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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷Word版含解析docx、北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
考生须知:
1.答题前,考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚,并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名,在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写,要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.本练习卷满分共100分,作答时长90分钟。
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Ten years ag, I had just started my first jb as a Medical Representative in a small twn in India—but was ___1___ every mment f it. I had the ___2___ t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt. T make matters wrse, I was ___3___ frm my riginal plan f pursuing (追求) a Ph.D in bilgy.
All these thughts were crwding thrugh my mind, as I was driving my scter arund the twn visiting ne dctr after anther.
At ne f the traffic lights, I hit a red and had t wait fr the signal t turn green. I nticed that there was a huge rck lying near the square—a result f smebdy’s carelessness. Yet nbdy thught it ___4___ t get ut f the vehicles and mve the rck t the edge f the rad where it wuld lie, harmless.
Suddenly I nticed a yung kid crawling his way acrss the ther side f the rad. He must have had a serius infectin f pli (小儿麻痹症) when he was a baby. He was crawling n bth his hands and ___5___ his bdy behind him.
This guy came up t the rck with a lk n his face shwing that he did nt believe in his handicap (残疾). He was lking at that rck with ___6___ —as if saying t the stne “Yu are an instrument f my will.” He ___7___ t push the rck t the side f the rad. I can never frget that lk f pride n his face, shwing that he has ___8___ smething that able-bdied peple like me were aviding ding.
And lking at this kid fr this brief time, I was reminded hw small my trubles were in respect t his and hw much I was wrrying abut them.
Since then I have never ___9___ . I did pursue my dream f finishing a Ph.D in the bilgical sciences. T that unknwn messenger f hpe and ____10____ , this is the vatin (鼓掌) I wish t give—thugh belatedly.
1. A. expectingB. regrettingC. missingD. wndering
2. A. pressureB. desireC. pleasureD. chance
3 A. passingB. develpingC. departingD. starting
4. A. difficultB. dangerusC. pssibleD. wrthwhile
5. A. draggingB. shapingC. liftingD. flding
6. A. anxietyB. determinatinC. cnfusinD. amazement
7. A. plannedB. failedC. learntD. managed
8. A. recalledB. cnsideredC. preservedD. accmplished
9. A. calmed dwnB. given upC. brken inD. wrked ut
10. A. cperatinB. genersityC. curageD. enthusiasm
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一位医疗代表在残疾小孩的勇气和希望激励下，重新找回自我价值和追求梦想的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年前，我刚开始我的第一份工作，在印度的一个小镇担任医疗代表——但我每时每刻都在后悔。A. expecting期待；B. regretting后悔；C. missing错过；D. wndering想知道。根据下文“t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt”可知，作者很后悔干这个工作，因为无论是否有人需要作者的药，作者都需要推销。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我的药是否有需求，我都有推销和销售的压力。A. pressure压力；B. desire渴望；C. pleasure快乐；D. chance机会。根据下文“t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt”可知，作者面临的是推销和销售药的压力。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我偏离了攻读生物学博士学位的原计划。A. passing经过；B. develping发展；C. departing离开；D. starting开始。根据上文“T make matters wrse”可知，作者没能按原计划读生物学博士学位，depart frm是固定短语，意为“背离”。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有人认为值得下车，把石头搬到路边，这样它就可以安然无恙地躺在那里了。A. difficult困难的；B. dangerus危险的；C. pssible可能的；D. wrthwhile值得的。根据下文“get ut f the vehicles and mve the rck t the edge f the rad where it wuld lie, harmless”可知，没有人会觉得把石头搬到路边是值得的。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用双手匍匐着，身子拖在身后。A. dragging拖；B. shaping塑造；C. lifting举起；D. flding折叠。根据上文“He was crawling n bth his hands”可知，他用双手爬，所以是拖着自己的身体。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚定地望着那块石头，仿佛在对那块石头说：“你是我意志的工具。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. determinatin决心；C. cnfusin困惑；D. amazement惊诧，惊奇。根据下文“Yu are an instrument f my will”可知，那个孩子很坚定地望着石头。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他设法把那块石头推到路边。A. planned计划；B. failed失败；C. learnt学习；D. managed设法做到。根据下文“I can never frget that lk f pride n his face”可知，那个孩子是设法把石头搬到了路边，所以脸上才会有自豪。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他脸上的骄傲，这表明他已经完成了像我这样健全的人避免做的事情。A. recalled回想起；B. cnsidered考虑；C. preserved保护；D. accmplished完成。根据上文“He___7__t push the rck t the side f the rad”可知，那个孩子设法把石头搬到了路边，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，我再也没有放弃过。A. calmed dwn平静下来；B. given up放弃；C. brken in闯入；D. wrked ut解决。根据下文“I did pursue my dream f finishing a Ph.D in the bilgical sciences”可知，作者追逐自己的梦想，所以是没有放弃。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这位不为人知的希望和勇气的使者，这是我想给予的掌声——尽管来得有些迟。A. cperatin合作；B. genersity慷慨；C. curage勇气；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文“He __7__ t push the rck t the side f the rad”可知，那个残疾的孩子把石头搬到了路中间，可见他是一个有勇气的人，向作者传达了勇气。故选C。
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
In 2023, 13.9 millin peple ___11___ (visit) the Spain’s Canary Islands—that’s six times mre than the number f peple wh actually live there. Lcals say they are nt ___12___ all turism because it creates jbs and mney, but they want their gvernment t put a limit n the number f turists. They think the gvernment shuld wrk ut hw many turists can be supprted, s that the Canaries can becme an example f ___13___ (sustain) turism.
【答案】11. visited
12. against
13. sustainable
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了加那利群岛旅游业的发展现状、当地人的态度以及他们对可持续旅游业的期望。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：2023年，有1390万人参观了西班牙的加那利群岛，这是实际居住在那里的人数的六倍。由In 2023可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填visited。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业，因为它创造了就业机会和金钱，但他们希望政府限制游客的数量。由“because it creates jbs and mney”可知，句子表示“当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业”，空格处意为“反对”，用against，故填against。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们认为政府应该计算出可以支持多少游客，这样加那利群岛就可以成为可持续旅游业的一个例子。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词turism，此处表示“可持续旅游业”，空格处意为“可持续的”，形容词是sustainable。故填sustainable。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
In spring, thusands f birds fly nrth t breed in Siberia. Sme birds eat grass shts ___14___ start t grw at the beginning f the seasn. This fd surce is nly available fr a few weeks and rising temperatures ___15___ (cause) by climate change can smetimes make the grass grw earlier than usual. This means that sme birds are arriving t late t eat the grass, ___16___ (leave) them withut a fd surce. As mre and mre land is used fr farming, the natural wetlands ___17___ birds like t search fr fd are disappearing t.
【答案】14. that##which
15. caused 16. leaving
17 where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了影响迁徙鸟类觅食的因素：气候变化和越来越多的土地被用于农业。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些鸟吃初春时节开始生长的草芽。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是grass shts，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种食物来源只能供应几个星期，气候变化引起的气温上升有时会使草比平时生长得早。动词cause和rising temperatures之间是逻辑动宾关系，cause使用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填caused。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着有些鸟来的太晚了，没有时间吃草，导致它们没有食物来源。该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果，leave使用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填leaving。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的土地被用于农业，鸟类觅食的天然湿地也在消失。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the natural wetlands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Dylan Allman, aged 18, recently received an award fr his wrk t prtect hedgehgs (刺猬). The award ___18___ (g) t inspiring peple wh make changes in their cmmunity. Allman’s missin started fur years ag ___19___ he became interested in the number f hedgehgs in his garden. Earlier this year, he launched a prgram, in which a team f vlunteers rescued injured hedgehgs in parts f Wales. Allman als visited schls t teach peple abut hedgehgs and raised mney ___20___ (supprt) animal rescue centers.
【答案】18. ges
19. when 20. t supprt
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Dylan Allman因保护刺猬获得奖项，Allman四年前启动保护项目，救援受伤刺猬，普及知识并筹款支持动物救助中心。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该奖项颁给那些在他们的社区中做出改变的鼓舞人心的人们。根据句中make可知，句子使用一般现在时，g与主语The award之间是主动关系，且主语The award是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填ges。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Allman的任务始于四年前，当时他开始对花园里刺猬的数量感兴趣。空处引导限制性定语从句，描述fur years ag这一时间发生的事件，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Allman还参观了学校，向人们传授刺猬的知识，并筹集资金支持动物救援中心。句中已有谓语visited和raised，空处作非谓语动词，且Allman筹集资金是为了支持动物救援中心，空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填t supprt。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China
The city f Shanghai has brught tgether diverse peples, cultures, and ecnmies frm varius parts f China and arund the wrld. Blending cultural studies with scial sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China will help yu understand the city.
Prgram dates: Nvember 8, 2024 t December 21, 2024
Apply by: August 25, 2024
Prgram Structure
This six-week prgram includes tw curses n Shanghai’s cultural histry and ecnmic develpment experiences. Yu start each week with tw days f seminars (研讨会) designed t let yu see Shanghai differently. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, the grup mves t a field site fr a hands-n research practicum (实践操作课) in cmpanies, gvernment ffices, and cmmunities. Over the weekend, yu try yur wn hands at explring the city and its ecnmy, wrking n creative prjects and/r research papers, with a flexible final prject frmat that accmmdates student pririties.
The prgram cunts as tw semester-lng curses f degree credit (学分), 4 credits each. Bth prgram curses can cunt twards East Asian Studies credit.
