2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第三讲冠词代词介词短语数词及连词课件

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第三讲冠词代词介词短语数词及连词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了the，The，what，learning，was listed，applied，to use，roofs，restored，with等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语法项目(一)　冠　词　　冠词是高考语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、最高级、表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
如何判定填冠词[典例呈现](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr 61._________ first time.
[解析]　第一步：确定是否填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有名词time。第二步：判断是特指还是泛指。fr the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。
[技法点拨]第一步：确定是否填冠词　　分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。第二步：判断是特指还是泛指1．若空后有可数名词单数，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an；2．若空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the；3．看看是不是固定搭配。
考法　冠词的基本用法[试做经典]1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The meat shuld be fresh with _________ tuch f sweetness, and the surrunding sup ht, clear and delicius.a　考查冠词。a tuch f是固定搭配，意为“少许、微量”。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect _________ culture f grassrts Beijingers.the　考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语f grassrts Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。
3．(2022·全国甲卷)_________ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip. A　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
4．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Cvering an area abut three times _________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. the　考查冠词。此处用the，构成倍数表达法：倍数＋the size f＋名词。
5．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)_________ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. The　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填写冠词与Brwn family 构成名词短语作主语。“the＋姓氏”意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。空处位于句首，首字母应该大写。
6．(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). Then, when yu use ne sectin, _________ ther stays fresh.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后省略了名词sectin。the ther意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，空处应用定冠词。
7．(2024·青岛二模)Watching Liu wrk is _________ visual delight. a　考查冠词。此处为抽象名词具体化，空后的delight意为“令人享受的事情”，表泛指，visual的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。
8．(2024·惠州二模)Using shrt vides ver new media platfrms t prmte turism has becme _________ effective publicity channel. an　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示“一个有效的宣传渠道”，故前要加不定冠词表示单数概念，因空后effective的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
9．(2024·江苏五地第三次调研)They have _________ better flavr than the later batches which can be grwn vernight.a　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示“一个更好的口味”，为泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
10．(2024·株洲一模)One day, when we lk up at the sky, we may find that many satellites in _________ vast universe are lking back at us.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后universe 为名词，vast universe意为“浩瀚的宇宙”。此处表示唯一性，故用定冠词the。
11．(2024·娄底模拟)At the age f 27, she was named an inheritr (传承人) f Hua'er, becming _________ yungest inheritr f this traditinal art at the time. the　考查冠词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此处表示最高级，应用the来修饰。
12．(2024·十堰4月调研)After that talk with his mther, Jhn set abut making the effrt t learn the art frm and hped t change _________ idea that men culdn't learn embridery. the　考查冠词。根据句意可知，约翰希望改变的是“男人不能学习刺绣”这一观念，句中idea表特指，前面应加定冠词the。
[技法点拨]1．两个口诀巧判用the还是a/an(1)用定冠词the的情况：特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词、西洋乐器、序数词或最高级前；(2)用不定冠词a/an的情况：泛指一类人或物，与ne同义表“一”，和序数词一起表“又一、再一”。
2．五种可能填冠词的情况(1)填不定冠词a/an的情况：①a/an＋单数可数名词；②a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词。(2)填定冠词the的情况：①the(＋定语)＋名词＋f等介词短语；②the(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句；③the(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语。
3．根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词(1)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cld、 have a fever、 all f a sudden、 as a matter f fact、 as a result、 have a gift fr、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a gd knwledge f等；(2)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time、 n the cntrary、 t tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the mst/best f、 n the spt等；
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位；(4)a＋比较级(＋名词)，表示“一个更……的人或物”；(5)抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：surprise、 pleasure、 cmfrt、 danger、 success、 failure、 beauty等。
Test 1　　(2024·潮州一模)In 1998, an ec-museum was established in Sujia Mia, Yi and Hui Twnship, China's Guizhu Prvince. Cnsisting f 12 villages, including Gaxing Village, the ec-museum is different frm traditinal nes. It isn't enclsed by walls and 1._________ it shwcases is mre than varius cllectins.
　　Xing Shazhen, a 77-year-ld resident f Gaxing Village, weaves every day with a lm (织布机) in a wden huse, her daughter-in-law busy 2._________(learn) the craft frm her.“The cstumes, language, music and even the way f prductin f the lcal cmmunity are all living 3.___________(significance) exhibits，” said Lu Gang, head f the museum.
significant
　　A decade ag, Gaxing Village 4._________(list) in a traditinal Chinese villages catalg (目录). Hwever, Lu fund there were few lms left in the village. He 5._________(apply) fr a budget frm relevant departments and invited prfessinal craftsmen t prduce lms fr the villagers. He asked each villager that received the machine 6._________ (use) it and train an inheritr (继承者) f the lcal weaving technique. In additin, mst f the ld flk huses with their 7._________ (rf) made f straw needed regular replacement and Lu had their riginal appearance 8._________(restre).
