2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第一讲动词

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第一讲动词，共23页。
动词是历年高考的必考点，而且考查数量占比最大。对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中取得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多样，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态、虚拟语气及主谓一致)，非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词形式)及动词词形的变化。
如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
[典例呈现]
[典例1] (2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets 62._________(start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
[解析] 第一步：确定是否填谓语。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，空处在句中作谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语Over the last tw years可知，空处应该用现在完成时；主语sme supermarkets是动作start的发出者，应用主动语态；根据空前的复数主语sme supermarkets可知，助动词应用复数形式。
[答案] have started
[典例2] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)T eat ne, yu have t decide whether 57._________(bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，58.r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue (舌头).
[解析] 第一步：确定是否作谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词decide后的成分为宾语，连词whether后没有主语，故此处应用非谓语动词。
第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，不定式须用主动形式，且空处与下文的t put是并列关系。
[答案] t bite
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语
1．分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词；
2．分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，且不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。
第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
1．看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
2．看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
3．看人称和数，确保主谓一致。
第三步：若填非谓语动词，就要确定填何种非谓语形式
1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时，常用动词-ing形式；
2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时，常用过去分词形式；
3．提示词在句中作目的状语或表示意料之外的结果时，常用动词不定式形式。
语法项目(一) 谓语动词
考法1 谓语动词的时态
[试做经典]
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse _________(walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
walks 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；本句描述了the Silk Rute Garden的客观情况，时态用一般现在时；walk在此作动词，意为“(循序渐进地)教、逐步引导”，与主语the Silk Rute Garden之间为主动关系；且主语表示第三人称单数，应用walks。
2．(2024·青岛二模)Dugh (面团) sculpture, als knwn as dugh flwers, _________(date) back t the Han Dynasty (202-220BCE).
dates 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。date back t (追溯到)无被动形式；根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语Dugh sculpture为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Ca _________(walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's highest muntain.
has walked 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Ca为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。
4．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics—many f them climate scientists—_________(prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
have prmised 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since the effrt started tw years ag可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语academics为复数，助动词应用have。
5．(2023·浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften _________(feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars (柱子). The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by spacius hmes and walled gardens.
featured 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作谓语。结合上下文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
6．(2024·唐山一模)Nw, this little-knwn written language _________(experience) smething f a rebirth.
is experiencing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Nw可知，此处应用现在进行时；主语this little-knwn written language为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
7．(2024·辽宁高三二模)Because f this intercnnected relatinship it means that if ne system is disturbed, it _________(result) in the ther system being disturbed.
will result 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，“if ne system is disturbed”为if引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时，因此遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“it _________(result) in the ther system being disturbed”应用一般将来时。
8．(2024·大连二模)By the time she was sixteen, Yani _________(paint) mre than ten thusand pictures.
had painted 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句“By the time she was sixteen”可知，此处应用过去完成时。
9．(2024·阜新4月联考)A reprt shwed that a crwd f residents f Jianghua Ya Autnmus Cunty, Hunan Prvince, _________(sing) and danced n Saturday t celebrate the cming f Jingzhe r the Awakening f Insects.
sang 考查动词的时态。根据and danced可知，此处应用一般过去时。
10．(2024·济南二模)Obviusly, the business _________(grw) since the beginning f this year.
has grwn/has been grwing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since the beginning f this year可知，此处应用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去开始持续到现在并将持续下去。主语 the business为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。
11．(2024·保定二模)Fr mst f the children, it was the first time in their lives that they_________(watch) a mvie n such a “giant” screen, as there is n cinema in the village.
had watched 考查固定句型。在“it was the first time that...”句型中，that从句使用过去完成时，为固定用法。
12．(2024·济南一模)It is high time that we _________(embrace) the bright spring.
