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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction导学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction导学案，共17页。
人工智能是一门基于计算机科学、生物学、心理学、神经科学、数学和哲学等学科的技术科学。人工智能只是一种技术，就像任何技术一样，可以用来造福人类，也可能会为人类带来危害。我们需要以负责和道德的方式使用人工智能，国际社会也需要应对人工智能带来的挑战。
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questins fr bsses and gvernments.
One is the effect n jbs. Althugh bsses publicly praise the brad benefits AI will bring very much, their main interest lies in cutting csts. One Eurpean bank asked a technlgy cmpany t find a way f reducing the staff in its peratins department frm 50,000 t 500. A special reprt has shwn that AIenhanced① tls can help reduce staff in departments such as custmer service and human resurces by a large amunt. The McKinsey Glbal Institute finds that by 2030 up t 375 millin peple, r 14% f the glbal wrkers in cmpanies r cuntries, culd have their jbs autmated② away. Bsses will need t decide whether they are prepared t ffer and pay fr retraining, and whether they will give wrkers time ff fr it. Many cmpanies say they are all fr wrkers develping new skills, but nt at emplyers' expense.
A secnd imprtant questin is hw t prtect privacy③ as AI spreads. The Internet has already made it pssible t track peple's digital behaviur in extremely small detail. AI will prvide even better tls fr businesses t mnitr cnsumers and wrkers, bth nline and in the physical wrld. Cnsumers are smetimes happy t g alng with this if it results in persnalised④ services. But AI prbably brings privacy vilatins⑤ that are seen as shcking and mrally unacceptable. In the wrng hands, useful technlgy culd be against fair and equal treatment. The plice arund the wrld will use AI t spt criminals, but may als lk n rdinary citizens secretly, in rder t discver things r find ut infrmatin abut them. New rules will be needed t ensure agreement n what degree f mnitring is acceptable.
The third questin is abut the effect f AI n cmpetitin in business. Tday many firms are cmpeting t prvide AI－enhanced tls fr cmpanies. But a technlgy cmpany that achieves artificial intelligence culd be ahead f its cmpetitrs, put thers ut f business and lessen cmpetitin. This is unlikely t happen in the near future, but if it did, it wuld be f great cncern.
【注】
①AIenhanced adj.人工智能增强的
②autmate vt.使自动化
③privacy n．隐私
④persnalise vt.使个性化；使个人化
⑤vilatin n．侵犯；违背；妨碍
Sectin Ⅰ Reading, Listening and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 小说，虚构的事
2．________ n. 意外收获，奖金，红利
3．________ n. 诚实正直，完整，完好
4．________ n. 庄重，庄严，尊严
5．________ n. 薪水；薪金
6．________ n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子
vt. (用钉子)钉牢，固定
7．________ vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
8．________ vt. 表明；宣称；公布
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．预约；约会；委任→________ v．任命；委任；安排
2．________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________ n．内疚；悔恨；有罪
3．________ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→________ n．悬挂，暂停，中止
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．ridiculus adj. ______________
2．absurd adj. ________________
3．ladder n. ________________
4．whereas cnj. ________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．________________ 检验；测试
2．________________ 更像是；更接近
3．________________ 以……做试验
4．________________ (或者)说得更正确点
5．________________ 预约；有一个约会
6．________________ 转动；转身
7．________________ 毕竟
8．________________ 及时
9．________________ 比……更；超出；不仅仅
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
As a favur, Tny prmised t help Claire ________________________________.
2．克莱尔感谢了托尼，并称呼他“亲爱的”。
Claire thanked Tny, ________________ him that he was a “dear”．
3．当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就在身后。
As she turned arund, ________________ Gladays Claffern.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Larry brught a rbt hme t ________.
A．make his wife happy
B．test ut the rbt
C．send his wife a gift
D．free his wife frm wrk
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the rbt?
A．Because the rbt was in fact nt a machine.
B．Because she didn't like him.
C．Because she had seen the rbt befre.
D．Because the rbt was mre like a human being than a machine.
3．Wh did Claire turn t fr help when the clerk at the cunter was rude t her?