　　There are 25 such ec-museums in the prvince, which are in line 9._________ sustainable develpment principles. Nt nly d they guide villagers t perfrm independent-management and activate their passin fr preserving their traditinal cultures, but they create mre jbs and give 10._________ bst t lcal turism.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了贵州省梭戛苗族彝族回族乡建立的生态博物馆。
1．what　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应用what引导。2．learning　考查固定搭配。be busy ding sth.是固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”。3．significant　考查形容词。空后是名词exhibits，所以空处应填形容词significant。
4．was listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以list应该作本句谓语，主语是Gaxing Village，两者之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据时间状语A decade ag可知，应用一般过去时；Gaxing Village是单数，故填was listed。5．applied　考查动词的时态。根据and可知，空处是和invited作本句的并列谓语，所以apply也用一般过去时。6．t use　考查固定搭配。ask sb.t d sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”。
7．rfs　考查名词复数。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，rf意为“屋顶”，为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，应用复数形式。8．restred　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词had，所以restre应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是appearance，两者之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。9．with　考查固定搭配。in line with是固定搭配，意为“符合……的”。10．a　考查固定搭配。give a bst t是固定搭配，意为“促进”。
Test 2　　(2024·江苏决胜新高考5月联考)Lcated in suth Anhui Prvince, the tw traditinal villages Xidi and Hngcun are architectural 1._________(cmplex), with a high histrical and artistic value. They still retain (保留) the riginal features f Anhui villages between the 14th and 20th centuries.
　　Xidi village 2.___________(cmpse) f mre than 300 civil residences, mst f which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Backed by picturesque hills and twering ancient wds, this village is nted 3._________ the harmny f its architecture and its clrful fields. The residential buildings are mstly black and white. The decratins display a strng flavr f the Ming and Qing dynasties. Ptted plants, fishing pls and flwerbeds give 4._________ whle village a sense f harmny with nature.
　　Hngcun village features its verall design 5._________ resembles the shape f an x. The ancient Academy f the Suth Lake casts its shadw in the lake and 6._________(create) a quiet scene tgether with ancient trees and graceful buildings arund it.
　　Xidi and Hngcun experienced 1，000 years f cntinuus 7.______________(transfrm) and develpment, all the while authentically 8._________ (preserve) their characters as traditinal Chinese villages. The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical f traditinal pre-mdern villages. 9.____________(additinal), the site preserves reginal art, custms, cuisine and ther frms f cultural and traditinal ways f life. Xidi and Hngcun are, withut dubt, ideal sites fr a cntemprary sciety 10.____________(research) traditinal village culture.
transfrmatin
Additinally
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安徽省南部的两个传统村落西递和宏村。
1．cmplexes　考查名词复数。architectural为形容词，空处应用名词，作表语，根据句中are可知，应用复数形式。2．is cmpsed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，Xidi village和cmpse之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Xidi village是单数，应填is cmpsed。3．fr　考查固定搭配。“be nted fr...”是固定搭配，意为“以……闻名”。
4．the　考查冠词。句中whle前应与定冠词the连用，特指“整个西递村”。5．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为design，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。6．creates　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据and可知，空处和casts作本句的并列谓语，应用第三人称单数形式。
7．transfrmatin　考查名词。cntinuus为形容词，空处应用名词，作宾语，transfrm的名词为transfrmatin，为不可数名词。8．preserving　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词experienced，空处应用非谓语动词，Xidi and Hngcun和preserve为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。9．Additinally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面整个句子，应用副词，作状语。10．t research　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表达“来进行研究”，表目的，所以用不定式。
语法项目(二)　代　词如何判定填代词[典例呈现](2024·福州第二次质检)I feel 65._________ ur respnsibility t cmmunicate abut the charm f the primitive inscriptin with the yunger generatins and freigners.
[解析]　第一步：确定是否填代词。动词feel后缺少宾语，且空后没给提示词，故需要填代词。第二步：确定代词的种类和形式。句子真正的宾语是不定式，空处应用it作形式宾语，feel it ur respnsibility t d sth.意为“觉得做某事是我们的责任”。
[技法点拨]第一步：确定是否填代词　　分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用it。第二步：判断是否指代上文中提到的人或物　　分析句子结构，发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时，应考虑用相应的代词。
考法　代词的基本用法[试做经典]1．(2024·淄博一模)It's extremely dry here, with the amunt f annual evapratin (蒸发) being mre than 60 times _________ f the annual rainfall. that　考查代词。此处意为“年降雨量”，是同类异物特指，空处用代词that替代前面提到的the amunt。
2．(2024·齐鲁名校联盟联考)Even s, _________ was nt until the Republic f China era in the 1910s that there were sme nticeable results in prmting a cmmn unified language in China.it　考查固定句型。“It was nt ”是强调句型，意为“直到……才……”。
3．(2024·泰安三模)The authrs say, “_________ is time t start understanding and discussing AI's ptential.”It　考查固定句型。“it is time t d sth.”意为“是做某事的时候了”。
4．(2024·广东2月大联考)Yang Cunxin, wh was brn and raised next t the statin and later wrked there, feels _________ a duty t tell the stry f its cnnectin t China's histry. it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，本句的宾语为动词不定式短语，空处应用it作形式宾语。