embraced/shuld embrace 考查固定句型。在“It is (high/abut) time that...”句型中，that从句中的动词用一般过去时或shuld d。
[技法点拨]
1．标志词判断法
在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志词，可根据所给时间状语来确定对应时态：
(1)一般现在时：smetimes、ften、every week/day/year/mrning等；
(2)一般过去时：yesterday、last week/night/year/mnth、the ther day、in＋过去的年份、时间段＋ag、时间段＋later等；
(3)现在进行时：lk、listen、nw、at present、at this mment/time等；
(4)过去进行时：at that time/mment等；
(5)一般将来时：tmrrw、next week/year、in＋时间段、in the future等；
(6)将来进行时：at this time tmrrw等；
(7)现在完成时：since＋时间点、recently、lately、already、s far、ever since、up t/until/by nw、during/ver/in the last/past＋时间段、in/ver recent＋时间段等；
(8)过去完成时：by then、until then、by/befre/till the end f＋过去的时间点等。
2．瞻前顾后找并列
(1)表示并列的连词有and、but、r、rather than、、nt (als)...等；
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3．语境暗示法
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，但没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显，通过正确理解语境即通过语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
4．固定句型判断法
(1)be ；
(2)This/It/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在完成时；
(3)This/It/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用过去完成时；
(4)It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth. did...；
(5)by the time＋sb./sth. did...，主语＋had dne...；
(6)n sner had ＋主语＋ dne ＋主语＋ had ＋主语＋dne... when ＋主语＋did...；
(7)It's (high/abut) time that sb. did/shuld d sth.
考法2 谓语动词的语态
[试做经典]
1．(2024·全国甲卷)What shuld _________(d) with such a beautiful place? They wndered ut lud.
be dne 考查动词的语态。主语What与d之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；空前的shuld是情态动词，其后应用动词原形。
2．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I _________(amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
was amazed 考查动词的时态和语态。由下文时态可知，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
3．(2022·浙江卷1月)Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like—frequently by plane—_________(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
is viewed/has been viewed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语，与谓语之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, _________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk frm Shakespeare's birthplace.
was built 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，主语是a six-meter-tall pavilin，与build之间是被动关系；此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语为单数，be动词应用was。
5．The cat yu bught fr me is made f a kind f clth that _________(wash) easily.
washes 考查动词的语态。此处为主动形式表示被动意义，表示主语a kind f clth具有某种“性质”使得动作wash得以进行。
[技法点拨]
1．依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态； 若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为： be＋过去分词，被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。
(3)只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
2．常考的几种时态的被动语态
(1)一般现在时：am/is/are dne；
(2)一般过去时：was/were dne；
(3)一般将来时：will be dne；
(4)过去将来时：wuld be dne；
(5)现在完成时：has/have been dne；
(6)过去完成时：had been dne。
3．主动形式表被动含义的句式结构：
(1)当feel、lk、smell、taste、sund等系动词后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、pen、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
考法3 主谓一致
[试做经典]
1．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, _________(mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
means 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。上下文的时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable develpment f this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut _________(be) als Shakespeare's cncerns.
were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语Sme f the things为复数，且此处描述过去的事，故填were。
3．(2024·重庆巴蜀中学质检)The Munt Changbai Gepark, alng with five ther Chinese geparks, _________(recgnize) as a Glbal Gepark by UNESCO n March 27.
was recgnized 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语n March 27可知，时态为一般过去时；主语“The ”与动词recgnize之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；alng with连接两个主语，谓语动词的数要与前边的主语保持一致，be动词应用was。
4．(2024·衡水中学期中)While enjyed thrughut China, Jianzi _________(describe) by Chai as an imprtant aspect f hutng culture. The narrw alleyways, situated within Beijing's inner city, prvide the setting fr the game's ppularity.
is described 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据句意及空后的by可知，空处用被动语态；主语Jianzi是不可数名词，be动词应用单数形式。
5．(2024·汕头二模)Nw, mre than just a lantern shw, it als _________(serve) as an pening activity t celebrate the 60th anniversary f the establishment f diplmatic relatins between China and France in 1964.
serves 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据nw可知，应用一般现在时；主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式；且主语与动词serve之间为主动关系，应用主动语态。
6．As the year 2024 is the Year f the Dragn in China, many a brand _________(rll) ut a large variety f dragn-themed gds lately.