Accmmdatins
Yu will live in an n-campus htel in ne f China’s mst distinguished academic institutins. Htel services include wi-fi, daily husekeeping, safe fr strage f valuables, cafeteria and gym. Apart frm all the practical cnveniences f a student district, the campus als ffers library access and will be an ideal base fr yur creative and research prjects.
Applicatin
T apply, yu must:
•Be at least 18 years ld
•Have cmpleted at least ne year f cllege
•Be in gd academic standing
Students enrlled at any university are welcme t apply.
The Winter 2024 applicatin will be available in early July. Each prgram has unique requirements included in the nline applicatin. Beginning yur applicatin early is the best way t ensure that yu have sufficient time t review and cmplete the applicatin requirements by the deadline.
If yu have questins abut the applicatin, please cntact the Harvard Study Abrad Office by email at winterabrad@
21. If yu take 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram, yu _________.
A. will live in a htel near Harvard campusB. will spend twelve days in ttal n seminars
C. can get 4 credits twards East Asian StudiesD. must cmplete a research paper fr a prject
22. If yu want t apply fr this prgram, yu must _________.
A. be a high schl senir
B. have received hands-n training
C. have wrk experience in cmpanies
D. finish n less than ne year f cllege
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T stress the value f taking a winter prgram.
B. T attract mre peple t apply fr a winter prgram.
C. T share a memrable experience at Harvard University.
D. T intrduce requirements fr a final prject at Harvard University.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Structure部分“This six-week prgram includes tw curses n Shanghai’s cultural histry and ecnmic develpment experiences. Yu start each week with tw days f seminars (研讨会) designed t let yu see Shanghai differently.(这个为期六周的课程包括两门关于上海文化史和经济发展经验的课程。你每周都会参加为期两天的研讨会，让你以不同的方式看待上海)”可知，如果你参加2024年哈佛冬季项目，你将在六周时间内每周参加为期两天的研讨会，即你将总计花12天时间参加研讨会。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Applicatin部分“Have cmpleted at least ne year f cllege (已完成至少一年的大学教育)”可知，如果你想申请这个项目，你必须至少完成了一年的大学教育。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Blending cultural studies with scial sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China will help yu understand the city.(将文化研究与社会科学相结合，中国上海2024年哈佛冬季项目将帮助您了解这座城市)”、倒数第二段“The Winter 2024 applicatin will be available in early July. Each prgram has unique requirements included in the nline applicatin. Beginning yur applicatin early is the best way t ensure that yu have sufficient time t review and cmplete the applicatin requirements by the deadline.(2024年冬季应用程序将于7月初推出。在线申请中包含的每个程序都有独特的要求。尽早开始申请是确保您有足够时间在截止日期前审查和完成申请要求的最佳方式)”以及文章内容可知，本文详细介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的日期、申请要求、课程结构、住宿信息等相关信息，其目的是吸引更多人申请参加该项目。故选B。
B
“A bird with a brken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made t feel this way almst every day in schl. By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.
I met T. J. fr the first time at a weekend leadership prgram. At the start f the prgram, T. J. was literally standing utside the circle f students with that “g ahead, impress me” lk n his face. The ice really melted (融化) when the grups started building a list f psitive and negative things that ccurred at schl that year. T. J. had brilliant thughts n thse situatins. The ther students in T. J.’s grup welcmed his cmments. All f a sudden T. J. felt like a part f the grup, and befre lng he was being treated like a leader.
The next fllwing days, T. J. was very active in all the sessins. Later he jined the Hmeless Prject team. He knew smething abut pverty, hunger and hpelessness. The ther students n the team were impressed with his passinate cncern and ideas. By the end f the prgram, the students elected T. J. c-chairman f the team. Many peple culdn’t believe that the principal (校长) wuld allw this crucial beginning t a three-year actin plan t stay in the incapable hands f T. J. Ware.
Tw weeks later, T. J. and his friends led a grup f 70 students in a drive t cllect fd. They cllected a schl recrd: 2, 854 cans f fd in just tw hurs. As the lcal newspaper cvered the event with a full-page article, T. J. started shwing up at schl every day and answered questins frm teachers fr the first time. Later, he led a secnd prject, yielding 9,000 cans f fd in ne day and taking care f 70 percent f the needed fd fr the hmeless shelter fr ne year.
T. J. reminds us that a bird with a brken wing nly needs mending. But nce it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. gt a jb. He became prductive. He is flying quite nicely these days.
24. At first, what was T. J. knwn fr in the twn?
A. Misbehavir and rudeness. B. Ppularity in his grup.
C. Pr academic perfrmance. D. Activeness in class discussin.
25. What changed T. J.’s attitude twards the prgram?
A. Getting supprt frm the principal. B. Jining the Hmeless Prject team.
C. Being the c-chairman f the team. D. Gaining grup members’ recgnitin.
26. What can be learnt frm the stry?
A. Like teacher, like pupil.B. Never fish in trubled water.
C. D nt judge a bk by its cver.D. Birds f a feather flck tgether.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经的问题少年T.J. Ware在一次领导力培训中发生改变，发挥领导才能，最终带领团队创纪录地募集食物，证明了给予机会和支持能让人展现出惊人的潜力和积极改变。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.(到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”可知，起初，T. J.在镇上总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架，以行为不端和粗鲁无礼而出名。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The ice really melted (融化) when the grups started building a list f psitive and negative things that ccurred at schl that year. T. J. had brilliant thughts n thse situatins. The ther students in T. J.’s grup welcmed his cmments. All f a sudden T. J. felt like a part f the grup, and befre lng he was being treated like a leader.(当这些小组开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时，冰真地融化了。T.J.对这些情况有很好的想法。T.J.小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。突然间，T.J.觉得自己是团队的一员，不久之后，他就被当作领导者对待了)”可知，当小组的其他成员欢迎他的评论时，T. J. 感觉自己成为团队的一员，即获得小组成员的认可使得T. J.对项目的态度发生转变。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““A bird with a brken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made t feel this way almst every day in schl. By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.(“折断翅膀鸟永远不会飞得那么高。”我敢肯定，在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”、最后一段“T. J. reminds us that a bird with a brken wing nly needs mending. But nce it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. gt a jb. He became prductive.(T.J.提醒我们，折断翅膀的鸟只需要修理。但一旦它痊愈了，它就能飞得比其他动物高。T.J.找到了一份工作。他变得富有成效)”以及文章内容可知，起初，T. J.被视为问题学生，但通过领导力项目，他展现了自己的潜力和能力，最终做出了显著的贡献，T. J.的故事告诉我们不要仅凭外表或表面行为来评判一个人，这体现了“不要以貌取人”的道理。故选C项。
C
Fr years, scientists have been trying t figure ut whether “brain wrkuts” such as puzzles (字谜) and nline cgnitive games culd strengthen ur minds and slw the prcess f aging.
Nw, a study has fund that regularly attempting a crsswrd may help slw decline in sme peple with mild cgnitive impairment (障碍), an early stage f faltering memry that can smetimes prgress t dementia (痴呆症).
While the study didn't investigate whether crsswrds benefit yunger adults wh are nt dealing with cgnitive decline, it suggests that keeping yur mind active as yu age may benefit yur brain. And the research ffers hpe t thse diagnsed with mild cgnitive impairment that they may be able t stave ff further declines in the memry, language prblems and decisin-making that are the hallmark f the cnditin.
The American Academy f Neurlgy estimates that mild cgnitive impairment affects abut 8 percent f peple ages 65 t 69; 10 percent f peple ages 70 t 74; 15 percent f peple ages 75 t 79; 25 percent f thse ages 80 t 84; and abut 37 percent f peple 85 and lder.
The research, which was funded by the Natinal Institute n Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 t 95 with mild cgnitive impairment. Fr 12 weeks, they were all asked t play ne f tw types f games, fur times a week—spending either 30 minutes n Lumsity, a ppular cgnitive training platfrm, r 30 minutes attempting a digital crsswrd. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "bster" dses f game play six mre times during the 78-week experiment.
By the end f the study, participants were given standard assessments used t measure cgnitive decline, and friends and family reprted n their day-t-day functining. MRI scans als were used t measure brain vlume changes.
Researchers fund that in key measurements—cgnitive decline scres, functinal skills and brain vlume changes—the regular crsswrd players fared better than the game players.
The finding surprised the scientists behind the study wh had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed t bst cgnitive functin, wuld ffer the mst benefit.
“Our study shws that in peple with mild cgnitive impairment, crsswrd puzzles beat the cmputerized games n multiple metrics, ” said Murali Draiswamy, a c-authr f the study. “S, if yu have mild cgnitive impairment, which is different frm nrmal aging, then the recmmendatin wuld be t keep yur brain active with crsswrd puzzles.”
Peple with higher degrees f cgnitive impairment appeared t benefit the mst frm ding the crsswrd, which was designed t be a mderately difficult puzzle cmparable t the Thursday game.
The study has limitatins. Sme f the participants may have just been mre familiar with crsswrds and that's why they respnded better t the puzzles than t Lumsity's cmputer games. Mre years f fllw-up als are needed t determine whether interventins such as crsswrd puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Draiswamy said.
27. What des the underlined phrase "stave ff" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prmte.B. Prevent.C. Experience.D. Cause.
28. Paragraph 4 is written t_________.
A. shw a cncerning cnditinB. cmpare different grups
C. present real-life examplesD. prve an assumptin
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. One's degree f cgnitive impairment depends n hw ld he is.
