生
I remember seeing her in this city.
句式
构成
例句
肯定句
主语+ was/were + ding +其他
The girl was shpping when I saw her.
否定句
主语+ wasn’t/weren’t + ding +其他
The girl wasn’t shpping when I saw her.
一般疑问句
__Was/were___ +主语+ ___ding____ +其他？
—Was the girl shpping when I saw her?
—Yes, she was.
N, she wasn’t.
肯定回答
Yes, 主语+ __was__/__were__.
否定回答
N, 主语+ __wasn’t__/__weren’t__.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+动词-ing形式+其他？
What was the girl ding when I saw her?
用法
时间标志
表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作
常用时间状语：this mrning, the whle mrning/night, all day yesterday, all night, frm 10:00 t 12:00 yesterday, in thse days等
表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作
常用时间状语：at that time, at this time yesterday, at 3 ’clck yesterday afternn等
表示过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行
与when引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用 过去进行 时，从句用一般过去 时）
与while引导的时间状语从句连用（主句用 一般过去 时，从句用过去进行 时）
表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行
多与while引导的时间状语从句连用
用法
示例
与g, cme, leave, start等瞬间动词连用时，过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作
She was leaving fr Shanghai then. 那时候她就要动身去上海了。
He said the early bus was cming. 他说早班车就要来了。
与always, ften等频度副词连用时，表示对过去某件事的埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱，并不强调动作正在进行
The baby was always crying. 那个婴儿总是哭。（表示抱怨）
Why were yu always getting up late last week? 你上周怎么老是起床很晚？（表示埋怨）