鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit9 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit9 知识清单 素材，共14页。
Unit 9 It’s important to have good habits.Section A重点单词及短语 1. talk over 商量；讨论其宾语为名词时，可放在talk与over中间，也可放在over后面；宾语为人称代词时，则只能放在talk 与over中间。talk sth over with sb 意为“与某人商量/讨论某事”。例：Come to my office and we will talk over the problem. 到我办公室来，我们讨论一下这个问题。 2. behavior 行为，举止 nbehavioral 行为的 adj behaviorally 行为上 advmisbehavior 粗鲁行为behavior disorder异常行为be on one’s best behavior 举止规矩【拓展】：后缀 -ior 名词后缀，表状态exterior 外部的，adjsenior 年长的，adjjunior 年少的，adj【辨析】behavior, conduct与manner这些词均含有“行为，举止”之意。behavior 普通用词，侧重指某人在特定场合对他人或在他人面前表现的行为举止conduct 较正式用词，泛指某人的行动。侧重根据社会道德标准和责任感manner 主要用来指人的习惯行为3. get through ①　度过例：Animals have to save food to get through the driving test. 苏珊设法通过了驾照考试。 ②　通过（考试）；做完例：Tom gets through plenty of work in the morning. 汤姆上午做了大量的工作。 4. cola可乐饮料，n例：I drank too much cola last night.昨天晚上我可乐喝太多了。The boy belted down one cola after another.这男孩一杯接一杯的猛喝可乐。重点句子1. To get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠enough （1）足够的 adj 修饰名词时通常放在名词前面，但也可以房子名词后面。例：There is reason enough to regard them as heroes. 有足够的理由把他们视为英雄。They have enough time/time enough to finish the work. 他们有足够的时间完成工作。 （2）足够地 adv 修饰形容词和副词，须后置例：He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大可以上学了。 2. not to play computer games too much 不玩太多电脑游戏。【辨析】:too much, much too 与too many too much 太多 修饰动词例：drink too much 喝酒太多 太多的 修饰不可数名词 例：too much water 太多水much too 太 修饰形容词，副词 例：much too difficult 太困难too many 太多的 修饰可数名词复数 例：too many people 太多人 3. Exercising helps teenagers to stay healthy. 锻炼有助于青少年保持健康。stay healthy保持健康相当于 keep healthy/fit例：To stay healthy, you should eat more vegetables.为了保持健康，你应该多吃蔬菜。4. What does one girl ask if she is too young to do？关于什么事一个女孩问她是否太小而不能做？too...to... 太⋯而不能……有时不定式前可以带一个由介词 for 引出的逻辑主语。例：The fisherman is too tired to go any farther. 这个渔夫太累了，不能再往前走了。The apple is too high for me to reach. 这个苹果太高，我够不着。 【拓展】 ① It is never too late to do sth. 做其事为时不晚。it is never too late to mend 亡半补年，为时不晚。It is never too late to learn 活到老，学到老② too...to...结构有时可与,so...that.或 not...enough (for sb.) to do…结构转换。例：The box is too heavy for me to carry.这个箱子太重，我搬不动。=The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.=The box isn't light enough for me to carry.5. agree to meet strangers 同意会见陌生人agree to do sth. 同意做某事例：I agree to throw it away. 我同意把它扔掉He agreed to go with us. 他同意和我们一起去。【拓展】 ①agree to sth. 同意某事；表示一方提出建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作。例：He agreed to their arrangement. 他同意了他们的安排。② agree with sb. 同意某人（的意见）；表示同意某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等，例：Not everyone agrees with him. 不是每个人都同意他的意见。③ agree on sth. 就某事达成一致意见；主要指双方通过协商而就某事取得一致意见或达成协议。例：We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致意见。6. Well, you need to be very careful in order to be safe..嗯，为了安全，你需要非常小心……need需要 v. ① need sth. 需要某物例：We need a lot of plastic bottles. 我们需要大量的塑料瓶。② need to do sth. 需要做某事例：We need to look for a lot of food. 我们需要寻找大量的食物。®need doing =need to be done（某事)需要被做例：The door needs repairing. 这扇门需要（被）修理。=The door needs to be repaired. 【拓展】need 需要 情态动词 多用于否定句或疑问句。例：-Mom, need I wash my trousers right now?妈妈，我需要马上洗裤子吗？-Yes, you must. /No, you needn't.是的，你必须(马上洗）。/不，你不必(马上洗)。7. We really should learn how to look after ourselves when our parents aren't with us. 当父母不和我们在一起的时候，我们真的应该学会怎样照顾自己。Look after 照顾;照料相当于take care of, look after... well=take good care of...“好好照顾……“例：Please look after my pet dog when I am away. 我不在时请照料我的宠物狗。【拓展】look 的其他短语：look around 环顾四周look at 看着look back 回头看；回顾look down upon 看不起，轻视look for 寻找look forward to 盼望，期待look like 看上去像look on...as.. 把……视为⋯look out 当心，小心，留神look through 浏览look up 查阅;抬头看8. Most, however, get through their teenage years with the help of their families and friends. 然而，大多数青少年在他们的家人和朋友的帮助下度过他们的青春期。