has rlled/has been rlling 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语lately可知，此处应用现在完成时，或用现在完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在；many a brand后谓语用第三人称单数。
7．Amy, as well as her brthers, _________(give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
was given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。as well as连接并列名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与第一个主语一致，因此应用单数；根据时间状语last week可知，应用一般过去时；空处与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
8．(2024·全国甲卷)They _________(be) part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合文章时态和句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用复数形式。
[技法点拨]
1．语法一致原则
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且主语后跟有with、tgether with、as well as、like、but、except、alng with、rather than、including、in additin t等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致；
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that、wh、which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致；
(3)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each、every、n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
2．就近原则
(1)r、、、nt (als)...、等连接并列主语时；
(2)there/here be句式。
3．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数；
(2)动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；
(3)由分数、百分数或者sme、a part f等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数；
(4)“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
Test 1
(2024·临沂一模)Yu've never heard sngs quite like this befre. In fact, it seems that Myun can transfrm just abut any sng int smething cmpletely new 1._________ the help f the Guzheng. This traditinal Chinese instrument 2._________(make) f 16 r mre strings and mvable bridges. Tgether, it prduces sme f the sweetest sunds that pair surprisingly well with 3._________ was riginally a rck sng.
“Traditinal Chinese instruments aren't suited fr 4._________(adapt) a band's entire sund，” Myun said. “Guzheng is like the bass. It's hard t create variatins with it.” Despite the 5._________(limitatin), Myun has mastered the prcess f changing ppular music fr the Guzheng. In ne f her many vides 6._________(share) n the Internet, she des this with “Thunderstruck” by AC/DC． During her 7._________(perfrm), Myun is cnstantly mving bth f her hands, each mvement 8._________ (effrtless) methdical (有条理的) and fascinating t watch. When she's nt plucking (弹拨) ne f the instrument's many strings, she is beating it like a drum.
By sharing vides like these, Myun hpes that mre peple will cme t appreciate this unique instrument. “Chinese culture tends 9._________(be) abstract，” she said. “It's nt really accessible. But pp culture is accessible. By putting 10._________ tw tgether, I hpe the audience can appreciate my music.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了墨韵在古筝的帮助下，似乎可以把任何一首歌都变成全新的东西。
1．with 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处应用介词短语with the help f，意为“在……的帮助下”。
2．is made 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处名词instrument和动词make之间为被动关系，构成短语be made f“由……组成”；该句为描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语instrument为单数，故填is made。
3．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，应用what。
4．adapting 考查非谓语动词。介词fr后应用动词-ing形式。
5．limitatins 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处应用名词limitatin的复数形式，表示“局限性”。
6．shared 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰vides，因vides和动词share之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。
7．perfrmance(s) 考查名词。根据空前her为形容词性物主代词可知，此处用名词形式，perfrmance意为“表演”时，单复数形式皆可。
8．effrtlessly 考查副词。根据副词修饰形容词可知，此处应用副词effrtlessly，修饰形容词methdical and fascinating。
9．t be 考查固定搭配。tend t d sth.为固定短语，意为“倾向于做某事”。
10．the/these 考查限定词。根据句意以及空后的tw表示名词“两个”可知，此处可以用定冠词the表示特指，也可以用指示代词these后接复数名词，对名词起到限定作用。
Test 2
(2024·阳泉三模)Chinese art is an imprtant part f the cuntry's cultural heritage. It 1._________(distinguish) itself frm Western painting in that it is drawn n Xuan paper (r silk) with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink.
2．_________(attain) ability in this art, it is necessary t have a gd cntrl f the brush, and certain knwledge f Xuan paper and Chinese ink. Befre painting, the painter must have a 3._________(detail) draft in his mind. Once he starts t paint, he will 4._________(nrmal) have t cmplete the wrk at ne g. A large number f Chinese painters, at the same time, 5._________(be) pets wh ften add their wn pems t the paintings. The resulting piece f wrk is usually 6._________ integrated (整合的) whle f fur branches f Chinese art—petry, calligraphy, painting and seal-cutting.