B. Slving crsswrd puzzles is a recmmendatin t elderly peple.
C. The efficiency f puzzles in preventing dementia has been prved.
D. Crsswrds' effects are linked t hw serius cgnitive impairment is.
30. What makes the findings f the study far frm cnclusive?
A. The lack f variables.B. The weaknesses f assessments.
C. The insufficiency f time span.D. The subjects' preference fr games.
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究发现，定期尝试填字游戏可能有助于减缓一些轻度认知障碍患者的衰退。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“And the research ffers hpe t thse diagnsed with mild cgnitive impairment (这项研究给那些被诊断患有轻度认知障碍的人带来了希望)”由此可推知下文they may be able t stave ff further declines in the memry意思是“他们可能能够避免记忆力、语言问题和决策能力的进一步下降”，可知stave ff意思是阻止，预防，和prevent同义，故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The American Academy f Neurlgy estimates that mild cgnitive impairment affects abut 8 percent f peple ages 65 t 69; 10 percent f peple ages 70 t 74; 15 percent f peple ages 75 t 79; 25 percent f thse ages 80 t 84; and abut 37 percent f peple 85 and lder. (美国神经病学学会(American Academy f Neurlgy)估计，在65岁至69岁的人群中，约有8%的人患有轻度认知障碍；70 - 74岁的人占10%；15%的人年龄在75到79岁之间；年龄在80到84岁之间的人占25%；大约37%的85岁及以上的人。)”和第五段“The research, which was funded by the Natinal Institute n Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 t 95 with mild cgnitive impairment. (这项研究由美国国家老龄研究所(Natinal Institute n Aging)资助，招募了107名年龄在55岁至95岁之间、患有轻度认知障碍的成年人。)”可推知写第四段是为了说明研究对象的相关情况，故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Our study shws that in peple with mild cgnitive impairment, crsswrd puzzles beat the cmputerized games n multiple metrics, ” said Murali Draiswamy, a c-authr f the study. (“我们的研究表明，在轻度认知障碍的人群中，填字游戏在多个指标上都胜过电脑游戏，”该研究的合著者穆拉利·多雷斯瓦米(Murali Draiswamy)说。)”可推知填字游戏的效果与认知障碍的严重程度有关。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mre years f fllw-up als are needed t determine whether interventins such as crsswrd puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Draiswamy said. (Draiswamy说，还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”。)”可知还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”，也就是时间不足，故选C。
D
A Perspective article published in Nature this week says that AI systems pse a further risk: that researchers envisin such tls as pssessed f superhuman abilities when it cmes t bjectivity, prductivity and understanding cmplex cncepts. Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett.
In this article, Messeri and Crckett put tgether a picture f the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities. In ne ‘visin’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tls as able t tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and s survey the scientific literature mre exhaustively than peple can. In bth Oracle and anther visin, called AI as Arbiter, systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings mre bjectively than d peple, because they are less likely t cherry-pick the literature t supprt a desired hypthesis r t shw favuritism in peer review. In a third visin, AI as Quant, AI tls seem t surpass the limits f the human mind in analyzing vast and cmplex data. In the furth, AI as Surrgate, AI tls simulate (模拟) data that are t difficult r cmplex t btain.
Infrmed by anthrplgy and cgnitive science, Messeri and Crckett predict risks that arise frm these visins. One is the illusin f explanatry depth, in which peple relying n anther persn — r, in this case, an algrithm — fr knwledge have a tendency t mistake that knwledge fr their wn and think their understanding is deeper than it actually is.
Anther risk is that research becmes skewed twards studying the kinds f thing that AI systems can test — the researchers call this the illusin f explratry breadth. Fr example, in scial science, the visin f AI as Surrgate culd encurage experiments invlving human behavirs that can be simulated by an AI — and discurage thse n behavirs that cannt, such as anything that requires being embdied physically.
There’s als the illusin f bjectivity, in which researchers see AI systems as representing all pssible viewpints r nt having a viewpint. In fact, these tls reflect nly the viewpints fund in the data they have been trained n, and are knwn t adpt the biases (偏见) fund in thse data. “There’s a risk that we frget that there are certain questins we just can’t answer abut human beings using AI tls,” says Crckett. The illusin f bjectivity is particularly wrrying given the benefits f including diverse viewpints in research.
If yu’re a scientist planning t use AI, yu can reduce these dangers thrugh a number f strategies. One is t map yur prpsed use t ne f the visins, and cnsider which traps yu are mst likely t fall int. Anther apprach is t be deliberate abut hw yu use AI. Deplying AI tls t save time n smething yur team already has expertise in is less risky than using them t prvide expertise yu just dn’t have, says Crckett.
31. Accrding t Paragraph 2, which might scientists agree with?
A. Human intelligence can’t be vershadwed in analyzing data.
B. Prejudice has been ruled ut by AI tls in scientific evaluatin.
C. Studies with desired hypthesis are usually favred in peer review.
D. AI can cnduct a relatively thrugh verview f the prir research.
32. What des the underlined wrd “skewed” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Declining.B. Partial.C. Dynamic.D. Irrelevant.
33 What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Relying n AI t fill gaps in the team’s knwledge is much preferable.
B. AI isn’t limited t the utlk and biases present within its training data.
C. Instant actins must be taken t rate AI’s risks befre it is fully integrated int research.
D. Users cunting heavily n AI tend t underestimate their insight f a cncept.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. A Call fr Cnsidered Use f AI in Science
B. The Unseen Biases f AI in Scial Science
C. AI’s Rle in Enhancing Human Expertise
D. Hw AI Is Shaping Scientific Discvery
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人工智能在科学研究中的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能超人能力的错觉，以及由此产生的研究偏向和客观性幻象。作者呼吁科学家人工智能工具尚处于初级阶段时评估并应对这些风险，提出通过识别使用人工智能的潜在陷阱和有意识地应用人工智能来减少危险的策略。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In ne ‘visin’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tls as able t tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and s survey the scientific literature mre exhaustively than peple can. (在一个“愿景”中，他们将人工智能称为甲骨文，研究人员认为人工智能工具能够不知疲倦地阅读和消化科学论文，因此比人类更详尽地调查科学文献。)”以及“In a third visin, AI as Quant, AI tls seem t surpass the limits f the human mind in analyzing vast and cmplex data. In the furth, AI as Surrgate, AI tls simulate (模拟) data that are t difficult r cmplex t btain. (在第三种愿景中，AI as Quant，人工智能工具在分析庞大而复杂的数据方面似乎超越了人类思维的极限。在第四个中，人工智能作为替代物，人工智能工具模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据。)”可知，人工智能工具可以更详尽地调查科学文献，分析庞大而复杂的数据，并模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据，由此可推知，科学家可能同意的观点是人工智能能够对先前的研究进行相对全面的概述。故选D项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Anther risk is that research becmes skewed twards studying the kinds f thing that AI systems can test—the researchers call this the illusin f explratry breadth. (另一个风险是，研究对于研究人工智能系统可以测试的东西变得skewed——研究人员称之为探索广度的错觉。)”可知，研究可能会偏向于人工智能系统能够测试的类型的事物，推测划线单词表示“偏向的”，与Partial意义相近。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Mlly Crckett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”。)”可知，在人工智能完全融入研究之前，必须立即采取行动对其风险进行评估。故选C项。
34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Mlly Crckett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”)”、最后一段“If yu’re a scientist planning t use AI, yu can reduce these dangers thrugh a number f strategies. One is t map yur prpsed use t ne f the visins, and cnsider which traps yu are mst likely t fall int. Anther apprach is t be deliberate abut hw yu use AI. Deplying AI tls t save time n smething yur team already has expertise in is less risky than using them t prvide expertise yu just dn’t have, says Crckett. (如果你是一名计划使用人工智能的科学家，你可以通过多种策略来减少这些危险。一种是将你提议的用途映射到其中一个愿景，并考虑你最有可能陷入哪些陷阱。另一种方法是慎重考虑如何使用人工智能。Crckett说，部署人工智能工具来节省团队已经拥有的专业知识的时间，比使用它们来提供你没有的专业知识风险更小。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在科学领域的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能能力的过度信任，以及这种信任可能导致的误解和偏斜，呼吁科学家在人工智能工具尚未完全融入研究流程之前，对其潜在风险进行评估，所以“呼吁在科学中经过慎重考虑使用人工智能”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw bjective are yu? Hw ften are yu ver-reacting t situatins, taking things persnally r judging peple unfairly? We all d this at sme time r anther.
___35___ Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments. Mrever, ur desire t succeed is ften s strng, that, under these intense circumstances, ur limiting mental mdels tend t get in ur way, creating even mre stress and causing us t react in ways that we may regret.
Our ability t be bjective depends n ur willingness t questin ur mental mdels, the lens thrugh which we perceive, interpret and respnd t ur wrld. If ur mental mdels are incrrect, then ur understanding f what is ging n and ur respnse t it, are ften incrrect. ___36___
The gd news is that with practice, we can interrupt ur autmatic reactins, and chse a different respnse. Each time we d this, we are re-wiring ur neural netwrk by creating new pathways based n new mdels: new ways f perceiving and respnding t ur wrld. ___37___
One f the mst pwerful mental mdel transfrmatin catalysts (催化剂) is new knwledge r lgic that challenge ld ways f thinking. ___38___ They’ve usually been with us a while, s we tend t trust them. Fr mst f us, we have never been taught abut mental mdels and hw t evaluate them t determine if they are helpful r harmful.
T transfrm unprductive mental mdels, we must change ur mind! We have t decide, thrugh ur wn lgic and reasn, whether ur way f seeing the wrld is n lnger valid fr us. ___39___ It is in the wake f this new knwledge that transfrmatin takes place. At that mment, a set f new cnnectins is created in the brain. It’s these new cnnectins that have the ptential t enhance ur mental resurces t help us transfrm limiting mental mdels.