A．Her husband. B．Gladys Claffern.
C．Tny, the rbt. D．The manager f the shp.
4．Which f the fllwing is NOT Tny's characteristic?
A．Clumsy. B．Handsme.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
5．The rbt Tny helped Claire t realize her dream by ________.
A．making her hme elegant
B．giving her a new haircut and changing the makeup she wre
C．giving her advice n her dresses
D．all the abve
6．Why did Claire buy the items frm the shp?
A．Because her husband was t return.
B．Because Tny was t leave.
C．Because Tny wanted the huse transfrmed.
D．Because she thught she needed them.
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.appintment n．预约；约会；委任
(1)make/have/fix an appintment with sb. 与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)
keep/break an appintment 守/失约
(2)appint vt. 任命，委派；约定；指定
appint sb. (as/t be)．.. 指定/任命某人为……
appint sb. t d sth. 委派/任命某人去做某事
❶We made/had/fixed an appintment that we will g there tgether again.
我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。
❷A punctual persn is in the habit f ding a thing at the prper time and never breaks an appintment.
一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。
❸We appinted him (as/t be) chairman.我们指定他为主席。
❹I was appinted t take charge f arranging all the activities n that day.
我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。
高考助记：
①I have an appintment with my dentist at 11：30.
我约好11点半去看牙医。
②Sam has been appinted manager f the engineering department t take the place f Gerge.
山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I ________ (appint) as head f the Hawaiian Vlcan Observatry (HVO) 20 years ag.
②I hpe I shall get a teaching ________ (appint) at the new schl.
③They appinted him ________ chairman.
④They appinted him ________ (catch) all the rats.
⑤D yu have an appintment ________ the dentist?
⑥We've made ________ appintment with them t meet at the gate f the museum.
2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(1)feel guilty abut/at... 对……感到内疚
(2)be guilty f... 犯……罪
(3)guilt n. 内疚；自责；犯罪
❶I feel really guilty at frgetting her birthday.
我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。
❷I felt guilty abut nt visiting my parents mre ften.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
❸They were fund guilty f murder.他们被判谋杀罪成立。
❹Dn't yu have any feelings f guilt abut leaving David?
你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？
语境助记：
He was guilty f serius miscnduct and he was guilty abut it.
他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。
He ________________________ when lking back n the past.
②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。
He ____________________________ nt giving his seat t the ld lady.
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子)
dismiss sb. frm... 解雇
dismiss sb. fr sth. 因某事解雇某人
dismiss fears/dubts frm ne's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑
近义词：fire解雇；开除
❶The class was dismissed early tday.
今天这个班级提早放学。
❷He was dismissed frm his jb fr incmpetence.
他因为不称职而被解雇了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Last mnth the case ________ (dismiss) wing t lack f evidence.
②Emplyees can ________ (dismiss) fr causing great lsses t the cmpany.
4.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
declare fr/against (ding) 声明赞成/反对(做)……
declare war n... 向……宣战
declare sb./sth.＋adj. 宣布某人/某物……
declare sb./sth. (t be)．.. 宣布某人/某物为……
declare (that)．.. 宣布/宣称……
❶They declared against building a new bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
❷Germany declared war n France n 3 August, 1914.
德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。
❸I nw declare this meeting pen.
我现在宣布会议开始。
❹The painting was declared t be a frgery.
这幅画被判定为赝品。
❺He declared that he was in lve with her.
他声称自己已爱上她。
辨析比较：
He declared his lyalty t the gvernment.
他向政府宣誓效忠。
The manager annunced a sale n the samples f TV this mrning.
今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jnes wn the match and ________ (declare) the winner.
②The wrkers declared ________ the ffer f increasing pay and hlidays.
③In September 1939, Britain declared war ________ Germany after Germany invaded Pland.
5.mre than超过；非常；不仅仅
mre than的用法：
(1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于ver；
(2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”；
(3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”；
(4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或culd，意为“超过……所能”。
名师点津：
mre than ne意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
S far, mre than ne man has been dismissed.