5．(2024·雅礼中学月考)The Chinese gvernment has increasingly invested in the prtectin f tangible (物质的)and intangible cultural heritage natinwide, by building museums, hsting mre events. Yu name _________．it　考查代词。“Yu name it.”意为“你想得到的都有，凡是你说得出的(应有尽有)”，是习惯表达。
6．(2024·辽宁教研联盟一模)_________ keeps my brain active t cmmunicate with peple nline.It　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，动词不定式t cmmunicate with peple nline是真正的主语，空处是形式主语，应用it，首字母应大写。
7．(2024·宁波4月模拟)Once the perfrmance starts, the actr keeps pulling dwn ne mask after _________ in swift mvements t cnvey different emtins.anther　考查固定搭配。ne after anther是固定搭配，意为“一个又一个、一个接一个”。
8．(2024·重庆八中二模)Studies at Harvard Business Schl shw that thugh sme individuals may be mre creative than _________， almst every individual can be creative in the right circumstances.thers　考查代词。“”是固定搭配，意为“一些……其他……”，根据句中sme individuals可知，空处应用thers，表示“其他人”。
9．(2024·蚌埠质检)It was ne f the three natinwide celebratins back then. The _________ tw were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. ther　考查代词。根据空前一句的句意可知，空处所在句表示“另外两个是元宵节和中秋节”，空处意为“其他的”，用ther。
10．Anne, a shrt vide talent frm Omaha, USA, filmed a reactin vide t the artistry and psted _________ nline. it　考查代词。根据句意可知，空处指代上文的a reactin vide，应用it。
[技法点拨]1．句意清，指代明　　当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词。(1)如果空前出现了可数名词单数或不可数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据指代的情况用he、she或it；(2)如果空前出现了可数名词单数或不可数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据指代的情况用him、her或it；(3)如果空前出现了可数名词复数，并且空处作主语，用they；(4)如果空前出现了可数名词复数，并且空处作宾语，用them。
2．it的用法(1)指代天气、时间、距离等；(2)代替上文提到过的事物；(3)it可作形式主语或形式宾语；(4)it常用的固定用法：①It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他；②when it cmes t...当谈到……；③as sb. puts it正如某人所说；④make it成功；take it easy别紧张；g it加油；get it明白
3．熟记常见代词的区别(1)二者选其一用either；二者都不选用neither；(2)若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用anther；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the ther，常用结构： ther...；若表示“其余的、另外的”，在名词前用ther；若泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，不跟名词且指代复数，用thers，常用结构：；(3)若指代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词则用that；若指代可数名词复数用thse；(4)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”用ne；若指代复数形式用nes。
Test 1　　(2024·江苏新高考基地学校大联考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hurs sitting in her ffice in Hunchun, Jilin Prvince t make a 1.____________(cmpare) f hundreds f phts f Siberian tigers n the cmputer.
　　“It seems a little bring, but 2._________(basic) I enjy the wrk, which makes a cnnectin between me and the big cats，” said the 36-year-ld mnitr frm the search mnitring center f the Nrtheast China Tiger and Lepard Natinal Park. The park 3._________ (stretch) acrss the prvinces f Jilin and Heilngjiang.
　　Duan is respnsible fr identifying the tigers accrding t patterns n 4._________ (they) fur and giving them smething like 5._________ identity card. 　　The park, 6._________ size exceeds (超过) 1.4 millin hectares, is the mst imprtant habitat fr wild Siberian tigers and Amur lepards in China. 　　The Siberian tigers' “ID cards” cme 7._________ a lt f imprtant basic data that aids scientific cnservatin. 8._________(base) n such infrmatin, Duan draws the family trees f the tigers.
　　Recent years 9. _______________(see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number f wild animals and mre tiger families have been fund, including sme back tw r three generatins. 　　“I feel quite hnred t be invlved in such significant wrk，” Duan said. “10._________(create) a mre beautiful wrld, humans and wild animals, I hpe, can live in harmny.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员段连儒的工作及意义。
has/have seen
1．cmparisn　考查名词。此处作宾语且空前有不定冠词a，应用可数名词单数形式。2．basically　考查副词。此处修饰后面整句话，应用副词形式作状语。3．stretches　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The park是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。4．their　考查代词。此处修饰名词fur，应用形容词性物主代词。
5．an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一张身份证”，应用不定冠词，identity的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。6．whse　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是park，关系词在从句中作size的定语，应用关系代词whse。7．with　考查介词。此处指东北虎的“身份证”上有很多重要的基础数据，有助于科学保护。空处应用介词with，意为“带有”。8．Based　考查非谓语动词。be based n意为“根据、以……为基础”，为固定短语，空处省略be动词，应使用过去分词作状语。
9．has/have seen　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由句意可知，此处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Recent years被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体时，谓语动词也可以用复数，即助动词可以使用has或have。10．T create　考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。
Test 2　　(2024·海南高考全真模拟)By drawing n the surface f a cup f tea, chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick has becme ppular. Hwever, 10 years ag, this typical technique was clse t 1._____________(disappear) cmpletely.　　“It in fact requires dzens f prcesses, and they are nt easy 2.___________(cmplete)，” Zhang Zhifeng, a perfrmer f chabaixi, said.
disappearing
　　As a special art frm in China, 3._________ had nce been as nrmal as drawing and playing instruments, chabaixi can create endless 4._________(pattern) such as bambs and muntains r even calligraphy such as autgraphs and shrt prverbs.　　“It is 5._________(ttal) different frm making latte (拿铁) because we use clear water as the bject t inject int the cup instead f milk. But when the water 6._________(tuch) the surface f stirred tea, it turns int a white clr and disappears in 20 minutes，” Zhang explained.