A. We can actually learn t think smarter!
B. An bjective leader must judge and treat peple fairly.
C. This requires that we be pen t new knwledge and reasning.
D. The key is t accept a prblem as it ccurs and nt take it persnally.
E. This is why we smetimes misjudge situatins and take things persnally.
F. As we have seen, mental mdels are deep — rted beliefs we tend t hld nt.
G. The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend t be less bjective.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了压力下人们易受既有观念影响，导致判断失准，建议通过挑战旧思维模式，学习新知识，重塑神经网络路径，以提升客观性与智慧，实现更公正的决策和反应。
【35题详解】
上文“Hw ften are yu ver-reacting t situatins, taking things persnally r judging peple unfairly? We all d this at sme time r anther.(你多久会对情况反应过度，把事情个人化或不公平地评判别人？我们都会在某个时候这样做)”说明我们都会在某个时候不太客观地做事情，G项“挑战在于，当我们面临压力时，我们往往不那么客观。”承接上文内容，并引出下文“Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力)”，说明压力会影响我们客观判断的能力，G项承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【36题详解】
上文“Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments. Mrever, ur desire t succeed is ften s strng, that, under these intense circumstances, ur limiting mental mdels tend t get in ur way, creating even mre stress and causing us t react in ways that we may regret.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力。此外，我们对成功的渴望往往如此强烈，以至于在这种激烈的环境下，我们的限制性思维模式往往会阻碍我们，造成更大的压力，并导致我们做出可能后悔的反应)”说明影响我们客观判断的能力的原因包含压力和对成功的渴望，E项“这就是为什么我们有时会误判情况，把事情个人化。”承接上文，进一步说明上文原因可能导致的结果，符合题意。故选E。
【37题详解】
上文“The gd news is that with practice, we can interrupt ur autmatic reactins, and chse a different respnse. Each time we d this, we are re-wiring ur neural netwrk by creating new pathways based n new mdels: new ways f perceiving and respnding t ur wrld.(好消息是，通过练习，我们可以中断我们的自动反应，并选择不同的反应。每次我们这样做，我们都在通过基于新模型创建新的路径来重新连接我们的神经网络：感知和应对世界的新方式)”说明通过练习，我们可以创建新的路径重新连接我们的神经网络，以新的方式感知和应对世界，A项“我们实际上可以学会更聪明地思考！”进一步说明实际上，我们可以做到更聪明地思考，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【38题详解】
下文“They’ve usually been with us a while, s we tend t trust them. Fr mst f us, we have never been taught abut mental mdels and hw t evaluate them t determine if they are helpful r harmful.(它们通常和伴随我们一段时间，所以我们倾向于信任它们。对于我们大多数人来说，我们从未被教导过心理模型以及如何评估它们以确定它们是有益的还是有害的)”说明我们会倾向于相信伴随我们一段时间的心理模型，下文中的They指代F项中的mental mdels，F项“正如我们所看到的，心理模型是我们倾向于坚持的根深蒂固的信念。”说明心理模型的概念，引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
【39题详解】
上文“T transfrm unprductive mental mdels, we must change ur mind! We have t decide, thrugh ur wn lgic and reasn, whether ur way f seeing the wrld is n lnger valid fr us.(要转变效果不佳的思维模式，我们必须改变我们的思维方式！我们必须通过自己的逻辑和理性来决定，我们看待世界的方式是否对我们不再有效)”说明我们应该改变自己的思维方式，C项“这要求我们对新知识和推理持开放态度。”给出具体的做法，并引出下文“It is in the wake f this new knwledge that transfrmatin takes place.(正是在这种新知识之后，才发生了转变)”，说明采取具体做法之后会发生的变化，C项承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分）
第一节（共12小题; 共12分）
阅读下面文段, 在设空处填入恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. With the prgress f new medical research, I’m _____________ that peple like me wuld be able t walk again ne day. （根据句意填空）
【答案】cnvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着新的医学研究的进展，我相信像我这样的人总有一天能够再次行走。根据句意可知应填形容词cnvinced，作表语。故填cnvinced。
41. With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless _____________ f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】effrts
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在政府的大力支持和唐山市民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山市从废墟中崛起了。空处应填名词作介词With的宾语，结合句意及“f the city’s peple”可知，此处指“唐山市民的不懈努力”，effrt“努力”，可数名词，此处使用复数形式，故填effrts。
42. Sn after, hwever, prblems came up and the “white bikes” all _____________ —thieves stle them all in a matter f weeks! （用适当的词填空）
【答案】disappeared
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，不久之后，问题出现了，“白色自行车”都消失了——小偷在几周内就把它们全部偷走了！根据句中thieves stle them all in a matter f weeks可知，这种白色自行车被偷走，消失了，空处应用动词disappear，根据句中came和stle可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填disappeared。
43. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been perfrming and encuraging the __________ f Peking Opera fr almst 60 years. (根据句意填空)
【答案】spread
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：直到1961年去世，梅一直在表演和鼓励京剧传播近60年。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“传播”，为spread，它在句子中为不可数名词，故填spread。
44. Of curse, there are still envirnmental risks. Hwever, these shuld be balanced with ecnmic needs. Hpefully, as technlgy imprves, we may have mre________ this balance.(根据句意填空)
【答案】ptins fr managing
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：当然，仍然存在环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可能有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。根据上文中的“随着技术的进步”，we may have mre可知，此处应该为名词复数，结合句意可知，此处为“管理这些平衡的选择”应为ptins fr managing this balance。故填ptins fr managing。
45. Bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way t save energy, reduce air and nise pllutin, and enjy the _____________ f exercise in cities. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】benefits
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并在城市中享受锻炼的好处。根据句中save energy, reduce air and nise pllutin可知，本句介绍共享单车的优点，此处表示享受锻炼的好处，应用名词benefit，表示“益处，好处”，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指，作动词enjy的宾语。故填benefits。
46. When acquiring new knwledge, I’ll try t make _____________ with what I have already learnt. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】cnnectins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在学习新知识时，我会尝试将所学知识联系起来。分析句意和句式结构可知，此处用名词cnnectin作宾语表示“联系”，因为空格前无冠词，所以用名词复数形式构成固定短语make cnnectins with表示“与……建立联系”。故填cnnectins。
47. I am prud that we built ur “impssible” railway, and did s with the care that the envirnment_____________.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】deserves
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让我感到自豪的是，我们修建了“不可能”的铁路，而且也兼顾了保护环境。根据句意可知，句子可理解为“环境应该受到关爱”，空格处意为“应受”，是deserve，句子描述经常性，习惯性的动作，时态用一般现在时，主语envirnment是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填deserves。
48. Xie Lei chse t live with a hst family, wh can help with her _____________ t the new envirnment. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】adaptatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，寄宿家庭可以帮助她适应新的文化。设空处作介词with的宾语，因此需填入adapt的名词adaptatin“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adaptatin。
49. The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm _____________, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen brick walls t reach the light. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】fundatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个组织被称为“根与芽”，因为根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙到达阳光下。空处由不定冠词a和形容词firm修饰，应用可数名词的单数形式，作动词make的宾语，根据句中rts mve slwly under the grund可知，根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，所以空处应用名词fundatin。故填fundatin。
50. But perhaps what is mst significant is the way in which peple have wrked in _____________ with nature t make these terraces and grw rice. (根据句意填空)
【答案】harmny
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式，创造了这些梯田并种植了水稻。what is mst significant作为主语，the way作表语，in which peple have wrked in _____with nature是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way。空格处需要填入的词应与nature搭配，作in宾语，表示人们与自然的关系。根据句意和语境，名词harmny“和谐，融洽”符合语境，in harmny with表示“与……和谐相处”。故填harmny。
51. _____________ with peple frm diverse cultural backgrunds helps us view the wrld frm different angles. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】Cperating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界。根据句中view the wrld frm different angles可知，此处表示与来自不同文化背景的人合作，空处应用动词cperate，使用动名词形式作句子主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Cperating。
第二节（20分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为“用英语讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数100左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The Spirit f Qian Xuesen: A Beacn f Chinese Ingenuity
Qian Xuesen, a twering figure in aerspace engineering, epitmizes China’s resilience and dedicatin t scientific advancement. After he had vercme numerus bstacles, including plitical tensins, he returned t China in 1955, cmmitted t develping the natin’s space prgram. His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, transfrming the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a natin that values educatin, perseverance, and innvatin. His stry inspires millins, shwcasing China’s capacity t nurture talent and achieve remarkable feats in science and technlgy. Thrugh his life and achievements, Qian exemplifies the spirit f mdern China—a cuntry that hnrs its past while reaching fr the stars.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因，投稿参加学校公众号英语栏目的征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：twering→utstanding
致力于：cmmitted t→devted t
重视：value→attach imprtance t
激励：inspire→mtivate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, transfrming the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
拓展句：His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, which transfrmed the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】After he had vercme numerus bstacles, including plitical tensins, he returned t China in 1955, cmmitted t develping the natin’s space prgram.(运用了After引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a natin that values educatin, perseverance, and innvatin. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
考生须知:
1.答题前,考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚,并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名,在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写,要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.本练习卷满分共100分,作答时长90分钟。
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Ten years ag, I had just started my first jb as a Medical Representative in a small twn in India—but was ___1___ every mment f it. I had the ___2___ t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt. T make matters wrse, I was ___3___ frm my riginal plan f pursuing (追求) a Ph.D in bilgy.
All these thughts were crwding thrugh my mind, as I was driving my scter arund the twn visiting ne dctr after anther.
At ne f the traffic lights, I hit a red and had t wait fr the signal t turn green. I nticed that there was a huge rck lying near the square—a result f smebdy’s carelessness. Yet nbdy thught it ___4___ t get ut f the vehicles and mve the rck t the edge f the rad where it wuld lie, harmless.
