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鲁教版(五四)七上英语 unit3 知识点讲义 素材
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这是一份鲁教版(五四)七上英语 unit3 知识点讲义 素材,共13页。
Unit 3 How was your school trip?Section A重点单词及短语milked a cow 给奶牛挤奶milk此处用作及物动词,意为“给……挤奶”还可用作不及物动词,意为“挤奶,出奶”例:I helped my father to milk the cow.我帮助我爸爸给奶牛挤奶了。 This cow milks very well.这头奶牛出奶很好。feed. v. 喂养,饲养fed 为feed 的过去式。feed 作及物动词,意为“喂养,饲养”,其后长接表示动物名称的词作宾语。例:I feed my dog every day. 我每天都喂我的狗。【拓展】feed 的常见用法有:①feed sth. to sb. /sth.把某物喂给某人/某物例:Please fed some grass to the cow. 请给这头奶牛喂些草。②feed on 以....为生,以 为食例:Sheep feed on grass. 绵羊以草为食。③feed..on/with.... 用......喂......例:He feeds the dog on meat. 他用肉喂狗。anything pron. 某事,某东西主要用于否定句、疑问句中,用以代替 something.例:Do you want anything from me? 你想从我这里要个东西吗?【拓展】①在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用 something,不用 anything。例:Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗?grow v. 种植;栽培例:We grow flowers and vegetables in our garden. 我们在花园里种植鲜花和蔬菜。【拓展】①grow 可作不及物动词,意为“生长;发育”。例:In spring, everything begins to grow. 春天万物复苏。②grow 可作连系动词,有“逐渐变得”之意,强调变化过程。例:It's growing dark. 天渐渐(变)黑了。③grow up 意为“长大;成长”例:What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想当什么?show sb. around “带领某人参观……”show v. 带领;引领【拓展】①意为“...看;出示;显示”,常构成 show sb. sth 或 show sth to sb 结构。例:You have a new pen; please show it to me. 你有一支新钢笔,请给我看看。②意为“(向人)说明;表明;指示;放映;展出”等。例:Your homework shows that you are very careful. 从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。farming n. 农事;耕作其动词为 farm,意为“耕种;干农活”。例:He is farming in Africa.他正在非洲务农。【拓展】farm 名词,意为“农场”。farmer 意为“农民;农场主”。例:The farmer is at work on a farm.这位农民在农场干活。pick v. 采;摘例:Don't pick flowers in the park.公园里禁止摘花。【拓展】pick up 意为“捡起;拿起”。例:She picked up the book on the floor.她捡起了在地上的那本书。trip n. 郊游,旅行例:Have a good trip!旅途愉快!【辨析】trip 与 traveltrip 名词,特指某次具体的旅行 例:-Where is John?约翰在哪里?-He is on a trip to Shanghai.他去上海旅行了。travel 名词或动词,泛指一般意义的旅行, 不特指某次具体的旅行 例:He likes travelling.他喜欢旅行。fun n. 乐趣,开心,有趣的人或事其前常great,much,a lot of 等修饰,用来加强语气。例:He's great fun, and his dog is great fun, too.他是个有趣的人,他的狗也很有趣。【拓展】①have fun 意为“玩得开心”,相当于have a good time。例:My grandpa often has much fun in the park. 我爷爷经常在公园玩得很开心。②for fun取乐;开玩笑地③在美式英语中fun 可作形容词,意为“有趣的,愉快的”。例:Our English teacher often makes the classes fun. 我们的英语老师经常把课讲得很有趣。④funny用作形容词,意为“滑稽的,可笑的”例:The kids are all making fun of little Tom’s funny hat today.孩子们都在取笑小汤姆今天戴的那顶滑稽的帽子。重点句子-Did you see any cows? 你看到一些奶牛了吗?- Yes,I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的,我看到了。我看到相当多(的奶牛)。(1)此问句的谓语动词为实义动词。该句是一般过 去时态的一般疑问句,其句型是“Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?” 其肯定答语为"Yes,主语+did.”,其否定回答为“No,主语+didn't.