Chinese paintings 7._________(divide) int tw majr categries, free hand brushwrk (Xie Yi) and fine brushwrk (Gng Bi). The frmer is characterized by simple and bld strkes (笔画) representing the exaggerated (夸张的) likeness f the bjects 8._________ the latter is dne by specific brushwrk and clse attentin t particulars. And it's difficult t tell hw lng the art f painting 9._________(exist) in China. Pts frm 5，000-6，000 years ag were painted in clr with patterns f plants and animals, 10._________ reflected varius aspects f the life f primitive peple. These may be the beginnings f Chinese painting.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国画。
1．distinguishes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章通篇是一般现在时，此处应用一般现在时；主语It是单数，因此空处应用第三人称单数distinguishes。
2．T attain 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式。位于句首，首字母大写。
3．detailed 考查形容词。空处修饰名词draft，应用形容词detailed，意为“详细的”。
4．nrmally 考查副词。空处修饰动词have t cmplete，应用副词nrmally，意为“通常”。
5．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语painters是复数，且文章时态是一般现在时，因此空处应用are。
6．an 考查冠词。whle是名词，意为“整体”，是可数名词，且表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，integrated的发音以元音音素开头，因此用an。
7．are divided 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子表示“中国画被分为两大类”，应用被动语态，be divided int是固定短语，意为“被分为”；主语paintings是复数且通篇时态是一般现在时，因此空处应用are divided。
8．and/while 考查连词。根据前面的The frmer和后面的the latter可知，前后两句是并列关系，空处表示“和”或“而”，应用and或while。
9．has existed 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，句子表示“很难说绘画艺术在中国存在了多久”，空处用现在完成时表示已经存在；主语the art f painting是单数，因此空处应用has existed。
10．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是patterns f plants and animals，指物，因此用关系代词which。
语法项目(二) 非谓语动词
考法1 非谓语动词作宾语
[试做经典]
1．(2023·全国乙卷)As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years _________(recrd) everything I discvered.
recrding 考查非谓语动词。spend sme time (in) ding sth.为固定搭配。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend _________(catch) ur attentin because f their large size and variety.
t catch 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语tend，此处应填非谓语。tend t d sth.意为“往往会做某事”，为固定用法。
3．(2024·菏泽一模)He wanted _________(learn) mre abut China—an ancient civilizatin with a unique language, histry, literature and culture.
t learn 考查非谓语动词。want t d sth.意为“想要做某事”，空处缺少不定式作宾语。
4．(2024·广东名校5月模拟)They reprted _________(experience) headaches, depressin, nervusness and exhaustin.
experiencing 考查非谓语动词。动词reprt后用动名词作宾语，意为“报告做了或正在做某事”。
5．(2024·岳阳质检)It's what everybdy deserves _________(have) in this wrld, in America and everywhere.
t have 考查非谓语动词。deserve t d sth.意为“值得做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语。
6．(2024·张家口一模)“If it helps t prmte lcal turism, I dn't mind _________(be) an nline celebrity，” Liu said during a previus interview.
being 考查非谓语动词。动词mind后用动名词作宾语，意为“介意做某事”。
7．(2024·阜阳3月质检)While sme peple helped pay fr the gas, Sivley never asked _________ (cmpensate) fr all his hard wrk!
t be cmpensated 考查非谓语动词。ask t d sth.意为“要求做某事”，又因为 Sivley与 cmpensate之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用不定式的被动形式作宾语。
8．(2024·淮北一模)Zhang Jun, wh is secretary-general f the event rganizing cmmittee, said the festival is cmmitted t _________ (strengthen) internatinal film cultural exchanges and cperatin, prmting the develpment f the film industry, and fstering the prsperity f film creatin.
strengthening 考查非谓语动词。be cmmitted t ding sth.是固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，故此处用动名词作宾语。
9．(2024·镇江4月学情调研)Even thugh in the past 2，000 years many changes have ccurred, libraries have kept their main purpse t be certain abut _________(give) the truth.
giving 考查非谓语动词。介词abut后应用动词-ing 形式。
10．(2024·邵阳二模)The grund flr tends _________(use) as strage space fr firewd and farming equipment.
t be used 考查非谓语动词。tend t d sth.是固定搭配，意为“倾向于做某事、往往会做某事”，又因use与主语之间为被动关系，故应用不定式的被动式。
11．(2024·娄底四模)Since then, Sa has devted herself t mastering the flk art frm learning frm Ma the techniques and skills used in perfrmances, attending perfrmances given by ther well-knwn singers, practicing singing Hua'er whenever pssible, t _________ (study) its rigin and histry.
