必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures习题

这是一份必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures习题，共14页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
体裁：说明文 题材：人物介绍 词数：292 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
Luis Pasteur was brn in Dle，France n December 27，1822.His family was pr，and during his early educatin Pasteur was an rdinary student wh enjyed art and singing. Hwever，when Pasteur was expsed t science as a teenager，he knew he fund his career.
In 1848，Pasteur went t cllege t becme a science teacher. He then became a chemistry prfessr at the University f Strasburg. He gt married in 1849 and had five children. Hwever，three died yung frm typhid a cure.
In Pasteur’s day，peple believed that bacteria（细菌）appeared due t “spntaneus generatin”（自然形成）. They thught that the bacteria just appeared ut f nwhere. Pasteur carried ut experiments t see if this was true. Thrugh his experiments he prved that bacteria were living things that came frm ther living things. They didn’t just spntaneusly appear. This was a majr discvery in the study f bilgy and earned Pasteur the title f Father f Micrbilgy.
As Pasteur learnt mre abut bacteria，he began t think they may be the cause f diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease in silkwrms（蚕）Pasteur decided t investigate. He discvered that this disease was caused by bacteria. By killing them frm the silkwrm farms，he was able t cease the disease and save the French silk business。
Tday Luis Pasteur is knwn as ne f the mst imprtant scientists in histry. His discveries led t an understanding f bacteria and diseases that has helped save millins and millins f lives.
1. After his children’s deaths，Luis Pasteur ________.
A became afraid f infectius diseases
B. was frustrated and wanted t d nthing
C. decided t find ut hw t treat infectius diseases
D. didn’t knw it was typhid fever that caused their deaths
2. What is implied abut Luis Pasteurs discvery in Paragraph 3？
A. It supprted what mst peple thught at that time.
B. It revealed that bacteria ften appeared ut f nwhere.
C. It attracted the attentin f the Father f micrbilgy.
D. It was a very imprtant discvery in the histry f bilgy.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cease” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. End.
B. Find.
C. Develp.
D. Spread.
4.What is the text mainly abut？
A. A disease that killed children easily in histry.
B. A great scientist in the field f bilgy in histry.
C. Sme f the mst imprtant scientists in histry.
D. Sme f the mst imprtant discveries in histry.
B
体裁：说明文 题材：科学研究与发现 词数：340 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
Rle mdels are imprtant fr inspiring scientists，but new research suggests that scientists wh are knwn fr their hard wrk are mre encuraging than scientists wh are viewed as naturally brilliant.
In a series f studies，researchers fund that yung peple were mre mtivated by scientists whse success was cnnected with effrts than thse whse success was because f natural intelligence，even if the scientist was Albert Einstein.
Danfei Hu，a dctral student at Pennsylvania State University，and Janet N. Ann，an assistant prfessr f psychlgy at William Patersn University, said the findings—recently published in Basic and Applied Scial Psychlgy—will help deal with the certain secret abut what it takes t succeed in science.
Accrding t the researchers, there is cncern in the science cmmunity with the number f students wh run after careers in science during schl nly t drp ut f thse career paths nce they graduate frm cllege. T help slve the prblem, Hu and Ann wanted t research rle mdels, wh give the students specific gals behaviur r strategies they can fllw.
The researchers perfrmed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively. In the first study, all participants read the same stry abut cmmn struggles a scientist met in his science career. Hwever, half were tld the stry was abut Einstein, while half were tld it was abut Thmas Edisn. Althugh the stries are the same, participants were mre likely t believe natural brilliance was the reasn fr Einstein’s success. In additin, the participants wh believed the stry was abut Edisn were mre mtivated t cmplete a series f maths prblems.
“This prved that peple generally seem t view Einstein as a genius, with his success cmmnly linked t extrardinary talent,” Hu said. “Edisn, n the ther hand, is knwn fr failing mre than 1, 000 times when trying t create the light bulb, and his success is linked t his effrts.” Hu added, “Knwing that smething great can be achieved thrugh hard wrk and effrts, mre students will step int the science career cnfidently.”