　　This technique 7._________(list) as part f China's Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recvered by Zhang. “This technique is the key 8._________ tea culture 　　frm the Sng Dynasty, and it wuld be such 9._________ shame t let it fade. 10._________ is als necessary that this technique must be passed n t the next generatins s they can have a better understanding f the histry behind it，” Zhang added.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种古老的中国茶艺——茶百戏。
1．disappearing　考查非谓语动词。根据句意以及空前的介词t并分析句子可知，空处应该填disappearing作介词t的宾语。2．t cmplete　考查固定句型。主语＋be＋adj.＋t d为固定句型，其中不定式用主动形式。3．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a special art frm为物，且空处在定语从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。4．patterns　考查名词复数。根据所给可数名词pattern以及空前的endless可知，空处应填pattern的复数形式。
5．ttally　考查副词。空处修饰形容词different，应用副词形式，作状语。6．tuches　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。后面主句的时态是一般现在时，时间状语从句的时态也应该是一般现在时；主语water为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。7．was listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处是该句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语in 2017可知，应用一般过去时；句子的主语This technique和动词list之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语This technique为单数，谓语动词应用单数形式。
8．t　考查介词。the key t...意为“……的关键”。根据句意和空前的名词key可知，空处应填介词t和名词key搭配。9．a　考查冠词。此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，shame的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。10．It　考查固定句型。空处应填It作形式主语，构成固定句型：It＋be＋adj.＋that从句，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
语法项目(三)　介词(短语)、数词　　高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意和对知识的掌握提出了较高的要求。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语并熟记其意义和用法。近几年，高考对数词鲜有考查。
如何判定填介词[典例呈现](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshuse stands 63._________ a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute that/which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
[解析]　第一步：确定是否填介词。分析句子结构，发现空后的名词achievement在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，其前应填介词。第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案。分析句子结构，发现空处在不及物动词stand后名词achievement前，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“该玻璃温室作为当代设计的伟大成就而存在”可知，此处为stand as，意为“作为……存在”。
[技法点拨]第一步：确定是否填介词　　分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案1．分析句子结构，发现空格在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配；2．分析句子结构，发现空格在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；3．分析句子结构，发现空格在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
考法1　介词(短语)的基本用法[试做经典]1．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility _________ saving their envirnment.fr　考查介词。take respnsibility fr是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)Thanks t Beijing's lng histry _________ the capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric events. as　考查介词。根据句意可知，as是介词，意为“作为”，符合句意。
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were als Shakespeare's cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang's play The Peny Pavilin(《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways _________ Rme and Juliet.t　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处在形容词similar后名词Rme and Juliet前，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似”可知，此处为be similar t，意为“与……相似”。
4．(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.fr　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处在不及物动词preserve后名词peple前，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；再根据句意“要妥善保护这个地区，以供全国人民欣赏”可知，此处表示“为了”。
5．(2024·济南一模)An ancient stne gate first greets yur eyes _________the entrance t the village.at　考查介词。在某个“小地点”时，可使用介词at。at the entrance意为“在入口处”。
6．(2024·潍坊一模)She greets her fans _________a sweet, gentle vice just like any ther livestreamer.in　考查介词。此处表达“用甜美温柔的声音”，应用介词in表示“用……”之意。
7．(2024·泰州中学一模)_________feeling happy, which is a temprary state, leading a happier life is abut individual grwth by finding meaning thrugh the whle life.Unlike　考查介词。此处表示“暂时的幸福”和“更幸福的生活”的比较，这两种幸福是不同的，需用介词unlike，位于句首首字母大写。
8．(2024·苏北七市二模)In ancient times, the drums were played _________New Year's Eve at the imperial palace t bring peace. n　考查介词。New Year's Eve是“除夕”，在具体的某一天前用介词n。
9．(2024·盐城第三次模拟)A research center has als been established, _________experts frm hme and verseas jintly prviding suggestins fr their prtectin.with　考查介词。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处应用介词with。
10．(2024·江门一模)The Yutu-2 is named _________ the pet rabbit f the Chinese mn gddess Chang'e.after　考查介词。be named after是固定搭配，意为“以……命名”。
11．(2024·茂名二模)Jhannes Vermeer is famus arund the wrld _________his paintings f calm scenes in dmestic settings, accrding t the museum.fr　考查介词。表示“以……闻名”用短语be famus fr。
12．(2024·衡阳二模)Livestck stay n the grund flr, while peple always live ___________it.abve/ver　考查介词。根据上文的“Livestck stay n the grund flr”以及表示“对比”的连词while可知，此处应表示“在……上方”，用介词abve或ver。
13．(2024·湖北七市3月联考)Over a decade ag, McKenzie said researchers discvered a link _________exercise and fcus in children. between　考查介词。“”是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。
14．(2024·福建高三4月联考)_________the same time, they shall assume respnsibility and fight as best as they can. Since ancient times, Wing Chun has been a technique fr gentlemen.At　考查介词。at the same time是固定短语，意为“同时”，句首字母需大写。