（1）【辨析】：however与buthowever 副词 可位于句首，句中或句末 后面连接一个句子时，须用逗号与句子隔开but 连词 位于句首或句中 后面连接一个句子时，无需用逗号例：This book is expensive; however, it’s useful. 这本书很贵，然而，它很有用。He often eats only a little, but he doesn’t feel hungry. 他经常吃得很少，却不感到饿。 （2）with the help of…… 在……的帮助下例：Finally, he worked out the problem with the help of his deskmate. 最后，他在同桌的帮助下解出了这道题。He used iron from old toys to make a beautiful art piece with the teacher’s help. 在老师的帮助下，他用旧玩具上的铁做了一件漂亮的艺术品。 9. For example, he listens to very loud music that is bad for his hearing. 例如， 他听很大声的音乐， 这音乐对他的听力不好。 for example 例如；一般只列举同类人或物中的一个例子，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首，句中或句末。 例：We should eat healthy food, for example, vegetables. 我们应该吃健康的食物，比如蔬菜。 10. On the other hand, he doesn’t eat many snacks-he prefers his mother’s home cooking. 另一方面，他不吃很多零食-他更喜欢他母亲在家做的饭。on the other hand另一方面；常与on the one hand（一方面）连用，构成 on the one hand...on the other hand... 句型，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”。例：I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I am trying to save money.我想出去吃饭，但另一方面我正在努力省钱。11. But in school he doesn't pay attention in class, and his parents always tell him to try harder。但在学校，他在课堂上注意力不集中，他父母总是告诉他要更加努力。pay attention注意，集中精力pay attention to 意为“注意……”to 为介词，后接名词 代词或动词-ing 形式。例：We should pay more attention to developing agriculture. 我们应该更加注重发展农业。12. But perhaps she hangs out with them a little too much. 但也许她和他们闲逛得有点儿太多了。hang out 闲逛；此处 hang 的过去式和过去分词均为 hung。例：We can just hang out and have a good time.我们可以只是闲逛一下，开开心The girls often hang out in supermarkets.这些女孩经常在超市里闲逛。 13. Wang Le likes to eat junk food, and she would rather drink coffee and cola than water. 王乐喜欢吃垃圾食品，她宁愿喝咖啡和可乐也不喝水。 would rather than do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事与prefer to do sth rather than do sth 同义。该句中than后省略了drink。例：I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. = I prefer to watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视也不愿去看电影。 14. Her parents have asked her to try to eat more healthily, but she doesn’t like to. 她父母要求她尽量吃得更健康些，但她不喜欢。 【辨析】：try to do sth 与try doing sth try to do sth 设法/尽力做某事 侧重尽力，为了达到目的而努力例：He tried to carry the box. 他努力提起这个盒子。try doing sth 试着/试验做某事 只是一种尝试，不一定付出很大努力 例：The boy tried making a model plane. 这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。 Section B重点单词及短语1. nap（白天）小睡，打盹，n 打盹，疏忽，vi过去式 napped，过去分词 napped现在分词 napping 第三人称单数 naps近义词：sleep 睡觉， doze 打瞌睡have a nap, cat nap, power nap, take a nap, 打盹 nap away, 在一直打瞌睡 catch someone napping，发现某人在打瞌睡例：It’s my habit to take a nap at noon.我有个睡午觉的习惯。The old man napped on the porch.那位老人在走廊上打盹。2. concentrate 专心于，v做不及物动词：专心，集中； concentrate on 意为“集中注意力”反义词：distract 分散例：She concentrated on her scientific studies and made something herself.她专心于科学研究并有所成就。做及物动词：集中；concentrate...on... 意为：“把...专注于... /专心于”例：You must concentrate all your energies on the study of English.你必须集中全部精力学习英语。3. effect 效果，作用，影响，n 使产生，引起，veffective 有效的adj effectiveness 无效 nhave an effect on 对...有效果例：Every word from the parents will have an effect on child.家长说的每句话都将对孩子产生影响。In effect 有效例：The rules will remain in effect until October.这些规章将实施到10月份为止。【辨析】：affect, effect与influence 均可表示影响affect 及物动词，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作例：The news did not affect her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。= The news had no effect on her at all.effect 名词（可数或不可数）， affect = have an effect oninfluence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为，性格，观点等产生间接或潜移默化的影响。可做及物动词或名词例：Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。4. regular 有规律的 adjregularly adv, regularity n近义词：common / habitual /normal / fixed / methodical /steady反义词：irregular / odd / unusual例：He leads a regular life. 他过着有规律的生活。Getting up at dawn is part of his regular routine. 黎明即起是他的生活规律之一。5. amount 数量，数额， nthe amount of + 不可数名词 →......的数量an amount of +不可数名词 → 大量的......例：The amount of rainfall has an effect on the quantity of the crop.降雨量影响着庄稼的产量。