例:-Did you do your homework yesterday?昨天你做家庭作业了吗?-Yes, I did. No, I didn't. 是的,我做了。/没有,我没做。(2)quite a lot 意为“相当多”。可加介词of后再与不可数名词或可数名词复数形式连用。例:I like him quite a lot.我非常喜欢他。I have quite a lot of things to tell you. 我有很多事情要告诉你。【辨析】quite 与 very二者均为副词,意为“很,非常”,均可修饰形容词或副词,有时可换用,但也有不同之处;very 位于不定冠词之后,即:a very+形容词+可数名词单数 例:That's a very interesting book.=That's quite an interesting book.那是一本很有趣的书。quite 同形容词连用修饰名词时,置于不定冠词之前,即:quite+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 例:It's quite a nice horse.它是一匹相当好的马。How was your trip last week?上周你的郊游怎么样?How+be+?意为…怎么样?”,为询问某事情况的常用句型,相当于“ What+be+…like?"。其答语常用It is/ was great/excellent.(好极了)./ It is/was OK.(还可以)/It isn' t/wasn’t good.(不好)/ All right.(很好)It is/ was not bad.(还不错)等。例:-How was her holiday?她的假期过得怎么样?-It was not bad.还不错。(2)how疑问副词,意为“怎么样,怎么”,用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用法如下:①询问如何做某事或做某事的方式。例:-How do you go to work?你怎么去上班?-On foot.步行。②询问健康状况怎么样或情况如何。例:-How is your grandfather?你爷爷的身体怎么样?-He' s very well. 他身体很好。-How is it going?情况怎么样?-Very good.非常好。③询问天气状况。例:-How was the weather yesterday?昨天天气怎么样?-It was cloudy.多云。It was excellent.太好了。excellent 形容词,意为“极好的;优秀的”,相当于very good ,通常用于肯定句中,不用于否定句或疑问句中。例:The food is excellent here.这里的食物很好。【拓展】be excellent in 意为“……方面极好”。例:He is excellent in math.他的数学非常好。I visited my grandparents in the countryside.我探望了乡下的祖父母。countryside 不可数名词,意为“乡下,农村”。例:I'm from the countryside.我来自农村。【拓展】county 作名词,通常是“国家”的意思,但在某些场景中也有“农村,乡下”的意思。It was so much fun.那真是挺好玩的。so much 意为“如此多;这么多”,一般用于修饰不可数名词或动词。例:There was so much noise in the classroom.教室里太吵了。You talked so much.你说得太多了。【拓展】so many“这么多;如此多”,常用来修饰可数名词复数。It was great, and the air was so clean.天气好极了,空气是那么干净。clean 此处作形容词,意为“干净的:清洁的",其反义词为 dirty“脏的”。例:We must keep our hands clean.我们必须保持手干净。【拓展】clean 还可作动词,意为“打扫把....弄干净”,常构成短语:clean out“ 打扫干净”; clean up“收拾干净,清理”例:We cleaned up the classroom before we left school.我们离开学校之前打扫了教室。...we worried it would rain 我们担心将下雨。(1)本句为一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句中 worried 为worry 的过去式,从句中would 为will 的过去式。在含有宾语从句的主从复合中,如果主句的时态为过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态。例:He asked what time it was. 他问几点了。【拓展】当宾语从句表示客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是一般过去时态,从句也用一般现在时态。例:The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east. 老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。(2)worry 此处作及物动词,意为“担心;担忧”,后面常接宾语从句。例:The teacher worried that these problems might be too hard for her students. 这位老师担心这些问题可能对她的学生来说太难。【拓展】①worry 作及物动词,还可意为“使担心,使发愁”,常接 sb.作宾语。例:Nothing worries me. 我没有什么可担心的。The boy worried his mother. 这个男孩让他妈妈担心。②worry 还可作不及物动词,意为“忧虑,担心”,后接宾语时,常加 about.例:Tell them not to worry. 