1. What kind f scientist is mre encuraging?
A. Thse wh are famus arund the wrld.
B. Thse wh are famus fr their hard wrk.
C. Thse wh are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D. Thse wh are viewed as great inventrs.
2. What is the cncern in the science cmmunity?
A. Fewer students will wrk n science.
B. The students will drp ut f schl sn.
C. There are fewer rle mdels fr students t fllw.
D. Sme scientists cannt give students specific gals.
3. Why were sme participants mtivated t cmplete a series f maths prblems?
A. They knew the prblems were given by Edisn.
B. They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C. They believed they culd slve the prblems by wrking hard.
D. They knew they were t wrk tgether with Einstein and Edisn.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Einstein’s Success Stry
B. Edisn’s Achievements Are Greater
C. Hw t be a great scientist
D. Einstein Is Less Encuraging Than Edisn
刷7选5
体裁：议论文 题材：成长感悟 词数：257 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[山东潍坊2020高一期中]What d yu want t be when yu grw up？ 1 When yu were asked the questin，did yu have an answer at the ready，r did yu need a few minutes t think abut it？We all have dreams f becming smene great，like a fireman，a teacher，r a rck star. Well，hw did yu d？Maybe yu never desired t be what yu set ut t be r said that yu wuld becme. 2 As we get lder，ur tastes change，ur views n the wrld change，and even ur gals change.
One f the mst imprtant lessns I’ve learnt n my career path is t d smething yu lve t d. I feel that if yu enjy what yu make a living at，yu end up being happy in mre ways than ne. 3 While n jb r business is perfect，the imprtant thing is t enjy it，r learn frm it. If yu are unhappy in yur current situatin，why nt take steps nw t change it？ 4 If yu are already there，I applaud（鼓掌）yu. If nt, realise that it may take sme time t figure ut what yu really want t d，and even mre time t actually get there. That’s all right I can tell yu frm experience that finding and ding what yu lve is abslutely wrth it. All f the research，training，and hands-n experiences have made me a strnger and happier persn.
5 Yu’ll be happier fr it. Trust me. I prmise yu will never lk back.
A. But then again，things change.
B. D what yu lve and lve what yu d.
C. Life itself becmes much mre interesting and fun.
D. Perhaps yu've been asked the questin fr several times.
E. Yu must have met with such a situatin as a little child.
F. Maybe yu will find that the new jb is mre suitable fr yu.
G. There is a jb r a business that is perfect fr yu smewhere ut there.
刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 词数：301 难度：中 建议用时：15分钟
[江西赣州2020高一检测·改编]It was quite a bad time fr me. I was in lw 1 and felt tired physically. Prbably because f this I hadn’t shaved（剃须）fr a few days. 2 because I had been ding sme repairs at my daughter’s huse，I was 3 quite untidily. Getting the bus t g hme，I saw it was almst 4 s I fund a rail（扶手）t rest against.
That was when a yung wman，sitting with her child，std up and 5 me her seat. “Ww!” I thught，surprised. Out lud I said，“D I lk that ld and tired?” She respnded with a smile n her face, “Yu lk like yu've had a 6 day.” I thanked her sincerely and stayed where I was standing.
A mment later a man 7 frm his seat in the back f the bus and 8 his way twards me walking past several peple n the way. He tld me that he had a serius alchl addictin prblem and wanted t ask fr my 9 . We chatted abut life fr a few minutes and then he went back t his seat.
Watching him g，I als lked at the peple 10 me and his seat. He hadn’t 11 t talk t thse strangers. He chse t talk t this stranger，fr whatever. It 12 t him and whatever cmfrt it might bring him. Why?
That’s when it 13 me. I must have lked like a man wh wuld understand the difficult 14 . I was a little sad at first，but then I was inspired by the realisatin that even thugh we are at a lw ebb（处于低潮）we can still 15 thers if we lk like we might be able t meet them where they live r walk awhile in their wrld.
