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    鲁教版(五四)九年级全册英语 unit7 知识清单 素材

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    鲁教版(五四)九年级全册英语 unit7 知识清单 素材

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    这是一份鲁教版(五四)九年级全册英语 unit7 知识清单 素材,共16页。
    Unit 7 Life is full of the unexpected.Section A重点单词及短语1. unexpected 出乎意料的;始料不及的 adj. 在句中可作定语和表语;其反义词为expected “预期的;预料的”。例:The unexpected news made me uncomfortable. 这个意外的消息使我不舒服。 Her death was totally unexpected. 她的死完全出人意料。 【拓展】expect 期待;预期 v. expected 预期的 adj. 反义词 unexpected 出乎意料的expectedly 预期地 adv. f反义词 unexpectedly 出乎意料地 adv.2. oversleep 睡过头;睡得太久 v.例:My alarm clock didn’t go off,so I overslept.我闹钟没有响,所以我迟到了。【拓展】①oversleep→overslept→overslept②前缀-over 可表示“太;过度;在外;额外”overage 超龄的 oversized 过大的 overwork 过度劳累 overcoat 长大衣3. stare 盯着看;凝视 vi.stare at sth./sb.凝视;盯着看,表示睁大眼睛凝视,并含有“惊奇;傲慢;茫然”之意例:It’s rude to stare at people. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。Her eyes stared straight ahead. 她双眼凝视着前方。 【拓展】stare 凝视;注视 n. 可数名词例:She gave him a blank stare. 她面无表情地直视着他。4. above 在……上面 prep.例:We stared the black smoke rising above the burning building. 我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。 【辨析】on, over 与 aboveabove“在……之上”,表示位置之高。只是笼统的说“在……之上”,并不一定会有“在……之上”之意。其反义词为 below。例:His office is above ours. 他的办公室在我们上面。 over 表示垂直向上,比较精确,其反义词为 under。例:The lamp is over the table. 灯在桌子上面。 on 表示物体与物体表面相接触,一件东西在另一件之上。例:There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。 5. burn 着火;燃烧 v.burn→burnt/burned→burnt/burned例:Fires were burning out of control in the center of the city.市中心的火势失去了控制。【拓展】烧伤,燃烧的痕迹 n例:There is a burn on the table top. 桌面上有一块燃烧的痕迹。 6. alive 活着,有生气的 adj.例:I declared that the dead, who had already died, are happier than the living, who are still alive. 我曾说,那已经死了的死人,比那还活着的活人更快乐。【辨析】alive 和 livingalive 是表语形容词,放在动词之后,不能放在它所说明的名词之前。例:The old man is still alive. 那位老人还活着。living 既可用作表语形容词,又可用作定语形容词,故可放在它所修饰的名词之前。例:English is a living language. 英语是一种活的语言。7. till 到;直到 prep.【辨析】till 和 until与until同义。till和until都可用作介词,连词,一般情况下可互换使用。① 用于肯定句,主句或句子的动词用延续性动词,表示动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止。例:The minister waited until/till the king entered the palace. 这位大臣一直等到国王进入宫殿。② 用于否定句时,常用“not…until/till”结构,意为“直到……才……”,表示主句或句子的动作直到until或till所表示的时间才发生。例:She didn’t go to bed until/till her mother came back. 直到母亲回来她才上床睡觉。 8. west 向西;朝西 adv.向西的;西部的;adj. 西,西方 n.【拓展】①east 东;south 南; north 北②方向词后面加 ern 表示哪个方向的western 西方的 southern 南方的 eastern 东方的 northern 北方的9. show up 赶到;露面;出席例:After an hour, the other kids showed up. 一小时后,其他的孩子们都来了。【拓展】常见带 show 的短语on show(= on display)展出;表演 show off(炫耀;卖弄)show sb. around sp. 带某人四处参观/看看show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.给某人看某物重点句子1. Life is full of the unexpected.生活充满了意外。be full of (= be filled with) 充满,装满例:Our lives full of chances, but there are also a lot of challenges. 我们的生活充满了机遇,但也有很多挑战。2. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 我回到学校时,铃已经响了。