studying 考查非谓语动词。空格前面的t是介词，与其前的第一个frm构成“”结构，故此处用动名词作宾语。
12．(2024·张家口一模)After graduating frm cllege, Liu chse _________(return) t wrk in his hmetwn f Yajiang cunty, where he became directr f the turism bureau in 2002.
t return 考查非谓语动词。动词chse后用不定式作宾语。
[技法点拨]
1．提示词是动词
(1)若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词；
(2)利用逻辑主语和所给提示词的关系确定形式：主谓关系用ding/t d，动宾关系用being dne/t be dne。
2．牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构
(1)介词(如by、fr、f、with、withut、after等)之后加动词-ing 形式作宾语，注意“t”的身份识别；
(2)常见只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：hpe、wish、expect、agree、prmise、demand、ask、refuse、manage、learn、decide/determine、pretend、chse/select、plan、ffer、apply、fail、affrd、prepare、desire、happen等；
(3)常见只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：enjy、cnsider、escape、avid、risk、appreciate、admit、mind、imagine、delay、allw、permit、finish、suggest、practise、 excuse、miss、g n、give up、put ff、be devted t、 insist n、 keep n、 succeed in、 be wrth等；
(4)be busy ding sth.、have difficulty/truble/a hard time (in) ding sth.、spend sme time/mney/energy (in) ding sth.。
考法2 非谓语动词作状语和补语
[试做经典]
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)_________(recall) watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language and see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed.”
Recalling 考查非谓语动词。此句已有谓语动词said，recall与逻辑主语Edmndsn之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。
2．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)N matter where I buy them, thugh, ne steamer basket is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, and s I am always left _________(want) mre next time.
wanting 考查非谓语动词。leave sb.ding sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals pen n warm days _________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
t give 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式t give。
4．(2023·全国乙卷)_________(visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
Having visited 考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语several times ver the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
5．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu're shpping fr ne, buying extra _________(benefit) frm price reductins desn't make sense.
t benefit 考查非谓语动词。根据buying extra和frm price reductins可知，此处是指多买一些为了从降价中获益，应用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them _________(lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
t be lifted 考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xia lng ba，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allw sth.t be dne结构。
7．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd's internatinal visibility, said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed _________(find) the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
t find 考查非谓语动词。be amazed t d sth.意为“对做某事感到惊讶”，是固定搭配， 其中动词不定式作原因状语。
8．(2024·泰安一模)_________(lcate) n Beijing Rad, the blck hsts intangible cultural heritage displays and events.
Lcated 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词hsts，故空处动词作非谓语，且与句子主语the blck之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作状语，注意首字母大写。
9．(2024·重庆模拟)Ms. Tait wre a wig (假发) fr the first year f high schl and her hair grew back, nly _________(fall) ut again after a year and a half.
t fall 考查非谓语动词。根据句意及空前的nly可知，此处为nly t d作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果。
10．(2024·梅州一模)In China, it is reprted that ver 40 vcatinal clleges and 80 universities have set up majrs in tea science r tea culture, with ver 3，000 graduates _________(specialize) in tea prductin and art every year.
specializing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构。介词with后的宾语ver 3，000 graduates与specialize之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
11．(2024·雅礼中学月考)He called n the natin _________(meet) peple's ever-grwing intellectual and cultural needs as well as t build greater cultural cnfidence and strength.
t meet 考查非谓语动词。call n sb. t d sth.是固定搭配，意为“号召某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
12．(2024·湖南5地调研)T make wildlife _________(prtect) better, the authrity has nt nly set the list f habitats but als published a list f wild animals under special cnservatin, listing 150 kinds f wild animals.
prtected 考查非谓语动词。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，动词prtect和宾语wildlife之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
13．T feed the eight billin peple n Earth, mst farmers tday are grwing nly species f plants that are easy _________(prduce) in large numbers.