到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。
❶There are mre than 20 kinds f birds n the small island.在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。
❷He is mre than a father. He is a friend.他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。
❸I'm mre than happy t take yu there in my car.我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。
❹That is mre than I can understand.那非我能理解的。
[即学即练] 写出下列句子中mre than的汉语意思/完成句子
①The result was much mre than he culd imagine.____________
②In ding scientific experiments, ne must be mre than careful with the instruments.____________
③She wishes t be treated as nthing mre than a cmmn girl.____________
④The test takes mre than an hur.____________
⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。
____________________________________ n the stage f the Spring Festival Gala.
►第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P2)As a favur, Tny prmised t help Claire make herself mre beautiful and her hme mre elegant.作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
[句式分析] 该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。
(1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。
❶The Internet makes ur lives easy and cnvenient.互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。
(2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。
❷We made him ur team leader last week.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
❸Mst pp singers make music their career.很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
(3)“make＋宾语＋不带t的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
❹My parents ften make me d sme extra hmewrk.
我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带t；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上t。
❺I was made t finish the wrk befre nine.别人让我9点前完成工作。
(4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
❻Yu shuld make yur views knwn.你应该让别人了解你的观点。
❼His actins made him universally respected.他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。
❽I speak slwly t make myself understd.我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。
(5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。
❾He made the cmputer in gd cnditin again.他又把计算机修好了。
⑩Yu made him int an hnest ne.你使他成为一个诚实的人。
特别提示：
当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。
They want t make it clear t the public that they d an imprtant and necessary jb.
他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Can yu make yurself ________ (understand) in Russian?
②Nthing will make me ________ (change) my mind.
③Tm asked the candy makers if they culd make the chclate easier ________ (break) int small pieces.
④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。
We ________________ f ur ftball team.
⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。
He culdn't ________________ abve the nise f the traffic.
2.(教材P2)Claire thanked Tny, telling him that he was a “dear”．
克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。
(1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
❶As the light turned green, I std fr a mment, nt mving, and asked myself what I was ging t d.当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。
❷Adding them all up, we can find the answer.
把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。
❸Gathering arund the fire, the turists danced with the lcal peple.
那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。
名师点津：
(1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。
(2)现在分词的一般式(v.ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。
(3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v.ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①When I was little, my mther used t sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stries till I fell asleep.
②________ (be) t ld, he culdn't walk that far.
③My cusin came t see me frm the cuntryside, ________ (bring) me a full basket f fresh fruits.
④Her mther died, ________ (leave) her with fur yunger brthers.
⑤________ (nt, feel) well, he went t see the dctr.
⑥While I was walking alng the street, I met her.
→________________ alng the street, I met her.
3.(教材P2)As she turned arund, there std Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。
[句式分析] 该句使用了一个完全倒装句。
完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型：
(1)地点副词(here, there等)、时间副词(nw, then)以及方位副词(away, dwn, in, ff, ut, back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be, g, cme等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。
❶There ges the bell.(＝The bell is ringing.)铃响了。
❷Dwn came Stut Santa in a single bund.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stut Santa came dwn in a single bund.)
(2)There be句型(be动词还可以替换为appear, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。
❸There exists an ancient temple in this twn, which attracts many visitrs.
这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。
(3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be, lie, stand, sit等时，句子要完全倒装。
❹Under that tree stands a beautiful girl wh is reading a bk.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A beautiful girl wh is reading a bk stands under that tree.)
特别提示：
此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。
Out they ran.他们跑出去了。
[即学即练] 用完全倒装改写下列句子
①A castle stands n the hill.
________________________________________________________________________
②A natinal flag hangs n the frnt wall f the classrm.
________________________________________________________________________
③The attractive scenery I had been tld abut lay belw me.
________________________________________________________________________
④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤最后一班火车开走了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________ (小说) takes up a large slice f the publishing market.
2．He lst his balance and fell frm the ________ (梯子)．
3．He wuld nt accept this jb fr such a small ________ (薪水)．
4．If yu dn't cncentrate mre n yur wrk, yu'll be ________ (解雇)．
5．We have time and time again ________ (宣布) that we will never be the first t use nuclear weapns.