①by the time 在……以前(常引导表示过去的时间状语从句,主句常用过去完成时。) 例:By the time I got up, Mom had already left. 我起床时,妈妈已经走了。【拓展】by now 表示“到现在为止”,通常与现在完成时连用。例:By now I have collected 200 dolls. 到目前为止,我已经收集了200个洋娃娃。② ring (rang; rung) (钟、铃等)鸣;响 vi.例:Listen! The telephone is ringing. 听!电话铃响了。【拓展】① ring 戒指;环;圈;环形饰物;耳环 n. [C]例:She wore a diamond ring. 她戴着一枚钻石戒指。② ring 敲(钟);按(铃)vt.例:Who is ringing the bell? 谁在按铃?3. So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door. 所以我只好迅速穿上衣服,冲出门去。① put on 穿上;戴上,后可接衣服、鞋、帽子等,强调动作。其反义词组为 take off 摘掉;脱下。例:It’s cold outside. Please put on your warm clothes. 外面很冷。请穿上暖和的衣服。【拓展】put on 的其他常见含义:①(戏剧等)上演;举行例:Last summer our children put on a play. 去年夏天我们的孩子上演了一出戏。②增加(体重),发胖例:She has put on five pounds. 她的体重增加了五磅。【辨析】put on, dress, wear, (be) in 与have onput on 后接衣服、帽子等,表动作 例:He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上外套出去了。dress 宾语只能是人,表动作 例:She dresses herself every morning. 她每天早晨自己穿衣服。wear 后接衣帽,也可接饰物、奖章等,表状态 例:She seldom wears jeans. 她很少穿牛仔裤。(be) in 后接衣服或颜色,表状态 例:The boy in blue is his son. 穿蓝色衣服的那个男孩是他的儿子。have on 后接衣服,表状态,是动副结构的短语,不能用于进行时 例:She always has a skirt on. 她总是穿着裙子。rush out of…冲出……;奔出……4. Luckily, Carl's dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.幸运的是,卡尔的老爸在街上看到我,就捎了我一程。① luckily 幸运地 adv. 可用来修饰句子。luck 幸运 n.;unluckily 不幸地 adv.例:Luckily, he wasn’t hurt badly. 幸运的是,他伤得不重。② give sb. a lift=give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb.捎某人一程5. How did the writer end up missing both events?作者最后怎么样错过了这两件事?end up 结束;告终,后面常跟动词-ing 形式;end up with…“以……告终”,up 可以省略例:We didn’t like it at first, but we ended up cheering. 一开始我们不喜欢,但最后还是欢呼起来。6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 当我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。① be about todo sth.“刚要做某事;即将做某事”。表示即将发生的动作,在时间上指最近的将来。强调动作马上就要发生, 不与具体的时间状语连用。例:Hurry up, Tom! The train is about to start. 快点,汤姆!火车就要开了。② decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事例:He decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。= He made a decision to learn medicine.7. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office. 我去了我最喜欢的咖啡店,虽然它在我办公室东边两个街区以外。① even though 即使;虽然;尽管,用于引导让步状语从句。② block 街区 n. [C]8. We started in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. 我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟, 无法相信(一切)。①stare 盯着看;凝视 vi. stare at sth./sb.凝视;盯着看,表示睁大眼睛凝视,并含有“惊奇;傲慢;茫然”之意例:It’s rude to stare at people. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。【拓展】stare 凝视;注视 n. 可数名词例:She gave him a blank stare. 她面无表情地直视着他。② disbelief 不信;怀疑 n. 常用短语 in disbelief 意为“怀疑地;难以置信地”,通常在句中作状语。例:He listened in disbelief to this strange story. 他不相信地听着这个奇怪的故事。③ burning 此处是现在分词形式的形容词,意为“着火的;燃烧的”,在句中定语,修饰后面的 building。过去分词形式的形容词 burned 意为“燃烧的;烧完的”9. I felt lucky to be alive. 我觉得我能够活着和幸运。alive 活着;有生气的 adj 反义词 dead 死的 adj.例:She didn’t say whether he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。【辨析】alive, living, live 与 livelyalive “活着的;有生气的”,侧重正与死之间的界限。