Suddenly I nticed a yung kid crawling his way acrss the ther side f the rad. He must have had a serius infectin f pli (小儿麻痹症) when he was a baby. He was crawling n bth his hands and ___5___ his bdy behind him.
This guy came up t the rck with a lk n his face shwing that he did nt believe in his handicap (残疾). He was lking at that rck with ___6___ —as if saying t the stne “Yu are an instrument f my will.” He ___7___ t push the rck t the side f the rad. I can never frget that lk f pride n his face, shwing that he has ___8___ smething that able-bdied peple like me were aviding ding.
And lking at this kid fr this brief time, I was reminded hw small my trubles were in respect t his and hw much I was wrrying abut them.
Since then I have never ___9___ . I did pursue my dream f finishing a Ph.D in the bilgical sciences. T that unknwn messenger f hpe and ____10____ , this is the vatin (鼓掌) I wish t give—thugh belatedly.
1. A. expectingB. regrettingC. missingD. wndering
2. A. pressureB. desireC. pleasureD. chance
3 A. passingB. develpingC. departingD. starting
4. A. difficultB. dangerusC. pssibleD. wrthwhile
5. A. draggingB. shapingC. liftingD. flding
6. A. anxietyB. determinatinC. cnfusinD. amazement
7. A. plannedB. failedC. learntD. managed
8. A. recalledB. cnsideredC. preservedD. accmplished
9. A. calmed dwnB. given upC. brken inD. wrked ut
10. A. cperatinB. genersityC. curageD. enthusiasm
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一位医疗代表在残疾小孩的勇气和希望激励下，重新找回自我价值和追求梦想的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年前，我刚开始我的第一份工作，在印度的一个小镇担任医疗代表——但我每时每刻都在后悔。A. expecting期待；B. regretting后悔；C. missing错过；D. wndering想知道。根据下文“t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt”可知，作者很后悔干这个工作，因为无论是否有人需要作者的药，作者都需要推销。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我的药是否有需求，我都有推销和销售的压力。A. pressure压力；B. desire渴望；C. pleasure快乐；D. chance机会。根据下文“t prmte and get sales regardless f whether there was a need fr my drugs r nt”可知，作者面临的是推销和销售药的压力。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我偏离了攻读生物学博士学位的原计划。A. passing经过；B. develping发展；C. departing离开；D. starting开始。根据上文“T make matters wrse”可知，作者没能按原计划读生物学博士学位，depart frm是固定短语，意为“背离”。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有人认为值得下车，把石头搬到路边，这样它就可以安然无恙地躺在那里了。A. difficult困难的；B. dangerus危险的；C. pssible可能的；D. wrthwhile值得的。根据下文“get ut f the vehicles and mve the rck t the edge f the rad where it wuld lie, harmless”可知，没有人会觉得把石头搬到路边是值得的。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用双手匍匐着，身子拖在身后。A. dragging拖；B. shaping塑造；C. lifting举起；D. flding折叠。根据上文“He was crawling n bth his hands”可知，他用双手爬，所以是拖着自己的身体。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚定地望着那块石头，仿佛在对那块石头说：“你是我意志的工具。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. determinatin决心；C. cnfusin困惑；D. amazement惊诧，惊奇。根据下文“Yu are an instrument f my will”可知，那个孩子很坚定地望着石头。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他设法把那块石头推到路边。A. planned计划；B. failed失败；C. learnt学习；D. managed设法做到。根据下文“I can never frget that lk f pride n his face”可知，那个孩子是设法把石头搬到了路边，所以脸上才会有自豪。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他脸上的骄傲，这表明他已经完成了像我这样健全的人避免做的事情。A. recalled回想起；B. cnsidered考虑；C. preserved保护；D. accmplished完成。根据上文“He___7__t push the rck t the side f the rad”可知，那个孩子设法把石头搬到了路边，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，我再也没有放弃过。A. calmed dwn平静下来；B. given up放弃；C. brken in闯入；D. wrked ut解决。根据下文“I did pursue my dream f finishing a Ph.D in the bilgical sciences”可知，作者追逐自己的梦想，所以是没有放弃。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这位不为人知的希望和勇气的使者，这是我想给予的掌声——尽管来得有些迟。A. cperatin合作；B. genersity慷慨；C. curage勇气；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文“He __7__ t push the rck t the side f the rad”可知，那个残疾的孩子把石头搬到了路中间，可见他是一个有勇气的人，向作者传达了勇气。故选C。
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
In 2023, 13.9 millin peple ___11___ (visit) the Spain’s Canary Islands—that’s six times mre than the number f peple wh actually live there. Lcals say they are nt ___12___ all turism because it creates jbs and mney, but they want their gvernment t put a limit n the number f turists. They think the gvernment shuld wrk ut hw many turists can be supprted, s that the Canaries can becme an example f ___13___ (sustain) turism.
【答案】11. visited
12. against
13. sustainable
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了加那利群岛旅游业的发展现状、当地人的态度以及他们对可持续旅游业的期望。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：2023年，有1390万人参观了西班牙的加那利群岛，这是实际居住在那里的人数的六倍。由In 2023可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填visited。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业，因为它创造了就业机会和金钱，但他们希望政府限制游客的数量。由“because it creates jbs and mney”可知，句子表示“当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业”，空格处意为“反对”，用against，故填against。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们认为政府应该计算出可以支持多少游客，这样加那利群岛就可以成为可持续旅游业的一个例子。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词turism，此处表示“可持续旅游业”，空格处意为“可持续的”，形容词是sustainable。故填sustainable。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
In spring, thusands f birds fly nrth t breed in Siberia. Sme birds eat grass shts ___14___ start t grw at the beginning f the seasn. This fd surce is nly available fr a few weeks and rising temperatures ___15___ (cause) by climate change can smetimes make the grass grw earlier than usual. This means that sme birds are arriving t late t eat the grass, ___16___ (leave) them withut a fd surce. As mre and mre land is used fr farming, the natural wetlands ___17___ birds like t search fr fd are disappearing t.
【答案】14. that##which
15. caused 16. leaving
17 where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了影响迁徙鸟类觅食的因素：气候变化和越来越多的土地被用于农业。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些鸟吃初春时节开始生长的草芽。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是grass shts，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种食物来源只能供应几个星期，气候变化引起的气温上升有时会使草比平时生长得早。动词cause和rising temperatures之间是逻辑动宾关系，cause使用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填caused。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着有些鸟来的太晚了，没有时间吃草，导致它们没有食物来源。该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果，leave使用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填leaving。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的土地被用于农业，鸟类觅食的天然湿地也在消失。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the natural wetlands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Dylan Allman, aged 18, recently received an award fr his wrk t prtect hedgehgs (刺猬). The award ___18___ (g) t inspiring peple wh make changes in their cmmunity. Allman’s missin started fur years ag ___19___ he became interested in the number f hedgehgs in his garden. Earlier this year, he launched a prgram, in which a team f vlunteers rescued injured hedgehgs in parts f Wales. Allman als visited schls t teach peple abut hedgehgs and raised mney ___20___ (supprt) animal rescue centers.
【答案】18. ges
19. when 20. t supprt
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Dylan Allman因保护刺猬获得奖项，Allman四年前启动保护项目，救援受伤刺猬，普及知识并筹款支持动物救助中心。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该奖项颁给那些在他们的社区中做出改变的鼓舞人心的人们。根据句中make可知，句子使用一般现在时，g与主语The award之间是主动关系，且主语The award是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填ges。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Allman的任务始于四年前，当时他开始对花园里刺猬的数量感兴趣。空处引导限制性定语从句，描述fur years ag这一时间发生的事件，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Allman还参观了学校，向人们传授刺猬的知识，并筹集资金支持动物救援中心。句中已有谓语visited和raised，空处作非谓语动词，且Allman筹集资金是为了支持动物救援中心，空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填t supprt。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China
The city f Shanghai has brught tgether diverse peples, cultures, and ecnmies frm varius parts f China and arund the wrld. Blending cultural studies with scial sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China will help yu understand the city.
Prgram dates: Nvember 8, 2024 t December 21, 2024
Apply by: August 25, 2024
Prgram Structure
This six-week prgram includes tw curses n Shanghai’s cultural histry and ecnmic develpment experiences. Yu start each week with tw days f seminars (研讨会) designed t let yu see Shanghai differently. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, the grup mves t a field site fr a hands-n research practicum (实践操作课) in cmpanies, gvernment ffices, and cmmunities. Over the weekend, yu try yur wn hands at explring the city and its ecnmy, wrking n creative prjects and/r research papers, with a flexible final prject frmat that accmmdates student pririties.
The prgram cunts as tw semester-lng curses f degree credit (学分), 4 credits each. Bth prgram curses can cunt twards East Asian Studies credit.
Accmmdatins
Yu will live in an n-campus htel in ne f China’s mst distinguished academic institutins. Htel services include wi-fi, daily husekeeping, safe fr strage f valuables, cafeteria and gym. Apart frm all the practical cnveniences f a student district, the campus als ffers library access and will be an ideal base fr yur creative and research prjects.
Applicatin
T apply, yu must:
•Be at least 18 years ld
•Have cmpleted at least ne year f cllege
•Be in gd academic standing
Students enrlled at any university are welcme t apply.
The Winter 2024 applicatin will be available in early July. Each prgram has unique requirements included in the nline applicatin. Beginning yur applicatin early is the best way t ensure that yu have sufficient time t review and cmplete the applicatin requirements by the deadline.