[技法点拨]1．辨逻辑，联想恰当介词(1)表示时间的in、n和at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；②n表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示交通方式的by和n/in①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词；②n/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(3)表示“用……”的by、in和with①by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如：by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phne/hand；②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(4)fr：①(表示去向)往、向，如：leave fr(动身去……)；②为得到、为获取；③表示一段时间，如：fr tw years (两年)；④因为、由于；⑤就……而言。(5)beynd：①在……另一边；②在……更远处；③超出、非……所能及。(6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后，如：wrk as(从事……工作)、serve as(可用作……)、 act as(担任、充当……)。(7)despite/in spite f意为“尽管”。
2．依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配，如： (把……误认为……)、(致力于……)。(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：(a) lack f (缺乏……)、n ne's wn/by neself(靠自己)。(3)与形容词搭配，如：be absent frm (缺席)、be curius abut (对……感到好奇)。
(4)其他搭配，如：(从……到……)、(在……和……之间)。(5)介词短语，如：by accident (偶然)、in truble (处于困境中)、in turn(依次，转而)。
考法2　数词的基本用法[试做经典]1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp's fables date t the _________(six) century B．C．sixth　考查数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。
2．(2024·龙岩3月质检)Li Xingchang, 68, is the _________(eight) inheritr in his family.eighth　考查数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词inheritr，所以空处填序数词eighth。
3．(2024·重庆南开中学质检)A recent reprt shwed that in the whle cuntry, the barbecue is _________(tw) nly t ht pt amng late-night dining ptins.secnd　考查数词。根据后面的nly t可知，此处表示“第二大夜宵选择”，所以用序数词。
4．There I met a gentleman by the name f Kurien in his late _________(eighty).eighties　考查数词。in ne's late eighties意为“在某人快九十岁时”。
5．Back in the _________(ninety), he wuld remain at the z fr almst three mnths t stay with the pandas during the breeding seasn.nineties　考查数词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在九十年代”，空处应用nineties。
6．It is reprted that the flds have left _________(thusand) f peple hmeless.thusands　考查数词。thusands f意为“数以千计的”。
[技法点拨]1．基数词变序数词规律(1)一般由基数词加th构成，如：sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth；(2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加th，如：twentieth、thirtieth；(3)不规则变形，如：first、secnd、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。
2．年龄、年代表达法(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in ne's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in ne's fifties(在某人五十多岁时)；(2)表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”， 如：in the thirties(在三十年代)。
Test 1　　(2024·东莞二模)When Lin Zhanxi first intrduced mushrm cultivatin(培育) t the Gbi Desert residents f Ningxia, he didn't expect such a phenmenal success. 1._________inventr f junca, a methd that uses grass cuttings as substrate (培养基) fr grwing eatable and medicinal mushrms, has lng been cmmitted 2._________expanding the methd in pverty relief.
　　In the 1980s, as a prfessr at Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University, Lin experimented with grass instead f lgs t grw mushrms because lgs weren't 3._________(ready) available fr many rural husehlds while grass, 4._________leaves and rts can be used fr eclgical management, is an essential multi-functinal agricultural resurce. In 1986, Lin made it, and sn his methd 5._____________ (adpt) by 51 cunties in Fujian.
　　When junca was made a key prject in the pairing-ff cperatin between Fujian and Ningxia in 1997, Lin advcated 6._________(take) advantage f abandned cave dwellings (窑洞) fr grwing mushrms in Ningxia. The prject dubled the farmers' yearly incme that year.
　　The success made junca7._________(prmte) in 506 China's cunties and it was then intrduced t 106 develping cuntries. This wrld-famus innvatin 8.____________(bring) welfare t millins f peple s far. What tuched Lin mst during his jurney t ther cuntries t help develp junca technlgy was that a freign minister even named his daughter after junca in hnr f China's 9._________ (assist).
　　“I feel I have a new missin 10._________(shulder), even after China wins its battle t reduce pverty. I can still fresee the imprtance f junca in helping farmers better their situatin and imprving the eclgy and the envirnment arund us，” he said.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了菌草的发明者林占熺长期以来一直致力于在扶贫中推广菌草，对扶贫做出了巨大贡献的故事。
1．The　考查冠词。此处为特指一种以草屑为基质种植食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇的方法，所以用定冠词。2．t　考查介词。be cmmitted t为固定搭配，意为“致力于”。3．readily　考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词。4．whse　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是grass，空处在定语从句中作定语，所以应用whse。
5．was adpted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语methd之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时；主语methd为单数，故填was adpted。6．taking　考查固定搭配。advcate ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“主张做某事”。
7．prmted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语补足语，应用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语junca之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词。8．has brught　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语s far可知，应使用现在完成时；主语This wrld-famus innvatin为单数，助动词用has。9．assistance　考查名词。空处在句中作宾语，应用名词。10．t shulder　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作后置定语，表示一个尚未发生的不确定的动作，应用动词不定式。
Test 2　　(2024·湖北4月调研)China will build the wrld's largest natinal park system, and a layut plan will be released sn.The plan is being drafted 1._________(meet) the requirements f building a system with the largest scale f prtectin, the mst diverse gegraphical features and the highest cnservatin value in the wrld. Under the plan, which 2.__________________ (launch) by the administratin in 2019, abut 50 areas have been selected as candidates fr natinal parks.