通常用在连系动词 be 等之后作表语,也可在名词之后,作后置定语,但不能用在名词之前作前置定语。多修饰人,也可修饰物。living “活着的”,强调说明尚在人间,健在。多修饰物,也可修饰人,既可位于名词前作定语,也可作表语。live 活生生的;有生命的。通常用来修饰物,在名词前作定语。lively 活泼的;活跃的;生气勃勃的。通常用来描述人及其行为或活动,可作定语或表语。 10. What bad luck! 真倒霉!该句为感叹句,后面省略了 I had。感叹句是表达喜怒哀乐以及惊讶、惊奇等强烈感情的句子,通常由 what 或 how 引导。其结构为:What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 例:What an interesting film it is! 多么有趣的电影啊!What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 例:What beautiful flowers they are! 多么美丽的花啊!What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊!How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例:How care he is! 他是多么贴心啊!How + 主语 + 谓语! 例:How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语! 例:How clever a boy he is! 他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊!11. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. 其他的航班都已经满员,因此我不得不等到第二天。till=until“到;直到”①prep. 后接词或短语②conj. 后接时间状语从句,用法与 until 用法基本相同,可用于肯定句或否定句中,具体用法如下:a.用于肯定句时,(主)句中的谓语动词用延续性动词或状态动词,表示该动作或状态一直延续到 till/until 所表示的时间为止。例:He waited here till/until ten o’clock. 他在这里一直等到十点。b.用于否定句时,(主)句中谓语动词一般是非延续性的,表示该动作直到 till/until 所表示的时间才发生,意为“直到……才……”例:He didn’t come till/until her mother came back. 他没来直到她妈妈回来。 12. My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing. 我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。turn into 变成例:Caterpillars turn into butterflies. 毛毛虫变成蝴蝶。【拓展】① turn… into…把……变成……②含有turn 的常用短语:turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn down 关小;拒绝 turn up 调大【辨析】turn into 与 change intoturn into 既指形式上的改变,也指状态上本质的改变 例:Water turns into ice. 水变成了冰。A few weeks later, winter had turned into spring. 几周之后,冬天变成了春天。change into 更强调的是外在形式上的改变 例:She changed into the working clothes. 她换成工作的衣服。13. When she arrived at the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog. 当她到达电影院时,她想起了她忘了喂狗。【辨析】forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth.forget to do sth. “忘记(要去)做某事”,表示很此事还未做 例:Don’t forget to call me. 不要忘记给我打电话。forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”,表示此事已做过 例:I forgot locking the door. 我忘记锁门了。14. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building. 在她找机会道别之前,他走进了大楼。get a chance to do sth. 得到机会做某事= have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth. 例:He got a good chance to learn from the workers.他有一个向工人学习的好机会。15. By the end of the school day 一天的学校生活结束时by the end of… 在……之前;到……结束时。其后若接表示过去的时间,句子常用过去完成时;若接表示将来的时间,句子常用一般将来时。例:By the end of last month, they had planted thousands of trees. 到上个月底,他们已经种植了成千上万的树。By the end of next week, I will finish reading this book.到下周结束时,我将读完这个书。【辨析】by the end of, at the end of 和 in the endby the end of 在……之前;到…… 结束时; 后跟表示时间的名词(短语),仅指时间,常与过去完成时或一般将来时连用 例:Mr. Li had been here for three years by the end of last week.直到上周,李先生已经在这里三年了。at the end of 在……尽头/末端;在……结束时; 后面可接表示地点或时间的名词(短语) 例:We’ll have an English test at the end of March. 我们在三月底有一个英语测试。in the end最后;最终; 其后不接 of 短语。强调虽然最初……, 最后还是产生了一个……的结果。相当于 at last/finally 例:They succeeded in the end. 最终,他们成功了。 