人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练，共7页。试卷主要包含了 fggy adj， target vt， cmpete vi， evident adj， calculate vt， dampness n， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：7
（2019浙江，C）
Califrnia has lst half its big trees since the 1930s, accrding t a study t published Tuesday and climate change seems t a majr factr（因素）.
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests，the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factrs cntributed t the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an eclgist wh was the lead authr f the study. Wdcutters targeted big trees. Husing develpment pushed int the wds. Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces（资源）.
But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shrtage. The researchers figured ut water stress with a cmputer mdel that calculated hw much water trees were getting in cmparisn with hw much they needed taking int accunt such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness f sil, and the timing f snwmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factrs driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.
词汇积累
l. decline v.下降；谢绝
2. fggy adj.有雾的；头脑迷糊的；记忆模糊的
3. target vt.把……作为目标；把……对准
4. cmpete vi.争夺；竞争
5. evident adj.明显的
6. calculate vt.计算；预测；估计
7. dampness n.潮湿
1. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut？
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
2. Which f the fllwing is well-intentined but may be bad fr big trees?
A. Eclgical studies f frests.
B. Banning wdcutting.
C. Limiting husing develpment.
D. Fire cntrl measures.
3. What is a majr cause f the water shrtage accrding t McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snwmelt.
B. A lnger dry seasn.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness f the air.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Califrnia’s Frests: Where Have All the big Trees Gne?
B. Cutting f big Trees t Be Prhibited in Califrnia Sn
C. Why Are the big Trees Imprtant t Califrnia Frests?
D. Patrick McIntyre Grw Mre Big Trees in Califrnia
Ⅱ.完形填空
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：12
（2020新高考I）
Mlai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near sme wetlands which became his secnd 1 . He learned the value and beauty f 2 there frm a very yung age.
When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 3 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number f birds. 5 , the number f snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the 7 . The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek 8 during the daytime. He turned t the 9 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there. Hwever, Mlai went lking n his wn and 10 a nearby island where he began t plant tree.
11 yung plants in the dry seasn was 12 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the 13 f each sapling（幼树）a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 14 rainwater. The water wuld then drip（滴落）n the plants belw.
Mlai 15 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres f naturally grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. jb C. hme D. chice
2. A. nature B. yuth C. culture D. knwledge
3. A. precius B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tensin C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. Hwever C. Therefre D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. nise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directins B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labr B. plice C. frest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discvered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decrating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tugh B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. tp C. ft D. Side
14. A. cl dwn B. keep ff C. purify D. cllect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. cntinued
词汇积累
1. decline ν.下降
2. turn t（使）转向，求助于
3. platfrm n.台，站台，平台
4. result in引起，导致
5. drive away驱赶，驱走
6. a number f许多
7. slutin n.解决方案
8. disturbing adj.令人不安的
9. shelter n.庇护
10. water ν.浇灌
参考答案：
I.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容是人与植物。文章的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。文章侧重于培养学生有关自然环境、人类生存与环境的关系方面的素养。
1.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“文章第二段的主要内容是什么？”。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.D【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？”。根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces.”（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3.C【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为“根据 McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？”。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4.A【解析】主旨大意题。本题题干意为“本文合适的标题是什么？”本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 Califrnia、big trees、lss因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
长难句分析
原句 But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010. McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
句意 但是，在将20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究与2001年至2010年的另一项研究进行比较时，McIntyre和他的同事们记录了一场大范围的大树死亡，这种现象甚至在禁止砍伐和开发以对其进行保护的荒地也很明显。
分析 句子的主干是 McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between2001and2010是介词结构作状i that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment是定语从句。
Ⅱ.语篇解读 本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容为环境保护。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。本文旨在培养学生的环保意识。
1.C【解析】考查名词。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园（hme）。A：梦，梦想；B：工作；D：选择。
2.A【解析】考查名词。句意：他很小就认识到了那里大自然（nature）的价值和美丽。B：青年，青春；C：文化；D：知识。
3.C【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他16岁的时候，莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的（disturbing）事情。由下文可知，洪水破坏了此地的自然环境，使动物在湿地上无法生存，所以令人不安。A：宝贵的；B：有趣的；D：令人尴尬的，笨拙的。
4.D【解析】考查名词。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏（damage）使许多鸟类被迫离开。A：废物；B：紧张；C：痛苦。
5.A【解析】考查副词。句意：此外（besides），蛇的数量也下降了。B：然而；C：所以；D：否则。
6.B【解析】考查动词。句意：他意识到（realize）这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温。A：同意；C：记得，记住；D：预料。
7.B【解析】考查名词。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温（heat）。由上文可知水灾破坏了湿地的植被，毁坏了湿地的自然环境，使动物在白天因为太热无处藏身。A：噪音；C：疾病；D：灰尘。
8.D【解析】考查名词。句意：当然，解决办法是种树，以便这些动物可以在白天寻求庇护（shelter）。A：方向；B：伙伴，搭档；C帮助。
9.C【解析】考查名词。句意：他向森林（frest）部门寻求帮助，但被告知那里什么都不会生长。A：劳动；B：警察；D：金融。
10.B【解析】考查动词。句意：然而，莫莱独自去看了看，发现（discver）了附近的一个岛屿，在那里他开始种树。A：重建；C：离开，剩下；D：经营，管理。
11.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在旱季浇灌（watering）幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的。A：装饰，点缀；B：观察，遵守；D：保卫，守护。
12.A【解析】考查形容词。句意：在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的（tugh）。B：违法的；C：极好的，怪诞的；D：有益的。
13.B【解析】考查名词。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部（tp）建造了个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A：背面，后面；C：底部；D：侧面。
14.D【解析】考查动词及动词短语。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集（cllect）雨水。A：变凉；B：不接近；C：使纯净，净化。
l5.D【解析】考查动词。莫莱在接下来的37年里继续（cntinue）植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家园。A：回来；B：学习；C：衰退，失败。
长难句分析
原句 Mlai built at the tp f each sapling a bamb platfrm，where he placed earthen pts with small hles t cllect rainwater.
句意 莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
分析 这是一个主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 platfrm，where在定语从句中作地点状语；介词短语 with small hles作定语，修饰名词pts；不定式t cllect rainwater作目的状语。