告诉他们不要担心。Don't worry about John. He'll be back soon.不必为约翰担忧,他马上就回来。(worry about 相当于be worried about).Luckily,it didn’t, and the sun came out again!幸运的是,没有下雨,并且太阳又出来了!luckily 为副词,意为“幸运地;好运地”,通常放在句首,表示“幸运的是",用来修饰整个句子。例:Luckily, we got there on time.幸运的是,我们准时到达了那里。【拓展】luck 为不可数名词,意为“幸运”;lucky 为形容词,意为“幸运的”Good luck! 好运! 例:You're lucky! 你是幸运的!(2)sun 意为“太阳”,为世界上独一无二的事物. 其前通常要加定冠同 the 。类似的用法还有 moon 月亮" sky“天空",earth"地球”等。【拓展】sunny 为形容司,意为“晴朗的” 例:It's sunny today.今天天气晴朗。(3)come out 意为“出来”,其中 out 为副词。例:The sun is coming out.太阳就要出来了。【拓展】come out 的其他含义:①(花)开放例:The flowers begin to come out.花儿升始幵放。②出版;发表例: His first book came out in 2003.他的第一本书于 2003 年出版了。③透露,传出例:The truth came out at last.真相终于大白。Section B重点单词及短语visit a fire station 参观消防站fire 此处为名词作定语。当 fire 作物质名词“火"讲时为不可数名词,而作“炉火,火火讲时则是可数名词。例:Don't play with fire, because it's very dangerous.不要玩火,因为它很危险。【拓展】①be on fire 着火例:The factory was on fire yesterday,昨天那家工厂着火了。②make afire 生火 例:Let's make a fire.saw some paintings 看到一些油画painting 可数名词,意为“油画,绘画”。例:I saw some paintings.我看到了一些油画。【拓展】①paint 动词,意为“绘画,给 上油漆”例:My elder sister is learning to paint in a school.我姐姐正在一所学校里学绘画。②painter 名词,意为“画家;油漆工”。例:He is a famous painter.他是一位著名的画家。slow adj. 缓慢的slow 此处用作形容词,意为“缓慢的,迟缓的”,其反义词为 fast。例:Why are you so slow? Hurry up! It's late. 你为什么这么慢?快点儿!要迟到了。【拓展】slowly 副词,意为“缓慢地,慢慢地”,可置于句首或动词之后(或前)作状语。例:She is working slowly. 她在慢慢地工作。everything pron. 所有事物;一切事物可用于肯定句疑问句中。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。interested 形容词 ,意为“感兴趣的”,通常用来作表语。常用结构为 be interested in sth“对某事(物)感兴趣”;be interested in doing sth.“对做某事感兴趣”。例:He is interested in playing football.他对踢足球感兴趣。【辨析】interested与interestinginterested 感兴趣的 是人对事物的感受,常在句中作表语,主语为人interesting 有趣的 表示事物本身具有令人产生兴趣的特征,作表语或定语, 修饰物dark adj. 黑暗的;昏暗的反义词为 bright,意为“光明的”。例:It's getting dark. 天快黑了。【拓展】①dark 作形容词,还可意为“(颜色)深的”;反义词为light,意为“(颜色)浅的"。例:I like dark blue. 我喜欢深蓝色。②dark 作名词,意为“黑暗,暗处”。例:She could see nothing in the dark. 她在黑暗中什么也看不见。 重点句子Today I went on a school trip.今天我参加了一次学校郊游。go on a trip 意为“去旅行”,相当于have a trip。go on a trip .... 意为“到……旅行”例:Do you want to go on a trip with me?你想和我一起 去旅行吗?【拓展】go on 常与旅行、远足、野餐、航海类名词连用,意为“去……”,go on a hike 去远足 go on a picnic 去野餐 go on a visit去访问 go on vacation 去度假We got there so fast by train,我们乘火车很快就到达了那里。fast 此处作副词,意为“快地”。例:The boy runs fast.这个男孩跑得快。【拓展】 fast 作形容词,意为“快的”。例:We can take a fast train.我们可以乘快车。【辨析】fast, quickly 与 soonfast 形容词或副词意为“快的(地),迅速的(地)”,多指人的行动或车、船等的速度快。例:He walks fast enough to catch the bus. 他走得快,足能搭上公共汽车。quickly 副词,一般指动作迅速、敏捷,在句中作状语。 例:Take notes quickly.快点儿记笔记。soon 副词 意为“不久”,通常指时间方面的“快”,即时间额短。 例:I'll be back soon.我不久即回。Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot. 