t prduce 考查非谓语动词。形容词后面常跟不定式作状语，尽管t prduce和其逻辑主语plants之间是被动关系，此处用主动形式表示被动意义。
[技法点拨]
2个技巧确定非谓语动词作状语
1．逻辑关系分析法
(1)若主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表示目的，应用t d；表示出乎意料的结果，应用nly t d；表示时间/条件/原因/让步/伴随/自然而然的结果，应用ding；
(2)若主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表示动作还未发生，应用t be dne；表示动作已经发生，应用dne。
2．固定句型用法
(1)主语＋be＋形容词(easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、safe等)＋t d, 句子主语与不定式之间是逻辑上的被动关系；
(2)t＋adj./adv.＋t d、adj./adv.＋enugh＋t d、s ＋adj./adv.＋as t d、such＋名词＋as t d等结构中，不定式作结果状语；
(3)主语＋动词＋表示情绪的形容词(excited、happy、anxius、satisfied、delighted、angry等)＋t d，不定式作原因状语。
2个技巧确定非谓语动词作补语
1．逻辑关系分析法
(1)主语或宾语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：ding/(t) d；
(2)主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：被动完成 dne；被动将来t be dne；被动进行being dne。
2．固定搭配和句型法
(1)t d作宾语补足语：allw、ask、beg、cmmand、encurage、expect、frbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. t d sth.；
(2)用省略t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。“lk at/see/watch/ntice/bserve，make/let/have, hear/listen t, feel”＋sb.＋d sth.；
注意：在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原t，如be made t d。
(3)have sb./sth. ding意为“让某人/某物一直做、允许/容许某人/某物做某事”；
have sth. dne意为“使某事被做、遭遇某事”；
have sth. t d意为“有某事要做”；
have sb. d sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
(4)with复合结构
①“with＋宾语＋t d”，表示动作还未发生；
②“with＋宾语＋ding”，表示主动、动作正在进行；
③“with＋宾语＋dne”，表示被动、动作已经完成。
考法3 非谓语动词作定语
[试做经典]
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the _________(recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings, but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring ancient canal twn f Nanxiang as xia lng ba's birthplace.
recgnized 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词hme，且与hme之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, _________(inspire) by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk frm Shakespeare's birthplace.
inspired 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；inspire与逻辑主语a six-meter-tall pavilin之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs _________(design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
design 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词design和逻辑主语packs之间为被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest _________(engineer) techniques are applied t create this prtective functinal structure that is als beautiful.
engineering 考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。
5．(2024·常州教育学会质检)Hwever, mre significantly, Mbappé has scred nine gals in Wrld Cups, becming the first player _________(reach) that mark befre his 24th birthday.
t reach 考查非谓语动词。空处修饰名词player，作定语，名词前面有the first修饰，一般用不定式作后置定语。
6．(2024·深圳一模)Meanwhile, he is als amazed by the mdern city _________(cmbine) high-end businesses and varius industries.
cmbining 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词city，因为名词city和动词cmbine之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语。
7．(2024·常德3月模拟)Abslutely after all, wh culd miss ut the pprtunity _________(visit) such a remarkable seaside city and try ut sme f the best wine in all f China?
t visit 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰pprtunity时应用不定式形式。
8．(2024·华中师大附中押题卷)We dn't have relevant experience _________(refer) t, s we have t build the zne by ding ur research and explratin.
t refer 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式形式作定语，修饰experience。
9．(2024·绍兴一模)The release f the new flavr is a part f the cmpany's effrt _________ (attract) new Gen Z cnsumers.
t attract 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰effrt，应用动词不定式。
10．(2024·宁波一模)While witnessing the prcess f bamb gradually turning int bamb silk and pt brushes, she culdn't cntain her _________(surprise) expressin.
surprised 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空处应用形容词化的过去分词，修饰空后的名词expressin，表示“感到惊讶的”，应用surprised。
11．(2024·金华十校一模)That's enugh water _________(fill) the Reflecting Pl n the Natinal Mall abut 1，600 times.
t fill 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，表将来，应用动词不定式形式作定语。
12．(2024·菏泽一模)It is widely acknwledged that China's great develpment is ne f the reasns fr the _________(grw) ppularity f Chinese bks.