1. A. situatin B. strengths C. spirits D. pwer
2. A. Hwever B. Als C. Anyhw D. But
3. A. dressed B. seated C. decrate D. shwn
4. A. large B. full C. late D. dark
5. A. pinted B. passed C. ffered D. lent
6. A. difficult B. rare C. nice D. valuable
7. A. escaped B. lifted C. hid D. rse
8. A. fught B. fllwed C. made D. felt
9. A. prmise B. advice C. truble D. request
10. A. amng B. alng C. beside D. between
11. A. determined B. demanded C. chsen D. refused
12. A. meant B. seemed C. appeared D. append
13. A. referred t B. belnged t C. adapted t D. ccurred t
14. A. life B. prblem C. reply D. prgramme
15. A. accmpany B. prtect C. please D. help
刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：科技创新 词数：191 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[课标全国I 2020]China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The manned Chang’e-4 prbe（探测器）—name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess— 1 （tuch）dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn’s far side is 2 （extreme）challenging. Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe，China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 3 it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 4 （interesting）t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters（环形山），mre s 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 6 （find）and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it 7 （mean）we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 8 （cnstruct）.Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin，such as hw 9 ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether 10 （it）plans fr a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
刷读后续写
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
[辽宁省实验中学2020高一期中]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At Dana’s yard sale，Tim chse a baseball frm the tys spread n the card table and asked abut the price. Dana tld him everything cst a quarter except Nezumi，a cttn ty rat. It was grey with sme cttn sticking ut frm the hle where an ear had been trn ff.
Nezumi is extra special，s he is wrth ten dllars. He needs a safe new hme, Dana sighed. Tim laughed saying he didn’t have ten dllars. Dana laughed t and gave Nezumi t Tim as a free gift because he was her friend. When Tim whispered it was srt f ld, Dana said ld tys were the best. She then invited Tim t birthday party the next evening，adding that her parents wuld give her a real rat fr her birthday. Tim amazed and asked if it was a live rat.
“Of curse,” Dana said.
At hme，Tim’s mther shwed him the gift she had bught fr Dana. It was a knitting spl（针织线轴）shaped like a mushrm. Mum said Dana culd knit a scarf fr her dll. Tim sighed that Dana wasn’t the knitting kind but the kind t like rats. Mum laughed after knwing what had happened. Tgether they drve t the pet stre where Tim searched and searched and selected a clear plastic ball，ne in which the rat culd run rund n the flr safe frm cats and dgs. Tim thught f Nezumi’s ear and decided Dana’s new rat wuld need this ball.
The next day，Dana brught cupcakes t class. When she handed a cupcake t Tim, she asked if Tim brught Nezumi t schl as Nezumi liked t ride in backpacks. Tim was at a lss because Nezumi was at hme n his bed. Then Dana asked what gift he wuld give her. Tim replied it was a surprise. In silence they sat fr a while befre he heard Dana say her parents wuld give her a new bike fr her birthday instead f a live rat because they thught rats wuld bite things.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
At hme that afternn，Tim stared at the plastic rat ball.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All f a sudden, he had an idea.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了历史上伟大的科学家巴斯德的一些生平经历及其在细菌与传染性疾病等方面的部分发现。
1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 It was the deaths f his children that drve Pasteur t investigate infectius diseases in rder t find a cure.可知，孩子的去世驱使巴斯德调查传染病以寻找治愈的方法。故选C项。
2.D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 This was a majr discvery in the study f bilgy and earned Pasteur the title f Father f Micrbilgy可知，这是生物学研究领域的重要发现，而且使巴斯德获得了“微生物学之父”的称号。故选D项。
3.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的 save the French silk business（拯救了法国的丝绸业）可知，这里的cease意为“终止；停止”，故选A项。