was launched
The parks are expected t cver 10 percent f the 3._________(cuntry) land area and preserve mre than 80 percent f the key natinal 4._________(prtect) wild plant and animal species. In Octber, China annunced its first grup f five natinal parks, cvering 5._________ttal land area f mre than 230,000 square kilmeters. Since their establishment, the parks 6.___________(make) achievements in envirnmental and species prtectin.
“At the same time, a new grup f natinal parks are being established 7._________an rderly manner and will be put int use as sn as pssible，” emphasized Li, the Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin fficial. Li als said at the news cnference n Mnday 8._________China's planted frest cnservatin area has reached 87.6 millin hectares, 9._________(rank) N.1 in the wrld. China is als ne f the 12 cuntries with the 10._________(rich) bidiversity in the wrld, he added.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国将建设世界上最大的国家公园体系，不久将发布布局规划。该规划正在起草中，以满足建设世界上保护规模最大、地理特征最多样、保护价值最高的体系的要求。
1．t meet　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。2．was launched　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；根据时间状语 in 2019可知，应用一般过去时；先行词the plan与launch之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；the plan为单数，故填was launched。
3．cuntry's　考查名词所有格。此处作定语，应用名词所有格形式。4．prtected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语。wild plant and animal species与prtect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。5．a　考查冠词。“cver a(n) f”是固定搭配，意为“占地……；覆盖多大面积”，ttal的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。6．have made　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；根据时间状语Since their establishment可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语the parks是复数，助动词用have。
7．in　考查介词。in an rderly manner是固定搭配，意为“有条不紊地”。8．that　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，该宾语从句成分齐全，句意完整，应用that引导。9．ranking　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示一种自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。10．richest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句中in the wrld可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。
语法项目(四)　连　词　　对连词的考查主要涉及并列连词和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。
如何判定填连词[典例呈现](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Recalling watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language 65._________see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed.”
[解析]　第一步：判断是否填连词。分析句子结构可知，短语hear the Chinese language和see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed之间存在逻辑关系。第二步：确定具体的连词。分析句子结构可知，短语hear the Chinese language和see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed之间是并列关系，应填and。
[技法点拨]第一步：确定并列连词　　如果两个单词、短语、分句之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。第二步：确定引导词　　如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
考法1　并列连词[试做经典]1．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn't wrk, _________smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.but/yet　考查连词。根据句意可知，前后分句间是转折关系，应用but或yet。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)During China's dynastic perid, emperrs planned the city f Beijing _________arranged the residential areas accrding t scial classes. and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系，应用连词and连接。
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu're shpping fr ne, buying extra t benefit frm price reductins desn't make sense. Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme _________ yu can't use what yu've bught while it's still fresh.r　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前后两个分句之间是选择关系。意为“要么……要么……”，为固定用法。
4．(2024·扬州考前调研)She ntes that it's suitable fr bth persnal and grup cnsumptin, and can be drunk quickly _________enjyed fr a whle afternn.r　考查连词。根据句意可知，前后句之间为选择关系，应用连词r。
5．Weak and dizzy, I was abut t fall t the grund _________smene tk hld f me.when　考查连词。“be abut t ”为固定句型，意为“正要做……这时……”。
6．Still, eat well and enjy yurself every day in life, _________yu will get a wrthwhile reward.and　考查连词。此处为固定句型“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”，结合句意可知，应用连词and。
7．Hardly had we arrived at the farm _________we saw many ranges hanging frm the branches.when　考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为固定句型“”，意为“一……就……”。
[技法点拨]1．关系分析法　　分析空格前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、、、 nt (als)...等；(2)表示选择关系的连词有r、等；(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 等；(4)表示因果关系的连词有s、 fr等。
2．句型法(1)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句(2)be 正在做……，这时……be abut t 正要做……，这时……had just 刚做完……，这时……一……就……
考法2　定语从句[试做经典]1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, _________is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia”， add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare's hmetwn.wh　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指人，先行词是Tang Xianzu，故应用wh引导。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, _________became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias，应用which。
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute _________brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语the Silk Rute，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。
4．(2024·淄博一模)The Crescent Spring, _________terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has becme a rmantic scenic spt.whse　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Crescent Spring，空处在从句中作定语，修饰名词terrain and landscape，应用关系代词whse。