grwing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰ppularity，应用形容词化的现在分词作定语，grwing意为“增长的”，符合题意。
[技法点拨]
1．逻辑关系解题法——ding/being dne/t d/t be dne/dne
(1)表示被修饰词的用途，用ding，如sleeping train；
(2)表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”；
(3)动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk、expressin、tears、smile、vice等名词；
(4)被修饰词与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：
①表示将来用t d；
②表示现在用ding。
(5)被修饰词与所给提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：
①表示完成用dne;
②表示将来用t be dne;
③表示正在进行用being dne。
2．提示词解题法——t d
(1)名词被the first/secnd等序数词、the last/nly/next/right/形容词最高级修饰，且与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系；
(2)被修饰的名词的同源动词用不定式作宾语：plan、prmise、wish、intentin、hpe、failure、attempt等；
(3)被修饰的名词的同源形容词用不定式作状语：ability、anxiety、eagerness、determinatin、patience、willingness等；
(4)被修饰的名词是chance、pprtunity、pwer、strength、struggle、right、idea、measure、effrt等。
考法4 非谓语动词作主语和表语
[试做经典]
1．(2022·浙江卷1月)_________(travel) t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
Travelling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为is viewed，空处应用动词-ing形式作主语，单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
2．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)The GPNP's main gal is _________ (imprve) cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
t imprve 考查非谓语动词。表示“目标”的词汇，如aim、gal、target等作主语时，通常用动词不定式作表语。
3．On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take _________(get) there.
t get 考查固定句型。It takes (＋sb.) ＋sme time＋t d sth.为固定句型。
4．It is, therefre, urgent _________(update) ur curricula by intrducing the recent develpments in the relevant fields.
t update 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中it为形式主语，真正的主语应由动词不定式充当。
5．It's n use _________(try) t persuade him t have a hliday because he is facing a challenge.
trying 考查固定句型。“It's n use ding...”意为“做……是无用的”。
6．(2024·济南二模)Despite being very busy at times, Chung is _________(excite) t earn mney n his wn, and it has als bsted his self-cnfidence.
excited 考查非谓语动词。空处作表语，应用形容词化的过去分词形式，表示人的感受。
7．(2024·福建4月联考)The prcess can be very _________ (bre). Only when practising basic mvements again and again can ne finally reach the standard.
bring 考查非谓语动词。be动词后需用形容词化的现在分词作表语，修饰prcess，表示“令人……的”，应用bring。
8．(2024·重庆第二次联合诊断)“I believe that yu will see an ancient yet mdern, an pen and prgressing cuntry，” said Xu, citing Cnfucius' saying that “Hw _________(delight) we are t have friends cming frm afar.”
delighted 考查非谓语动词。根据Hw和we are可知，空处需用形容词化的过去分词作表语，修饰人，delighted意为“感到高兴的”符合句意。
9．(2024·温州一模)That's where seed banks cme in, and their gal is _________(preserve) as many plant species as pssible.
t preserve 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空处表目的，应用不定式作表语。
[技法点拨]
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用ding/t d作主语；
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用ding，表示具体某一次的动作用t d；
(3)掌握用ding/t d作主语的句型：
①It's＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/pssible/kind等)(＋fr/f sb.) ＋t d sth.；
②It's n use/n gd/fun/a pleasure/n pleasure/a waste f time ding sth.；
③It takes (＋sb.)＋sme time/mney＋t d sth.；
④It's wrthwhile ding/t d sth.。
2．非谓语动词作表语
空前是系动词(be、get、feel、seem等)时，根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。
(1)现在分词作表语修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)过去分词作表语修饰人，意为“(人)感到……的”；
(3)不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。
Test 1
(2024·济宁二模)A new adaptatin f Chinese mythlgical stries has wn the heart f audiences with its distinctive style. The animatin (动画) series, Ya—Chinese Flktales, 1._________(gain) mre than 110 millin views nline since it was released.
The series is 2._________ cllectin f 20-minute shrt films, cnsisting f eight separate stries 3._________(feature) mnster-like characters, r Ya in Chinese.The cllectin, 4._________ ranges frm ancient stries t science fictin, frm emtinal cnnectin with hmetwns t rmantic lve 5._________ frm life themes t questins fr humanity, presents Chinese culture and philsphy. Fr example, the first episde, named “Nbdy”， tells a pig mnster's stry 6._________(base) n the classic Chinese nvel Jurney t the West. The creative team put the perspective n the little mnsters wh used t have blurry faces and didn't even have names in the stry.