然后,导游教我们怎样制作机器人模型。guide 可数名词,此处意为“导游,向导”;还可以表示物,意为“指南;入门书”例:The guide showed us around the museum.导游带我们参观了博物馆。teach此处用作及物动词,意为“教”,过去式为taught。teach常见用法:①teach sb. sth.意为“教给某人某事”,sb.和sth.为teach的双宾语。例:This year Mr. Liu teaches us English. 今年刘老师教我们英语。②teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”例:The girl taught me to ride a horse.那个女孩教我骑马。③teach sb. how to do sth.“教某人做某事”例:The farmer taught me how to milk a cow.这位农夫教我怎样给奶牛挤奶。④teach oneself意为“自学……”相当于learn...by oneself。例:She teaches herself English.=She learns English by herself.她自学英语。(3)how to make a model robot 为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。在此结构中,疑问词包括疑问代词 what,which,who,whose 和疑问副词 when,where,how,why 等。这些疑问词和动词不定式一起构成了 动词不定式短语。在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。例:I don't know how to spell the word.我不知道怎样拼写这个单词。After that, I went to the gift shop and bought some lovely gits for my parents.之后,我去了礼品店并为父母买了一些可爱的礼物。gift 可数名词,意为”礼物;赠品”,与 present 同义。例:He gave her the notebook as a gift.他把那个笔记本当作一件礼物送给了她。(2)lovely 形容词,意为“可爱的,美丽的”。例:We can see lovely views here.在这里我们能看到美丽的景色。【拓展】英语中有一些和 lovely 一样以-ly 结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。friendly 友好的 lively 轻快的,活跃的 lonely 孤单的,寂寞的All in all,it was an exciting day.总之,这是令人兴奋的一天。all in all 意为“总的来说;总之;整体上说”,常用于句首,用来对所阐述的内容进行概括性总结及归纳。例:All in all, it is a great success. 总的来说,它非常成功。【辨析】all in all,in all,at all与after allall in all 意为“总的来说”,位于句首 例:All in all,we had a good time.总的说来,我们过得很愉快。in all 意为“总计,总共” 例:There are 30 students in all.一共有30名学生。at all 意为“根本”,not...at all 一点也不 例:He doesn't like apples at all.他根本不喜欢苹果。after all 意为“毕竟,终究”可位于句首、句中、或句末例:After all, he’s only 6 years old.毕竟,他才6岁。I think today's school trip was terrible. 我认为今天的学校郊游非常糟糕。本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句为一-般现在时态, 宾语从句根据具体情况选用所需时态。例:I think he is a good boy.我认为他是一个好男孩。【拓展】当主句的主语是第一人称且谓语是 think,believe 等词时,如果要进行否定,常把否定转移到主句上来,即“否定转移”。例:I don't think he can answer this question.我认为他回答不出这个问题。There were also too many people and I couldn't really see or hear the guide.而且,人太多,我真的看不见导游,也听不清导游的解说。hear 此处作及物动词,意为“听到;听见”,其过去式为 heard。例:I heard a strange noise in the middle of the night. 半夜里我听到一种奇怪的声音。【拓展】hear sb. do sth.表示"听见某人做了某事或经常做某事”,例:I often hear the young man sing in the next room.我经常听到那个年轻人在隔壁唱歌。hear sb. doing “听见某人正在做某事”。I heard them laughing when I passed his house.我经过他的房子时听到他们在笑。I didn't like the trip at all.我一点儿都不喜欢这次郊游。not at all 意为“根本不;完全不”例:I don't like eating meat at all.我一点儿都不喜欢吃肉。【拓展】not at all 用法小结:①用来回答感谢,意为“不用谢;不客气”。例:A: Thank you very much.多谢你了。B: Not at all.不客气。②用来回答带有感谢性质的客套话,意为“没什么;哪里哪里”。例:A: You are very kind.你真好。B: Not at all.没什么。