6．Isn't it ________ (荒谬的) t plant crps and nt weed the fields?
7．They want a huse, ________ (然而) we wuld rather live in a flat.
8．It's difficult t preserve yur ________ (尊严) when yu have n jb and n hme.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have an ________ (appint) with the manager f that cmpany in the evening.
2．All night lng he lay awake, ________ (think) f the prblem.
3．I feel s ________ (guilt) and angry abut the whle issue.
4．He appinted me ________ (meet) his friends at the entrance f the theatre.
5．Germany declared war ________ France n 1 August 1914.
6．They usually have the medicine ________ (test) ut befre putting int the market all ver the cuntry.
7．Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ (be) ill, and her parents suggested she ________ (have) a medical examinatin.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．不止一个学生知道你的秘密。
____________________________ abut yur secret.
2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易读些。
This ____________________________ when yu lk at them later.
3．他们在欧洲开了一家唯一的商店，以检验一下市场情况。
They pened a single stre in Eurpe ________________________________________.
4．他们在那儿站了半个小时，观察着天上的星星。
They std there fr half an hur, ________________________________________.
5．贾斯汀建议我和他一起去一个安静的地方，在那里我们可以单独待着。
Justin suggested that ____________________________ where we culd be alne.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The cmpany fr which Larry wrked was t have a newlymade rbt 1.________ (call) Tny, which was ging t be tested ut by his wife Claire at hme. At the first sight f Tny, Claire felt 2.________ (alarm). She thught 3.________ was ridiculus that a rbt shuld lk s much like human, 4.________ his smth hair and a deep vice althugh his facial expressin never changed. On the secnd mrning, Tny wanted t help her t dress, which made Claire 5.________ (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tny culd make her hme 6.________ (elegance), give her a new hairstyle and imprve her makeup. T decrate her hme, he culd als write ut a list f 7.________ (item) fr her t buy. And finally, Tny helped Claire t finish all the wrk. Tny suggested Claire that she 8.________ (invite) Gladys and her friends t the huse the night befre he was 9.________ (leave) and Larry was t return. 10.________ made us unbelievable was that Tny didn't want t leave Claire in the end!
Unit 1 Science Fictin
Sectin Ⅰ Reading, Listening and Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．fictin 2.bnus 3.integrity 4.dignity 5.salary 6.nail 7.dismiss 8.declare
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．appintment appint 2.guilty guilt 3.suspend suspensin
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 2.荒谬的；荒唐的 3.梯子，阶梯 4.然而；但是；尽管
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．test ut 2.mre like 3.experiment with 4.r rather 5.have an appintment 6.turn arund 7.after all 8.in time 9.mre than
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．make herself mre beautiful and her hme mre elegant 2.telling 3.there std
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C
核心突破·互动探究
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①was appinted ②appintment ③as ④t catch ⑤with ⑥an
2．①feels quite guilty ②felt guilty abut/at
3．①was dismissed ②be dismissed
4．①was declared ②fr ③n
5．①超出……所能 ②非常 ③不仅仅 ④多于，超过 ⑤Mre than ne farmer singer has appeared
►第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①understd ②change ③t break ④made him captain ⑤make himself heard
2．①telling ②Being ③bringing ④leaving ⑤Nt feeling ⑥While walking
3．①On the hill stands a castle.
②On the frnt wall f the classrm hangs a natinal flag.
③Belw me lay the attractive scenery I had been tld abut.
④Away ran the children befre I culd say a single wrd.
⑤There went the last train.
⑥By the windw sat my mther with a cup f cffee in her hand.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Fictin 2.ladder 3.salary 4.dismissed 5.declared 6.absurd/ridiculus 7.whereas/while 8.dignity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．appintment 2.thinking 3.guilty 4.t meet 5.n 6.tested 7.was (shuld) have
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mre than ne student knws 2.makes yur ntes easier t read 3.t test ut the market 4.watching the stars in the sky 5.I (shuld) g with him t a quiet place
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．called 2.alarmed 3.it 4.with 5.embarrassed 6.elegant 7.items 8.(shuld) invite 9.t leave 10.What
annunce
指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
declare
指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等
人工智能是一门基于计算机科学、生物学、心理学、神经科学、数学和哲学等学科的技术科学。人工智能只是一种技术，就像任何技术一样，可以用来造福人类，也可能会为人类带来危害。我们需要以负责和道德的方式使用人工智能，国际社会也需要应对人工智能带来的挑战。
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questins fr bsses and gvernments.