An amount of litter was thrown into the river.大量的垃圾被扔到河里。【拓展】：any amount of 大量= a large quantity of sthamount to 等于，相当于，意味着= be equal to or the same as sthnot amount to much 不太重要，没什么了不起= not be very impressive例：What is the full amount i owe you？我总共欠你多少钱？He could not pay the full amount he owed. 他偿还不起他欠的全部债款。6. average 平均的，adj例：The manager pays attention to the average cost.这位经理关注平均成本。【拓展】：普通的adj， the average American 普通的美国人平均数n ，平均水平 on average 平均来看例：The average of 4,6 and 8 is 6. 4,6,8 的平均数是6。取平均值，达到平均水平v 例：Meals average out at 5per head. 膳食平均每人英镑。7. figure 数字 n例：The above figure did not include workers. 上面的数字没有包括工人。常用短语：in round figures 以整数计算figure in 包括进，算进figure on 计划figure out 弄明白【拓展】：图形，外形，人物，图表n 认为，演算，领会到v 例：Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lesson.我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。They figured it was better to stay where they were.他们断定还是呆在原地好。The boy can’t figure out the algebra problems. 这个男孩做不出这道代数题。重点句子1. I’ve given up junk food. 我已经戒掉垃圾食品了。 give up 放弃为“动词+副词”结构，宾语为人称代词时要放在give与up之间。give up doing sth 放弃做某事。例：It's s pity for you to give it up when it is nearly completed. 接近完成时你放弃了，很可惜。His father decided to give up drinking. 他的父亲决定戒酒。【拓展】give的其他短语give off 放出；释放 give back归还，送回 give out分发 give in投降；屈服 give a talk作报告 give a lecture作演讲 give sb a hand助某人一臂之力 give sb a chance给某人一次机会2. There is extra information that the write did not say directly in the reading. 在阅读材料中有些额外的信息作者没有直接说出来。【辨析】： information 与messageinformation 信息，消息 不可数名词 指从学习，经验，媒体，书本或指导中得到的信息。message 信息，口信，音信 可数名词 一般指口头传递或书写的“消息，口信，音信”等。例：He wanted to get new information about the discovery. 他想获得有关这一发现的新信息。Would you mind giving him a message? 你介意给他捎个口信吗？3. Not getting enough sleep has serious effects on our brain’s ability to work. 睡眠不足对我们大脑的工作能力有严重的影响。have effects on (=have an effect on) 对……有影响effect 此处用作可数名词，意为“影响”例：Human activities have many serious effects on ocean environment. 人类活动对海洋环境有许多严重的影响。Parents worry about the effect of popular music on their children.父母担心流行音乐对他们的孩子的影响。4. If you go without sleep, you might have problems with your memory or with your concentration. 如果你不睡觉，你可能会在记忆力或者注意力方面有问题。have problems with sth. 在某方面有困难例：I have problems with my English sometimes. 有时我在英语上有困难。【拓展】 have problems/difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事很费劲/有困难介词江指在某一方面，可省略。例：We had some problems/difficulty/trouble getting to the top of the mountain. 到达这个山顶我们有些困难。5. In order to concentrate at school or perform well in tests, we really need to get a good night's sleep. 为了在校专心或在测试中好好表现，我们真的需要在晚上睡一个好觉。concentrate ①专心,集中, 不及物动词 ；concentrate on 意为“集中注意力”例：She concentrated on her scientific studies and made something of herself.她专心于科学研究并有所成就。②集中；及物动词；concentrate...on.. 意为“（把⋯⋯）专注于/ 专心于例：You must concentrate all your energies on the study of English. 你必须集中全部精力学习英语。6. Sleep experts say that it's better not to try too hard to get to sleep, and certainly not to keep looking at the time. 睡眠专家说，最好不要刻意去睡觉，当然也不要持续看时间。keep doing sth. 持续做某事例：I keep telling you, but you won't listen! 我一再跟你说，但你就是不肯听！7. To have good a sleeping habits, it's better to sleep at regular time... 为了有良好的睡眠习惯，按时睡觉更好……regular 有规律的;频繁的;经常的 adj ；副词形式为 regularly例：Regular exercise helps you keep fit. 经常锻炼帮助你保待倢康。8. The amount of sleep we need is different from person to person, though the average seems to be just under eight hours. 我们需要的睡眠数量是因人而异的，虽然平均时间似乎仅在8个小时之內。1) though虽然;尽管 conj 连词可与although换用，用来引导让步状语从句。例：Though/Although the fisherman is old, he looks very strong. 这个渔民虽然老了，但看上去很健壮。2）average 平均的 adj例：The manager pays attention to the average cost. 这位经理关注平均成本。【拓展】average ①　普通的 adj 例： the average American 普通的美国人②　平均数 n例：on average 平均来看9. My parents don’t let me go out with my friends very often, and I often feel bored. 我父母不让我和我的朋友经常出去，我经常感到无聊。 【辨析】：bored与boringbored 感到无聊的，无趣的 常在句中作表语，说明人对物的感受，主语为人。例：She is bored with her boring job. 她对自己无聊对工作不感兴趣。 boring 无聊的，令人厌烦的 在句中可作表语或定语，常用来说明物