高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课时作业

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课时作业，共6页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
（2017北京，D）
Hllywd’s thery that machines with evil（邪恶的）minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics（控制）, put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere（干预）, we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are n careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrd as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrd. Unfrtunately, that plan seem unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme AI researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams-yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just “switch them ff ” as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expects a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine.” Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced（中子诱导）nuclear chain reactin.
词汇积累
1. evil adj. 邪恐的 2. intelligence n. 智力
3. assciate v. 混在一起；将（……和…）联系起来
4. instructin n. 指令，教导 5. dismiss v. 摒弃
6. bjective n. 目标
1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.
A. run ut f human cntrl
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts
D. wrk faster than a mathematician
2. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly hecause they might be able t ________ .
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B. achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. heat mars in internatinal chess matches
3. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t ________.
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
4. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference
C. It will be slved but with difficulty
D. It will stay fr a decade.
B
Whether in the hme r the wrkplace, scial bts are ging t becme a lt mre cmmn in the next few years. Scial rbts are abut t bring technlgy t the everyday wrld in a mre humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the rbt cmpany Jib.
While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be much mre like cmpanins than mere tls. Fr example, these rbts will be able t distinguish when smene happy r sad. This allws them t respnd mre apprpriately t the user.
The Jib rbt, arranged t ship later this year designed t be a persnalized assistant. Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it perfrm different tasks. The rbt desn’t just deliver general answers t questins; it respnds based n what it learns abut each individual in the husehld. It ca d things such as reminding an elderly family member ke medicine r taking family phts.
Scial rbts are nt just finding their way int the hme. They have ptential applicatins in everything frm educatin t health care and are already finding their way int sme f these spaces.
Fellw Rbts is ne cmpany bringing s rbts t the market. The cmpany’s “Oshbt” rbt is built t assist custmers in a stre, which can help the custmers find items and help guide them t the prduct’s lcatin in the stre. It can als speak
Different languages and make recmmendatins fr different items based n what the custmer is shpping fr.
The mre interactin the rbt has with humans, the mre it learns. But Oshbt, like ther scial rbts, is nt intended t replace wrkers, but t wrk alngside ther emplyees. “We have technlgies t train scial rbts t d things nt fr us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
词汇积累
1. distinguish vt.区分；辨别 2. apprpriately adv.适当地；合适地
3. persnalized adj.个性化的；个人化的 4.individual n.个人 5.applicatin n. 应用；申请；应用程序 6. interactin n.交流；相互作用 7. recmmendatin n.推荐
5. Hw are scial rbts different frm husehld rbts?
A. They can cntrl their emtins.
B. They are mre like humans.
C. They d the nrmal husewrk
D. They respnd t users mre slwly
6. What can a Jib rbt d accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Cmmunicate with yu and perfrm pera.
B. Answer yur questins and make requests.
C. Take yur family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey yur rders and remind yu t take pills.
7. What can Oshbt wrk as?
A. A language teacher.
B. A tur guide.
C A shp assistant.
D. A private nurse.
8. We can learn frm the last paragraph that scial rbts will .
A. train emplyees
B. be ur wrkmates
C. imprve technlgies
D. take the place f wrkers
9. What des the passage mainly present?
A. A new design idea f husehld rbts.
B. Marketing strategies fr scial rbts.
C. Infrmatin n husehld rbts.
D. An intrductin t scial rbts.
参考答案
A
【语篇解读】本文为议论文。人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标，它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管，人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的，但并非易事
1. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，人工智能有可能会超出人类的控制，Nrbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点。
2. A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish t preserve its wn existence"以及“it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead”可以看出，有特定目标的机器会保护自身免于毁灭，故选A。
3. D【解析】细节理解題。根据第三段中的“Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines.，using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld.” AJLA得知，一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界。
4. C 【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段的首句“Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in Al seems t be pssible but nt easy."可知，很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是有可能的，但是绝非易事，C项符合文章内容。
B
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。过不了几年，社交类机器人就会以更加人性化的服务方式进入人们的日常生活。它们不仅是一种工具，而且会成为人们的朋友根据不同的人群提供不同的服务。
5. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，如今家庭机器人可以做日常家务，但是社交类机器人则更像是人类的朋友，而不仅仅是工具。例如：这些机器人可判断人的不同心情，从而做出不同的反应。由此可推知与家庭机器人相比，这些机器人更像人类。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，你可以和这种机器人说话，问它问题，要求它去执行各种任务，这种机器人不仅可以给出问题的一般答案，而且还会根据不同的家庭成员作出不同的反应，如提醒老人吃药或者拍全家福等。D项中服从命令”和“提醒吃药”都是这种机器人可以胜任的。
7. C【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“…is built t assist custmers in a stre"可知，Oshbt可以作为售货员，帮助顾客找到他们所需要的商品，并且还能根据顾客需要提出建议。
8. B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，设计这种机器人不是用来替代工人的，而是和其他工人一起工作的，因此它们会成为我们的同事。
9. D【解析】主旨大意题。概括全文可知，本文主要介绍了社交类机器人，如为家庭提供人性化服务的 Jib rbt以及可作为售货员的 Oshbt。