One is the effect n jbs. Althugh bsses publicly praise the brad benefits AI will bring very much, their main interest lies in cutting csts. One Eurpean bank asked a technlgy cmpany t find a way f reducing the staff in its peratins department frm 50,000 t 500. A special reprt has shwn that AIenhanced① tls can help reduce staff in departments such as custmer service and human resurces by a large amunt. The McKinsey Glbal Institute finds that by 2030 up t 375 millin peple, r 14% f the glbal wrkers in cmpanies r cuntries, culd have their jbs autmated② away. Bsses will need t decide whether they are prepared t ffer and pay fr retraining, and whether they will give wrkers time ff fr it. Many cmpanies say they are all fr wrkers develping new skills, but nt at emplyers' expense.
A secnd imprtant questin is hw t prtect privacy③ as AI spreads. The Internet has already made it pssible t track peple's digital behaviur in extremely small detail. AI will prvide even better tls fr businesses t mnitr cnsumers and wrkers, bth nline and in the physical wrld. Cnsumers are smetimes happy t g alng with this if it results in persnalised④ services. But AI prbably brings privacy vilatins⑤ that are seen as shcking and mrally unacceptable. In the wrng hands, useful technlgy culd be against fair and equal treatment. The plice arund the wrld will use AI t spt criminals, but may als lk n rdinary citizens secretly, in rder t discver things r find ut infrmatin abut them. New rules will be needed t ensure agreement n what degree f mnitring is acceptable.
The third questin is abut the effect f AI n cmpetitin in business. Tday many firms are cmpeting t prvide AI－enhanced tls fr cmpanies. But a technlgy cmpany that achieves artificial intelligence culd be ahead f its cmpetitrs, put thers ut f business and lessen cmpetitin. This is unlikely t happen in the near future, but if it did, it wuld be f great cncern.
【注】
①AIenhanced adj.人工智能增强的
②autmate vt.使自动化
③privacy n．隐私
④persnalise vt.使个性化；使个人化
⑤vilatin n．侵犯；违背；妨碍
Sectin Ⅰ Reading, Listening and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 小说，虚构的事
2．________ n. 意外收获，奖金，红利
3．________ n. 诚实正直，完整，完好
4．________ n. 庄重，庄严，尊严
5．________ n. 薪水；薪金
6．________ n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子
vt. (用钉子)钉牢，固定
7．________ vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
8．________ vt. 表明；宣称；公布
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．预约；约会；委任→________ v．任命；委任；安排
2．________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________ n．内疚；悔恨；有罪
3．________ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→________ n．悬挂，暂停，中止
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．ridiculus adj. ______________
2．absurd adj. ________________
3．ladder n. ________________
4．whereas cnj. ________________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．________________ 检验；测试
2．________________ 更像是；更接近
3．________________ 以……做试验
4．________________ (或者)说得更正确点
5．________________ 预约；有一个约会
6．________________ 转动；转身
7．________________ 毕竟
8．________________ 及时
9．________________ 比……更；超出；不仅仅
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
As a favur, Tny prmised t help Claire ________________________________.
2．克莱尔感谢了托尼，并称呼他“亲爱的”。
Claire thanked Tny, ________________ him that he was a “dear”．
3．当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就在身后。
As she turned arund, ________________ Gladays Claffern.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Larry brught a rbt hme t ________.
A．make his wife happy
B．test ut the rbt
C．send his wife a gift
D．free his wife frm wrk
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the rbt?
A．Because the rbt was in fact nt a machine.
B．Because she didn't like him.
C．Because she had seen the rbt befre.
D．Because the rbt was mre like a human being than a machine.
3．Wh did Claire turn t fr help when the clerk at the cunter was rude t her?