5．(2024·枣庄一模)He has wrked in many cmpanies in China and als married a girl in Beijing, _________has allwed him t knw China better.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代前面的句子，在从句中作主语，应用which。
6．(2024·山东省实验中学一模)There are many different types f quyi-perfrmance in China, such as pingshu and shuanghuang, amng _________the crsstalk is mst ppular.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词types，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。
7．(2024·滨州二模)The barbecue craze in Zib began n March 8, 2023, _________a grup f cllege students rde a high-speed train t the city t eat skewers.when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词March 8, 2023，且从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。
8．(2024·漳州第三次质检)During the activity, yu are encuraged t intrduce yur favrite English literature t us and state the reasn _________yu like it.why　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少主干成分，且先行词是reasn，应用why。
9．(2024·厦门第二次质检)The pstal service hall is n lnger a traditinal ne, prviding a new scene _________ citizens can scialize and experience pstal culture.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scene，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。
10．There was nce a twn in the heart f America _________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词twn，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
[技法点拨]第一步：确定是定语从句　　分析句子结构，空处无提示词，空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句　　在先行词的后面出现逗号的往往是非限制性定语从句。1．that、 why不能引导非限制性定语从句；2．which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容，可在从句中充当实义动词的主语；3．as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)1．先行词指人用that、wh、whm、whse；2．先行词指物用that、which、whse；3．表示时间、地点、原因用when、where、why。　
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词1．缺少主语用that、which、wh；2．缺少动词的宾语用that、which、wh、whm；3．缺少介词的宾语用whm、which；4．缺少定语用whse；5．缺少时间、地点或原因状语用when、where、why。
考法3　名词性从句[试做经典]1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists.This is _________they need an English trainer. why　考查表语从句。根据句意可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，意为“这就是……的原因。”
2．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in _________is nw nrthwestern Wyming. They were part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作主语，应用what。
3．(2024·海南高三学业水平诊断)There is n dubt _________China's AI industry will have an infinitely bright future.that　考查同位语从句。“there is n dubt that...”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句，起解释说明的作用。
4．(2024·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)_________are knwn as imprtant aspects f the traditinal Chinese calendar, such as hlidays, seasnal divisins, and the 24 slar terms, came frm these astrnmical bservatins.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的(东西等)”，应用what，句首单词首字母需大写。
5．(2024·辽宁名校联盟3月适应性考试)It's reprted _________many scenes were sht n the grunds f distinguished Chinese scientific institutes.that　考查主语从句。“It's reprted that...”为固定句型，意为“据报道……”，该句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
6．(2024·潍坊二模)It suggests simply eating smaller meals, less frequently, is _________ultimately leads t weight lss.what　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，suggests后为省略了that的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，空处需引导名词性从句作is的表语，表语从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what。
7．(2024·广东名校5月模拟)We are s casual and careless abut _________we use things arund us t make us fun, but it is imprtant fr ur happiness and health.hw　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词hw引导。
8．(2024·蚌埠第四次质检)Hwever, the timing f the festival varies between regins, because f the difference in _________flwering begins.when　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据句意可知，空处意为“什么时候”，应用when。
9．(2024·海南高三一模)It's just because that persn isn't great at _________is knwn in psychlgy as perspective taking (换位思考).what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的(东西等)”，应用what。
10．(2024·大连二模)She has been wrking hard at her art since the age f tw; that was _________Wang Shi Chiang first became aware f his daughter's interest in painting.when　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when。
[技法点拨]1．两个技巧搞定名词性从句(1)分析句子成分①从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分；②从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句；if引导及物动词后的宾语从句；③从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、wh、whm、which、whatever等；④从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where、when、hw、why等。
(2)结合句意和引导词的本义解题 有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义，如whether/if (是否)、whever (任何人)、whatever (任何事)、because (因为)、why (为什么)等。结合句意和语境，不难解决这类试题。
2．掌握常见的it句型(1)It be＋形容词＋主语从句；(2)It be＋过去分词＋that从句；(3)It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a gd news)＋that从句。3．牢记that和what的区别(1)that没有词义，且在从句中不作任何成分；(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西等)”(有时可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
考法4　状语从句[试做经典]1．(2024·潍坊一模)Hwever, she had just made majr prgress in livestreaming _________her cnditin wrsened t the edge f death.when　考查状语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用when引导。
2．(2024·江苏前黄中学一模)There is s much t take in ______disciples (学徒) usually start their career as yung children，spending years cnditining their bdies and minds fr the stage.that　考查状语从句。此处为“”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
3．(2024·安徽皖江联盟最后一卷)_________________________histric and natural wnders are still the pririties, Chinese turists nw prefer a mre rural experience.Thugh/Althugh/While　考查状语从句。根据句中的“Chinese turists nw prefer a mre rural experience”可知，逗号前的内容为让步状语从句，空处表示“尽管”，应填Thugh或Althugh或While。