If yu have questins abut the applicatin, please cntact the Harvard Study Abrad Office by email at winterabrad@
21. If yu take 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram, yu _________.
A. will live in a htel near Harvard campusB. will spend twelve days in ttal n seminars
C. can get 4 credits twards East Asian StudiesD. must cmplete a research paper fr a prject
22. If yu want t apply fr this prgram, yu must _________.
A. be a high schl senir
B. have received hands-n training
C. have wrk experience in cmpanies
D. finish n less than ne year f cllege
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T stress the value f taking a winter prgram.
B. T attract mre peple t apply fr a winter prgram.
C. T share a memrable experience at Harvard University.
D. T intrduce requirements fr a final prject at Harvard University.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Structure部分“This six-week prgram includes tw curses n Shanghai’s cultural histry and ecnmic develpment experiences. Yu start each week with tw days f seminars (研讨会) designed t let yu see Shanghai differently.(这个为期六周的课程包括两门关于上海文化史和经济发展经验的课程。你每周都会参加为期两天的研讨会，让你以不同的方式看待上海)”可知，如果你参加2024年哈佛冬季项目，你将在六周时间内每周参加为期两天的研讨会，即你将总计花12天时间参加研讨会。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Applicatin部分“Have cmpleted at least ne year f cllege (已完成至少一年的大学教育)”可知，如果你想申请这个项目，你必须至少完成了一年的大学教育。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Blending cultural studies with scial sciences, 2024 Harvard Winter Prgram in Shanghai, China will help yu understand the city.(将文化研究与社会科学相结合，中国上海2024年哈佛冬季项目将帮助您了解这座城市)”、倒数第二段“The Winter 2024 applicatin will be available in early July. Each prgram has unique requirements included in the nline applicatin. Beginning yur applicatin early is the best way t ensure that yu have sufficient time t review and cmplete the applicatin requirements by the deadline.(2024年冬季应用程序将于7月初推出。在线申请中包含的每个程序都有独特的要求。尽早开始申请是确保您有足够时间在截止日期前审查和完成申请要求的最佳方式)”以及文章内容可知，本文详细介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的日期、申请要求、课程结构、住宿信息等相关信息，其目的是吸引更多人申请参加该项目。故选B。
B
“A bird with a brken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made t feel this way almst every day in schl. By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.
I met T. J. fr the first time at a weekend leadership prgram. At the start f the prgram, T. J. was literally standing utside the circle f students with that “g ahead, impress me” lk n his face. The ice really melted (融化) when the grups started building a list f psitive and negative things that ccurred at schl that year. T. J. had brilliant thughts n thse situatins. The ther students in T. J.’s grup welcmed his cmments. All f a sudden T. J. felt like a part f the grup, and befre lng he was being treated like a leader.
The next fllwing days, T. J. was very active in all the sessins. Later he jined the Hmeless Prject team. He knew smething abut pverty, hunger and hpelessness. The ther students n the team were impressed with his passinate cncern and ideas. By the end f the prgram, the students elected T. J. c-chairman f the team. Many peple culdn’t believe that the principal (校长) wuld allw this crucial beginning t a three-year actin plan t stay in the incapable hands f T. J. Ware.
Tw weeks later, T. J. and his friends led a grup f 70 students in a drive t cllect fd. They cllected a schl recrd: 2, 854 cans f fd in just tw hurs. As the lcal newspaper cvered the event with a full-page article, T. J. started shwing up at schl every day and answered questins frm teachers fr the first time. Later, he led a secnd prject, yielding 9,000 cans f fd in ne day and taking care f 70 percent f the needed fd fr the hmeless shelter fr ne year.
T. J. reminds us that a bird with a brken wing nly needs mending. But nce it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. gt a jb. He became prductive. He is flying quite nicely these days.
24. At first, what was T. J. knwn fr in the twn?
A. Misbehavir and rudeness. B. Ppularity in his grup.
C. Pr academic perfrmance. D. Activeness in class discussin.
25. What changed T. J.’s attitude twards the prgram?
A. Getting supprt frm the principal. B. Jining the Hmeless Prject team.
C. Being the c-chairman f the team. D. Gaining grup members’ recgnitin.
26. What can be learnt frm the stry?
A. Like teacher, like pupil.B. Never fish in trubled water.
C. D nt judge a bk by its cver.D. Birds f a feather flck tgether.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经的问题少年T.J. Ware在一次领导力培训中发生改变，发挥领导才能，最终带领团队创纪录地募集食物，证明了给予机会和支持能让人展现出惊人的潜力和积极改变。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.(到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”可知，起初，T. J.在镇上总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架，以行为不端和粗鲁无礼而出名。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The ice really melted (融化) when the grups started building a list f psitive and negative things that ccurred at schl that year. T. J. had brilliant thughts n thse situatins. The ther students in T. J.’s grup welcmed his cmments. All f a sudden T. J. felt like a part f the grup, and befre lng he was being treated like a leader.(当这些小组开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时，冰真地融化了。T.J.对这些情况有很好的想法。T.J.小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。突然间，T.J.觉得自己是团队的一员，不久之后，他就被当作领导者对待了)”可知，当小组的其他成员欢迎他的评论时，T. J. 感觉自己成为团队的一员，即获得小组成员的认可使得T. J.对项目的态度发生转变。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““A bird with a brken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that T. J. Ware was made t feel this way almst every day in schl. By high schl, T. J. was the mst celebrated trublemaker in his twn. He was always implite, didn’t answer questins and gt int lts f fights.(“折断翅膀鸟永远不会飞得那么高。”我敢肯定，在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。到高中时，T.J.已经是镇上最著名的捣蛋鬼了。他总是不礼貌，不回答问题，还经常打架)”、最后一段“T. J. reminds us that a bird with a brken wing nly needs mending. But nce it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest. T. J. gt a jb. He became prductive.(T.J.提醒我们，折断翅膀的鸟只需要修理。但一旦它痊愈了，它就能飞得比其他动物高。T.J.找到了一份工作。他变得富有成效)”以及文章内容可知，起初，T. J.被视为问题学生，但通过领导力项目，他展现了自己的潜力和能力，最终做出了显著的贡献，T. J.的故事告诉我们不要仅凭外表或表面行为来评判一个人，这体现了“不要以貌取人”的道理。故选C项。
C
Fr years, scientists have been trying t figure ut whether “brain wrkuts” such as puzzles (字谜) and nline cgnitive games culd strengthen ur minds and slw the prcess f aging.
Nw, a study has fund that regularly attempting a crsswrd may help slw decline in sme peple with mild cgnitive impairment (障碍), an early stage f faltering memry that can smetimes prgress t dementia (痴呆症).
While the study didn't investigate whether crsswrds benefit yunger adults wh are nt dealing with cgnitive decline, it suggests that keeping yur mind active as yu age may benefit yur brain. And the research ffers hpe t thse diagnsed with mild cgnitive impairment that they may be able t stave ff further declines in the memry, language prblems and decisin-making that are the hallmark f the cnditin.
The American Academy f Neurlgy estimates that mild cgnitive impairment affects abut 8 percent f peple ages 65 t 69; 10 percent f peple ages 70 t 74; 15 percent f peple ages 75 t 79; 25 percent f thse ages 80 t 84; and abut 37 percent f peple 85 and lder.
The research, which was funded by the Natinal Institute n Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 t 95 with mild cgnitive impairment. Fr 12 weeks, they were all asked t play ne f tw types f games, fur times a week—spending either 30 minutes n Lumsity, a ppular cgnitive training platfrm, r 30 minutes attempting a digital crsswrd. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "bster" dses f game play six mre times during the 78-week experiment.
By the end f the study, participants were given standard assessments used t measure cgnitive decline, and friends and family reprted n their day-t-day functining. MRI scans als were used t measure brain vlume changes.
Researchers fund that in key measurements—cgnitive decline scres, functinal skills and brain vlume changes—the regular crsswrd players fared better than the game players.
The finding surprised the scientists behind the study wh had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed t bst cgnitive functin, wuld ffer the mst benefit.
“Our study shws that in peple with mild cgnitive impairment, crsswrd puzzles beat the cmputerized games n multiple metrics, ” said Murali Draiswamy, a c-authr f the study. “S, if yu have mild cgnitive impairment, which is different frm nrmal aging, then the recmmendatin wuld be t keep yur brain active with crsswrd puzzles.”
Peple with higher degrees f cgnitive impairment appeared t benefit the mst frm ding the crsswrd, which was designed t be a mderately difficult puzzle cmparable t the Thursday game.
The study has limitatins. Sme f the participants may have just been mre familiar with crsswrds and that's why they respnded better t the puzzles than t Lumsity's cmputer games. Mre years f fllw-up als are needed t determine whether interventins such as crsswrd puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Draiswamy said.
27. What des the underlined phrase "stave ff" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prmte.B. Prevent.C. Experience.D. Cause.
28. Paragraph 4 is written t_________.
A. shw a cncerning cnditinB. cmpare different grups
C. present real-life examplesD. prve an assumptin
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. One's degree f cgnitive impairment depends n hw ld he is.