A．Her husband. B．Gladys Claffern.
C．Tny, the rbt. D．The manager f the shp.
4．Which f the fllwing is NOT Tny's characteristic?
A．Clumsy. B．Handsme.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
5．The rbt Tny helped Claire t realize her dream by ________.
A．making her hme elegant
B．giving her a new haircut and changing the makeup she wre
C．giving her advice n her dresses
D．all the abve
6．Why did Claire buy the items frm the shp?
A．Because her husband was t return.
B．Because Tny was t leave.
C．Because Tny wanted the huse transfrmed.
D．Because she thught she needed them.
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.appintment n．预约；约会；委任
(1)make/have/fix an appintment with sb. 与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)
keep/break an appintment 守/失约
(2)appint vt. 任命，委派；约定；指定
appint sb. (as/t be)．.. 指定/任命某人为……
appint sb. t d sth. 委派/任命某人去做某事
❶We made/had/fixed an appintment that we will g there tgether again.
我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。
❷A punctual persn is in the habit f ding a thing at the prper time and never breaks an appintment.
一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。
❸We appinted him (as/t be) chairman.我们指定他为主席。
❹I was appinted t take charge f arranging all the activities n that day.
我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。
高考助记：
①I have an appintment with my dentist at 11：30.
我约好11点半去看牙医。
②Sam has been appinted manager f the engineering department t take the place f Gerge.
山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I ________ (appint) as head f the Hawaiian Vlcan Observatry (HVO) 20 years ag.
②I hpe I shall get a teaching ________ (appint) at the new schl.
③They appinted him ________ chairman.
④They appinted him ________ (catch) all the rats.
⑤D yu have an appintment ________ the dentist?
⑥We've made ________ appintment with them t meet at the gate f the museum.
2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(1)feel guilty abut/at... 对……感到内疚
(2)be guilty f... 犯……罪
(3)guilt n. 内疚；自责；犯罪
❶I feel really guilty at frgetting her birthday.
我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。
❷I felt guilty abut nt visiting my parents mre ften.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
❸They were fund guilty f murder.他们被判谋杀罪成立。
❹Dn't yu have any feelings f guilt abut leaving David?
你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？
语境助记：
He was guilty f serius miscnduct and he was guilty abut it.
他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。
He ________________________ when lking back n the past.
②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。
He ____________________________ nt giving his seat t the ld lady.
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子)
dismiss sb. frm... 解雇
dismiss sb. fr sth. 因某事解雇某人
dismiss fears/dubts frm ne's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑
近义词：fire解雇；开除
❶The class was dismissed early tday.
今天这个班级提早放学。
❷He was dismissed frm his jb fr incmpetence.
他因为不称职而被解雇了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Last mnth the case ________ (dismiss) wing t lack f evidence.
②Emplyees can ________ (dismiss) fr causing great lsses t the cmpany.
4.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
declare fr/against (ding) 声明赞成/反对(做)……
declare war n... 向……宣战
declare sb./sth.＋adj. 宣布某人/某物……
declare sb./sth. (t be)．.. 宣布某人/某物为……
declare (that)．.. 宣布/宣称……
❶They declared against building a new bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
❷Germany declared war n France n 3 August, 1914.
德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。
❸I nw declare this meeting pen.
我现在宣布会议开始。
❹The painting was declared t be a frgery.
这幅画被判定为赝品。
❺He declared that he was in lve with her.
他声称自己已爱上她。
辨析比较：
He declared his lyalty t the gvernment.
他向政府宣誓效忠。
The manager annunced a sale n the samples f TV this mrning.
今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jnes wn the match and ________ (declare) the winner.
②The wrkers declared ________ the ffer f increasing pay and hlidays.
③In September 1939, Britain declared war ________ Germany after Germany invaded Pland.
5.mre than超过；非常；不仅仅
mre than的用法：
(1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于ver；
(2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”；
(3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”；
(4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或culd，意为“超过……所能”。
名师点津：
mre than ne意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
S far, mre than ne man has been dismissed.