Thugh/Althugh/While
4．(2024·重庆高考模拟调研)Kam Waihi shaved her hair n May 12 in recgnitin f her friend Kathi Tait, wh has been dealing with alpecia areata (斑秃)_________she was nine years ld.since　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“she was nine years ld”是时间状语从句，结合其前的现在完成进行时“has been dealing with”可知，此处应用since引导时间状语从句，表示动作的起点。
5．(2024·葫芦岛二模)Emperr Liu Che wuld establish a cuju field _________his army went.wherever　考查状语从句。根据句意可知，空处应用wherever，意为“无论去哪里”，引导地点状语从句。
6．(2024·青岛二模)Yu can't be t careful t cntrl the knife, _________nce there is a wrng cut, yu need t start all ver again.because　考查状语从句。根据句意可知，空后句子为空前内容的原因，应填because引导原因状语从句。
[技法点拨]1．句意法(1)while、 when、 as、 since、 befre、 after等引导时间状语从句； (2)because、 since、 as、 nw that等引导原因状语从句；(3)if、 unless、 nce等引导条件状语从句； (4)thugh、 althugh、 while等引导让步状语从句； (5)in case等引导目的或条件状语从句； (6)where、 when引导地点、时间状语从句； (7)whatever、 whenever、 hwever、 whichever、 wherever 等引导让步状语从句。
2．固定句式法(1)如此……以至于……(2)直到……才……(3)It will/wn't be＋一段时间＋befre...过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……(4)It is＋一段时间＋since...自从……以来已经多长时间了。(5) (nt)...无论……还是……
Test 1　　(2024·曲靖二模)Gathering mre than 200 f China's cultural relic experts tgether, a cntest fcusing n antique restratin 1._________ (take) place in Taiyuan, Nrth China's Shanxi Prvince n Mar. 26, 2023. 2._________(arrange) by the Natinal Cultural Heritage Administratin, a large number f 3.____________(participant) shwed their skills by wrking n authentic histrical relics.
participants
　　Ta Zhngjun, 4._________Chinese histrian, said, “Real relics fr repairers are what a gd canvas (画布) is t a painter.” The cultural relic repairers 5._______________(chse) frm six categries t reveal the cuntry's strictly designed relics cnservatin schemes (规划).
　　Li Qun, a vice minister f culture and turism, said that the cmpetitin aims t select and train sme6._________(high) skilled relic experts s as t establish a talent trp that pssess up-t-date restratin skills.
　　Searching fr talents frm 27 prvinces arund the cuntry, the cmpetitin is the largest event fr 7._________(select) future talents ever held in China's cultural relic industry. Yu Jiadng, 8._________is a vice minister f human resurces and scial security, said that China is striving t build a 9.___________(prfessin) cmpetitin system with Chinese characteristics and that this cmpetitin is 10._________great imprtance t this field.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个聚集了200多名中国文物专家的古董修复比赛，旨在选拔和培训一些技能更高的文物专家，以建立一个具有最新修复技能的人才队伍。
1．tk　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词。根据时间状语n Mar.26, 2023可知，应使用一般过去时。2．Arranged　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词。arrange与主句主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。3．participants　考查名词复数。根据a large number f可知，此处应用名词复数形式。 4．a　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且Chinese的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
5．were chsen　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词。照应上文谓语动词said，空处也应为一般过去时；主语repairers和chse之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，故填were chsen。 6．highly　考查副词。此处修饰形容词skilled，应使用副词。7．selecting　考查非谓语动词。介词fr后应用动名词作宾语。
8．wh　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Yu Jiadng，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。9．prfessinal　考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语cmpetitin system，应使用形容词。 10．f　考查固定搭配。be f great imprtance是固定搭配，意为“具有重要性”。
Test 2　　(2024·泰安二模)Thanks t abundant rainfall and the patient effrt f the lcal gvernment, Jinan, 1._________prvincial capital f Shandng that 2._________(title) as the “city f springs”， has seen a year f remarkable achievement.
　　The Batu Spring, a famus scenic spt in the city's Lixia district, saw its water table beynd 30 meters n Oct.11 t reach the 3._________(high) level fr that time f year since it started gushing (喷涌) again in 2003.Since early this year, the spring's water table 4._________(be) n the rise, the water affairs bureau says. There are 1，209 artesian (自然流淌的) springs in Jinan, accrding t a list 5._________(publish) in September, 2022.　
　　The suthern hilly area, 6._________als cllects and generates the spring water, is higher than the river plain t the nrth. The grundwater flws dwnward and gushes ut at the ft f the hills. In sme springs, bubbles are seen rising frm the bedrck. The water is s clear in every spring that 7._________(turist) can see the bttm f the springs. The Black Tiger Spring riginates 8._________ a 3-meter-deep, 1.7-meter-wide 9._________(nature) cave. Its name cmes frm the raring sund it makes 10._________water gushes ut f tiger head-shaped stnes. 　　The springs in Jinan are a way f life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山东省会济南的几处著名的泉水。
1．the　考查冠词。capital意为“省会”，是名词，前面应加the，表示特指。2．is titled　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Jinan，空处是从句谓语，和that指代的先行词Jinan之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；描述客观事实，用一般现在时；Jinan为单数，故填is titled。3．highest　考查形容词的最高级。根据定冠词the和句意可知，此处表示“最高水位”，用形容词最高级形式。
4．has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since early this year可知，用现在完成时；主语the spring's water table是第三人称单数，助动词用has。5．published　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。名词a list和publish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。6．which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The suthern hilly area，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。