B. Slving crsswrd puzzles is a recmmendatin t elderly peple.
C. The efficiency f puzzles in preventing dementia has been prved.
D. Crsswrds' effects are linked t hw serius cgnitive impairment is.
30. What makes the findings f the study far frm cnclusive?
A. The lack f variables.B. The weaknesses f assessments.
C. The insufficiency f time span.D. The subjects' preference fr games.
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究发现，定期尝试填字游戏可能有助于减缓一些轻度认知障碍患者的衰退。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“And the research ffers hpe t thse diagnsed with mild cgnitive impairment (这项研究给那些被诊断患有轻度认知障碍的人带来了希望)”由此可推知下文they may be able t stave ff further declines in the memry意思是“他们可能能够避免记忆力、语言问题和决策能力的进一步下降”，可知stave ff意思是阻止，预防，和prevent同义，故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The American Academy f Neurlgy estimates that mild cgnitive impairment affects abut 8 percent f peple ages 65 t 69; 10 percent f peple ages 70 t 74; 15 percent f peple ages 75 t 79; 25 percent f thse ages 80 t 84; and abut 37 percent f peple 85 and lder. (美国神经病学学会(American Academy f Neurlgy)估计，在65岁至69岁的人群中，约有8%的人患有轻度认知障碍；70 - 74岁的人占10%；15%的人年龄在75到79岁之间；年龄在80到84岁之间的人占25%；大约37%的85岁及以上的人。)”和第五段“The research, which was funded by the Natinal Institute n Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 t 95 with mild cgnitive impairment. (这项研究由美国国家老龄研究所(Natinal Institute n Aging)资助，招募了107名年龄在55岁至95岁之间、患有轻度认知障碍的成年人。)”可推知写第四段是为了说明研究对象的相关情况，故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Our study shws that in peple with mild cgnitive impairment, crsswrd puzzles beat the cmputerized games n multiple metrics, ” said Murali Draiswamy, a c-authr f the study. (“我们的研究表明，在轻度认知障碍的人群中，填字游戏在多个指标上都胜过电脑游戏，”该研究的合著者穆拉利·多雷斯瓦米(Murali Draiswamy)说。)”可推知填字游戏的效果与认知障碍的严重程度有关。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mre years f fllw-up als are needed t determine whether interventins such as crsswrd puzzles can “truly prevent dementia,” Draiswamy said. (Draiswamy说，还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”。)”可知还需要更多年的随访来确定填字游戏等干预措施是否能“真正预防痴呆”，也就是时间不足，故选C。
D
A Perspective article published in Nature this week says that AI systems pse a further risk: that researchers envisin such tls as pssessed f superhuman abilities when it cmes t bjectivity, prductivity and understanding cmplex cncepts. Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett.
In this article, Messeri and Crckett put tgether a picture f the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities. In ne ‘visin’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tls as able t tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and s survey the scientific literature mre exhaustively than peple can. In bth Oracle and anther visin, called AI as Arbiter, systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings mre bjectively than d peple, because they are less likely t cherry-pick the literature t supprt a desired hypthesis r t shw favuritism in peer review. In a third visin, AI as Quant, AI tls seem t surpass the limits f the human mind in analyzing vast and cmplex data. In the furth, AI as Surrgate, AI tls simulate (模拟) data that are t difficult r cmplex t btain.
Infrmed by anthrplgy and cgnitive science, Messeri and Crckett predict risks that arise frm these visins. One is the illusin f explanatry depth, in which peple relying n anther persn — r, in this case, an algrithm — fr knwledge have a tendency t mistake that knwledge fr their wn and think their understanding is deeper than it actually is.
Anther risk is that research becmes skewed twards studying the kinds f thing that AI systems can test — the researchers call this the illusin f explratry breadth. Fr example, in scial science, the visin f AI as Surrgate culd encurage experiments invlving human behavirs that can be simulated by an AI — and discurage thse n behavirs that cannt, such as anything that requires being embdied physically.
There’s als the illusin f bjectivity, in which researchers see AI systems as representing all pssible viewpints r nt having a viewpint. In fact, these tls reflect nly the viewpints fund in the data they have been trained n, and are knwn t adpt the biases (偏见) fund in thse data. “There’s a risk that we frget that there are certain questins we just can’t answer abut human beings using AI tls,” says Crckett. The illusin f bjectivity is particularly wrrying given the benefits f including diverse viewpints in research.
If yu’re a scientist planning t use AI, yu can reduce these dangers thrugh a number f strategies. One is t map yur prpsed use t ne f the visins, and cnsider which traps yu are mst likely t fall int. Anther apprach is t be deliberate abut hw yu use AI. Deplying AI tls t save time n smething yur team already has expertise in is less risky than using them t prvide expertise yu just dn’t have, says Crckett.
31. Accrding t Paragraph 2, which might scientists agree with?
A. Human intelligence can’t be vershadwed in analyzing data.
B. Prejudice has been ruled ut by AI tls in scientific evaluatin.
C. Studies with desired hypthesis are usually favred in peer review.
D. AI can cnduct a relatively thrugh verview f the prir research.
32. What des the underlined wrd “skewed” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Declining.B. Partial.C. Dynamic.D. Irrelevant.
33 What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Relying n AI t fill gaps in the team’s knwledge is much preferable.
B. AI isn’t limited t the utlk and biases present within its training data.
C. Instant actins must be taken t rate AI’s risks befre it is fully integrated int research.
D. Users cunting heavily n AI tend t underestimate their insight f a cncept.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. A Call fr Cnsidered Use f AI in Science
B. The Unseen Biases f AI in Scial Science
C. AI’s Rle in Enhancing Human Expertise
D. Hw AI Is Shaping Scientific Discvery
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人工智能在科学研究中的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能超人能力的错觉，以及由此产生的研究偏向和客观性幻象。作者呼吁科学家人工智能工具尚处于初级阶段时评估并应对这些风险，提出通过识别使用人工智能的潜在陷阱和有意识地应用人工智能来减少危险的策略。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In ne ‘visin’, which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tls as able t tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and s survey the scientific literature mre exhaustively than peple can. (在一个“愿景”中，他们将人工智能称为甲骨文，研究人员认为人工智能工具能够不知疲倦地阅读和消化科学论文，因此比人类更详尽地调查科学文献。)”以及“In a third visin, AI as Quant, AI tls seem t surpass the limits f the human mind in analyzing vast and cmplex data. In the furth, AI as Surrgate, AI tls simulate (模拟) data that are t difficult r cmplex t btain. (在第三种愿景中，AI as Quant，人工智能工具在分析庞大而复杂的数据方面似乎超越了人类思维的极限。在第四个中，人工智能作为替代物，人工智能工具模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据。)”可知，人工智能工具可以更详尽地调查科学文献，分析庞大而复杂的数据，并模拟太难或太复杂而无法获得的数据，由此可推知，科学家可能同意的观点是人工智能能够对先前的研究进行相对全面的概述。故选D项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Anther risk is that research becmes skewed twards studying the kinds f thing that AI systems can test—the researchers call this the illusin f explratry breadth. (另一个风险是，研究对于研究人工智能系统可以测试的东西变得skewed——研究人员称之为探索广度的错觉。)”可知，研究可能会偏向于人工智能系统能够测试的类型的事物，推测划线单词表示“偏向的”，与Partial意义相近。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Mlly Crckett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”。)”可知，在人工智能完全融入研究之前，必须立即采取行动对其风险进行评估。故选C项。
34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists planning t use AI “must evaluate these risks nw, while AI applicatins are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much mre difficult t address if AI tls becme deeply embedded in the research pipeline”, write c-authrs Lisa Messeri and Mlly Crckett. (合著者Lisa Messeri和Mlly Crckett写道，计划使用人工智能的科学家“现在必须评估这些风险，而人工智能应用仍处于萌芽阶段，因为如果人工智能工具深深嵌入研究管道中，它们将更难解决”)”、最后一段“If yu’re a scientist planning t use AI, yu can reduce these dangers thrugh a number f strategies. One is t map yur prpsed use t ne f the visins, and cnsider which traps yu are mst likely t fall int. Anther apprach is t be deliberate abut hw yu use AI. Deplying AI tls t save time n smething yur team already has expertise in is less risky than using them t prvide expertise yu just dn’t have, says Crckett. (如果你是一名计划使用人工智能的科学家，你可以通过多种策略来减少这些危险。一种是将你提议的用途映射到其中一个愿景，并考虑你最有可能陷入哪些陷阱。另一种方法是慎重考虑如何使用人工智能。Crckett说，部署人工智能工具来节省团队已经拥有的专业知识的时间，比使用它们来提供你没有的专业知识风险更小。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在科学领域的应用可能带来的风险，包括对人工智能能力的过度信任，以及这种信任可能导致的误解和偏斜，呼吁科学家在人工智能工具尚未完全融入研究流程之前，对其潜在风险进行评估，所以“呼吁在科学中经过慎重考虑使用人工智能”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw bjective are yu? Hw ften are yu ver-reacting t situatins, taking things persnally r judging peple unfairly? We all d this at sme time r anther.
___35___ Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments. Mrever, ur desire t succeed is ften s strng, that, under these intense circumstances, ur limiting mental mdels tend t get in ur way, creating even mre stress and causing us t react in ways that we may regret.
Our ability t be bjective depends n ur willingness t questin ur mental mdels, the lens thrugh which we perceive, interpret and respnd t ur wrld. If ur mental mdels are incrrect, then ur understanding f what is ging n and ur respnse t it, are ften incrrect. ___36___
The gd news is that with practice, we can interrupt ur autmatic reactins, and chse a different respnse. Each time we d this, we are re-wiring ur neural netwrk by creating new pathways based n new mdels: new ways f perceiving and respnding t ur wrld. ___37___
One f the mst pwerful mental mdel transfrmatin catalysts (催化剂) is new knwledge r lgic that challenge ld ways f thinking. ___38___ They’ve usually been with us a while, s we tend t trust them. Fr mst f us, we have never been taught abut mental mdels and hw t evaluate them t determine if they are helpful r harmful.