到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。
❶There are mre than 20 kinds f birds n the small island.在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。
❷He is mre than a father. He is a friend.他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。
❸I'm mre than happy t take yu there in my car.我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。
❹That is mre than I can understand.那非我能理解的。
[即学即练] 写出下列句子中mre than的汉语意思/完成句子
①The result was much mre than he culd imagine.____________
②In ding scientific experiments, ne must be mre than careful with the instruments.____________
③She wishes t be treated as nthing mre than a cmmn girl.____________
④The test takes mre than an hur.____________
⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。
____________________________________ n the stage f the Spring Festival Gala.
►第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P2)As a favur, Tny prmised t help Claire make herself mre beautiful and her hme mre elegant.作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。
[句式分析] 该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。
(1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。
❶The Internet makes ur lives easy and cnvenient.互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。
(2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。
❷We made him ur team leader last week.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
❸Mst pp singers make music their career.很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
(3)“make＋宾语＋不带t的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
❹My parents ften make me d sme extra hmewrk.
我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带t；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上t。
❺I was made t finish the wrk befre nine.别人让我9点前完成工作。
(4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
❻Yu shuld make yur views knwn.你应该让别人了解你的观点。
❼His actins made him universally respected.他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。
❽I speak slwly t make myself understd.我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。
(5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。
❾He made the cmputer in gd cnditin again.他又把计算机修好了。
⑩Yu made him int an hnest ne.你使他成为一个诚实的人。
特别提示：
当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。
They want t make it clear t the public that they d an imprtant and necessary jb.
他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Can yu make yurself ________ (understand) in Russian?
②Nthing will make me ________ (change) my mind.
③Tm asked the candy makers if they culd make the chclate easier ________ (break) int small pieces.
④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。
We ________________ f ur ftball team.
⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。
He culdn't ________________ abve the nise f the traffic.
2.(教材P2)Claire thanked Tny, telling him that he was a “dear”．
克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。
(1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
❶As the light turned green, I std fr a mment, nt mving, and asked myself what I was ging t d.当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。
❷Adding them all up, we can find the answer.
把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。
❸Gathering arund the fire, the turists danced with the lcal peple.
那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。
名师点津：
(1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。
(2)现在分词的一般式(v.ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。
(3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v.ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①When I was little, my mther used t sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stries till I fell asleep.
②________ (be) t ld, he culdn't walk that far.
③My cusin came t see me frm the cuntryside, ________ (bring) me a full basket f fresh fruits.
④Her mther died, ________ (leave) her with fur yunger brthers.
⑤________ (nt, feel) well, he went t see the dctr.
⑥While I was walking alng the street, I met her.
→________________ alng the street, I met her.
3.(教材P2)As she turned arund, there std Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。
[句式分析] 该句使用了一个完全倒装句。
完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型：
(1)地点副词(here, there等)、时间副词(nw, then)以及方位副词(away, dwn, in, ff, ut, back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be, g, cme等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。
❶There ges the bell.(＝The bell is ringing.)铃响了。
❷Dwn came Stut Santa in a single bund.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stut Santa came dwn in a single bund.)
(2)There be句型(be动词还可以替换为appear, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。
❸There exists an ancient temple in this twn, which attracts many visitrs.
这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。
(3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be, lie, stand, sit等时，句子要完全倒装。
❹Under that tree stands a beautiful girl wh is reading a bk.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A beautiful girl wh is reading a bk stands under that tree.)
特别提示：
此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。
Out they ran.他们跑出去了。
[即学即练] 用完全倒装改写下列句子
①A castle stands n the hill.
________________________________________________________________________
②A natinal flag hangs n the frnt wall f the classrm.
________________________________________________________________________
③The attractive scenery I had been tld abut lay belw me.
________________________________________________________________________
④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤最后一班火车开走了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________ (小说) takes up a large slice f the publishing market.
2．He lst his balance and fell frm the ________ (梯子)．
3．He wuld nt accept this jb fr such a small ________ (薪水)．
4．If yu dn't cncentrate mre n yur wrk, yu'll be ________ (解雇)．
5．We have time and time again ________ (宣布) that we will never be the first t use nuclear weapns.