Li Za, general prducer, said it was impssible7._________(predict) what the eventual utcme wuld be at first. Nw, the 8._________(favr) cmments exceeded the expectatins f the creative team. These cntained bth the audience's 9._________(recgnize) f the wrk and their hpes f Chinese animatin. Besides adapting 10._________ the taste f the masses, the team als wanted t guide them t appreciate different types f wrk.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。中国神话故事《中国奇谭》的新改编以其独特的风格赢得了观众的喜爱。
1．has gained 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句“since it was released”可知，此处应为现在完成时；主语The animatin series为单数，助动词用has。
2．a 考查冠词。根据句意可知，空处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且空后cllectin的发音以辅音音素开头，故应用a。
3．featuring 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语stries之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
4．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词The cllectin，为物，且在从句中充当主语，故应用which。
5．and 考查连词。根据句意可知，空处应为并列连词连接三个并列的成分，应用and。
6．based 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语a stry之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。
7．t predict 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，空处应为不定式作真正的主语。
8．favrable 考查形容词。空处修饰名词cmments，应用形容词。
9．recgnitin 考查名词。空前为所有格the audience's，故空处应为名词。
10．t 考查固定搭配。“adapt t...”为固定搭配，意为“适应……”。
Test 2
(2024·湛江二模)Unless yu're actually in sales, the very cncept f selling yurself during a jb interview can be frightening. Yu dn't want t sund arrgant (傲慢的), r wrse, desperate. But learning hw t be a self-prmter in 1._________ cnvincing manner is what the jb interview is all abut. The fllwing tips can help yu clse the sale n a jb ffer.
Dress 2._________(apprpriate). Many hiring managers will frm their first impressin f yu 3._________(base) n what yu're wearing. The right interview clthing 4._________(depend) n the cmpany yu are applying fr and the culture f the 5._________(rganize).
Ask unique questins. The secret f distinguishing yurself 6._________ ther jb candidates is simple: Ask gd questins 7._________ are valuable t the cmpany. These pinted, yet uncmmn questins mark yu as an in-depth, curius, persistent researcher.
Prepare meaningful anecdtes (轶事). N matter 8._________ industry yu're in, yu can expect 9._________(ask) behaviral jb interview questins. Nrmally, these questins require yu t cme up with examples frm yur past wrk experiences. Unfrtunately, this is
where a lt f jb seekers stumble (支吾).T craft a fascinating anecdte, experts recmmend 10._________(use) real feedback t highlight yur cntributin.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个可以帮助你获得工作机会的建议。
1．a 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词manner，表泛指，且cnvincing的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
2．apprpriately 考查副词。空处修饰动词Dress，作状语，应用副词apprpriately，意为“合适地”。
3．based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词will frm，所以空处应填非谓语动词，且此处动词base与其逻辑主语impressin 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词based表被动。
4．depends 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实，所以空处用一般现在时；主语The right interview clthing为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
5．rganizatin 考查名词。空处由定冠词the修饰，应填名词。
6．frm 考查固定搭配。“”为固定搭配，意为“区分……与……”。
7．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词questins，指物，并在从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词that或which。
8．what/which 考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处为“n matter＋疑问词”的结构，引导让步状语从句，再结合句意可知，此处指的是无论身处什么产业或哪个产业，所以用what或which均可。
9．t be asked 考查非谓语动词。expect t d sth.为固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，且此处的动词ask与yu之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。
10．using 考查非谓语动词。recmmend ding sth.为固定搭配，意为“推荐做某事”。试卷
名称
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体裁
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文章
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命题考点
有提示词
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动词
名
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代
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新高考全国卷Ⅰ
2024
说明文
人与社会
英国
“丝路花园”
1
2
2
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
2023
说明文
人与社会
中国美食
小笼包
0
4
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
2022
说明文
人与自然
大熊猫国
家公园
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ
2024
说明文
人与社会
莎士比亚和汤显祖的作品的相似之处
2
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2023
记叙文
人与自我
教熊猫饲
养员英语
1
1
2
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
2022
记叙文
人与自我
救助坠楼
小孩
2
2
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
1