4.B主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了历史上伟大的科学家巴斯德的一些生平经历及其在细菌与传染性疾病等方面的部分发现。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的 but new research suggests that scientists wh are knwn fr their hard wrk are mre encuraging than scientists wh are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。故选B项。
2.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的 there is cncern in the science cmmunity with the number f students wh run after careers in science during schl nly t drp ut f thse career paths nce they graduate frm cllege可知，很多在校期间追求科学事业的学生在大学毕业后就放弃了从事科学相关的事业，也就是说从事科学事业的学生会更少，而这正是科学界所担忧的事情。故选A项。
3.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的关键句 In additin，the participants wh believed the stry was abut Edisn were mre mtivated t cmplete a series f maths prblems.可知，参与者完成一系列的数学题是受到爱迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根据最后一段中的关键句 Edisn，n the ther hand，is knwn fr failing mre than 1，000 times when trying t create the light bulb，and his success is linked t his effrts.可知，爱迪生在尝试发明灯泡时失败了1，000多次，他的成功与他的努力有关综合上述内容可以得知，这些受到爱迪生故事鼓舞的参与者们相信通过努力和勤奋可以解决问题，所以他们才有动力去完成一系列数学题。故选C项。
4.D主旨大意题。第一段中的 scientists wh are knwn fr their hard wrk are mre encuraging than scientists wh are viewed as naturally brilliant点明了本文主旨，再结合文章内容可知，本文主要阐述的是那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。D项“Einstein Is Less Encuraging Than Edisn”中的Einstein代指天生才华横溢的科学家，Edisn代指以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家，即“天生才华横溢的科学家不如以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家鼓舞人心”，故D项最能概括文章主旨。故选D项。
【方法总结】主旨大意题的解题方法浏览全文，抓住关键信息，把握主旨。例如本篇文章中的第四小题，第一段中的 scientists wh are knwn fr their hard wrk are mre encuraging than scientists wh are viewed as naturally brilliant就是关键信息，点明了文章的主旨。再结合选项可知，D项以代指的手法体现了本文的主旨，故D项最适合作本文的标题。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么要做自己喜欢的事以及怎样做自己喜欢的事。
1.D设空处前一句 What d yu want t be when yu grw up？是一个问题，根据设空处后一句 When yu were asked the questin可知，你会被问及这个问题，D项“或许你已经被问过这个问题好几次了”承上启下，选项中的 the questin就指代上一句的问题。故选D项。
2.A根据下文 As we get lder，ur tastes change，ur views n the wrld change，and even ur gals change.可知，随着我们长大，我们的喜好也变了，我们看待事物的观点，甚至我们的目标也会改变。由此可知，事物都会变化。A项符合语境。change是关键词。
3.C根据上文 I feel that if yu enjy what yu make a living at，yu end up being happy in mre ways than ne.可知，如果你喜欢你谋生的方式，你最终会在很多方面都感到幸福。C项“生活本身就会变得有趣得多且更加让人感到快乐”符合语境，前一句中的 happy和C项中的re Interesting和fun相呼应。故选C项。
4.G根据上文 If yu are unhappy in yur current situatin，why nt take steps nw t change it？可知，作者建议如果对现在的状况不满意，可以立刻采取措施做出改变，即另寻工作。G项“总有那么一份工作或者一家企业是最适合你的”为此提供了理由。故选G项。
5.B根据下文 Yu'll be happier fr it.可知，你会因此而更加快乐，代词it指代设空处提到的内容。B项“做你所热爱的并热爱你所做的”符合语境，引出下文。故选B项。
Exercise 2
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在心情低落时，依然在公交车上帮助了一个陌生人。作者以此经历告诉我们，即使处于人生中的低谷，我们仍然可以帮助别人
1.C根据空后的 felt tired physically可知，这里与 physically相对应，表示“情绪低落”，身体也很疲惫。in lw spirits意为“情绪低落”。故选C项。
2.B分析语境可知，下文“作者穿得邋遢”和上文“作者没刮胡子”为顺承关系。als意为“也”，符合语境。
3.A根据上文 because I had been ding sme repairs at my daughter huse和空后的 quite untidily可知，作者“穿得”很邋遢。故选A项4.B根据空后的 s I fund a rail t rest against可知，作者看到车厢里几乎塞“满了”人，所以找了根扶手靠在上面。故选A项。
5.C根据 std up and ________ me her seat可知，一位年轻的女士带着她的孩子站了起来，给作者让出了她的座位。ffer意为“自愿给供”，符合语境。
6.A根据第一段的描述 I was in lw ________ and felt tired physically和 I hadn't shaved fr a few days以及I was ________ quite untidily可知，这位女士给作者让座是因为她认为作者度过了“艰难的”一天故选A项。
7.D根据空后的and ________ his way twards me可知，过了一会儿，一位男士从公共汽车后面的座位上“站了起来”。lift意为“举起”；rise意为“站起来”。故选D项。
8.C根据 walking past several peple n the way可知，这个人向作者“走过来”。make ne's way twards为固定搭配，意为“向……走来”，故选C项。
9.B根据上文 he had a serius alchl addictin prblem和下文的We chatted abut life fr a few minutes可知，这位男士有严重的酗酒问题，想要向作者寻求“建议”。故选B项。
10.D根据上文中的 walking past several peple n the way可知，他的座位与作者所站的地方有一段距离；结合空后的 me and his seat可知，作者看着自己和他座位之间的人。between…，and…，为固定搭配，意为“在……和…之间”。故选D项。
11.C根据下文 He chse t talk t this stranger可知，此处是指他没有选择（chsen）和那些陌生人说话，而是选择和作者这位陌生人说话。故选C项。
12.A根据上文可知，他选择和作者这位陌生人交谈；根据空后的whatever cmfrt it might bring him可知，此处要表达的是这样的谈话对他来说意味着（meant）什么。故选A项。
13.D 下文I must have lked like a man wh wuld understand the difficult ________.和 I was a little sad at first是作者的想法，即作者突然想到”。故 ccurred t正确。
14.A根据上文作者身心疲惫以及一个陌生人向作者征求关于酗酒问题的建议可知，作者觉得自己可能看起来像是一个能理解艰难“生活”的人。与上文中的 We chatted abut life fr a few minutes相呼应。故lie正确。
15.D根据上文作者帮助了走向自己的陌生人这件事可知，此处表达即使我们处于人生低谷，我们仍然可以帮助（help）他人。故选D项。
长难句分析I was a little sad at first，but then I was inspired by the realisatin that even thugh we are at a lw ebb we can still help thers if we lk like we might be able t meet them where they live r walk awhile in their wrld.