6．Isn't it ________ (荒谬的) t plant crps and nt weed the fields?
7．They want a huse, ________ (然而) we wuld rather live in a flat.
8．It's difficult t preserve yur ________ (尊严) when yu have n jb and n hme.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have an ________ (appint) with the manager f that cmpany in the evening.
2．All night lng he lay awake, ________ (think) f the prblem.
3．I feel s ________ (guilt) and angry abut the whle issue.
4．He appinted me ________ (meet) his friends at the entrance f the theatre.
5．Germany declared war ________ France n 1 August 1914.
6．They usually have the medicine ________ (test) ut befre putting int the market all ver the cuntry.
7．Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ (be) ill, and her parents suggested she ________ (have) a medical examinatin.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．不止一个学生知道你的秘密。
____________________________ abut yur secret.
2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易读些。
This ____________________________ when yu lk at them later.
3．他们在欧洲开了一家唯一的商店，以检验一下市场情况。
They pened a single stre in Eurpe ________________________________________.
4．他们在那儿站了半个小时，观察着天上的星星。
They std there fr half an hur, ________________________________________.
5．贾斯汀建议我和他一起去一个安静的地方，在那里我们可以单独待着。
Justin suggested that ____________________________ where we culd be alne.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The cmpany fr which Larry wrked was t have a newlymade rbt 1.________ (call) Tny, which was ging t be tested ut by his wife Claire at hme. At the first sight f Tny, Claire felt 2.________ (alarm). She thught 3.________ was ridiculus that a rbt shuld lk s much like human, 4.________ his smth hair and a deep vice althugh his facial expressin never changed. On the secnd mrning, Tny wanted t help her t dress, which made Claire 5.________ (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tny culd make her hme 6.________ (elegance), give her a new hairstyle and imprve her makeup. T decrate her hme, he culd als write ut a list f 7.________ (item) fr her t buy. And finally, Tny helped Claire t finish all the wrk. Tny suggested Claire that she 8.________ (invite) Gladys and her friends t the huse the night befre he was 9.________ (leave) and Larry was t return. 10.________ made us unbelievable was that Tny didn't want t leave Claire in the end!
Unit 1 Science Fictin
Sectin Ⅰ Reading, Listening and Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．fictin 2.bnus 3.integrity 4.dignity 5.salary 6.nail 7.dismiss 8.declare
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．appintment appint 2.guilty guilt 3.suspend suspensin
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 2.荒谬的；荒唐的 3.梯子，阶梯 4.然而；但是；尽管
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．test ut 2.mre like 3.experiment with 4.r rather 5.have an appintment 6.turn arund 7.after all 8.in time 9.mre than
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．make herself mre beautiful and her hme mre elegant 2.telling 3.there std
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C
核心突破·互动探究
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①was appinted ②appintment ③as ④t catch ⑤with ⑥an
2．①feels quite guilty ②felt guilty abut/at
3．①was dismissed ②be dismissed
4．①was declared ②fr ③n
5．①超出……所能 ②非常 ③不仅仅 ④多于，超过 ⑤Mre than ne farmer singer has appeared
►第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①understd ②change ③t break ④made him captain ⑤make himself heard
2．①telling ②Being ③bringing ④leaving ⑤Nt feeling ⑥While walking
3．①On the hill stands a castle.
②On the frnt wall f the classrm hangs a natinal flag.
③Belw me lay the attractive scenery I had been tld abut.
④Away ran the children befre I culd say a single wrd.
⑤There went the last train.
⑥By the windw sat my mther with a cup f cffee in her hand.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Fictin 2.ladder 3.salary 4.dismissed 5.declared 6.absurd/ridiculus 7.whereas/while 8.dignity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．appintment 2.thinking 3.guilty 4.t meet 5.n 6.tested 7.was (shuld) have
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mre than ne student knws 2.makes yur ntes easier t read 3.t test ut the market 4.watching the stars in the sky 5.I (shuld) g with him t a quiet place
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．called 2.alarmed 3.it 4.with 5.embarrassed 6.elegant 7.items 8.(shuld) invite 9.t leave 10.What
annunce
指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
declare
指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等
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