Section B重点单词及短语1. fool①蠢人;傻瓜 n. 可数名词Make a fool of…取笑……;捉弄…… 例:What a fool he is! 他真是个傻瓜!②愚弄 v.fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事例:He fooled me into giving him money. 他欺骗我,要我给他钱。 【拓展】foolish 愚蠢的;傻的 adj.例:How foolish he is! He is really a fool. 他是多么愚蠢啊! 他是个十足的傻瓜。 2. costume 服装;装束 n.指特定场合穿的衣服,如表演戏剧时穿的戏服、化装舞会时穿的服装或某一特定地方或历史时期的装束。例:He went to the party in a giant chicken costume. 他是装扮成一只大鸡去参加聚会的。【拓展】costume party 化妆舞会embarrassed 窘迫的;害羞的 adj. 常用于描述人,通常作表语例:She looks embarrassed. 她看起来很窘迫。 embarrassing 使人害羞的 adj. 常用于描述事物,作表语或定语例:He laughed off the embarrassing situation. 他笑这个尴尬的局面。 4. announce 宣布;宣告 vt.侧重“通告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。例:The accident was announced to his family by telephone. 已将事故用电话告诉了他的家属。【辨析】announce 与declareannounce 更接近于汉语“公布”、“告知”的意思,它所涉及的是一件对方原来不知道的事。declare 含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思,它所涉及的事不一定是对方所不知道的。例:The date of his visit has not been announced. 他来访的日期尚未公布。The accused declared himself to be innocent. 被告宣称自己无罪。5. discovery 发现;发觉 n.既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。复数形式discoveries;动词形式 discover例:I felt I'd made an incredible discovery.我觉得我有一个天大的发现。6. believable 可相信的;可信任的 adj.反义词:unbelievable 难以置信的 adj.例:This book is full of believable, interesting characters.这本书里充满了真实可信的有趣人物。【拓展】英语中,有些动词或名词加后缀-able可构成形容词。如:enjoyable令人愉快的,使人快乐的;valuable 有价值的;reasonable 有道理的;comfortable 舒服的;usable可用的,可使用的。 7. disappear 消失;不见 vi.一般指具体、有形的东西、事物突然或逐渐地不见,强调“看不见了”“不再存在了”的结果。反义词:appear 出现 v. 名词形式:appearance例:He disappeared in the forest.他消失在森林中。【拓展】dis-为否定前缀,主要加在名词,形容词和动词之前。dis-为否定前缀的词还有:dislike 不喜欢 dishonest 不诚实的 disagree 不同意 disorder 无序;混乱 重点句子1. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.上周五晚上,我朋友邀请我参加他的生日聚会。invite 邀请 vt.常用结构为:① invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事例:We invited him to dance. 我们邀请他去跳舞。② invite sb. to +地点名词邀请某人去某地例:He invited a lot of friends to his birthday party.他邀请了很多朋友去他的生日聚会。2. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.它发生在每年的四月一日,这一天许多人互相之间搞恶作剧开玩笑。①该句中 when 引导的是定语从句,修饰表示时间的先行词 a day.例:I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. 我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。②play tricks on sb. = play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑;捉弄某人例:It's impolite to laugh at, stare at or play tricks on disabled people.嘲笑,盯着或捉弄残疾人是不礼貌的。【拓展】laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 make fun of…取笑……;拿……开玩笑3. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 有一年的愚人节,英国的一名记者宣布以后不再有意大利面条了,因为意大利面条种植的农民已经停止种植意大利面条了。① announce 宣布;宣告 vt.侧重“通告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。例:The accident was announced to his family by telephone. 已将事故用电话告诉了他的家属。② no more 不再。常位于句中,放在连系动词 be,情态动词或助动词之后,实义动词之前。同义短语:not… any more例:He no more lives here. = He doesn’t live here any more. 他不再住在这里了。③【辨析】stop doing sth.与 stop to do sth.stop doing sth. 停止做某事; 指停止正在做的事情stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事; 指停止原来做的事去做另外一件事4. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much as spaghetti as they could. 很多人赶到当地的超市抢购意大利面条,能买多少就买多少。as +形容词/副词+ as sb. can / could = as + 形容词/副词+ as possible. 尽可能地……例:They finished the work quickly as possible他们尽可能快的完成工作。 = They finished the work as quickly as they could.The cat wants to eat out the food as quickly as it can. 这只猫想要尽快吃掉这些食物。5. Many April Fool's jokes may end up being not very funny. 许多愚人节玩笑的结局并不是那么有趣。end up doing sth.以……而告终例:I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing. 我必须好好利用我的业余时间,否则我将会一事无成。end up with sth. 以某事结束/告终例:The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese. 学生们一开始讲英语,但最后讲汉语。end up sth. 结束某事例:The scientist ended up his speech at last. 这位科学家终于结束了他的演讲。6. The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. 那个电视明星失去了他的女朋友,而且他的节目也被取消了。cancel 取消;终止 vt.后接名词或代词作宾语,可以用于被动语态。例:He canceled his order for the goods. 他取消了订货。7. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. 韦尔斯让他的话听起来如此逼真以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事,恐惧在整个国家蔓延。① hundreds of…数以百计的……例:There are hundreds of people in the restaurant. 餐馆里有几百人。【拓展】million 百万 num. 其用法与数词 hundred(百),thousand(千),billion(百万)相同,具体用法如下:a.与具体数字连用时,用单数。例:three million 三百万 eight million 八百万b.当表示不确定的泛指数目时,要用复数,且后接介词of,然后才能接名词。例:millions of 数百万 millions of people 数百万人② whole 全部的;所有的 adj. 结构为“限定词+whole+名词” 例:He worked the whole night. 他工作了一整夜。【辨析】whole 与 allwhole 常修饰单数可数名词; 位于冠词、物主代词或所有格之后all 常修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数; 位于定冠词 the、物主代词或所有格之前例:The whole building was burning. 整个建筑物正在燃烧。All the children enjoyed themselves. 所有的孩子都玩得很开心。8. How did you feel about this day?这一天,你觉得如何?How do you feel about…?=What do you think of…= How do you like…?“你认为……怎么样/你怎样看待……?”,用于询问对方对事物的观点或看法。9. As I was heading west, I saw a huge truck in the middle of the road.当我正向西走时,我看见一辆巨型卡车在路中间。①as 当……时候 conj. 引导时间状语从句【拓展】as 的用法a.因为 conj. 引导原因状语从句例:As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨,空气比较清爽。b.虽然 conj. 引导让步状语从句例:Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。c.作为;以……身份 prep.例:He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。②head 朝……方向行进 v.10. I turned around and decided to go to a nearby mall. 我调头决定去附近的商场。①turn around 掉头;转向反方向②decide to do sth. 决定做某事例:He decided to go shopping. 他决定去购物。【拓展】①decide + 宾语从句例:They decided that they would help the people in trouble. 他们决定要帮助那些有困难的人。③decision 决定 n.Make a decision to do sth. = make decisions to do sth. 决定做某事11. I’m so glad that I canceled my plan to go to the market.我如此高兴以致取消了去商场的计划。so…that…用法:“so+形容词或副词+that 从句”,引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此……以致于……” 例:When the football fans saw Beckham,they got so excited that they cried out.当足球迷看到贝克汉姆时,他们激动得哭了出来。【拓展】so that 引导目的状语从句,意为“以便;为了”例:My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that (= in order that ) he might keep up with time. 我的老父亲在六十岁时开始学习计算机,以便能跟上时代。

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