句式分析：本句为复合句。句子主干为 I was a little sad at first，but then I was inspired.；but连接前后两个并列分句。名词 realisatin后面是that引导的同位语从句，对其进行解释说明；同位语从句中，句子主干是 we can still help thers；even thugh we are at a lw ebb为让步状语从句；if we lk like we might be able t meet them where they live r walk awhile in their wrld为if引导的条件状语从句，从句中又包含了一个 where引导的地点状语从句。
句意：一开始我有点伤心，但后来我被自己领悟到的东西所鼓舞，那就是即使我们处于（人生的）低谷，如果我们看起来或许可以在他人生活的地方遇见他们或者可以在他们的世界里与他们短暂同行，我们仍然可以帮助他们。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了中国的航天壮举：成为首个让无人探测器—“嫦娥四号”在月球背面着陆的国家。本文介绍了“嫦娥四号”本次的航天任务和意义。
1.tuched句意为：中国成为首个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家。以中国古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的无人探测器“嫦娥四号”上周在月球的南极艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语 last week可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填 tuched。
2.extremely句意为：着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，此处用于修饰形容词 challenging，应用副词，故填extremely。
3.where句意为：由于月球自身遮挡了（地球）与探测器之间直接的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spt，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where引导，故填 where。
4.interest句意为：科学家们对月球的背面尤其感兴趣，因为它有许多深的环形山，比人们所熟悉的月球的正面更多。结合句意可知，此处应为“be+f+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填 interest。
5.than句意见上一题解析。结合上文的 The far side f the mn和mre及下文的 the familiar near side可知，此处含有对比关系，对比月球的背面和正面，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。
6.t find句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极-艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成 use sth t d…结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填 t find。
7.means句意为：布朗大学的科学家卡尔·佩特斯说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”结合语境和上文的“This really excites scientists，"可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故填 means。
8.is cnstructed句意见上一题解析。结合语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语 the mn和 cnstruct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且 the mn为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is cnstructed。
9.much句意为：关于月球构成的数据，比如月球上含有多少冰和其宝藏，能够帮助中国判断其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。结合句意可知，此处应表示“多少”，且ice为不可数名词，故填much。
10.its句意见上一题解析。此处修饰空后的名词 plans，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填is。
刷读后续写
（1）What gift wuld Tim give Dana？
（2）What's the prcess f Tim’s gift preparatin？
（3）Hw des the stry end？
【参考范文】
At hme that afternn, Tim stared at the plastic rat ball. Thinking abut the use f the clear plastic ball if Dana had n rat，he started walking up and dwn the rm with a frwn n his face. Mum was surprised and asked him what had happened. Tim tld her Dana wuldn’t get a live rat frm her parents but a bike. As they were racking their brains（绞尽脑汁）t cme up with an apprpriate gift，Tim turned rund and saw Nezumi n his bed.
All f a sudden, he had an idea. He lifted Nezumi and squeezed Neizumi int the plastic ball with great cautin s that Nezumi wuld be safe frm cats and dgs. Seeing this, Mum asked Tim whether he wuld give Dana an ld cttn rat with ne ear as a gift. Tim ndded with a smile saying she wuld definitely like it. Lking at Mum’s cnfused expressin, Tim added that Dana was the Nezumi kind f persn wh thught ld tys were the best.