T transfrm unprductive mental mdels, we must change ur mind! We have t decide, thrugh ur wn lgic and reasn, whether ur way f seeing the wrld is n lnger valid fr us. ___39___ It is in the wake f this new knwledge that transfrmatin takes place. At that mment, a set f new cnnectins is created in the brain. It’s these new cnnectins that have the ptential t enhance ur mental resurces t help us transfrm limiting mental mdels.
A. We can actually learn t think smarter!
B. An bjective leader must judge and treat peple fairly.
C. This requires that we be pen t new knwledge and reasning.
D. The key is t accept a prblem as it ccurs and nt take it persnally.
E. This is why we smetimes misjudge situatins and take things persnally.
F. As we have seen, mental mdels are deep — rted beliefs we tend t hld nt.
G. The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend t be less bjective.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了压力下人们易受既有观念影响，导致判断失准，建议通过挑战旧思维模式，学习新知识，重塑神经网络路径，以提升客观性与智慧，实现更公正的决策和反应。
【35题详解】
上文“Hw ften are yu ver-reacting t situatins, taking things persnally r judging peple unfairly? We all d this at sme time r anther.(你多久会对情况反应过度，把事情个人化或不公平地评判别人？我们都会在某个时候这样做)”说明我们都会在某个时候不太客观地做事情，G项“挑战在于，当我们面临压力时，我们往往不那么客观。”承接上文内容，并引出下文“Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力)”，说明压力会影响我们客观判断的能力，G项承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【36题详解】
上文“Under stress, mst f us draw slely n ur past experiences and biases, which clud ur ability t see things clearly and make sund judgments. Mrever, ur desire t succeed is ften s strng, that, under these intense circumstances, ur limiting mental mdels tend t get in ur way, creating even mre stress and causing us t react in ways that we may regret.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力。此外，我们对成功的渴望往往如此强烈，以至于在这种激烈的环境下，我们的限制性思维模式往往会阻碍我们，造成更大的压力，并导致我们做出可能后悔的反应)”说明影响我们客观判断的能力的原因包含压力和对成功的渴望，E项“这就是为什么我们有时会误判情况，把事情个人化。”承接上文，进一步说明上文原因可能导致的结果，符合题意。故选E。
【37题详解】
上文“The gd news is that with practice, we can interrupt ur autmatic reactins, and chse a different respnse. Each time we d this, we are re-wiring ur neural netwrk by creating new pathways based n new mdels: new ways f perceiving and respnding t ur wrld.(好消息是，通过练习，我们可以中断我们的自动反应，并选择不同的反应。每次我们这样做，我们都在通过基于新模型创建新的路径来重新连接我们的神经网络：感知和应对世界的新方式)”说明通过练习，我们可以创建新的路径重新连接我们的神经网络，以新的方式感知和应对世界，A项“我们实际上可以学会更聪明地思考！”进一步说明实际上，我们可以做到更聪明地思考，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【38题详解】
下文“They’ve usually been with us a while, s we tend t trust them. Fr mst f us, we have never been taught abut mental mdels and hw t evaluate them t determine if they are helpful r harmful.(它们通常和伴随我们一段时间，所以我们倾向于信任它们。对于我们大多数人来说，我们从未被教导过心理模型以及如何评估它们以确定它们是有益的还是有害的)”说明我们会倾向于相信伴随我们一段时间的心理模型，下文中的They指代F项中的mental mdels，F项“正如我们所看到的，心理模型是我们倾向于坚持的根深蒂固的信念。”说明心理模型的概念，引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
【39题详解】
上文“T transfrm unprductive mental mdels, we must change ur mind! We have t decide, thrugh ur wn lgic and reasn, whether ur way f seeing the wrld is n lnger valid fr us.(要转变效果不佳的思维模式，我们必须改变我们的思维方式！我们必须通过自己的逻辑和理性来决定，我们看待世界的方式是否对我们不再有效)”说明我们应该改变自己的思维方式，C项“这要求我们对新知识和推理持开放态度。”给出具体的做法，并引出下文“It is in the wake f this new knwledge that transfrmatin takes place.(正是在这种新知识之后，才发生了转变)”，说明采取具体做法之后会发生的变化，C项承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分）
第一节（共12小题; 共12分）
阅读下面文段, 在设空处填入恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. With the prgress f new medical research, I’m _____________ that peple like me wuld be able t walk again ne day. （根据句意填空）
【答案】cnvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着新的医学研究的进展，我相信像我这样的人总有一天能够再次行走。根据句意可知应填形容词cnvinced，作表语。故填cnvinced。
41. With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless _____________ f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】effrts
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在政府的大力支持和唐山市民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山市从废墟中崛起了。空处应填名词作介词With的宾语，结合句意及“f the city’s peple”可知，此处指“唐山市民的不懈努力”，effrt“努力”，可数名词，此处使用复数形式，故填effrts。
42. Sn after, hwever, prblems came up and the “white bikes” all _____________ —thieves stle them all in a matter f weeks! （用适当的词填空）
【答案】disappeared
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，不久之后，问题出现了，“白色自行车”都消失了——小偷在几周内就把它们全部偷走了！根据句中thieves stle them all in a matter f weeks可知，这种白色自行车被偷走，消失了，空处应用动词disappear，根据句中came和stle可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填disappeared。
43. Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been perfrming and encuraging the __________ f Peking Opera fr almst 60 years. (根据句意填空)
【答案】spread
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：直到1961年去世，梅一直在表演和鼓励京剧传播近60年。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义是“传播”，为spread，它在句子中为不可数名词，故填spread。
44. Of curse, there are still envirnmental risks. Hwever, these shuld be balanced with ecnmic needs. Hpefully, as technlgy imprves, we may have mre________ this balance.(根据句意填空)
【答案】ptins fr managing
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：当然，仍然存在环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可能有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。根据上文中的“随着技术的进步”，we may have mre可知，此处应该为名词复数，结合句意可知，此处为“管理这些平衡的选择”应为ptins fr managing this balance。故填ptins fr managing。
45. Bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way t save energy, reduce air and nise pllutin, and enjy the _____________ f exercise in cities. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】benefits
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并在城市中享受锻炼的好处。根据句中save energy, reduce air and nise pllutin可知，本句介绍共享单车的优点，此处表示享受锻炼的好处，应用名词benefit，表示“益处，好处”，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指，作动词enjy的宾语。故填benefits。
46. When acquiring new knwledge, I’ll try t make _____________ with what I have already learnt. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】cnnectins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在学习新知识时，我会尝试将所学知识联系起来。分析句意和句式结构可知，此处用名词cnnectin作宾语表示“联系”，因为空格前无冠词，所以用名词复数形式构成固定短语make cnnectins with表示“与……建立联系”。故填cnnectins。
47. I am prud that we built ur “impssible” railway, and did s with the care that the envirnment_____________.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】deserves
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让我感到自豪的是，我们修建了“不可能”的铁路，而且也兼顾了保护环境。根据句意可知，句子可理解为“环境应该受到关爱”，空格处意为“应受”，是deserve，句子描述经常性，习惯性的动作，时态用一般现在时，主语envirnment是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填deserves。
48. Xie Lei chse t live with a hst family, wh can help with her _____________ t the new envirnment. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】adaptatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，寄宿家庭可以帮助她适应新的文化。设空处作介词with的宾语，因此需填入adapt的名词adaptatin“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adaptatin。
49. The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm _____________, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen brick walls t reach the light. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】fundatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个组织被称为“根与芽”，因为根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙到达阳光下。空处由不定冠词a和形容词firm修饰，应用可数名词的单数形式，作动词make的宾语，根据句中rts mve slwly under the grund可知，根在地下缓慢移动，形成坚实的基础，所以空处应用名词fundatin。故填fundatin。
50. But perhaps what is mst significant is the way in which peple have wrked in _____________ with nature t make these terraces and grw rice. (根据句意填空)
【答案】harmny
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式，创造了这些梯田并种植了水稻。what is mst significant作为主语，the way作表语，in which peple have wrked in _____with nature是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way。空格处需要填入的词应与nature搭配，作in宾语，表示人们与自然的关系。根据句意和语境，名词harmny“和谐，融洽”符合语境，in harmny with表示“与……和谐相处”。故填harmny。
51. _____________ with peple frm diverse cultural backgrunds helps us view the wrld frm different angles. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】Cperating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界。根据句中view the wrld frm different angles可知，此处表示与来自不同文化背景的人合作，空处应用动词cperate，使用动名词形式作句子主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Cperating。
第二节（20分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为“用英语讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数100左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The Spirit f Qian Xuesen: A Beacn f Chinese Ingenuity
Qian Xuesen, a twering figure in aerspace engineering, epitmizes China’s resilience and dedicatin t scientific advancement. After he had vercme numerus bstacles, including plitical tensins, he returned t China in 1955, cmmitted t develping the natin’s space prgram. His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, transfrming the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a natin that values educatin, perseverance, and innvatin. His stry inspires millins, shwcasing China’s capacity t nurture talent and achieve remarkable feats in science and technlgy. Thrugh his life and achievements, Qian exemplifies the spirit f mdern China—a cuntry that hnrs its past while reaching fr the stars.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因，投稿参加学校公众号英语栏目的征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：twering→utstanding
致力于：cmmitted t→devted t
重视：value→attach imprtance t
激励：inspire→mtivate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, transfrming the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
拓展句：His pineering wrk laid the fundatin fr China’s successful launch f rckets and satellites, which transfrmed the cuntry int a majr player in space explratin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】After he had vercme numerus bstacles, including plitical tensins, he returned t China in 1955, cmmitted t develping the natin’s space prgram.(运用了After引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】Qian Xuesen represents China’s image as a natin that values educatin, perseverance, and innvatin. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
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